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Niu X, Zhang F, Ping L, Wang Y, Zhang B, Wang J, Chen X. vwa1 Knockout in Zebrafish Causes Abnormal Craniofacial Chondrogenesis by Regulating FGF Pathway. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040838. [PMID: 37107596 PMCID: PMC10137681 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM), a rare disorder of first- and second-pharyngeal arch development, has been linked to a point mutation in VWA1 (von Willebrand factor A domain containing 1), encoding the protein WARP in a five-generation pedigree. However, how the VWA1 mutation relates to the pathogenesis of HFM is largely unknown. Here, we sought to elucidate the effects of the VWA1 mutation at the molecular level by generating a vwa1-knockout zebrafish line using CRISPR/Cas9. Mutants and crispants showed cartilage dysmorphologies, including hypoplastic Meckel’s cartilage and palatoquadrate cartilage, malformed ceratohyal with widened angle, and deformed or absent ceratobranchial cartilages. Chondrocytes exhibited a smaller size and aspect ratio and were aligned irregularly. In situ hybridization and RT-qPCR showed a decrease in barx1 and col2a1a expression, indicating abnormal cranial neural crest cell (CNCC) condensation and differentiation. CNCC proliferation and survival were also impaired in the mutants. Expression of FGF pathway components, including fgf8a, fgfr1, fgfr2, fgfr3, fgfr4, and runx2a, was decreased, implying a role for VWA1 in regulating FGF signaling. Our results demonstrate that VWA1 is essential for zebrafish chondrogenesis through effects on condensation, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis of CNCCs, and likely impacts chondrogenesis through regulation of the FGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Niu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fuyu Zhang
- 8-Year MD Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Lu Ping
- 8-Year MD Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yibei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Correspondence:
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2
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Impact of perlecan, a core component of basement membrane, on regeneration of cartilaginous tissues. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:13-26. [PMID: 34454085 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As an indispensable component of the extracellular matrix, perlecan (Pln) plays an essential role in cartilaginous tissue function. Although there exist studies suggesting that Pln expressed by cartilaginous tissues is critical for chondrogenesis, few papers have discussed the potential impact Pln may have on cartilage regeneration. In this review, we delineate Pln structure, biomechanical properties, and interactive ligands-which together contribute to the effect Pln has on cartilaginous tissue development. We also review how the signaling pathways of Pln affect cartilage development and scrutinize the potential application of Pln to divisions of cartilage regeneration, spanning vascularization, stem cell differentiation, and biomaterial improvement. The aim of this review is to deepen our understanding of the spatial and temporal interactions that occur between Pln and cartilaginous tissue and ultimately apply Pln in scaffold design to improve cell-based cartilage engineering and regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: As a key component of the basement membrane, Pln plays a critical role in tissue development and repair. Recent findings suggest that Pln existing in the pericellular matrix surrounding mature chondrocytes is actively involved in cartilage regeneration and functionality. We propose that Pln is essential to developing an in vitro matrix niche within biological scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.
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3
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Deschauer M, Hengel H, Rupprich K, Kreiß M, Schlotter-Weigel B, Grimmel M, Admard J, Schneider I, Alhaddad B, Gazou A, Sturm M, Vorgerd M, Balousha G, Balousha O, Falna M, Kirschke JS, Kornblum C, Jordan B, Kraya T, Strom TM, Weis J, Schöls L, Schara U, Zierz S, Riess O, Meitinger T, Haack TB. Bi-allelic truncating mutations in VWA1 cause neuromyopathy. Brain 2021; 144:574-583. [PMID: 33459760 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The von Willebrand Factor A domain containing 1 protein, encoded by VWA1, is an extracellular matrix protein expressed in muscle and peripheral nerve. It interacts with collagen VI and perlecan, two proteins that are affected in hereditary neuromuscular disorders. Lack of VWA1 is known to compromise peripheral nerves in a Vwa1 knock-out mouse model. Exome sequencing led us to identify bi-allelic loss of function variants in VWA1 as the molecular cause underlying a so far genetically undefined neuromuscular disorder. We detected six different truncating variants in 15 affected individuals from six families of German, Arabic, and Roma descent. Disease manifested in childhood or adulthood with proximal and distal muscle weakness predominantly of the lower limbs. Myopathological and neurophysiological findings were indicative of combined neurogenic and myopathic pathology. Early childhood foot deformity was frequent, but no sensory signs were observed. Our findings establish VWA1 as a new disease gene confidently implicated in this autosomal recessive neuromyopathic condition presenting with child-/adult-onset muscle weakness as a key clinical feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Deschauer
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Holger Hengel
- Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Rupprich
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Germany
| | - Martina Kreiß
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Mona Grimmel
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Admard
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ilka Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Bader Alhaddad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Anastasia Gazou
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Sturm
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Vorgerd
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Heimer Institute for Muscle Research, 44789 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ghassan Balousha
- Department of Pathology and Histology, Al-Quds University, Eastern Jerusalem, Palestinian Authority
| | - Osama Balousha
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Eastern Jerusalem, Palestinian Authority
| | - Mohammed Falna
- Faculty of Medicine, Al-Quds University, Eastern Jerusalem, Palestinian Authority
| | - Jan S Kirschke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kornblum
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Berit Jordan
- Department of Neurology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Kraya
- Department of Neurology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute for Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schara
- Department of Neuropediatrics, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Germany
| | - Stephan Zierz
