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Zhang Y, Sun M, Zhao H, Wang Z, Shi Y, Dong J, Wang K, Wang X, Li X, Qi H, Zhao X. Neuroprotective Effects and Therapeutic Potential of Dichloroacetate: Targeting Metabolic Disorders in Nervous System Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7559-7581. [PMID: 38106446 PMCID: PMC10725694 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s439728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA) is an investigational drug used to treat lactic acidosis and malignant tumours. It works by inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and increasing the rate of glucose oxidation. Some studies have documented the neuroprotective benefits of DCA. By reviewing these studies, this paper shows that DCA has multiple pharmacological activities, including regulating metabolism, ameliorating oxidative stress, attenuating neuroinflammation, inhibiting apoptosis, decreasing autophagy, protecting the blood‒brain barrier, improving the function of endothelial progenitor cells, improving mitochondrial dynamics, and decreasing amyloid β-protein. In addition, DCA inhibits the enzyme that metabolizes it, which leads to peripheral neurotoxicity due to drug accumulation that may be solved by individualized drug delivery and nanovesicle delivery. In summary, in this review, we analyse the mechanisms of neuroprotection by DCA in different diseases and discuss the causes of and solutions to its adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxiang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Dong
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaifang Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shanxi Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingyue Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Skeletal Muscle Metabolism: Origin or Prognostic Factor for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Development? Cells 2021; 10:cells10061449. [PMID: 34207859 PMCID: PMC8226541 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive and selective loss of motor neurons, amyotrophy and skeletal muscle paralysis usually leading to death due to respiratory failure. While generally considered an intrinsic motor neuron disease, data obtained in recent years, including our own, suggest that motor neuron protection is not sufficient to counter the disease. The dismantling of the neuromuscular junction is closely linked to chronic energy deficit found throughout the body. Metabolic (hypermetabolism and dyslipidemia) and mitochondrial alterations described in patients and murine models of ALS are associated with the development and progression of disease pathology and they appear long before motor neurons die. It is clear that these metabolic changes participate in the pathology of the disease. In this review, we summarize these changes seen throughout the course of the disease, and the subsequent impact of glucose–fatty acid oxidation imbalance on disease progression. We also highlight studies that show that correcting this loss of metabolic flexibility should now be considered a major goal for the treatment of ALS.
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Royal jelly supplementation reduces skeletal muscle lipotoxicity and insulin resistance in aged obese rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:307-315. [PMID: 29960833 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) in aged rats is associated with several metabolic disorders. The mechanism of skeletal muscle lipotoxicity and insulin resistance (IR) is multi-factorial, but the exact mechanism of how aging affects these processes unknown. Royal jelly (RJ) is a dietary supplement with many physiological and pharmacological properties. No previous studies have demonstrated the protective effects and mechanism of RJ in aged obese rats. OBJECTIVES The study was carried to investigate the effects of aging and HFD on skeletal muscles, and adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation, in aged rats, and whether RJ could combat such adverse effects. METHODOLOGY A total of 40 male rats were divided into5 groups; young rats fed a standard diet, aged rats fed a standard diet, aged rats fed RJ, aged rats fed a HFD, and aged rats fed both a HFD and RJ for 8 weeks. We investigated changes in body weights (BW), abdominal fat weights, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), muscle TG, and IR levels. Also, concentrations of TNF-α receptor 1(TNFR1) were estimated in the serum and adipose tissues. RESULTS Aged, obese rats showed increased BW, adipose weights, IR, and disturbed serum and muscle lipids. Also, TNFR1 was increased. Rats fed RJ showed decreased adiposity, improved lipids' profiles, improved IR, and decreased TNFR1. CONCLUSION Aging and HFD were associated with disturbed metabolism, and muscle lipotoxicity and inflammation, while RJ could counteract muscle lipotoxicity in rats and reduce IR, most likely due to an anti-inflammatory effect.
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Martins AR, Crisma AR, Masi LN, Amaral CL, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Bomfim LH, Teodoro BG, Queiroz AL, Serdan TD, Torres RP, Mancini-Filho J, Rodrigues AC, Alba-Loureiro TC, Pithon-Curi TC, Gorjao R, Silveira LR, Curi R, Newsholme P, Hirabara SM. Attenuation of obesity and insulin resistance by fish oil supplementation is associated with improved skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 55:76-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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de Oliveira da Silva B, Alberici LC, Ramos LF, Silva CM, da Silveira MB, Dechant CRP, Friedman SL, Sakane KK, Gonçalves LR, Moraes KCM. Altered global microRNA expression in hepatic stellate cells LX-2 by angiotensin-(1-7) and miRNA-1914-5p identification as regulator of pro-fibrogenic elements and lipid metabolism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018. [PMID: 29524604 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic strategies to control or reverse hepatic fibrosis requires thorough knowledge about its molecular and cellular basis. It is known that the heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7) [ang-(1-7)] can reduce hepatic fibrosis and steatosis in vivo; therefore, it is important to uncover the mechanisms regulating its activity and cellular model of investigation. Ang-(1-7) is a peptide of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and here we investigated its modulatory effect on the expression pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs) in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) LX-2, which transdifferentiate into fibrogenic and proliferative cells. We compared the miRNA profiles between quiesced, activated and ang-(1-7)-treated activated HSCs to identify miRNAs that may regulate their transdifferentiation. Thirteen miRNAs were pointed, and cellular and molecular analyses identified miRNA-1914-5p as a molecule that contributes to the effects of ang-(1-7) on lipid metabolism and on the pro-fibrotic environment control. In our cellular model, we also analyzed the regulators of fatty acid metabolism. Specifically, miRNA-1914-5p regulates the expression of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MLYCD) and phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (PAP or Lipin-1). Additionally, Lipin-1 was closely correlated with mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-α and -γ, which also contribute to lipid homeostasis and to the reduction of TGF-β1 expression. These findings provide a novel link between RAS and lipid metabolism in controlling HSCs activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda de Oliveira da Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Biologia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Carla Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Ferreira Ramos
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Mateus Silva
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Bonfogo da Silveira
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R P Dechant
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kumiko Koibuchi Sakane
- Institute of Research and Development of Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, UNIVAP, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rocha Gonçalves
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil.
