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Sun S, Sun S, Meng Y, Shi B, Chen Y. Elevated Serum Neuropeptide FF Levels Are Associated with Cognitive Decline in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:4549049. [PMID: 34804262 PMCID: PMC8601828 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4549049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) has high incidence globally and is frequently accompanied by subsequent cognitive decline. Accurate early risk-categorization of SCI patients for cognitive decline using biomarkers can enable the timely application of appropriate neuroprotective measures and the development of new agents for the management of SCI-associated cognitive decline. Neuropeptide FF is an endogenous neuropeptide with a multitude of functions and is associated with neuroinflammatory processes. This prospective study investigated the predictive value of serum neuropeptide FF levels measured after acute SCI for subsequent cognitive decline. METHODS 88 patients presenting with acute SCI without preexisting neurological injury, brain trauma, or severe systemic illness and 60 healthy controls were recruited. Serum neuropeptide FF levels, clinical, and routine laboratory variables including low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose, total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels collected from all subjects were assessed. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) was performed 3 months after enrollment. SCI patients were grouped according to quartile of serum neuropeptide FF level and MoCA scores were compared using ANOVA. Additionally, multivariate linear regression with clinical and laboratory variables was performed to predict MoCA scores. RESULTS SCI patients displayed significantly higher baseline serum neuropeptide FF levels than healthy controls (38.5 ± 4.1 versus 23.4 ± 2.0 pg/ml, p < 0.001∗∗). SCI patients in higher quartiles of baseline serum neuropeptide FF displayed significantly lower MoCA scores at 3 months. Linear regression analysis indicated serum neuropeptide FF levels as a significant independent predictor of worse MoCA scores after SCI (r = 0.331, p = 0.034∗). CONCLUSION Early serum neuropeptide FF levels significantly and independently predicted cognitive decline after acute SCI among patients without preexisting neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifei Sun
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Shilong Sun
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Yuanzhen Chen
- Bone Biomechanics Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province, Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250062, China
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Sun Y, Kuang Y, Zuo Z, Zhang J, Ma X, Xing X, Liu L, Miao Y, Ren T, Li H, Mei Q. Cellular processes involved in RAW 264.7 macrophages exposed to NPFF: A transcriptional study. Peptides 2021; 136:170469. [PMID: 33309723 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a neuropeptide that modulates various physiological processes. The regulatory role of NPFF in the immune and inflammatory response is currently being revealed. However, the effect of NPFF at the transcriptome level in macrophages has not been fully elucidated. Here, the impact of NPFF on gene expression at the transcriptome level of RAW 264.7 cells was investigated by RNA-seq. RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with NPFF (1 nM) for 18 h, followed by RNA-seq examination. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were acquired, followed by GO, KEGG, and PPI analysis. A total of eight qPCR-verified DEGs were obtained. Next, three-dimensional models of the eight hub proteins were constructed by using homology modeling with Modeller (9v23). Finally, molecular dynamics simulation (300 ns) was performed with GROMACS 2018.2 to investigate the structural characteristics of these hub proteins. NPFF had no detectable effect on the morphology of RAW264.7 cells. A total of 211 DEGs were acquired, and an enrichment study demonstrated that the immune response-related pathway was significantly inhibited by NPFF. Moreover, the molecular dynamics optimized-protein models of the hub proteins were obtained. Collectively, NPFF inhibited the expression of immune-related genes in RAW 264.7 cells at the transcriptome level, which suggested a negative relationship between NPFF and this set of immune-related genes in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Therefore, our data may provide direct evidence of the role of NPFF in peripheral or central inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Sun
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Kuang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
| | - Zhuo Zuo
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710049, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xing
- School of Humanities, Economics and Laws, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
| | - Lingyi Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
| | - Yuchen Miao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
| | - Hui Li
- Hong-Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, South Door Slightly Friendship Road 555, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences & Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710072, China
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Diet-induced adaptive thermogenesis requires neuropeptide FF receptor-2 signalling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4722. [PMID: 30413707 PMCID: PMC6226433 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess caloric intake results in increased fat accumulation and an increase in energy expenditure via diet-induced adaptive thermogenesis; however, the underlying mechanisms controlling these processes are unclear. Here we identify the neuropeptide FF receptor-2 (NPFFR2) as a critical regulator of diet-induced thermogenesis and bone homoeostasis. Npffr2−/− mice exhibit a stronger bone phenotype and when fed a HFD display exacerbated obesity associated with a failure in activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic response to energy excess, whereas the activation of cold-induced BAT thermogenesis is unaffected. NPFFR2 signalling is required to maintain basal arcuate nucleus NPY mRNA expression. Lack of NPFFR2 signalling leads to a decrease in BAT thermogenesis under HFD conditions with significantly lower UCP-1 and PGC-1α levels in the BAT. Together, these data demonstrate that NPFFR2 signalling promotes diet-induced thermogenesis via a novel hypothalamic NPY-dependent circuitry thereby coupling energy homoeostasis with energy partitioning to adipose and bone tissue. Excess caloric intake leads to increased thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue, to limit weight gain. Here, the authors show that neuropeptide FF receptor-2 signalling promotes thermogenesis via control of NPY expression in the arcuate nucleus, and that it absence in mice leads to a failure of activation of diet-induced thermogenesis and the development of exacerbated obesity.