- Department of Neurology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, 81675 Munich, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Arribat Y. Genetic alterations of VWA1: a new link between extracellular matrix and neuromuscular diseases. Brain 2021; 144:362-365. [PMID: 33693694 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This scientific commentary refers to ‘Bi-allelic truncating mutations in VWA1 cause neuromyopathy’, by Deschauer et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awaa418) and ‘An ancestral 10-bp repeat expansion in VWA1 causes recessive hereditary motor neuropathy’, by Pagnamenta et al. (doi:10.1093/brain/awaa420)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Arribat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences School of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne, Lausanne Switzerland
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5
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Pagnamenta AT, Kaiyrzhanov R, Zou Y, Da'as SI, Maroofian R, Donkervoort S, Dominik N, Lauffer M, Ferla MP, Orioli A, Giess A, Tucci A, Beetz C, Sedghi M, Ansari B, Barresi R, Basiri K, Cortese A, Elgar G, Fernandez-Garcia MA, Yip J, Foley AR, Gutowski N, Jungbluth H, Lassche S, Lavin T, Marcelis C, Marks P, Marini-Bettolo C, Medne L, Moslemi AR, Sarkozy A, Reilly MM, Muntoni F, Millan F, Muraresku CC, Need AC, Nemeth AH, Neuhaus SB, Norwood F, O'Donnell M, O'Driscoll M, Rankin J, Yum SW, Zolkipli-Cunningham Z, Brusius I, Wunderlich G, Karakaya M, Wirth B, Fakhro KA, Tajsharghi H, Bönnemann CG, Taylor JC, Houlden H. An ancestral 10-bp repeat expansion in VWA1 causes recessive hereditary motor neuropathy. Brain 2021; 144:584-600. [PMID: 33559681 PMCID: PMC8263055 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix comprises a network of macromolecules such as collagens, proteoglycans and glycoproteins. VWA1 (von Willebrand factor A domain containing 1) encodes a component of the extracellular matrix that interacts with perlecan/collagen VI, appears to be involved in stabilizing extracellular matrix structures, and demonstrates high expression levels in tibial nerve. Vwa1-deficient mice manifest with abnormal peripheral nerve structure/function; however, VWA1 variants have not previously been associated with human disease. By interrogating the genome sequences of 74 180 individuals from the 100K Genomes Project in combination with international gene-matching efforts and targeted sequencing, we identified 17 individuals from 15 families with an autosomal-recessive, non-length dependent, hereditary motor neuropathy and rare biallelic variants in VWA1. A single disease-associated allele p.(G25Rfs*74), a 10-bp repeat expansion, was observed in 14/15 families and was homozygous in 10/15. Given an allele frequency in European populations approaching 1/1000, the seven unrelated homozygote individuals ascertained from the 100K Genomes Project represents a substantial enrichment above expected. Haplotype analysis identified a shared 220 kb region suggesting that this founder mutation arose >7000 years ago. A wide age-range of patients (6-83 years) helped delineate the clinical phenotype over time. The commonest disease presentation in the cohort was an early-onset (mean 2.0 ± 1.4 years) non-length-dependent axonal hereditary motor neuropathy, confirmed on electrophysiology, which will have to be differentiated from other predominantly or pure motor neuropathies and neuronopathies. Because of slow disease progression, ambulation was largely preserved. Neurophysiology, muscle histopathology, and muscle MRI findings typically revealed clear neurogenic changes with single isolated cases displaying additional myopathic process. We speculate that a few findings of myopathic changes might be secondary to chronic denervation rather than indicating an additional myopathic disease process. Duplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting using patient fibroblasts revealed that the founder allele results in partial nonsense mediated decay and an absence of detectable protein. CRISPR and morpholino vwa1 modelling in zebrafish demonstrated reductions in motor neuron axonal growth, synaptic formation in the skeletal muscles and locomotive behaviour. In summary, we estimate that biallelic variants in VWA1 may be responsible for up to 1% of unexplained hereditary motor neuropathy cases in Europeans. The detailed clinical characterization provided here will facilitate targeted testing on suitable patient cohorts. This novel disease gene may have previously evaded detection because of high GC content, consequential low coverage and computational difficulties associated with robustly detecting repeat-expansions. Reviewing previously unsolved exomes using lower QC filters may generate further diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair T Pagnamenta
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Yaqun Zou
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sahar I Da'as
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sandra Donkervoort
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalia Dominik
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Marlen Lauffer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Genetics, and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matteo P Ferla
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Orioli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Genomics England, London, UK
| | - Adam Giess
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Genomics England, London, UK
| | - Arianna Tucci
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Genomics England, London, UK
| | | | - Maryam Sedghi
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behnaz Ansari
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rita Barresi
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Keivan Basiri
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Andrea Cortese
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Greg Elgar
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Genomics England, London, UK
| | - Miguel A Fernandez-Garcia
- Department of Paediatric Neurology - Neuromuscular Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Janice Yip
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - A Reghan Foley
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Gutowski
- Department of Neurology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology - Neuromuscular Service, Evelina Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics Muscle Signalling Section, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Saskia Lassche
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Lavin
- Department of Neurology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Carlo Marcelis
- Department of Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Marks
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chiara Marini-Bettolo
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Livija Medne
- Divisions of Neurology and Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali-Reza Moslemi
- Department of Pathology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Anna Sarkozy
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, UK
| | - Mary M Reilly
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Francesco Muntoni
- The Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, and Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Colleen C Muraresku
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna C Need
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Genomics England, London, UK
| | - Andrea H Nemeth
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah B Neuhaus