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Fariña AC, Hirabara S, Sain J, González M, Curi R, Bernal C. Influence of trans fatty acids on glucose metabolism in soleus muscle of rats fed diets enriched in or deprived of linoleic acid. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1343-1355. [PMID: 28285433 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Industrial trans fatty acid (TFA) intake leads to impaired glucose metabolism. However, the overall effects reported are inconsistent and vary with the dietary FA composition and TFA isomer type and levels. We investigated TFA effects on glucose uptake, incorporation and oxidation, and glycogen synthesis in incubated soleus muscle under basal conditions or after treatment with insulin and/or palmitate. METHODS Male Wistar rats were fed either linoleic acid (LA)-enriched (+LA) or LA-deprived (-LA) diet, supplemented (+LA + TFA or -LA + TFA) or not with TFA, for 60 days. Soleus muscle glucose metabolism was assessed in the absence or presence of insulin and/or palmitic acid. RESULTS Under basal conditions, TFA enhanced glucose uptake and oxidation regardless of the LA status. Both TFA-supplemented groups had lower insulin response to glucose metabolism. Under insulin-stimulated conditions, TFA prevented the palmitate inhibition of muscle glucose uptake and metabolism in the +LA + TFA group. CONCLUSION Dietary TFA enhanced glucose utilization in incubated soleus muscle under basal conditions and prevented the palmitate-induced inhibition in insulin-stimulated conditions. However, TFA reduced the insulin response to glucose uptake and metabolism. The effects mentioned above were influenced by the FA profile modifications induced by the dietary LA levels, suggesting that lipid metabolization and incorporation into plasma membrane are important determining factors of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Fariña
- Cátedra Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sandro Hirabara
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sain
- Cátedra Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcela González
- Cátedra Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Human Health Sciences, Biological Sciences and Health Center, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Bernal
- Cátedra Bromatología y Nutrición, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, C.C. 242, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Palamiuc L, Schlagowski A, Ngo ST, Vernay A, Dirrig-Grosch S, Henriques A, Boutillier AL, Zoll J, Echaniz-Laguna A, Loeffler JP, René F. A metabolic switch toward lipid use in glycolytic muscle is an early pathologic event in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 7:526-46. [PMID: 25820275 PMCID: PMC4492815 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201404433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common fatal motor neuron disease in adults. Numerous studies indicate that ALS is a systemic disease that affects whole body physiology and metabolic homeostasis. Using a mouse model of the disease (SOD1G86R), we investigated muscle physiology and motor behavior with respect to muscle metabolic capacity. We found that at 65 days of age, an age described as asymptomatic, SOD1G86R mice presented with improved endurance capacity associated with an early inhibition in the capacity for glycolytic muscle to use glucose as a source of energy and a switch in fuel preference toward lipids. Indeed, in glycolytic muscles we showed progressive induction of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 expression. Phosphofructokinase 1 was inhibited, and the expression of lipid handling molecules was increased. This mechanism represents a chronic pathologic alteration in muscle metabolism that is exacerbated with disease progression. Further, inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 activity with dichloroacetate delayed symptom onset while improving mitochondrial dysfunction and ameliorating muscle denervation. In this study, we provide the first molecular basis for the particular sensitivity of glycolytic muscles to ALS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Palamiuc
- INSERM, U1118 Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg UMRS1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anna Schlagowski
- Equipe d'Accueil 3072, Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Fédération de Médecine Translationelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Pôle de Pathologie Thoracique Hôpitaux Universitaires, CHRU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shyuan T Ngo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Aurelia Vernay
- INSERM, U1118 Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg UMRS1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Dirrig-Grosch
- INSERM, U1118 Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg UMRS1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Henriques
- INSERM, U1118 Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg UMRS1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anne-Laurence Boutillier
- UMR7364 Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives, Faculté de Psychologie, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, GDR CNRS 2905, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joffrey Zoll
- Equipe d'Accueil 3072, Mitochondrie, Stress oxydant et Protection Musculaire, Fédération de Médecine Translationelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Pôle de Pathologie Thoracique Hôpitaux Universitaires, CHRU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Andoni Echaniz-Laguna
- INSERM, U1118 Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg UMRS1118, Strasbourg, France Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Loeffler
- INSERM, U1118 Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg UMRS1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédérique René
- INSERM, U1118 Mécanismes Centraux et Périphériques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg UMRS1118, Strasbourg, France
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Bei F, Jia J, Jia YQ, Sun JH, Liang F, Yu ZY, Cai W. Long-term effect of early postnatal overnutrition on insulin resistance and serum fatty acid profiles in male rats. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:96. [PMID: 26302954 PMCID: PMC4549095 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests that overnutrition during the early postnatal period, a critical window of development, increases the risk of adult-onset obesity and insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the impact of overnutrition during the suckling period on body weight, serum biochemistry and serum fatty acid metabolomics in male rats. Methods Rats raised in small litters (SL, 3 pups/dam) and normal litters (NL, 10 pups/dam) were used to model early postnatal overnutrition and control, respectively. Serum glucose, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, free fatty acid, insulin and leptin concentrations were assayed using standard biochemical techniques. Serum fatty acids were identified and quantified using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approach. mRNA and protein levels of key components of the insulin receptor signaling pathway were measured in epididymal fat and gastrocnemius muscle by quantitative PCR and western blotting. Results SL rats were 37.3 % and 15.1 % heavier than NL rats at weaning and 16-weeks-old, respectively. They had increased visceral fat mass, adult-onset insulin resistance and glucose intolerance as well as elevated serum levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides. All detectable fatty acids were elevated in the serum of SL pups at weaning compared to NL controls, and significant increases in the levels of four fatty acids (palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid and arachidonic acid) persisted into adulthood. Moreover, a significantly positive correlation was identified between an insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and concentrations of myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acid in serum at postnatal 16 weeks. Early postnatal overnutrition also resulted in a significant downregulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (Irs-1), protein kinase B (Akt2) and glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) at the protein level in epididymal fat of SL rats at 16 weeks, accompanied by decreased mRNA levels for Irs-1 and Glut4. In gastrocnemius muscle, Akt2 and Glut4 mRNA and Glut4 protein levels were significantly decreased in SL rats. Conclusions This study demonstrates that early postnatal overnutrition can have long-lasting effects on body weight and serum fatty acid profiles and can lead to impaired insulin signaling pathway in visceral white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, which may play a major role in IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Bei
- Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jia Jia
- Shanghai Center for Bioformation Technology, 1278 Keyuan Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yi-Qun Jia
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Fei Liang
- Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Zhong-Yi Yu
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, 4, Ireland.
