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Zarezadehmehrizi A, Hong J, Lee J, Rajabi H, Gharakhanlu R, Naghdi N, Azimi M, Park Y. Exercise training ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in amyloid beta-injected rat model: possible mechanisms of Angiostatin/VEGF signaling. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2263-2271. [PMID: 34003412 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates angio/neurogenesis and also tightly links to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although exercise has a beneficial effect on neurovascular function and cognitive function, the direct effect of exercise on VEGF-related signaling and cognitive deficit in AD is incompletely understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of exercise on angiostatin/VEGF cascade and cognitive function in AD model rats. Wistar male rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (CON), injection of DMSO (Sham-CON), CON-exercise (sham-EX), intrahippocampal injection of Aβ (Aβ), and Aβ-exercise (Aβ-EX). Rats in EX groups underwent treadmill exercise for 4 weeks, then the cognitive function was measured by the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. mRNA levels of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and angiostatin were determined in hippocampus by RT-PCR. We found that spatial learning and memory were impaired in Aβ-injected rats, but exercise training improved it. Moreover, exercise training increased the reduced mRNA expression level of VEGF signaling, including HIF1α, VEGF, and VEGFR2 in the hippocampus from Aβ-injected rats. Also, the mRNA expression level of angiostatin was elevated in the hippocampus from Aβ-injected rats, and exercise training abrogated its expression. Our findings suggest that exercise training improves cognitive function in Aβ-injected rats, possibly through enhancing VEGF signaling and reducing angiostatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliasghar Zarezadehmehrizi
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Junyoung Hong
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonghae Lee
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hamid Rajabi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Gharakhanlu
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Naghdi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pasteur Institute of Iran 13164, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azimi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yoonjung Park
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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Wang R, Xu Y, Niu C, Gao X, Xu X. A Novel Small Peptide H-KI20 Inhibits Retinal Neovascularization Through the JNK/ATF2 Signaling Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:16. [PMID: 33439229 PMCID: PMC7814360 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Abundant evidence has shown benefits of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies in neovascular eye diseases. However, the high cost, side effects, and inconvenience of frequent injections demand alternative novel drug candidates. This study aimed to analyze antiangiogenic effects of peptide H-KI20 and illustrated signaling mechanisms. Methods Live cell culture and tracing, wound healing assay, and tube formation were performed in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs). The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane and mouse oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy model were applied to examine the effects of H-KI20 in vivo. The intracellular signaling pathways were examined. Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance assay were used to validate the direct interaction of H-KI20 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2). Results H-KI20 had high penetration ability in vitro and in vivo. It inhibited motility, migration, and tube formation of HRECs, without cytotoxicity, and inhibited angiogenesis in vivo. Furthermore, H-KI20 treatment reduced the phosphorylation level of activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) stimulated by VEGF via downregulating p-JNK. H-KI20 bound to JNK2 directly with a dissociation constant value of 83.68 µM. The knockdown of ATF2 attenuated VEGF-induced tube formation and decreased the movement speed of HRECs. Conclusions H-KI20 inhibited angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The ratios of p-ATF2/ATF2 and p-JNK/JNK stimulated by VEGF were decreased by H-KI20, and H-KI20 targeted JNK2 directly. In addition, the pivotal role of ATF2 in VEGF-induced retinal neovascularization was elucidated for the first time. Taken together, H-KI20 displays potential for pathological retinal angiogenesis as a sustained and low-toxic peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Niu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihui Gao
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