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fiona Norwood
- Department of Neurology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Marie O'Donnell
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mary O'Driscoll
- West Midlands Regional Clinical Genetics Service and Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Julia Rankin
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Sabrina W Yum
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zarazuela Zolkipli-Cunningham
- Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isabell Brusius
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Genetics, and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gilbert Wunderlich
- Department of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mert Karakaya
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Genetics, and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Institute of Genetics, and Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Homa Tajsharghi
- School of Health Science, Division Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Skovde, Sweden
| | - Carsten G Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jenny C Taylor
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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6
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Wang Y, Ping L, Luan X, Chen Y, Fan X, Li L, Liu Y, Wang P, Zhang S, Zhang B, Chen X. A Mutation in VWA1, Encoding von Willebrand Factor A Domain-Containing Protein 1, Is Associated With Hemifacial Microsomia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:571004. [PMID: 33015062 PMCID: PMC7509151 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a type of rare congenital syndrome caused by developmental disorders of the first and second pharyngeal arches that occurs in one out of 5,600 live births. There are significant gaps in our knowledge of the pathogenic genes underlying this syndrome. Methods Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on five patients, one asymptomatic carrier, and two marry-in members of a five-generation pedigree. Structure of WARP (product of VWA1) was predicted using the Phyre2 web portal. In situ hybridization and vwa1-knockdown/knockout studies in zebrafish using morpholino and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques were performed. Cartilage staining and immunofluorescence were carried out. Results Through WES and a set of filtration, we identified a c.G905A:p.R302Q point mutation in a novel candidate pathogenic gene, VWA1. The Phyre2 web portal predicted alterations in secondary and tertiary structures of WARP, indicating changes in its function as well. Predictions of protein-to-protein interactions in five pathways related to craniofacial development revealed possible interactions with four proteins in the FGF pathway. Knockdown/knockout studies of the zebrafish revealed deformities of pharyngeal cartilage. A decrease of the proliferation of cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) and alteration of the structure of pharyngeal chondrocytes were observed in the morphants as well. Conclusion Our data suggest that a mutation in VWA1 is functionally linked to HFM through suppression of CNCC proliferation and disruption of the organization of pharyngeal chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibei Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Ping
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Luan
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yushan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Xinmiao Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lianyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics and National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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7
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Fitzgerald J. WARP: A Unique Extracellular Matrix Component of Cartilage, Muscle, and Endothelial Cell Basement Membranes. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1619-1623. [PMID: 30768857 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The von Willebrand factor A-domain-related protein (WARP) encoded by the VWA1 gene, is an orphan extracellular matrix protein that is expressed in a subset of ECM structures but whose function is poorly understood. Here, recent advances on understanding VWA1/WARP will be reviewed including analysis of VWA1 reporter and global knock-out mice, interaction studies, and recent transcriptome analyses. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Fitzgerald
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital System, Detroit, Michigan
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8
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Single-cell transcriptomics of the developing lateral geniculate nucleus reveals insights into circuit assembly and refinement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1051-E1060. [PMID: 29343640 PMCID: PMC5798372 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717871115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons and nonneuronal cells in the developing brain dynamically regulate gene expression as neural connectivity is established. However, the specific gene programs activated in distinct cell populations during the assembly and refinement of many intact neuronal circuits have not been thoroughly characterized. In this study, we take advantage of recent advances in transcriptomic profiling techniques to characterize gene expression in the postnatal developing lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) at single-cell resolution. Our data reveal that genes involved in brain development are dynamically regulated in all major cell types of the LGN, suggesting that the establishment of neural connectivity depends upon functional collaboration between multiple neuronal and nonneuronal cell types in this brain region. Coordinated changes in gene expression underlie the early patterning and cell-type specification of the central nervous system. However, much less is known about how such changes contribute to later stages of circuit assembly and refinement. In this study, we employ single-cell RNA sequencing to develop a detailed, whole-transcriptome resource of gene expression across four time points in the developing dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), a visual structure in the brain that undergoes a well-characterized program of postnatal circuit development. This approach identifies markers defining the major LGN cell types, including excitatory relay neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells. Most cell types exhibit significant transcriptional changes across development, dynamically expressing genes involved in distinct processes including retinotopic mapping, synaptogenesis, myelination, and synaptic refinement. Our data suggest that genes associated with synapse and circuit development are expressed in a larger proportion of nonneuronal cell types than previously appreciated. Furthermore, we used this single-cell expression atlas to identify the Prkcd-Cre mouse line as a tool for selective manipulation of relay neurons during a late stage of sensory-driven synaptic refinement. This transcriptomic resource provides a cellular map of gene expression across several cell types of the LGN, and offers insight into the molecular mechanisms of circuit development in the postnatal brain.