| | - Wei Cai
- Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Fariña AC, Hirabara S, Sain J, Latorre ME, González M, Curi R, Bernal C. Conjugated linoleic acid improves glucose utilization in the soleus muscle of rats fed linoleic acid–enriched and linoleic acid–deprived diets. Nutr Res 2014; 34:1092-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Barbosa MR, Sampaio IH, Teodoro BG, Sousa TA, Zoppi CC, Queiroz AL, Passos MA, Alberici LC, Teixeira FR, Manfiolli AO, Batista TM, Cappelli APG, Reis RI, Frasson D, Kettelhut IC, Parreiras-e-Silva LT, Costa-Neto CM, Carneiro EM, Curi R, Silveira LR. Hydrogen peroxide production regulates the mitochondrial function in insulin resistant muscle cells: effect of catalase overexpression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1591-604. [PMID: 23643711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial redox state plays a central role in the link between mitochondrial overloading and insulin resistance. However, the mechanism by which the ROS induce insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells is not completely understood. We examined the association between mitochondrial function and H2O2 production in insulin resistant cells. Our hypothesis is that the low mitochondrial oxygen consumption leads to elevated ROS production by a mechanism associated with reduced PGC1α transcription and low content of phosphorylated CREB. The cells were transfected with either the encoded sequence for catalase overexpression or the specific siRNA for catalase inhibition. After transfection, myotubes were incubated with palmitic acid (500μM) and the insulin response, as well as mitochondrial function and fatty acid metabolism, was determined. The low mitochondrial oxygen consumption led to elevated ROS production by a mechanism associated with β-oxidation of fatty acids. Rotenone was observed to reduce the ratio of ROS production. The elevated H2O2 production markedly decreased the PGC1α transcription, an effect that was accompanied by a reduced phosphorylation of Akt and CREB. The catalase transfection prevented the reduction in the phosphorylated level of Akt and upregulated the levels of phosphorylated CREB. The mitochondrial function was elevated and H2O2 production reduced, thus increasing the insulin sensitivity. The catalase overexpression improved mitochondrial respiration protecting the cells from fatty acid-induced, insulin resistance. This effect indicates that control of hydrogen peroxide production regulates the mitochondrial respiration preventing the insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells by a mechanism associated with CREB phosphorylation and β-oxidation of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina R Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Hirabara SM, Folador A, Fiamoncini J, Lambertucci RH, Rodrigues CF, Rocha MS, Aikawa J, Yamazaki RK, Martins AR, Rodrigues AC, Carpinelli AR, Pithon-Curi TC, Fernandes LC, Gorjão R, Curi R. Fish oil supplementation for two generations increases insulin sensitivity in rats. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:1136-45. [PMID: 23246156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of fish oil supplementation for two consecutive generations on insulin sensitivity in rats. After the nursing period (21 days), female rats from the same prole were divided into two groups: (a) control group and (b) fish oil group. Female rats were supplemented with water (control) or fish oil at 1 g/kg body weight as a single bolus for 3 months. After this period, female rats were mated with male Wistar rats fed on a balanced chow diet (not supplemented). Female rats continued to receive supplementation throughout gestation and lactation periods. The same treatment was performed for the next two generations (G1 and G2). At 75 days of age, male offspring from G1 and G2 generations from both groups were used in the experiments. G1 rats did not present any difference with control rats. However, G2 rats presented reduction in glycemia and lipidemia and improvement in in vivo insulin sensitivity (model assessment of insulin resistance, insulin tolerance test) as well as in vitro insulin sensitivity in soleus muscle (glucose uptake and metabolism). This effect was associated with increased insulin-stimulated p38 MAP kinase phosphorylation and lower n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio, but not with activation of proteins from insulin signaling (IR, IRS-1 and Akt). Global DNA methylation was decreased in liver but not in soleus muscle. These results suggest that long-term fish oil supplementation improves insulin sensitivity in association with increased insulin-stimulated p38 activation and decreased n-6:n-3 ratio in skeletal muscle and decreased global DNA methylation in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro M Hirabara
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sport, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Carvalho-Filho MA, Carvalho BM, Oliveira AG, Guadagnini D, Ueno M, Dias MM, Tsukumo DM, Hirabara SM, Reis LF, Curi R, Carvalheira JBC, Saad MJA. Double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase is a key modulator of insulin sensitivity in physiological conditions and in obesity in mice. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5261-74. [PMID: 22948222 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular integration of nutrient- and pathogen-sensing pathways has become of great interest in understanding the mechanisms of insulin resistance in obesity. The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is one candidate molecule that may provide cross talk between inflammatory and metabolic signaling. The present study was performed to determine, first, the role of PKR in modulating insulin action and glucose metabolism in physiological situations, and second, the role of PKR in insulin resistance in obese mice. We used Pkr(-/-) and Pkr(+/+) mice to investigate the role of PKR in modulating insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and insulin signaling in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue in response to a high-fat diet. Our data show that in lean Pkr(-/-) mice, there is an improvement in insulin sensitivity, and in glucose tolerance, and a reduction in fasting blood glucose, probably related to a decrease in protein phosphatase 2A activity and a parallel increase