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Ubuka T, Tsutsui K. Comparative and Evolutionary Aspects of Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone and FMRFamide-Like Peptide Systems. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:747. [PMID: 30405335 PMCID: PMC6200920 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that was found in the brain of Japanese quail when investigating the existence of RFamide peptides in birds. GnIH was named because it decreased gonadotropin release from cultured anterior pituitary, which was located in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system. GnIH and GnIH precursor gene related peptides have a characteristic C-terminal LPXRFamide (X = L or Q) motif that is conserved in jawed vertebrates. Orthologous peptides to GnIH are also named RFamide related peptide or LPXRFamide peptide from their structure. A G-protein coupled receptor GPR147 is the primary receptor for GnIH. Similarity-based clustering of neuropeptide precursors in metazoan species indicates that GnIH precursor of vertebrates is evolutionarily related to FMRFamide precursor of mollusk and nematode. FMRFamide peptide is the first RFamide peptide that was identified from the ganglia of the venus clam. In order to infer the evolutionary history of the GnIH-GnIH receptor system we investigate the structural similarities between GnIH and its receptor and well-studied nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) FMRFamide-like peptides (FLPs) and their receptors. We also compare the functions of FLPs of nematode with GnIH of chordates. A multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses of GnIH, neuropeptide FF (NPFF), a paralogous peptide of GnIH, and FLP precursors have shown that GnIH and NPFF precursors belong to different clades and some FLP precursors have structural similarities to either precursor. The peptide coding regions of FLP precursors in the same clade align well with those of GnIH or NPFF precursors. Alignment of GnIH (LPXRFa) peptides of chordates and FLPs of C. elegans grouped the peptides into five groups according to the last C-terminal amino acid sequences, which were MRFa, LRFa, VRFa, IRFa, and PQRFa. Phylogenetic analysis of receptors suggested that GPR147 has evolutionary relationships with FLP receptors, which regulate reproduction, aggression, locomotion, and feeding. GnIH and some FLPs mediate the effect of stress on reproduction and behavior, which may also be a conserved property of these peptide systems. Future studies are needed to investigate the mechanism of how neuropeptide precursor genes are mutated to evolve new neuropeptides and their inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayoshi Ubuka
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tsutsui
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Japan
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5
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Lee DA, Andreev A, Truong TV, Chen A, Hill AJ, Oikonomou G, Pham U, Hong YK, Tran S, Glass L, Sapin V, Engle J, Fraser SE, Prober DA. Genetic and neuronal regulation of sleep by neuropeptide VF. eLife 2017; 6:25727. [PMID: 29106375 PMCID: PMC5705210 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential and phylogenetically conserved behavioral state, but it remains unclear to what extent genes identified in invertebrates also regulate vertebrate sleep. RFamide-related neuropeptides have been shown to promote invertebrate sleep, and here we report that the vertebrate hypothalamic RFamide neuropeptide VF (NPVF) regulates sleep in the zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate. We found that NPVF signaling and npvf-expressing neurons are both necessary and sufficient to promote sleep, that mature peptides derived from the NPVF preproprotein promote sleep in a synergistic manner, and that stimulation of npvf-expressing neurons induces neuronal activity levels consistent with normal sleep. These results identify NPVF signaling and npvf-expressing neurons as a novel vertebrate sleep-promoting system and suggest that RFamide neuropeptides participate in an ancient and central aspect of sleep control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Lee
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Andrey Andreev
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Thai V Truong
- Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Audrey Chen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Andrew J Hill
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Grigorios Oikonomou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Uyen Pham
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Young K Hong
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Steven Tran
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Laura Glass
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Viveca Sapin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Jae Engle
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
| | - Scott E Fraser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States.,Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - David A Prober
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, United States
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Waqas SFH, Hoang AC, Lin YT, Ampem G, Azegrouz H, Balogh L, Thuróczy J, Chen JC, Gerling IC, Nam S, Lim JS, Martinez-Ibañez J, Real JT, Paschke S, Quillet R, Ayachi S, Simonin F, Schneider EM, Brinkman JA, Lamming DW, Seroogy CM, Röszer T. Neuropeptide FF increases M2 activation and self-renewal of adipose tissue macrophages. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2842-2854. [PMID: 28581443 DOI: 10.1172/jci90152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantity and activation state of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) impact the development of obesity-induced metabolic diseases. Appetite-controlling hormones play key roles in obesity; however, our understanding of their effects on ATMs is limited. Here, we have shown that human and mouse ATMs express NPFFR2, a receptor for the appetite-reducing neuropeptide FF (NPFF), and that NPFFR2 expression is upregulated by IL-4, an M2-polarizing cytokine. Plasma levels of NPFF decreased in obese patients and high-fat diet-fed mice and increased following caloric restriction. NPFF promoted M2 activation and increased the proliferation of murine and human ATMs. Both M2 activation and increased ATM proliferation were abolished in NPFFR2-deficient ATMs. Mechanistically, the effects of NPFF involved the suppression of E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF128 expression, resulting in enhanced stability of phosphorylated STAT6 and increased transcription of the M2 macrophage-associated genes IL-4 receptor α (Il4ra), arginase 1 (Arg1), IL-10 (Il10), and alkylglycerol monooxygenase (Agmo). NPFF induced ATM proliferation concomitantly with the increase in N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (Ndrg2) expression and suppressed the transcription of Ifi200 cell-cycle inhibitor family members and MAF bZIP transcription factor B (Mafb), a negative regulator of macrophage proliferation. NPFF thus plays an important role in supporting healthy adipose tissue via the maintenance of metabolically beneficial ATMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anh Cuong Hoang