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PRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF ANGIOSTATINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OCULAR NEOVASCULAR DISEASES. BIOTECHNOLOGIA ACTA 2021. [DOI: 10.15407/biotech14.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiostatins comprise a group of kringle-containing proteolytically-derived fragments of plasminogen/plasmin, which act as potent inhibitory mediators of endothelial cells proliferation and migration. Angiostatins are involved in modulation of vessel growth in healthy tissues and various pathological conditions associated with aberrant neovascularization. The aim of the present paper was to summarize available information, including our own experimental data, on prospects of angiostatin application for treatment of ocular neovascular diseases (OND), focusing on retinal pathologies and corneal injury. In particular, literature data on prospective and retrospective studies, clinical trials and animal models relating to the pathophysiology, investigation and management of OND are described. Special emphasis was made on the laboratory approaches of production of different angiostatin isoforms, as well as comparison of antiangiogenic capacities of native and recombinant angiostatin polypeptides. Several studies reported that angiostatins may completely abolish pathologic angiogenesis in diabetic proliferative retinopathy without affecting normal retinal vessel development and without exhibiting adverse side effects. Angiostatins have been tested as a tool for corneal antiangiogenesis target therapy in order to manage diverse ocular surface pathological conditions induced by traumas, chemical burns, previous surgery, chronic contact lens wear, autoimmune diseases, keratitis and viral infections (herpes, COVID-19), corneal graft rejection, etc. Among all known angiostatin species, isolated K5 plasminogen fragment was shown to display the most potent inhibitory activity against proliferation of endothelial cells via triggering multiple signaling pathways, which lead to cell death and resulting angiogenesis suppression. Application of adenoviral genetic construct encoding angiostatin K5 as a promising tool for OND treatment illustrates a vivid example of upcoming revolution in local gene therapy. Further comprehensive studies are necessary to elucidate the clinical potential and optimal regimes of angiostatinbased intervention modalities for treating ocular neovascularization.
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Campochiaro PA, Akhlaq A. Sustained suppression of VEGF for treatment of retinal/choroidal vascular diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 83:100921. [PMID: 33248215 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) is the most prevalent choroidal vascular disease, and diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) are the most prevalent retinal vascular diseases. In each of these, hypoxia plays a central role by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor-1 which increases production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and other hypoxia-regulated gene products. High VEGF causes excessive vascular permeability, neovascularization, and in DR and RVO, promotes closure of retinal vessels exacerbating hypoxia and creating a positive feedback loop. Hence once VEGF expression is elevated it tends to remain elevated and drives disease progression. While other hypoxia-regulated gene products also contribute to pathology in these disease processes, it is remarkable how much pathology is reversed by selective inhibition of VEGF. Clinical trials have demonstrated outstanding visual outcomes in patients with NVAMD, DR, or RVO from frequent intraocular injections of VEGF-neutralizing proteins, but for a variety of reasons injection frequency has been substantially less in clinical practice and visual outcomes are disappointing. Herein we discuss the rationale, preclinical, and early clinical results of new approaches that provide sustained suppression of VEGF. These approaches will revolutionize the management of these prevalent retinal/choroidal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Campochiaro
- The Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Anam Akhlaq
- The Departments of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Venugopal S, Kao C, Chandna R, Sulochana KN, Subramanian V, Chen M, Kini RM, Ge R. Angio-3, a 10-residue peptide derived from human plasminogen kringle 3, suppresses tumor growth in mice via impeding both angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Angiogenesis 2018; 21:653-665. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-018-9616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wu P, Li L, Wang H, Ma T, Wu H, Fan X, Yang Z, Chen D, Wang L. Role of Angiogenesis in Chronic Radiation Proctitis: New Evidence Favoring Inhibition of Angiogenesis Ex Vivo. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:113-125. [PMID: 29080145 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic radiation proctitis (CRP), a common complication after radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies, compromises patient quality of life. Vascular damage and aberrant angiogenesis in the mucosal layer are essential histological features, but changes to the submucosal layer are unclear. Thus, we evaluated the histological characteristics and distribution changes of key angiogenic factors in full-layered human CRP samples. METHODS Thirty paraffin-embedded CRP and twenty-nine non-CRP tissues were used to evaluate histopathological changes. Immunohistochemistry with anti-CD34 antibody was performed to calculate microvascular density (MVD). Frozen tissues from eight CRP patients and five non-CRP controls were collected and analyzed by antibody array, which contained sixty human angiogenesis-related factors. Quality controls with positive and negative controls were performed during antibody array analysis. Two differentially expressed factors were confirmed by ELISA. RESULTS CRP lesions showed vasculopathy, fibrosis, mucosal ulceration, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Human angiogenesis antibody array and ELISA confirmed the increased angiostatin in CRP lesions. Immunohistochemical staining showed dispersed distribution of angiostatin throughout the mucosal and submucosal layers in CRP lesions, while angiostatin accumulated within the vessel lumens in non-CRP tissues. MVD significantly decreased in the submucosal layer of CRP, suggesting a potential association with increased angiostatin. CONCLUSIONS Angiostatin increased and had a distinct distribution in CRP lesions. Compensatory telangiectasia in the mucosa, vessel stenosis, and reduced MVD might attenuate blood flow in the submucosa and contribute to CRP progression. Restoration of vascular functionality by promoting angiogenesis in the submucosal layer may help alleviate CRP in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihuang Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaiming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tenghui Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Wu