in insulin-induced thymoma viral oncogene-1 (Akt) phosphorylation. PKR is activated in tissues of obese mice and can induce insulin resistance by directly binding to and inducing insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 serine307 phosphorylation or indirectly through modulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and inhibitor of κB kinase β. Pkr(-/-) mice were protected from high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance and showed improved insulin signaling associated with a reduction in c-Jun N-terminal kinase and inhibitor of κB kinase β phosphorylation in insulin-sensitive tissues. PKR may have a role in insulin sensitivity under normal physiological conditions, probably by modulating protein phosphatase 2A activity and serine-threonine kinase phosphorylation, and certainly, this kinase may represent a central mechanism for the integration of pathogen response and innate immunity with insulin action and metabolic pathways that are critical in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Carvalho-Filho
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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The consequences of metabolic changes in high-yielding dairy cows on oocyte and embryo quality. Animal 2012; 2:1120-7. [PMID: 22443723 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731108002383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Unsatisfactory reproductive performance in dairy cows, such as reduced conception rates, in addition to an increased incidence of early embryonic mortality, is reported worldwide and has been associated with a period of negative energy balance (NEB) early post partum. Typically, NEB is associated with biochemical changes such as high non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), high β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) and low glucose concentrations. The concentrations of these and other metabolites in the follicular fluid (FF) of high-yielding dairy cows during NEB were determined and extensively analyzed, and then were replicated in in vitro maturation models to investigate their effect on oocyte quality. The results showed that typical metabolic changes during NEB are well reflected in the FF of the dominant follicle. However, the oocyte seems to be relatively isolated from extremely elevated NEFA or very low glucose concentrations in the blood. Nevertheless, the in vitro maturation models revealed that NEB-associated high NEFA and low glucose levels in the FF are indeed toxic to the oocyte, resulting in deficient oocyte maturation and developmental competence. Induced apoptosis and necrosis in the cumulus cells was particularly obvious. Furthermore, maturation in saturated free fatty acid-rich media had a carry-over effect on embryo quality, leading to reduced cryotolerance of day 7 embryos. Only β-OHB showed an additive toxic effect in moderately hypoglycemic maturation conditions. These in vitro maturation models, based on in vivo observations, suggest that a period of NEB may hamper the fertility of high-yielding dairy cows through increased NEFA and decreased glucose concentrations in the FF directly affecting oocyte quality. In addition to oocyte quality, these results also demonstrate that embryo quality is reduced following an NEB episode. This important observation may be linked to the typical diet provided to stimulate milk yield, or to physiological adaptations sustaining the high milk production. Research into this phenomenon is ongoing.
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14
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Molecular targets related to inflammation and insulin resistance and potential interventions. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:379024. [PMID: 23049242 PMCID: PMC3463198 DOI: 10.1155/2012/379024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and insulin resistance are common in several chronic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Various studies show a relationship between these two factors, although the mechanisms involved are not completely understood yet. Here, we discuss the molecular basis of insulin resistance and inflammation and the molecular aspects on inflammatory pathways interfering in insulin action. Moreover, we explore interventions based on molecular targets for preventing or treating correlated disorders, advances for a better characterization, and understanding of the mechanisms and mediators involved in the different inflammatory and insulin resistance conditions. Finally, we address biotechnological studies for the development of new potential therapies and interventions.
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15
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Sunflower oil supplementation has proinflammatory effects and does not reverse insulin resistance in obesity induced by high-fat diet in C57BL/6 mice. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:945131. [PMID: 22988427 PMCID: PMC3441046 DOI: 10.1155/2012/945131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as sunflower oil has been associated to beneficial effects in plasma lipid profile, but its role on inflammation and insulin resistance is not fully elucidated yet. We evaluated the effect of sunflower oil supplementation on inflammatory state and insulin resistance condition in HFD-induced obese mice. C57BL/6 male mice (8 weeks) were divided in four groups: (a) control diet (CD), (b) HFD, (c) CD supplemented with n-6 (CD + n-6), and (d) HFD supplemented with n-6 (HFD + n-6). CD + n-6 and HFD + n-6 were supplemented with sunflower oil by oral gavage at 2 g/Kg of body weight, three times per week. CD and HFD were supplemented with water instead at the same dose. HFD induced whole and muscle-specific insulin resistance associated with increased inflammatory markers in insulin-sensitive tissues and macrophage cells. Sunflower oil supplementation was not efficient in preventing or reducing these parameters. In addition, the supplementation increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production by macrophages and tissues. Lipid profile, on the other hand, was improved with the sunflower oil supplementation in animals fed HFD. In conclusion, sunflower oil supplementation improves lipid profile, but it does not prevent or attenuate insulin resistance and inflammation induced by HFD in C57BL/6 mice.