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ya-Tin Lin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Grace Ampem
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hind Azegrouz
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lajos Balogh
- National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Jin-Chung Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ivan C Gerling
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sorim Nam
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juncal Martinez-Ibañez
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de València, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Valencia, Spain
| | - José T Real
- Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de València, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Valencia, Spain
| | - Stephan Paschke
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Raphaëlle Quillet
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Safia Ayachi
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Simonin
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - E Marion Schneider
- Division of Experimental Anesthesiology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jacqueline A Brinkman
- University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christine M Seroogy
- University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tamás Röszer
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Quillet R, Ayachi S, Bihel F, Elhabazi K, Ilien B, Simonin F. RF-amide neuropeptides and their receptors in Mammals: Pharmacological properties, drug development and main physiological functions. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 160:84-132. [PMID: 26896564 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RF-amide neuropeptides, with their typical Arg-Phe-NH2 signature at their carboxyl C-termini, belong to a lineage of peptides that spans almost the entire life tree. Throughout evolution, RF-amide peptides and their receptors preserved fundamental roles in reproduction and feeding, both in Vertebrates and Invertebrates. The scope of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the RF-amide systems in Mammals from historical aspects to therapeutic opportunities. Taking advantage of the most recent findings in the field, special focus will be given on molecular and pharmacological properties of RF-amide peptides and their receptors as well as on their implication in the control of different physiological functions including feeding, reproduction and pain. Recent progress on the development of drugs that target RF-amide receptors will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Quillet
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Safia Ayachi
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Bihel
- Laboratoire Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Khadija Elhabazi
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Brigitte Ilien
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Simonin
- Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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Ayachi S, Simonin F. Involvement of Mammalian RF-Amide Peptides and Their Receptors in the Modulation of Nociception in Rodents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:158. [PMID: 25324831 PMCID: PMC4183120 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian RF-amide peptides, which all share a conserved carboxyl-terminal Arg-Phe-NH2 sequence, constitute a family of five groups of neuropeptides that are encoded by five different genes. They act through five G-protein-coupled receptors and each group of peptide binds to and activates mostly one receptor: RF-amide related peptide group binds to NPFFR1, neuropeptide FF group to NPFFR2, pyroglutamylated RF-amide peptide group to QRFPR, prolactin-releasing peptide group to prolactin-releasing peptide receptor, and kisspeptin group to Kiss1R. These peptides and their receptors have been involved in the modulation of several functions including reproduction, feeding, and cardiovascular regulation. Data from the literature now provide emerging evidence that all RF-amide peptides and their receptors are also involved in the modulation of nociception. This review will present the current knowledge on the involvement in rodents of the different mammalian RF-amide peptides and their receptors in the modulation of nociception in basal and chronic pain conditions as well as their modulatory effects on the analgesic effects of opiates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Ayachi
- UMR 7242 CNRS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Frédéric Simonin
- UMR 7242 CNRS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- *Correspondence: Frédéric Simonin, UMR 7242 CNRS, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, Illkirch 67412, France e-mail:
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Parhar I, Ogawa S, Kitahashi T. RFamide peptides as mediators in environmental control of GnRH neurons. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 98:176-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Osugi T, Daukss D, Gazda K, Ubuka T, Kosugi T, Nozaki M, Sower SA, Tsutsui K. Evolutionary origin of the structure and function of gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone: insights from lampreys. Endocrinology 2012; 153:2362-74. [PMID: 22454150 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-2046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gonadotropin (GTH)-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) is a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide that inhibits GTH secretion in mammals and birds by acting on gonadotropes and GnRH neurons within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. GnIH and its orthologs that have an LPXRFamide (X = L or Q) motif at the C terminus (LPXRFamide peptides) have been identified in representative species of gnathostomes. However, the identity of an LPXRFamide peptide had yet to be identified in agnathans, the most ancient lineage of vertebrates, leaving open the question of the evolutionary origin of GnIH and its ancestral function(s). In this study, we identified an LPXRFamide peptide gene encoding three peptides (LPXRFa-1a, LPXRFa-1b, and LPXRFa-2) from the brain of sea lamprey by synteny analysis and cDNA cloning, and the mature peptides by immunoaffinity purification and mass spectrometry. The expression of lamprey LPXRFamide peptide precursor mRNA was localized in the brain and gonad by RT-PCR and in the hypothalamus by in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemistry showed appositions of lamprey LPXRFamide peptide immunoreactive fibers in close proximity to GnRH-III neurons, suggesting that lamprey LPXRFamide peptides act on GnRH-III neurons. In addition, lamprey LPXRFa-2 stimulated the expression of lamprey GnRH-III protein in the hypothalamus and GTHβ mRNA expression in the pituitary. Synteny and phylogenetic analyses suggest that the LPXRFamide peptide gene diverged from a common ancestral gene likely through gene duplication in the basal vertebrates. These results suggest that one ancestral function of LPXRFamide peptides may be stimulatory compared with the inhibitory function seen in later-evolved vertebrates (birds and mammals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Osugi