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Tetrahelical structural family adopted by AGCGA-rich regulatory DNA regions. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15355. [PMID: 28513602 PMCID: PMC5442326 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe AGCGA-quadruplexes, an unexpected addition to the well-known tetrahelical families, G-quadruplexes and i-motifs, that have been a focus of intense research due to their potential biological impact in G- and C-rich DNA regions, respectively. High-resolution structures determined by solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy demonstrate that AGCGA-quadruplexes comprise four 5′-AGCGA-3′ tracts and are stabilized by G-A and G-C base pairs forming GAGA- and GCGC-quartets, respectively. Residues in the core of the structure are connected with edge-type loops. Sequences of alternating 5′-AGCGA-3′ and 5′-GGG-3′ repeats could be expected to form G-quadruplexes, but are shown herein to form AGCGA-quadruplexes instead. Unique structural features of AGCGA-quadruplexes together with lower sensitivity to cation and pH variation imply their potential biological relevance in regulatory regions of genes responsible for basic cellular processes that are related to neurological disorders, cancer and abnormalities in bone and cartilage development. DNA tetrahelical structures such as G-quadruplexes are known to play important roles in DNA replication and repair. Here the authors present the structure of 5′-AGCGA-3′-quadruplexes enriched in genetic regulatory regions.
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Flores-Nunes F, Gomes T, Company R, Moraes RRM, Sasaki ST, Taniguchi S, Bicego MC, Melo CMR, Bainy ACD, Bebianno MJ. Changes in protein expression of pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas exposed in situ to urban sewage. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:17267-17279. [PMID: 25398216 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The composition and concentration of substances in urban effluents are complex and difficult to measure. These contaminants elicit biological responses in the exposed organisms. Proteomic analysis is a powerful tool in environmental toxicology by evidencing alterations in protein expression due to exposure to contaminants and by providing a useful framework for the development of new potential biomarkers. The aim of this study was to determine changes in protein expression signatures (PES) in the digestive gland of oysters Crassostrea gigas transplanted to two farming areas (LIS and RIB) and to one area contaminated by sanitary sewage (BUC) after 14 days of exposure. This species is one of the most cultivated molluscs in the world. The identified proteins are related to the cytoskeleton (CKAP5 and ACT2), ubiquitination pathway conjugation (UBE3C), G protein-coupled receptor and signal transduction (SVEP1), and cell cycle/division (CCNB3). CKAP5 showed higher expression in oysters kept at BUC in comparison with those kept at the farming areas, while ACT2, UBE3C, SVEP1, and CCNB3 were suppressed. The results suggest that these changes might lead to DNA damage, apoptosis, and interference with the immune system in oyster C. gigas exposed to sewage and give initial information on PES of C. gigas exposed to sanitary sewage, which can subsequently be useful in the development of more sensitive tools for biomonitoring coastal areas, particularly those devoted mainly to oyster farming activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Flores-Nunes
- Laboratory for Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tânia Gomes
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rui Company
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Roberta R M Moraes
- Laboratory for Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Silvio T Sasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia C Bicego
- Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry, Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudio M R Melo
- Laboratory of Marine Molluscs, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Afonso C D Bainy
- Laboratory for Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Federal University Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maria J Bebianno
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Deckx S, Carai P, Bateman J, Heymans S, Papageorgiou AP. Breeding Strategy Determines Rupture Incidence in Post-Infarct Healing WARPing Cardiovascular Research. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139199. [PMID: 26406320 PMCID: PMC4583407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Von Willebrand A domain Related Protein (WARP), is a recently identified extracellular matrix protein. Based upon its involvement in matrix biology and its expression in the heart, we hypothesized that WARP regulates cardiac remodeling processes in the post-infarct healing process. Methods and results In the mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI), WARP expression increased in the infarcted area 3-days post-MI. In the healthy myocardium WARP localized with perlecan in the basement membrane, which was disrupted upon injury. In vitro studies showed high expression of WARP by cardiac fibroblasts, which further increases upon TGFβ stimulation. Furthermore, WARP expression correlated with aSMA and COL1 expression, markers of fibroblast to myofibroblast transition, in vivo and in vitro. Finally, WARP knockdown in vitro affected extra- and intracellular basic fibroblast growth factor production in myofibroblasts. To investigate the function for WARP in infarction healing, we performed an MI study in WARP knockout (KO) mice backcrossed more than 10 times on an Australian C57Bl/6-J background and bred in-house, and compared to wild type (WT) mice of the same C57Bl/6-J strain but of commercial European origin. WARP KO mice showed no mortality after MI, whereas 40% of the WT mice died due to cardiac rupture. However, when WARP KO mice were backcrossed on the European C57Bl/6-J background and bred heterozygous in-house, the previously seen protective effect in the WARP KO mice after MI was lost. Importantly, comparison of the cardiac response post-MI in WT mice bred heterozygous in-house versus commercially purchased WT mice revealed differences in cardiac rupture. Conclusion These data demonstrate a redundant role for WARP in the wound healing process after MI but demonstrate that the continental/breeding/housing origin of mice of the same C57Bl6-J strain is critical in determining the susceptibility to cardiac rupture and stress the importance of using the correct littermate controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Deckx
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Paolo Carai
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John Bateman