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16
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Martins AR, Nachbar RT, Gorjao R, Vinolo MA, Festuccia WT, Lambertucci RH, Cury-Boaventura MF, Silveira LR, Curi R, Hirabara SM. Mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle insulin resistance induced by fatty acids: importance of the mitochondrial function. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:30. [PMID: 22360800 PMCID: PMC3312873 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance condition is associated to the development of several syndromes, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Although the factors linking insulin resistance to these syndromes are not precisely defined yet, evidence suggests that the elevated plasma free fatty acid (FFA) level plays an important role in the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Accordantly, in vivo and in vitro exposure of skeletal muscle and myocytes to physiological concentrations of saturated fatty acids is associated with insulin resistance condition. Several mechanisms have been postulated to account for fatty acids-induced muscle insulin resistance, including Randle cycle, oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here we reviewed experimental evidence supporting the involvement of each of these propositions in the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance induced by saturated fatty acids and propose an integrative model placing mitochondrial dysfunction as an important and common factor to the other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Martins
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 1524, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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Jenkins CM, Yang J, Sims HF, Gross RW. Reversible high affinity inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1 by acyl-CoA: a mechanism integrating glycolytic flux with lipid metabolism. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:11937-50. [PMID: 21258134 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.203661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) catalyzes the first committed step of glycolysis and is regulated by a complex array of allosteric effectors that integrate glycolytic flux with cellular bioenergetics. Here, we demonstrate the direct, potent, and reversible inhibition of purified rabbit muscle PFK-1 by low micromolar concentrations of long chain fatty acyl-CoAs (apparent Ki∼1 μM). In sharp contrast, short chain acyl-CoAs, palmitoylcarnitine, and palmitic acid in the presence of CoASH were without effect. Remarkably, MgAMP and MgADP but not MgATP protected PFK-1 against inhibition by palmitoyl-CoA indicating that acyl-CoAs regulate PFK-1 activity in concert with cellular high energy phosphate status. Furthermore, incubation of PFK-1 with [1-(14)C]palmitoyl-CoA resulted in robust acylation of the enzyme that was reversible by incubation with acyl-protein thioesterase-1 (APT1). Importantly, APT1 reversed palmitoyl-CoA-mediated inhibition of PFK-1 activity. Mass spectrometric analyses of palmitoylated PFK-1 revealed four sites of acylation, including Cys-114, Cys-170, Cys-351, and Cys-577. PFK-1 in both skeletal muscle extracts and in purified form was inhibited by S-hexadecyl-CoA, a nonhydrolyzable palmitoyl-CoA analog, demonstrating that covalent acylation of PFK-1 was not required for inhibition. Tryptic footprinting suggested that S-hexadecyl-CoA induced a conformational change in PFK-1. Both palmitoyl-CoA and S-hexadecyl-CoA increased the association of PFK-1 with Ca2+/calmodulin, which attenuated the binding of palmitoylated PFK-1 to membrane vesicles. Collectively, these results demonstrate that fatty acyl-CoA modulates phosphofructokinase activity through both covalent and noncovalent interactions to regulate glycolytic flux and enzyme membrane localization via the branch point metabolic node that mediates lipid flux through anabolic and catabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Jenkins
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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18
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Lymphocytes transfer [(14)C]-labeled fatty acids to skeletal muscle in culture; modulation by exercise. Cell Biochem Funct 2010; 28:278-82. [PMID: 20517891 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that lipids are transferred from lymphocytes (Ly) to different cell types including macrophages, enterocytes, and pancreatic beta cells in co-culture. This study investigated whether [(14)C]-labeled fatty acids (FA) can be transferred from Ly to skeletal muscle (SM), and the effects of exercise on such phenomenon. Ly obtained from exercised (EX) and control (C) male Wistar rats were preloaded with the [(14)C]-labeled free FA palmitic (PA), oleic (OA), linoleic (LA), or arachidonic (AA). Radioactively loaded Ly were then co-cultured with SM from the same Ly donor animals. Substantial amounts of FA were transferred to SM being the profile PA = OA > AA > LA to the C group, and PA > OA > LA > AA to the EX group. These FA were incorporated predominantly as phospholipids (PA = 66.75%; OA = 63.09%; LA = 43.86%; AA = 47.40%) in the C group and (PA = 63.99% OA = 52.72%; LA = 55.99%; AA = 63.40%) in the EX group. Also in this group, the remaining radioactivity from AA, LA, and OA acids was mainly incorporated in structural and energetic lipids. These results support the hypothesis that Ly are able to export lipids to SM in co-culture. Furthermore, exercise modulates the lipid transference profile, and its incorporation on SM. The overall significance of this phenomenon in vivo remains to be elucidated.