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology, Waseda University, Center for Medical Life Science of Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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Osugi T, Uchida K, Nozaki M, Tsutsui K. Characterization of novel RFamide peptides in the central nervous system of the brown hagfish: isolation, localization, and functional analysis. Endocrinology 2011; 152:4252-64. [PMID: 21862614 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
RFamide (RFa) peptides play various important roles in the central nervous system in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, there is no evidence of the existence of any RFamide peptide in the brain of hagfish, one of the oldest lineages of vertebrates. In this study, we sought to identify novel RFamide peptides from the brains of hagfish (Paramyxine atami). We identified four novel RFamide peptides, which had the C-terminal Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2 structure. cDNA cloning revealed that the identified RFamide peptides are encoded in two types of cDNA. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the two precursors indicated that the hagfish RFamide peptides belong to the PQRFamide peptide group that includes mammalian neuropeptide FF and AF. Based on immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, hagfish PQRFamide peptide precursor mRNA and its translated peptides were localized in the infundibular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Immunoreactive fibers were terminated on blood vessels in the infundibular nucleus. Dense immunoreactive fibers were also observed in other brain regions. We further showed that one of the hagfish PQRFamide peptides significantly stimulated the expression of gonadotropin-β mRNA in the cultured hagfish pituitary. These results indicate that the control mechanism of gonadotropin expression by a hypothalamic neuropeptide evolved in the agnathan brain. This is the first evidence describing the identification of RFamide peptides in the hagfish brain. This is also the first report showing the regulation of gonadotropin expression by a homolog of neuropeptide FF that belongs to the PQRFamide peptide group in any vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Osugi
- Laboratory of Integrative Brain Sciences, Department of Biology, Waseda University, Center for Medical Life Science of Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-.ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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12
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Abstract
AbstractThe decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the primary factor responsible for the hypothalamic control of gonadotropin (GTH) secretion. This review focuses on a family of neuropeptides, LPXRFamide (LPXRFa) peptides, which have been implicated in the regulation of GTH secretion. LPXRFa acts on the pituitary via a G protein-coupled receptor, LPXRFa-R, to enhance gonadal development and maintenance by increasing gonadotropin release and synthesis. Because LPXRFa exists and functions in several fish species, LPXRFa is considered to be a key neurohormone in fish reproduction control. The precursors to LPXRFamide peptides encoded plural LPXRFamide peptides and were highly divergent in vertebrates, particularly in lower vertebrates. Tissue distribution analyses indicated that LPXRFamide peptides were highly concentrated in the hypothalamus and other brainstem regions. In view of the localization and expression of LPXRFamide peptides in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system, LPXRFamide peptide in fish increase GTH release in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes the advances made in our understanding of the biosynthesis, mode of action and functional significance of LPXRFa, a newly discovered key neurohormone.
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Talmont F, Moulédous L, Piedra-Garcia L, Schmitt M, Bihel F, Bourguignon JJ, Zajac JM, Mollereau C. Pharmacological characterization of the mouse NPFF2 receptor. Peptides 2010; 31:215-20. [PMID: 19944730 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the binding and functional properties of the mouse NPFF(2) (mNPFF(2)) receptor, in comparison with its human counterpart (hNPFF(2)). Binding experiments were performed by using the NPFF(2) selective radioligand [(3)H]-EYF in membranes from CHO cells transfected with mouse and human NPFF(2) receptors and compared to membranes from mouse olfactory bulb, the brain region expressing the highest density of NPFF(2) receptors in mouse. mNPFF(2) receptors exhibited a high affinity (Kd=0.2-0.4 nM) for [(3)H]-EYF, comparable to that of hNPFF(2) receptors. Also, the binding selectivity profile of mNPFF(2) receptors was comparable to that of hNPFF(2) receptors, except for three ligands (NPSF, NPVF, RF9) that were about tenfold more potent and active on mouse receptors than on human receptors. In particular, compared to hNPFF(2) receptors, mNPFF(2) receptors were less discriminative towards the proNPFF(B)-derived peptide. This suggests some species-related differences in the binding properties of NPFF(2) receptors that could have repercussion when evaluating the pharmacological properties of drugs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Talmont
- CNRS/IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
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A new key neurohormone controlling reproduction, gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH): Biosynthesis, mode of action and functional significance. Prog Neurobiol 2009; 88:76-88. [PMID: 19428963 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Identification of novel neurohormones that play important roles in the regulation of pituitary function is essential for the progress of neurobiology. The decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the primary factor responsible for the hypothalamic control of gonadotropin secretion. Gonadal sex steroids and inhibin inhibit gonadotropin secretion via feedback from the gonads, but a neuropeptide inhibitor of gonadotropin secretion was, until recently, unknown in vertebrates. In 2000, a novel hypothalamic dodecapeptide that inhibits gonadotropin release was identified in quail and termed gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH). This was the first demonstration of a hypothalamic neuropeptide inhibiting gonadotropin release in any vertebrate. GnIH acts on the pituitary and GnRH neurons in the hypothalamus via a novel G protein-coupled receptor for GnIH to inhibit gonadal development and maintenance by decreasing gonadotropin release and synthesis. GnIH neurons express the melatonin receptor and melatonin stimulates the expression of GnIH. Because GnIH exists and functions in several avian species, GnIH is considered to be a new key neurohormone controlling avian reproduction. From a broader perspective, subsequently the presence of GnIH homologous peptides has been demonstrated in other vertebrates. Mammalian GnIH homologous peptides also act to inhibit reproduction by decreasing gonadotropin release in several mammalian species. Thus, the discovery of GnIH has opened the door to a new research field in reproductive neurobiology. This review summarizes the advances made in our understanding of the biosynthesis, mode of action and functional significance of GnIH, a newly discovered key neurohormone, and its homologous peptides.