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinjuan Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihuan Yang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daici Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Narayanan IG, Natarajan SK. Peptides derived from histidine and methionine-rich regions of copper transporter 1 exhibit anti-angiogenic property by chelating extracellular Cu. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:797-804. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iyer Gomathy Narayanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology; Vision Research Foundation; Chennai India
- Birla Institute of Technology & Science; Pilani India
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Guzyk MM, Tykhomyrov AA, Nedzvetsky VS, Prischepa IV, Grinenko TV, Yanitska LV, Kuchmerovska TM. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) Inhibitors Reduce Reactive Gliosis and Improve Angiostatin Levels in Retina of Diabetic Rats. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2526-2537. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Parris GE. A Hypothesis Concerning the Biphasic Dose-response of Tumors to Angiostatin and Endostatin. Dose Response 2015; 13:10.2203_dose-response.14-020.Parris. [PMID: 26675544 PMCID: PMC4674172 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.14-020.parris] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This manuscript proposes a hypothesis to explain the U-shaped dose-response observed for angiostatin and other high-molecular-weight drugs in various anti-cancer bio-assays. The dose-response curves for angiostatin and endostatin (measured as suppression of tumor growth) go through an optimum (i.e., minimum tumor growth) and then becomes less effective at higher doses. The literature suggests that at lower doses the primary action of these high-molecular-weight drugs is to counteract the angiogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To do this, the drugs must pass out of the blood vessel and enter the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) where VEGF induces the growth and fusion of tip cells. Ironically, VEGF actually facilitates access of the drugs to the ECM by making the vascular endothelium leaky. At higher doses, the high-molecular-weight drugs seem to reverse VEGF-induced permeability of the endothelium. Thus, at high dose rates, it is hypothesized that the drugs are not able to enter the ECM and block the angiogenic effects of VEGF there. As a result, high doses of the drugs do not suppress vascularization of the tumor or tumor growth. Moreover, if the permeability of the vessels is suppressed, the VEGF released by the stroma is concentrated in the ECM where it amplifies the angiogenic activity around the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Parris
- Montgomery College, Department of Chemistry, Rockville, MD, USA
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Venugopal S, Chen M, Liao W, Er SY, Wong WSF, Ge R. Isthmin is a novel vascular permeability inducer that functions through cell-surface GRP78-mediated Src activation. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 107:131-42. [PMID: 25952901 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Isthmin (ISM) is a recently identified 60 kDa secreted angiogenesis inhibitor. Two cell-surface receptors for ISM have been defined, the high-affinity glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78) and the low-affinity αvβ5 integrin. As αvβ5 integrin plays an important role in pulmonary vascular permeability (VP) and ISM is highly expressed in mouse lung, we sought to clarify the role of ISM in VP. METHODS AND RESULTS Recombinant ISM (rISM) dose-dependently enhances endothelial monolayer permeability in vitro and local dermal VP when administered intradermally in mice. Systemic rISM administration through intravenous injection leads to profound lung vascular hyperpermeability but not in other organs. Mechanistic investigations using molecular, biochemical approaches and specific chemical inhibitors revealed that ISM-GRP78 interaction triggers a direct interaction between GRP78 and Src, leading to Src activation and subsequent phosphorylation of adherens junction proteins and loss of junctional proteins from inter-endothelial junctions, resulting in enhanced VP. Dynamic studies of Src activation, VP and apoptosis revealed that ISM induces VP directly via Src activation while apoptosis contributes indirectly only after prolonged treatment. Furthermore, ISM is significantly up-regulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse lung. Blocking cell-surface GRP78 by systemic infusion of anti-GRP78 antibody significantly attenuates pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability in LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. CONCLUSION ISM is a novel VP inducer that functions through cell-surface GRP78-mediated Src activation as well as induction of apoptosis. It induces a direct GRP78-Src interaction, leading to cytoplasmic Src activation. ISM contributes to pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability of LPS-induced ALI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Venugopal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Wupeng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117456