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna-Pia Papageorgiou
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Tsapakis EM, Fernandes C, Moran-Gates T, Basu A, Sugden K, Aitchison KJ, Tarazi FI. Effects of antidepressant drug exposure on gene expression in the developing cerebral cortex. Synapse 2014; 68:209-20. [PMID: 24458505 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the basis of limited responses in children and adolescents to antidepressant treatments considered standard in the treatment of adult major depressive disorder, juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 21-day treatment with dissimilar antidepressant drugs fluoxetine, imipramine, or vehicle control. Total RNA was extracted from brain frontal cortices and hybridized to the Affymetrix 230.2 chip. A total of 18 microarrays were analyzed (i.e., six biological replicates in three treatment groups). Transcripts identified were validated using Taqman real-time quantitative PCR methodology, and the relative expression of each gene was also determined. In both the imipramine- and fluoxetine-treated animals, expression of six genes was down-regulated (ANOVA-filtered gene expression data using dChip [version 2005]): Gpd1; Lrrn3; Sult1A1; Angptl4; Mt1a; Unknown. Furthermore, four genes were over-expressed: P4Ha1; RDG1311476; Rgc32; and SLC25A18-like by both imipramine and fluoxetine. These data demonstrate that antidepressant drugs interfere with the expression of genes involved in cell signaling, survival, and protein metabolism. Our results show that antidepressants regulate the induction of highly specific transcriptional programs in the developing frontal cortex. These findings provide novel insights into the long-term molecular actions of antidepressant drugs in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia M Tsapakis
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Pennino D, Bhavsar PK, Effner R, Avitabile S, Venn P, Quaranta M, Marzaioli V, Cifuentes L, Durham SR, Cavani A, Eyerich K, Chung KF, Schmidt-Weber CB, Eyerich S. IL-22 suppresses IFN-γ-mediated lung inflammation in asthmatic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 131:562-70. [PMID: 23174657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-22 controls tissue homeostasis by both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IL-22 remain poorly investigated. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the anti-inflammatory role for IL-22 in human asthma. METHODS T-cell lines derived from lung biopsy specimens of asthmatic patients were characterized by means of flow cytometry. Human bronchial epithelial cells from healthy and asthmatic subjects were stimulated with IL-22, IFN-γ, or the combination of both cytokines. Effects of cytokine stimulation were investigated by using whole-genome analysis, ELISA, and flow cytometry. The functional consequence of cytokine stimulation was evaluated in an in vitro wound repair model and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity experiments. In vivo cytokine expression was measured by using immunohistochemistry and Luminex assays in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of healthy and asthmatic patients. RESULTS The current study identifies a tissue-restricted antagonistic interplay of IL-22 and the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ. On the one hand, IFN-γ antagonized IL-22-mediated induction of the antimicrobial peptide S100A7 and epithelial cell migration in bronchial epithelial cells. On the other hand, IL-22 decreased epithelial susceptibility to T cell-mediated cytotoxicity by inhibiting the IFN-γ-induced expression of MHC-I, MHC-II, and CD54/intercellular adhesion molecule 1 molecules. Likewise, IL-22 inhibited IFN-γ-induced secretion of the proinflammatory chemokines CCL5/RANTES and CXCL10/interferon-inducible protein 10 in vitro. Consistently, the IL-22 expression in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic patients inversely correlated with the expression of CCL5/RANTES and CXCL10/interferon-inducible protein 10 in vivo. CONCLUSIONS IL-22 might control the extent of IFN-γ-mediated lung inflammation and therefore play a tissue-restricted regulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pennino
- ZAUM-Center of Allergy and Environment, Technische Universität and Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Hansen U, Allen JM, White R, Moscibrocki C, Bruckner P, Bateman JF, Fitzgerald J. WARP interacts with collagen VI-containing microfibrils in the pericellular matrix of human chondrocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52793. [PMID: 23300779 PMCID: PMC3530481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen VI and WARP are extracellular structural macromolecules present in cartilage and associated with BM suprastructures in non-skeletal tissues. We have previously shown that in WARP-deficient mice, collagen VI is specifically reduced in regions of the peripheral nerve ECM where WARP is expressed, suggesting that both macromolecules are part of the same suprastructure. The object of this study was to conduct a detailed analysis of WARP-collagen VI interactions in vitro in cartilage, a tissue rich in WARP and collagen VI. Immunohistochemical analysis of mouse and human articular cartilage showed that WARP and collagen VI co-localize in the pericellular matrix of superficial zone articular chondrocytes. EM analysis on extracts of human articular cartilage showed that WARP associates closely with collagen VI-containing suprastructures. Additional evidence of an interaction is provided by immunogold EM and immunoblot analysis showing that WARP was present in collagen VI-containing networks isolated from cartilage. Further characterization were done by solid phase binding studies and reconstitution experiments using purified recombinant WARP and isolated collagen VI. Collagen VI binds to WARP with an apparent K(d) of approximately 22 nM and the binding site(s) for WARP resides within the triple helical domain since WARP binds to both intact collagen VI tetramers and pepsinized collagen VI. Together, these data confirm and extend our previous findings by demonstrating that WARP and collagen VI form high affinity associations in vivo in cartilage. We conclude that WARP is ideally placed to function as an adapter protein in the cartilage pericellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Hansen
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Justin M. Allen
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel White
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Cathleen Moscibrocki
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Peter Bruckner
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - John F. Bateman