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Goncharuk V, Jhamandas JH. Neuropeptide FF2 receptor distribution in the human brain. An immunohistochemical study. Peptides 2008; 29:1544-53. [PMID: 18565622 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human neuropeptide FF2 (hFF2) receptor has been postulated to mediate central autonomic regulation by virtue of its ability to bind with high affinity to many amidated neuropeptides. In the present immunohistochemical study, we identified hFF2 positive neurons in the forebrain and medulla oblongata of individuals, who died suddenly of mechanical trauma or hypothermia. Morphologically, these neurons demonstrated features identified with both projection neurons and interneurons. In the forebrain, the highest density of hFF2 expressing neurons was observed in the anterior amygdaloid area and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, especially in its caudal part. A lesser density of hFF2 neurons was identified in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, lateral and posterior hypothalamic areas whereas few cells were visualized in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, perifornical nucleus, horizontal limb of the diagonal band, ventral division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, nucleus basalis of Meynert and ventral tegmental area. In the medulla, significant numbers of hFF2 neurons were observed in the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus and to a lesser extent in the area of catecholaminergic cell groups, A1/C1. These data provide first immunohistochemical evidence of hFF2 localization in the human brain, which is consistent with that reported for tissue distribution of FF2 mRNA and FF2 binding sites within the brain of a variety of mammalian species. The distribution of hFF2 may help in identifying the role of amidated neuropeptides in the human brain within the context of central autonomic and neuroendocrine regulation.
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Schanuel SM, Bell KA, Henderson SC, McQuiston AR. Heterologous expression of the invertebrate FMRFamide-gated sodium channel as a mechanism to selectively activate mammalian neurons. Neuroscience 2008; 155:374-86. [PMID: 18598740 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been directed toward the development of methods to selectively activate specific subtypes of neurons. Focus has been placed on the heterologous expression of proteins that are capable of exciting neurons in which they are expressed. Here we describe the heterologous expression of the invertebrate FMRFamide (H-phenylalanine-methionine-arginine-phenylalanine-NH2) -gated sodium channel from Helix aspersa (HaFaNaC) in hippocampal slice cultures. HaFaNaC was co-expressed with a fluorescent protein (green fluorescent protein (GFP), red fluorescent protein from Discosoma sp (dsRed) or mutated form of red fluorescent protein from Discosoma sp (tdTomato)) in CA3 pyramidal neurons of rat hippocampal slice cultures using single cell electroporation. Pressure application of the agonist FMRFamide to HaFaNaC-expressing neuronal somata produced large prolonged depolarizations and bursts of action potentials (APs). FMRFamide responses were inhibited by amiloride (100 microM). In contrast, pressure application of FMRFamide to the axons of neurons expressing HaFaNaC produced no response. Fusion of GFP to the N-terminus of HaFaNaC showed that GFP-HaFaNaC was absent from axons. Bath application of FMRFamide produced persistent AP firing in HaFaNaC-expressing neurons. This FMRFamide-induced increase in the frequency of APs was dose-dependent. The concentrations of FMRFamide required to activate HaFaNaC-expressing neurons were below that required to activate the homologous acid sensing ion channel normally found in mammalian neurons. Furthermore, the mammalian neuropeptides neuropeptide FF and RFamide-related peptide-1, which have amidated RF C-termini, did not affect HaFaNaC-expressing neurons. Antagonists of NPFF receptors (BIBP3226) also had no effect on HaFaNaC. Therefore, we suggest that heterologous-expression of HaFaNaC in mammalian neurons could be a useful method to selectively and persistently excite specific subtypes of neurons in intact nervous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Schanuel
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Saz JM, Marina ML. Application of micro- and nano-HPLC to the determination and characterization of bioactive and biomarker peptides. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:446-58. [PMID: 18266259 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the works published since 2001 (included) on the micro/nano-HPLC analysis of bioactive and biomarker peptides. The main achievements related to the improvement of the detection sensitivity, quantitation repeatability and reproducibility, and separation selectivity are highlighted. A wide attention is paid to the application of micro/nano-HPLC to the analysis of bioactive peptides in biological matrices. The uses of micro/nano-HPLC in peptidomics to discover new endogenous bioactive peptides and to develop quantitation procedures to compare the levels of peptides of interest in two different biological samples are also considered. Finally, the application of micro/nano-HPLC to the analysis of biomarker peptides for various diseases is also included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Saz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Yang HYT, Tao T, Iadarola MJ. Modulatory role of neuropeptide FF system in nociception and opiate analgesia. Neuropeptides 2008; 42:1-18. [PMID: 17854890 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2007.