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19
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Kokubun E, Hirabara SM, Fiamoncini J, Curi R, Haebisch H. Changes of glycogen content in liver, skeletal muscle, and heart from fasted rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2009; 27:488-95. [PMID: 19711486 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen content of white and red skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, and liver was investigated in conditions where changes in plasma levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) occur. The experiments were performed in fed and 12 and 48 h-fasted rats. The animals were also submitted to swimming for 10 and 30 min. Glycogen content was also investigated in both pharmacologically induced low plasma NEFA levels fasted rats and pharmacologically induced high plasma NEFA levels fed rats. The participation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) in the changes observed was investigated. Plasma levels of NEFA, glucose, and insulin were determined in all conditions. Fasting increased plasma NEFA levels and reduced glycogen content in the liver and skeletal muscles. However, an increase of glycogen content was observed in the heart under this condition. Akt and GSK-3 phosphorylation was reduced during fasting in the liver and skeletal muscles but it remained unchanged in the heart. Our results suggest that in conditions of increased plasma NEFA levels, changes in insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3 and glycogen content vary differently in liver, skeletal muscles, and heart. Akt and GSK-3 phosphorylation and glycogen content are decreased in liver and skeletal muscles, but in the heart it remain unchanged (Akt and GSK-3 phosphorylation) or increased (glycogen content) due to consistent increase of plasma NEFA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Kokubun
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, Brazil
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20
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Hirabara SM, Curi R, Maechler P. Saturated fatty acid-induced insulin resistance is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle cells. J Cell Physiol 2009; 222:187-94. [PMID: 19780047 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Increased plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFA) occur in states of insulin resistance such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These high levels of plasma FFA are proposed to play an important role for the development of insulin resistance but the mechanisms involved are still unclear. This study investigated the effects of saturated and unsaturated FFA on insulin sensitivity in parallel with mitochondrial function. C2C12 myotubes were treated for 24 h with 0.1 mM of saturated (palmitic and stearic) and unsaturated (oleic, linoleic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic) FFA. After this period, basal and insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function were evaluated. Saturated palmitic and stearic acids decreased insulin-induced glycogen synthesis, glucose oxidation, and lactate production. Basal glucose oxidation was also reduced. Palmitic and stearic acids impaired mitochondrial function as demonstrated by decrease of both mitochondrial hyperpolarization and ATP generation. These FFA also decreased Akt activation by insulin. As opposed to saturated FFA, unsaturated FFA did not impair glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function. Primary cultures of rat skeletal muscle cells exhibited similar responses to saturated FFA as compared to C2C12 cells. These results show that in muscle cells saturated FFA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction associated with impaired insulin-induced glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro M Hirabara
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil.
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21
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Short-term modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase in pancreatic islets by glucose and palmitate: possible involvement of ceramide. Pancreas 2009; 38:585-92. [PMID: 19295452 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e31819fef03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of glucose and palmitate on the phosphorylation of proteins associated with cell growth and survival (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 [ERK1/2] and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase [SAPK/JNK]) and on the expression of immediate early genes was investigated. METHODS Groups of freshly isolated rat pancreatic islets were incubated in 10-mmol/L glucose with palmitate, LY294002, or fumonisin B1 for the measurement of the phosphorylation and the content of ERK1/2, JNK/SAPK, and v-akt murine thymoma viral oncongene (AKT) (serine 473) by immunoblotting. The expressions of the immediate early genes, c-fos and c-jun, were evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Glucose at 10 mmol/L induced ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylations and decreased SAPK/JNK phosphorylation. Palmitate (0.1 mmol/L) abolished the glucose effect on ERK1/2, AKT, and SAPK/JNK phosphorylations. LY294002 caused a similar effect. The inhibitory effect of palmitate on glucose-induced ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation changes was not observed in the presence of fumonisin B1. Glucose increased c-fos and decreased c-jun expressions. Palmitate and LY294002 abolished these latter glucose effects. The presence of fumonisin B1 abolished the effect induced by palmitate on c-jun expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that short-term changes of mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT signaling pathways and c-fos and c-jun expressions caused by glucose are abolished by palmitate through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition via ceramide synthesis.
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22
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Tsukumo DML, Carvalho-Filho MA, Carvalheira JBC, Prada PO, Hirabara SM, Schenka AA, Araújo EP, Vassallo J, Curi R, Velloso LA, Saad MJA. Loss-of-function mutation in Toll-like receptor 4 prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 2007; 56:1986-98. [PMID: 17519423 DOI: 10.2337/db06-1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 610] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and a state of abnormal inflammatory response. The Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 has an important role in inflammation and immunity, and its expression has been reported in most tissues of the body, including the insulin-sensitive ones. Because it is activated by lipopolysaccharide and saturated fatty acids, which are inducers of insulin resistance, TLR4 may be a candidate for participation in the cross-talk between inflammatory and metabolic signals. Here, we show that C3H/HeJ mice, which have a loss-of-function mutation in TLR4, are protected against the development of diet-induced obesity. In addition, these mice demonstrate decreased adiposity, increased oxygen consumption, a decreased respiratory exchange ratio, improved insulin sensitivity, and enhanced insulin-signaling capacity in adipose tissue, muscle, and liver compared with control mice during high-fat feeding. Moreover, in these tissues, control mice fed a high-fat diet show an increase in IkappaB kinase complex and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase activity, which is prevented in C3H/HeJ mice. In isolated muscles from C3H/HeJ mice, protection from saturated fatty acid-induced insulin resistance is observed. Thus, TLR4 appears to be an important mediator of obesity and insulin resistance and a potential target for the therapy of these highly prevalent medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M L Tsukumo