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Fitzgerald
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Giannikou K, Fryssira H, Oikonomakis V, Syrmou A, Kosma K, Tzetis M, Kitsiou-Tzeli S, Kanavakis E. Further delineation of novel 1p36 rearrangements by array-CGH analysis: narrowing the breakpoints and clarifying the "extended" phenotype. Gene 2012; 506:360-8. [PMID: 22766398 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
High resolution oligonucleotide array Comparative Genome Hybridization technology (array-CGH) has greatly assisted the recognition of the 1p36 contiguous gene deletion syndrome. The 1p36 deletion syndrome is considered to be one of the most common subtelomeric microdeletion syndromes and has an incidence of ~1 in 5000 live births, while respectively the "pure" 1p36 microduplication has not been reported so far. We present seven new patients who were referred for genetic evaluation due to Developmental Delay (DD), Mental Retardation (MR), and distinct dysmorphic features. They all had a wide phenotypic spectrum. In all cases previous standard karyotypes were negative. Array-CGH analysis revealed five patients with interstitial 1p36 microdeletion (four de novo and one maternal) and two patients with de novo reciprocal duplication of different sizes. These were the first reported "pure" 1p36 microduplication cases so far. Three of our patients carrying the 1p36 microdeletion syndrome were also found to have additional pathogenetic aberrations. These findings (del 3q27.1; del 4q21.22-q22.1; del 16p13.3; dup 21q21.2-q21.3; del Xp22.12) might contribute to the patients' severe phenotype, acting as additional modifiers of their clinical manifestations. We review and compare the clinical and array-CGH findings of our patients to previously reported cases with the aim of clearly delineating more accurate genotype-phenotype correlations for the 1p36 syndrome that could allow for a more precise prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krinio Giannikou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece.
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16
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Duong T, Lopez IA, Ishiyama A, Ishiyama G. Immunocytochemical distribution of WARP (von Willebrand A domain-related protein) in the inner ear. Brain Res 2010; 1367:50-61. [PMID: 20971096 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The basic components of the epithelial, perineural, and perivascular basement membranes in the inner ear have been well-documented in several animal models and in the human inner ear. The von Willebrand A domain-related protein (WARP) is an extracellular matrix molecule with restricted expression in cartilage, and a subset of basement membranes in peripheral nerves, muscle, and central nervous system vasculature. It has been suggested that WARP has an important role in maintaining the blood-brain barrier. To date no studies on WARP distribution have been performed in the inner ear, which is equipped with an intricate vasculature network. In the present study, we determined the distribution of WARP by immunocytochemistry in the human inner ear using auditory and vestibular endorgans microdissected from human temporal bones obtained at autopsy. All subjects (n=5, aged 55-87years old) had documented normal auditory and vestibular function. We also determined the WARP immunolocalization in the mouse inner ear. WARP immunoreactivity localized to the vasculature throughout the stroma of the cristae ampullaris, the maculae utricle, and saccule in the human and mouse. In the human and mouse inner ear, WARP immunoreactivity delineated blood vessels located in the stria vascularis, spiral ligament, sub-basilar region, stromal tissue, and the spiral and vestibular ganglia. The distinct localization of WARP in the inner ear vasculature suggests an important role in maintaining its integrity. In addition, WARP allows delineation of microvessels in the inner ear allowing the study of vascular pathology in the development of otological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trac Duong
- Surgery Department, Division of Head and Neck, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles California, USA
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Zhang Y, Dai Y, Liu Y, Ren J. Mandibulofacial dysostosis, microtia, and limb anomalies in a newborn: a new form of acrofacial dysostosis syndrome? Clin Genet 2010; 78:570-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Allen JM, Zamurs L, Brachvogel B, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Hansen U, Lamandé SR, Rowley L, Fitzgerald J, Bateman JF. Mice lacking the extracellular matrix protein WARP develop normally but have compromised peripheral nerve structure and function. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:12020-30. [PMID: 19279005 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806968200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
WARP is a recently identified extracellular matrix molecule with restricted expression in permanent cartilages and a distinct subset of basement membranes in peripheral nerves, muscle, and the central nervous system vasculature. WARP interacts with perlecan, and we also demonstrate here that WARP binds type VI collagen, suggesting a function in bridging connective tissue structures. To understand the in vivo function of WARP, we generated a WARP-deficient mouse strain. WARP-null mice were healthy, viable, and fertile with no overt abnormalities. Motor function and behavioral testing demonstrated that WARP-null mice exhibited a significantly delayed response to acute painful stimulus and impaired fine motor coordination, although general motor function was not affected, suggesting compromised peripheral nerve function. Immunostaining of WARP-interacting ligands demonstrated that the collagen VI microfibrillar matrix was severely reduced and mislocalized in peripheral nerves of WARP-null mice. Further ultrastructural analysis revealed reduced fibrillar collagen deposition within the peripheral nerve extracellular matrix and abnormal partial fusing of adjacent Schwann cell basement membranes, suggesting an important function for WARP in stabilizing the association of the collagenous interstitial matrix with the Schwann cell basement membrane. In contrast, other WARP-deficient tissues such as articular cartilage, intervertebral discs, and skeletal muscle showed no detectable abnormalities, and basement membranes formed normally. Our data demonstrate that although WARP is not essential for basement membrane formation or musculoskeletal development, it has critical roles in the structure and function of peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Allen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Fitzgerald J, Rich C, Zhou