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The tetra-peptide FMRF-NH(2) is a cardioexcitatory peptide in the clam. Using the antibody against this peptide, FMRF-NH(2)-like immunoreactive material was detected in mammalian CNS. Subsequently, mammalian FMRF-NH(2) immunoreactive peptides were isolated from bovine brain and characterized to be FLFQPQRF-NH(2) (NPFF) and AGEGLSSPFWSLAAPQRF-NH(2) (NPAF). The genes encoding NPFF precursor proteins and NPFF receptors 1 and 2 are expressed in all vertebrate species examined to date and are highly conserved. Among many biological roles suggested for the NPFF system, the possible modulatory role of NPFF in nocicetion and opiate analgesia has been most widely investigated. Pharmacologically, NPFF-related peptides were found to exhibit analgesia and also potentiate the analgesic activity of opiates when administered intrathecally but attenuate the opiate induced analgesia when administered intracerebroventricularly. RF-NH(2) peptides including NPFF-related peptides were found to delay the rate of acid sensing ion channels (ASIC) desensitization resulting in enhancing acid gated currents, raising the possibility that NPFF also may have a pain modulatory role through ASIC. The genes for NPFF as well as NPFF-R2, preferred receptor for NPFF, are highly unevenly expressed in the rat CNS with the highest levels localized to the superficial layers of the dorsal spinal cord. These two genes are also present in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), though at low levels in normal rats. NPFF and NPFF-R2 mRNAs were found to be coordinately up-regulated in spinal cord and DRG of rats with peripheral inflammation. In addition, NPFF-R2 immunoreactivity in the primary afferents was increased by peripheral inflammation. The findings from the early studies on the analgesic and morphine modulating activities suggested a role for NPFF in pain modulation and this possibility is further supported by the distribution of NPFF and its receptor and the regulation of the NPFF system in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ying T Yang
- Neurobiology and Pain Therapeutics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-4410, USA.
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Tarnaris A, Watkins LD, Kitchen ND. Biomarkers in chronic adult hydrocephalus. Cerebrospinal Fluid Res 2006; 3:11. [PMID: 17020616 PMCID: PMC1617118 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8454-3-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Awareness of the importance of chronic adult hydrocephalus has been raised again with the recent emergence of epidemiological studies. It is estimated that between 5 and 10% of patients suffering from dementia might, in fact, have chronic hydrocephalus. Although, surgical diversion of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) represents the only known procedure able to treat the symptoms of this condition, the selection of surgical patients has always been problematic. In the last 40 years, we have become wiser in using appropriate diagnostic tests for the selection of these patients; however, the area of biological markers has so far been overlooked in this condition, in contrast to that for other neurodegenerative disorders and dementias. Biomarkers are biological substances that may be used to indicate either the onset or the presence, and the progression of a clinical condition, being closely linked to its pathophysiology. In such a setting they might assist in the more appropriate selection of patients for shunt surgery. In this article, we have reviewed research carried out in the last 25 years regarding the identification of serum and CSF biomarkers for chronic hydrocephalus, discussed the potential for each one, and finally discussed the limitations for use, as well as future directions and possibilities in this field. It is concluded that tumour-necrosis factor, tau protein, lactate, sulfatide and neurofilament triple protein are the most promising CSF markers for chronic hydrocephalus. At present however, none of these meet the criteria required to justify a change clinical practice. In the future, collaborative multi-centre projects will be needed to obtain more substantial data that overcome the problems that arise from small individual and uncoordinated studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tarnaris
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Laurence D Watkins
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Neil D Kitchen
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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Jhamandas K, Milne B, Sutak M, Gouarderes C, Zajac JM, Yang HYT. Facilitation of spinal morphine analgesia in normal and morphine tolerant animals by neuropeptide SF and related peptides. Peptides 2006; 27:953-63. [PMID: 16515821 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide FF and related synthetic amidated peptides have been shown to elicit sustained anti-nociceptive responses and potently augment spinal anti-nociceptive actions of spinal morphine in tests of thermal and mechanical nociception. Recent studies have described the occurrence of another octapeptide, neuropeptide SF (NPSF) in the spinal cord and the cerebrospinal fluid and demonstrated its affinity for the NPFF receptors. This study examined the effects of NPSF and two putative precursor peptides, EFW-NPSF and NPAF, on the spinal actions of morphine in normal and opioid tolerant rats using the tailflick and pawpressure tests. In normal rats, NPSF demonstrated weak intrinsic activity but sub-effective doses of the peptide significantly increased the magnitude and duration of spinal morphine anti-nociception in both tests. A low-dose of NPSF also augmented the spinal actions of a delta receptor agonist, deltorphin. The morphine-potentiating effect of NPSF was shared by EFW-NPSF and the octadecapeptide NPAF. In animal rendered tolerant by continuous intrathecal infusion of morphine for 6 days, low dose NPSF itself elicited a significant anti-nociceptive response and potently increased morphine-induced response in both tests. In animals made tolerant by repeated injections of intrathecal morphine, administration of NPSF, EFW-NPSF, and NPAF with morphine reversed the loss of the anti-nociceptive effect and restored the agonist potency. The results demonstrate that in normal animals NPSF and related peptides exert strong potentiating effect on morphine anti-nociception at the spinal level and in tolerant animals these agents can reverse the loss of morphine potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jhamandas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ont., Canada K7L 3N6.