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Gorjão R, Hirabara SM, de Lima TM, Cury-Boaventura MF, Curi R. Regulation of interleukin-2 signaling by fatty acids in human lymphocytes. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:2009-19. [PMID: 17592174 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700175-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic (DHA; C22:6 n-3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA; C20:5 n-3), palmitic (PA; C16:0), and stearic (SA; C18:0) acids decrease lymphocyte proliferation in concentrations of >50 muM, as observed in our previous study. However, oleic acid (OA; C18:1 n-9) and linoleic acid (LA; C18:2 n-6) increase lymphocyte proliferation at 25 muM. In this study, the effect of these FAs on the interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling pathway in human lymphocytes was investigated. Cells were isolated from heparinized venous blood of healthy human donors by density-gradient sedimentation. Cells were stimulated with 5 mug/ml concanavalin A and treated with FAs in the absence or presence of IL-2 for 1 hour. CD25-alpha externalization was analyzed by flow cytometry, and Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), JAK3, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) 1 and 2, Akt, and protein kinase C (PKC)-zeta phosphorylation were analyzed by Western blotting. The expression of CD25-alpha at the cell surface was increased by DHA, SA, and PA but was unaffected by EPA, OA, and LA. PA, SA, DHA, and EPA decreased JAK1, JAK3, STAT5, and Akt phosphorylation induced by IL-2, but OA and LA did not cause any effect. OA and LA increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas the other FAs caused a marked decrease. PKC-zeta phosphorylation was decreased by OA and LA and was not altered by the remaining FAs. In conclusion, the inhibitory effect of PA, SA, DHA, and EPA on lymphocyte proliferation observed in our previous study was attributable to a decrease in JAK/STAT, ERK, and Akt pathways activated by IL-2. Probably, OA and LA stimulated lymphocyte proliferation by increasing ERK1/2 phosphorylation through PKC-zeta activation. The inhibition of JAK1, JAK3, STAT5, ERK1/2, and Akt phosphorylation caused by DHA, SA, and PA is associated with an alteration of CD25 expression at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Gorjão
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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24
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Anhê GF, Hirabara SM, Turrer TC, Caperuto LC, Anhê FF, Ribeiro LM, Marçal AC, Carvalho CRO, Curi R, Machado UF, Bordin S. Postpartum glycemic homeostasis in early lactating rats is accompanied by transient and specific increase of soleus insulin response through IRS2/AKT pathway. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 292:R2225-33. [PMID: 17332155 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00902.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is known that at the moment of delivery immediate lost of conceptus (main site of glucose disposal in late pregnancy) is not able to disturb glucose homeostasis in early lactating mothers. However, the mechanism by which this adaptation takes place in early lactation is still unknown. Most studies concerning insulin sensitivity in lactating rats were carried out at 11–13 days postpartum and did not describe functional changes in insulin response in early lactation. Here we show that lactation hypersensitivity to insulin is observed as early as 3 days after delivery (L3). We show that the oxidative soleus muscle displays a transient increased maximal insulin-induced glucose uptake and CO2production, which is temporally limited to L3. Response of soleus muscle was accompanied by an increase in glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) content at L3. This adaptive response was not detected in the glycolytic plantaris muscle, which displayed lower content of GLUT4. We also found that soleus muscle from early lactating rats have higher insulin receptor expression and tyrosine phosphorylation. Downstream steps of insulin signaling pathway; e.g., insulin receptor substrate 2 tyrosine phosphorylation and its association with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase were also upregulated in soleus muscle. In parallel, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B expression, a negative regulator of insulin signal, was reduced. Importantly, all of these molecular alterations were time limited to L3 and were not observed in plantaris muscle. These results suggest that improved insulin action in oxidative, but not in glycolytic muscle might contribute to achievement of glucose homeostasis postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel F Anhê
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Vanholder T, Lmr Leroy J, Van Soom A, Maes D, Coryn M, Fiers T, de Kruif A, Opsomer G. Effect of non-esterified fatty acids on bovine theca cell steroidogenesis and proliferation in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci 2006; 92:51-63. [PMID: 15978752 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 05/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Elevated serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels associated with a negative energy balance (NEB) may affect ovarian function and hence reproductive performance in high-yielding dairy cows. We have investigated the individual and combined effects of the three major NEFAs on bovine theca cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in vitro. Theca cells from healthy large follicles (>8 mm) obtained from slaughterhouse ovaries were cultured in serum free medium in the presence of 0, 50, 150 and 200 microM of palmitic acid (PA; C16:0); 0, 50, 150 and 250 microM of stearic acid (SA; C18:0); and/or 0, 50, 150 and 250 microM of oleic acid (OA; C18:1). Progesterone and androstenedione concentrations were measured in spent medium after 48 h of culture and cell numbers were determined spectrophotometrically per culture well. Cell viability was assessed by annexin-V FITC/propidium iodide staining. Only the treatment with 200 microM of PA inhibited cell proliferation (P<0.001) when tested individually, both of the mixtures tested (M1=100 microM of PA, 130 microM of SA and 140 microM of OA; M2=200 microM PA, 260 microM of SA and 280 microM of OA) reduced cell numbers (P<0.001). Progesterone and androstenedione production, both per well and per 10(4) cells, were not affected by any of the treatments, with the exception of M2. This mixture reduced progesterone production per well and per 10(4) cells (P<0.05). The effects observed were most likely caused by the cytotoxic action of the NEFAs, as demonstrated by the increased percentage of early apoptotic (M1) and late apoptotic/necrotic cells (M1 and M2) in the combination treatments (P<0.05). When combined, elevated physiological concentrations of PA, SA and OA can modulate theca cell proliferation and steroidogenesis in vitro by reducing theca cell viability. These NEFAs may be one of the mediators through which NEB compromises ovarian functioning and thus fertility in high-yielding dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vanholder