FH, Hansen U. Three novel collagen VI chains, alpha4(VI), alpha5(VI), and alpha6(VI). J Biol Chem 2008; 283:20170-80. [PMID: 18400749 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m710139200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the identification of three new collagen VI genes at a single locus on human chromosome 3q22.1. The three new genes are COL6A4, COL6A5, and COL6A6 that encode the alpha4(VI), alpha5(VI), and alpha6(VI) chains. In humans, the COL6A4 gene has been disrupted by a chromosome break. Each of the three new collagen chains contains a 336-amino acid triple helix flanked by seven N-terminal von Willebrand factor A-like domains and two (alpha4 and alpha6 chains) or three (alpha5 chain) C-terminal von Willebrand factor A-like domains. In humans, mRNA expression of COL6A5 is restricted to a few tissues, including lung, testis, and colon. In contrast, the COL6A6 gene is expressed in a wide range of fetal and adult tissues, including lung, kidney, liver, spleen, thymus, heart, and skeletal muscle. Antibodies to the alpha6(VI) chain stained the extracellular matrix of human skeletal and cardiac muscle, lung, and the territorial matrix of articular cartilage. In cell transfection and immunoprecipitation experiments, mouse alpha4(VI)N6-C2 chain co-assembled with endogenous alpha1(VI) and alpha2(VI) chains to form trimeric collagen VI molecules that were secreted from the cell. In contrast, alpha5(VI)N5-C1 and alpha6(VI)N6-C2 chains did not assemble with alpha1(VI) and alpha2(VI) chains and accumulated intracellularly. We conclude that the alpha4(VI)N6-C2 chain contains all the elements necessary for trimerization with alpha1(VI) and alpha2(VI). In summary, the discovery of three additional collagen VI chains doubles the collagen VI family and adds a layer of complexity to collagen VI assembly and function in the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Fitzgerald
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Burket CT, Higgins CE, Hull LC, Berninsone PM, Ryder EF. The C. elegans gene dig-1 encodes a giant member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that promotes fasciculation of neuronal processes. Dev Biol 2006; 299:193-205. [PMID: 16928366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2006] [Revised: 07/17/2006] [Accepted: 07/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The adhesion of growing neurites into appropriate bundles or fascicles is important for the development of correct synaptic connectivity in the nervous system. We describe fasciculation defects of animals with mutations in the C. elegans gene dig-1 and show that dig-1 encodes a giant molecule (13,100 amino acids) of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Five new alleles of dig-1 were isolated in a screen for mutations affecting the morphology or function of several classes of head sensory neurons. Mutants showed process defasciculation of several classes of neurons. Analysis of a temperature-sensitive allele revealed that dig-1 is required during embryogenesis for normal process fasciculation of one class of head sensory neuron. Partial sequencing of two alleles, RNA interference (RNAi) and rescuing experiments showed that dig-1 encodes a giant molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily. DIG-1 protein contains many domains associated with adhesion, is likely secreted, and has some features of proteoglycans. dig-1 mutants were originally isolated due to their displaced gonads [Thomas, J.H., Stern, M.J., Horvitz, H.R., 1990. Cell interactions coordinate the development of the C. elegans egg-laying system. Cell 62, 1041-52]; thus, dig-1 alleles were also characterized for their effects on gonad placement. Mutant phenotypes suggest that DIG-1 may mediate cell movement as well as process fasciculation and that different regions of the protein may mediate these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Burket
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
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Cotterill SL, Jackson GC, Leighton MP, Wagener R, Mäkitie O, Cole WG, Briggs MD. Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia mutations in MATN3 cause misfolding of the A-domain and prevent secretion of mutant matrilin-3. Hum Mutat 2006; 26:557-65. [PMID: 16287128 PMCID: PMC2726956 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a relatively common skeletal dysplasia that can present in childhood with a variable phenotype of short stature and pain and stiffness in the large joints, and often progresses to early-onset osteoarthritis in adulthood. Mutations in the matrilin-3 gene (MATN3) have recently been shown to underlie some forms of autosomal dominant MED. To date all MED mutations in matrilin-3 cluster in the single A-domain, suggesting that they may disrupt the structure and/or function of this important domain. To determine the effects of MATN3 mutations on the structure and function of matrilin-3 we expressed both normal and mutant matrilin-3 in mammalian cells. Wild-type (wt) matrilin-3 was efficiently secreted into conditioned medium, whereas mutant matrilin-3 was retained and accumulated within the cell. Furthermore, when the mutant A-domains were examined individually, they existed primarily in an unfolded conformation. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the mutant A-domains were specifically associated with ERp72, a chaperone protein known to be involved in mediating disulfide bond formation. Light microscopy of cartilage from an MED patient with a MATN3 mutation showed the presence of intracellular material within the chondrocytes, whilst the overall matrix appeared normal. On electron micrographs, the inclusions noted at the light microscopy level appeared to be dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that the retained protein was matrilin-3. In summary, the data presented in this paper suggest that MED caused by MATN3 mutations is the result of an intracellular retention of the mutant protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally L Cotterill
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gail C Jackson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P Leighton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
| | - Raimund Wagener
- Center for Biochemistry, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | | | - Michael D Briggs
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of ManchesterManchester, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence to: Michael D. Briggs, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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Ellingsen JE, Thomsen P, Lyngstadaas SP. Advances in dental implant materials and tissue regeneration. Periodontol 2000 2006; 41:136-56. [PMID: 16686931 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Eirik Ellingsen