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21
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Yang HYT, Iadarola MJ. Modulatory roles of the NPFF system in pain mechanisms at the spinal level. Peptides 2006; 27:943-52. [PMID: 16443306 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 06/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The possible roles of the NPFF system in pain processing are summarized from the viewpoints of (1) biological activities of NPFF, (2) anatomical distribution of NPFF and its receptor(s) and (3) the regulation of NPFF and receptor(s) in animal models of pain. NPFF and NPFF analogues were found to have analgesic, pronociceptive and morphine modulating activities. Since the isolation of NPFF, several other RF-NH2 peptides have been identified and some of them were found to have nociceptive or morphine modulating activity. Depending on the pharmacological doses and locations of administration, NPFF may exhibit the biological activities of other structurally related RF-NH2 peptides thus complicating NPFF bioactivity studies and their interpretation. Acid sensing ion channels were found to respond to RF-NH2 peptides including NPFF, raising the possibility that interaction of NPFF and acid sensing ion channels can modulate nociceptive activity. NPFF and NPFF receptor mRNAs are highly expressed and localized in the superficial layers of the dorsal cord, the two genes are also in dorsal root ganglia though at much lower level. The spinal NPFF system is up-regulated by peripheral inflammation in the rat. Furthermore, immunohistochemically, NPFF receptor 2-protein was demonstrated to be increased in the primary afferents in the spinal cord of rats with peripheral inflammation. Regulation and localization of spinal NPFF systems, taken together with the analgesic bioactivity of intrathecally administered NPFF, strongly suggest involvement of spinal NPFF system in pain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ying T Yang
- Neuronal Gene Expression Section, Pain and Neurosensory Mechanisms Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4410, USA.
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22
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Osugi T, Ukena K, Sower SA, Kawauchi H, Tsutsui K. Evolutionary origin and divergence of PQRFamide peptides and LPXRFamide peptides in the RFamide peptide family. Insights from novel lamprey RFamide peptides. FEBS J 2006; 273:1731-43. [PMID: 16623709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Among the RFamide peptide groups, PQRFamide peptides, such as neuropeptide FF (NPFF) and neuropeptide AF (NPAF), share a common C-terminal Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH(2) motif. LPXRFamide (X = L or Q) peptides, such as gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), frog growth hormone-releasing peptide (fGRP), goldfish LPXRFamide peptide and mammalian RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs), also share a C-terminal Leu-Pro-Leu/Gln-Arg-Phe-NH(2) motif. Such a similar C-terminal structure suggests that these two groups may have diverged from a common ancestral gene. In this study, we sought to clarify the evolutionary origin and divergence of these two groups, by identifying novel RFamide peptides from the brain of sea lamprey, one of only two extant groups of the oldest lineage of vertebrates, Agnatha. A novel lamprey RFamide peptide was identified by immunoaffinity purification using the antiserum against LPXRFamide peptide. The lamprey RFamide peptide did not contain a C-terminal LPXRFamide motif, but had the sequence SWGAPAEKFWMRAMPQRFamide (lamprey PQRFa). A cDNA of the precursor encoded one lamprey PQRFa and two related peptides. These related peptides, which also had the C-terminal PQRFamide motif, were further identified as mature endogenous ligands. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that lamprey PQRFamide peptide precursor belongs to the PQRFamide peptide group. In situ hybridization demonstrated that lamprey PQRFamide peptide mRNA is expressed in the regions predicted to be involved in neuroendocrine and behavioral functions. This is the first demonstration of the presence of RFamide peptides in the agnathan brain. Lamprey PQRFamide peptides are considered to have retained the most ancestral features of PQRFamide peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Osugi
- Laboratory of Brain Science, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Ukena K, Tsutsui K. A new member of the hypothalamic RF-amide peptide family, LPXRF-amide peptides: structure, localization, and function. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2005; 24:469-486. [PMID: 15389843 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we identified a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide with a C-terminal LPLRF-amide sequence in the quail brain. This avian neuropeptide was shown to inhibit gonadotropin release from the cultured anterior pituitary. This peptide is the first hypothalamic peptide that inhibited gonadotropin release reported in vertebrates. We, therefore, termed it gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH). After this finding, we found that GnIH-related peptides were present in the brains of other vertebrates, such as mammals, amphibians, and fish. These GnIH-related peptides possessed a LPXRF-amide (X=L or Q) motif at their C-termini in all investigated animals. Mass spectrometric analyses combined with immunoaffinity chromatography were powerful techniques for the identification of mature endogenous LPXRF-amide peptides. The identified LPXRF-amide peptides were found to be localized in the hypothalamus and brainstem areas, and to regulate pituitary hormone release. Subsequently, cDNAs that encode LPXRF-amide peptides were characterized in vertebrate brains. In this review, we summarize the identification, localization, and function of a new member of the hypothalamic RF-amide peptide family, LPXRF-amide peptides in vertebrates. Recent studies on the receptors for LPXRF-amide peptides will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Ukena
- Laboratory of Brain Science, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan.