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Hirabara SM, Silveira LR, Abdulkader FRM, Alberici LC, Procopio J, Carvalho CRO, Pithon-Curi TC, Curi R. Role of fatty acids in the transition from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle during exercise. Cell Biochem Funct 2006; 24:475-81. [PMID: 16924590 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In moderate physical exercise, the transition from predominantly anaerobic towards predominantly aerobic metabolism is a key step to improve performance. Increase in the supply of oxygen and nutrients, such as free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose, which accompanies high blood flow, is required for this transition. The mechanisms involved in the vasodilation in skeletal muscle during physical activity are not completely known yet. In this article, we postulate a role of FFA and heat production in this process. The presence of uncoupling protein-2 and -3 (UCP-2 and -3) in skeletal muscle, whose activity is dependent on FFA, suggests that these metabolites can act as mitochondrial uncouplers in this tissue. Evidence indicates however that UCPs act as uncouplers only when coenzyme Q is predominantly in the reduced state (i.e. under nonphosphorylation conditions or state 4 respiration) as is observed in resting muscles and in the beginning of physical activity (predominantly anaerobic metabolism). The increase in the lipolytic activity in adipose tissue in the beginning of physical activity results in elevated plasma FFA levels. The FFA can then act on the UCPs, increasing the local heat production. We propose that this calorigenic effect of FFA is important to activate nitric oxide synthase, resulting in nitric oxide production and consequent vasodilation. Therefore, FFA would be important mediators for the changes that occur in muscle metabolism during prolonged physical activity, ensuring the appropriate supply of oxygen and nutrients by increasing blood flow at the beginning of exercise in the contracting skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro M Hirabara
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1524, CEP 05508-900 Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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27
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Hirabara SM, Silveira LR, Abdulkader F, Carvalho CRO, Procopio J, Curi R. Time-dependent effects of fatty acids on skeletal muscle metabolism. J Cell Physiol 2006; 210:7-15. [PMID: 17013887 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFA) occur in states of insulin resistance such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. These high levels of plasma FFA seem to play an important role for the development of insulin resistance but the mechanisms involved are not known. We demonstrated that acute exposure to FFA (1 h) in rat incubated skeletal muscle leads to an increase in the insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation. In conditions of prolonged exposure to FFA, however, the insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and metabolism is impaired in skeletal muscle. In this review, we discuss the differences between the effects of acute and prolonged exposure to FFA on skeletal muscle glucose metabolism and the possible mechanisms involved in the FFA-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro M Hirabara
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Hirabara SM, Silveira LR, Alberici LC, Leandro CVG, Lambertucci RH, Polimeno GC, Cury Boaventura MF, Procopio J, Vercesi AE, Curi R. Acute effect of fatty acids on metabolism and mitochondrial coupling in skeletal muscle. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2005; 1757:57-66. [PMID: 16375848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2005.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2005] [Revised: 10/30/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute effects of free fatty acids (FFA) were investigated on: (1) glucose oxidation, and UCP-2 and -3 mRNA and protein levels in 1 h incubated rat soleus and extensor digitorium longus (EDL) muscles, (2) mitochondrial membrane potential in cultured skeletal muscle cells, (3) respiratory activity and transmembrane electrical potential in mitochondria isolated from rat skeletal muscle, and (4) oxygen consumption by anesthetized rats. Long-chain FFA increased both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation in incubated rat soleus and EDL muscles and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential in C2C12 myotubes and rat skeletal muscle cells. Caprylic, palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acid increased O(2) consumption and decreased electrical membrane potential in isolated mitochondria from rat skeletal muscles. FFA did not alter UCP-2 and -3 mRNA and protein levels in rat soleus and EDL muscles. Palmitic acid increased oxygen consumption by anesthetized rats. These results suggest that long-chain FFA acutely lead to mitochondrial uncoupling in skeletal muscle.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Coenzyme A/metabolism
- Fatty Acids/pharmacology
- Glucose/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Ion Channels
- Linoleic Acid/pharmacology
- Membrane Potentials/drug effects
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Muscle/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Membranes/drug effects
- Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
- Muscle Cells/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Oleic Acid/pharmacology
- Oxygen Consumption/drug effects
- Palmitic Acid/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Uncoupling Protein 2
- Uncoupling Protein 3
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro M Hirabara
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Cidade Universitária, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 1524 Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
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29
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Leroy JLMR, Vanholder T, Mateusen B, Christophe A, Opsomer G, de Kruif A, Genicot G, Van Soom A. Non-esterified fatty acids in follicular fluid of dairy cows and their effect on developmental capacity of bovine oocytes in vitro. Reproduction 2005; 130:485-95. [PMID: 16183866 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this study concentration and composition of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in follicular fluid (FF) of high-yielding dairy cows were determined during the period of negative energy balance (NEB) early post partum. NEFA were then added duringin vitromaturation at concentrations measured previously in FF to evaluate their effect on the oocyte’s developmental competence. At 16 and 44 days post partum, FF of the dominant follicle and blood were collected from nine high-yielding dairy cows. Samples were analysed for NEFA concentration and composition. NEFA concentrations in FF (0.2–0.6 mmol/l) during NEB remained ± 40% lower compared with serum (0.4–1.2 mmol/l). The NEFA composition differed significantly between serum and FF with oleic acid (OA), palmitic acid (PA) and stearic acid (SA) being the predominant fatty acids in FF. Based on these results, 5115 oocytes were matured for 24 h in serum-free media with or without (negative control) the addition of 0.200 mmol/l OA, 0.133 mmol/l PA or 0.067 mmol/l SA dissolved in ethanol or ethanol alone (positive control). Matured oocytes were fertilized and cultured for 7 days in SOF medium. Addition of PA or SA during oocyte maturation had negative effects on maturation, fertilization and cleavage rate and blastocyst yield. More (late) apoptotic cumulus cells were observed in cumulus–oocyte complexes matured in the presence of SA or PA. Ethanol or OA had no effect. Thesein vitroresults suggest that NEB may hamper fertility of high-yielding dairy cows through increased NEFA concentrations in FF affecting oocyte quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L M R Leroy
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
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