- Oral Research Laboratory and Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Dental Faculty, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Allen JM, Bateman JF, Hansen U, Wilson R, Bruckner P, Owens RT, Sasaki T, Timpl R, Fitzgerald J. WARP is a novel multimeric component of the chondrocyte pericellular matrix that interacts with perlecan. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:7341-9. [PMID: 16407285 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513746200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
WARP is a novel member of the von Willebrand factor A domain superfamily of extracellular matrix proteins that is expressed by chondrocytes. WARP is restricted to the presumptive articular cartilage zone prior to joint cavitation and to the articular cartilage and fibrocartilaginous elements in the joint, spine, and sternum during mouse embryonic development. In mature articular cartilage, WARP is highly specific for the chondrocyte pericellular microenvironment and co-localizes with perlecan, a prominent component of the chondrocyte pericellular region. WARP is present in the guanidine-soluble fraction of cartilage matrix extracts as a disulfide-bonded multimer, indicating that WARP is a strongly interacting component of the cartilage matrix. To investigate how WARP is integrated with the pericellular environment, we studied WARP binding to mouse perlecan using solid phase and surface plasmon resonance analysis. WARP interacts with domain III-2 of the perlecan core protein and the heparan sulfate chains of the perlecan domain I with K(D) values in the low nanomolar range. We conclude that WARP forms macromolecular structures that interact with perlecan to contribute to the assembly and/or maintenance of "permanent" cartilage structures during development and in mature cartilages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Allen
- Cell and Matrix Biology Research Unit, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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24
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Gajecka M, Yu W, Ballif BC, Glotzbach CD, Bailey KA, Shaw CA, Kashork CD, Heilstedt HA, Ansel DA, Theisen A, Rice R, Rice DPC, Shaffer LG. Delineation of mechanisms and regions of dosage imbalance in complex rearrangements of 1p36 leads to a putative gene for regulation of cranial suture closure. Eur J Hum Genet 2004; 13:139-49. [PMID: 15483646 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural chromosome abnormalities have aided in gene identification for over three decades. Delineation of the deletion sizes and rearrangements allows for phenotype/genotype correlations and ultimately assists in gene identification. In this report, we have delineated the precise rearrangements in four subjects with deletions, duplications, and/or triplications of 1p36 and compared the regions of imbalance to two cases recently published. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis revealed the size, order, and orientation of the duplicated/triplicated segments in each subject. We propose a premeiotic model for the formation of these complex rearrangements in the four newly ascertained subjects, whereby a deleted chromosome 1 undergoes a combination of multiple breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycles and inversions to produce a chromosome arm with a complex rearrangement of deleted, duplicated and triplicated segments. In addition, comparing the six subjects' rearrangements revealed a region of overlap that when triplicated is associated with craniosynostosis and when deleted is associated with large, late-closing anterior fontanels. Within this region are the MMP23A and -B genes. We show MMP23 gene expression at the cranial sutures and we propose that haploinsufficiency results in large, late-closing anterior fontanels and overexpression results in craniosynostosis. These data emphasize the important role of cytogenetics in investigating and uncovering the etiologies of human genetic disease, particularly cytogenetic imbalances that reveal potentially dosage-sensitive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Gajecka
- Health Research and Education Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
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Fitzgerald J, Bateman JF. Is there an evolutionary relationship between WARP (von Willebrand factor A-domain-related protein) and the FACIT and FACIT-like collagens? FEBS Lett 2003; 552:91-4. [PMID: 14527666 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We suggest that there is an evolutionary relationship between von Willebrand factor A-domain-related protein (WARP), and the fibril-associated collagen with interrupted triple helix (FACIT) and FACIT-like subfamilies of collagens. Data from a comparison of amino acid sequences, domain organisation and chromosomal location are consistent with the hypothesis that WARP and these collagens share a common collagen ancestor. In support of this is the observation that the WARP 3' coding region is GC-rich suggesting that this may represent the remnant of a triple helix protein domain which WARP has 'lost' during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Fitzgerald
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia.
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Deyl Z, Miksík I, Eckhardt A. Preparative procedures and purity assessment of collagen proteins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 790:245-75. [PMID: 12767337 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Collagens represent a large family (25 members identified so far) of closely related proteins. While the preparative procedures for the members that are ubiquitous and present in tissues in large quantities (typically fibre and network forming collagens types I, II, III, IV and V) are well established, the procedures for more recently discovered minor collagen types, namely those possessing large non-collagenous domain(s) in their molecule, are mostly micropreparative and for some collagenous proteins even do not exist. The reason is that the proof of their existence is based on immunochemical staining of tissue slices and nucleic database searching. Methods of preparation and identification of constituting alpha-polypeptide chains as well as collagenous and non-collagenous domains are also reviewed. Methods for revealing non-enzymatic posttranslational modifications (particularly of the fibre forming collagen types) are briefly described as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Deyl
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vi;denská 1083, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic.
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