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Yano T, Iijima N, Hinuma S, Tanaka M, Ibata Y. Developmental expression of RFamide-related peptides in the rat central nervous system. BRAIN RESEARCH. DEVELOPMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH 2004; 152:109-20. [PMID: 15351498 DOI: 10.1016/j.devbrainres.2004.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
RFamide-related peptides (RFRP-1 and RFRP-3) have been recently identified in mammals and considered to play significant functional roles in the rat brain. In this study, we report the developmental expression of RFRP mRNA and its immunoreactive neuronal cells and fibers in the rat brain. The RFRP mRNA was expressed in the brain from embryonic day 15 (E15) according to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. We first detected RFRP mRNA expressing neurons in the caudal portion of the hypothalamus at E16 by in situ hybridization analysis. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that RFRP-3 or RFRP-1 immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were first detected at E16 or E17, respectively. Double-labeling fluorescent immunohistochemical analysis showed that neurons containing both RFRP-1 immunoreactivity (ir) and RFRP-3-ir were detected from E18. We also detected RFRP-1 immunoreactive nerve fiber processes in the forebrain, hypothalamus, thalamus, midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata at prenatal day and the distribution of RFRP-1 immunoreactive nerve fibers in postnatal day 0 (P0) were almost coincident with that in adult. However, localization of RFRP-3 immunoreactive nerve fibers was limited around the RFRP-3 immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies during prenatal days. The distribution of RFRP-3 immunoreactive nerve fibers was first detected in the above areas at P0. The nerve fibers containing only RFRP-3-ir in the thalamus or spinal cord were first appeared at P21 or P28. Our results show that RFRP mRNA was expressed during the neonates and the distribution of RFRP-1 or RFRP-3 immunoreactive nerve fibers would be distinctly regulated in the developing rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Yano
- Pharmacology Research Laboratories I, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd., 2-17-85 Juso-Honmachi, Yodogawaku, Osaka 532-8686, Japan
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Quelven I, Roussin A, Zajac JM. Functional consequences of neuropeptide FF receptors stimulation in mouse: a cerebral glucose uptake study. Neuroscience 2004; 126:441-9. [PMID: 15207362 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The brain substrates involved in the pharmacological effects of neuropeptide FF (NPFF, Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2) including interactions with opioid systems, were investigated with the [14C]-2-deoxyglucose ([14C]-2-DG) autoradiography technique in mouse. The changes in cerebral activity were mapped after i.p. administration of 1DMe ([D-Tyr1,(NMe)Phe3]NPFF; 70 mg/kg), a neuropeptide FF analogue partially resistant to peptidases, alone or in combination with morphine (15 mg/kg). 1DMe induced a rapid decrease in the cerebral activity in the thalamus, the pontine reticular nuclei and the cerebellar cortex, brain regions involved in the control of motor activity and/or the processing of sensory data. This decrease, observed when 1DMe was administered 5 min before [14C]-2-DG, was reversed by morphine, which was devoid of significant effect at this time. When administered 30 min before the radioisotope, 1DMe was without effect, whereas morphine induced a significant increase in cerebral glucose utilization in the caudate putamen, the primary somatosensory cortex, the thalamus, the superior colliculus, the pontine reticular nuclei and the spinal cord. The association of morphine and 1DMe significantly increased cerebral glucose utilization in the same regions as morphine alone and also in three additional regions: the auditory cortex, the inferior colliculus and the dorsomedial periaqueductal gray. Following systemic administration, 1DMe and morphine modulated cerebral activity in brain regions involved in pain transmission and motor control, but their effects were temporally shifted, as were their effects on horizontal locomotor activity. However, neuropeptide FF-induced changes in brain activity were modulated in part by opioid receptors activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Quelven
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS UMR 5089, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
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Bonnard E, Burlet-Schiltz O, Monsarrat B, Girard JP, Zajac JM. Identification of proNeuropeptide FFA peptides processed in neuronal and non-neuronal cells and in nervous tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 270:4187-99. [PMID: 14519131 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Peptides which should be generated from the neuropeptide FF (NPFF) precursor were identified in a neuronal (human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y) cell line and in COS-7 cells after transient transfection of the human proNPFFA cDNA and were compared with those detected in the mouse spinal cord. After reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography of soluble material, NPFF-related peptides were immunodetected with antisera raised against NPFF and identified by using on-line capillary liquid chromatography/nanospray ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. Neuronal and non-neuronal cells generated different peptides from the same precursor. In addition to NPFF, SQA-NPFF (Ser-Gln-Ala-Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-amide) and NPAF were identified in the human neuroblastoma while only NPFF was clearly identified in COS-7 cells. In mouse, in addition to previously detected NPFF and NPSF, SPA-NPFF (Ser-Pro-Ala-Phe-Leu-Phe-Gln-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-amide), the homologous peptide of SQA-NPFF, were characterized. These data on intracellular processing of proNeuropeptide FFA are discussed in regard to the known enzymatic processing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Bonnard
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2003; 38:588-595. [PMID: 12794882 DOI: 10.1002/jms.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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