| | - Shi Yin Er
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Wai-Shiu Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117456
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117543
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Tykhomyrov AA, Shram SI, Grinenko TV. [Role of angiostatins in diabetic complications]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2015; 61:41-56. [PMID: 25762598 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20156101041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels. Angiogenesis is regulated by a number of factors of peptide nature. Disbalance of angiogenic system appears to be the major causative factor contributing vascular abnormalities in diabetes mellitus, resulting in various complications. Angiostatins, which are kringle-containing fragments of plasminogen/plasmin, are known to be powerful physiological inhibitors of neovascularization. In the present review, current literature data on peculiarities of production of angiostatins and their functioning at diabetes mellitus are summarized and analyzed for the first time. Also, role of angiostatins in the pathogenesis of typical diabetic complications, including retinopathies, nephropathies and cardiovascular diseases, is discussed. Data presented in this review may be useful for elaboration of novel effective approaches for diagnostics and therapy of vascular abnormalities in diabetes mellitus.
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Tykhomyrov AA, Shram SI, Grinenko TV. The role of angiostatins in diabetic complications. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750814020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Szabadfi K, Pinter E, Reglodi D, Gabriel R. Neuropeptides, trophic factors, and other substances providing morphofunctional and metabolic protection in experimental models of diabetic retinopathy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 311:1-121. [PMID: 24952915 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800179-0.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vision is the most important sensory modality for many species, including humans. Damage to the retina results in vision loss or even blindness. One of the most serious complications of diabetes, a disease that has seen a worldwide increase in prevalence, is diabetic retinopathy. This condition stems from consequences of pathological metabolism and develops in 75% of patients with type 1 and 50% with type 2 diabetes. The development of novel protective drugs is essential. In this review we provide a description of the disease and conclude that type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes lead to the same retinopathy. We evaluate existing experimental models and recent developments in finding effective compounds against this disorder. In our opinion, the best models are the long-term streptozotocin-induced diabetes and Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty and spontaneously diabetic Torii rats, while the most promising substances are topically administered somatostatin and pigment epithelium-derived factor analogs, antivasculogenic substances, and systemic antioxidants. Future drug development should focus on these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztina Szabadfi
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
| | - Erika Pinter
- Janos Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, PTE MTA Lendulet-PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Robert Gabriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; Janos Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Milne R, Brownstein S. Advanced glycation end products and diabetic retinopathy. Amino Acids 2013; 44:1397-407. [PMID: 21909978 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-011-1071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Retinopathy is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes and a major cause of blindness in young adults, worldwide. Early diabetic retinopathy is characterized by a loss of pericytes from retinal capillaries, the appearance of acellular capillaries and microaneurysms, and a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. In later stages, this can evolve into the proliferative phase in which there is neovascularization of the retina, which greatly increases the probability of vision loss. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which accumulate under hyperglycemic conditions are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. AGEs arise primarily by the modification of amine groups of proteins by reactive dicarbonyls such as methylglyoxal. Intracellular proteins including anti-oxidant enzymes, transcription factors and mitochondrial proteins are targets of dicarbonyl modification and this can modify their functional properties and thus compromise cellular physiology. Likewise, modification of extracellular proteins by dicarbonyls can impair cell adhesion and can generate ligands that can potentially bind to cell surface AGE receptors that activate pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. AGE inhibitors have been shown to provide protection in animal models of diabetic retinopathy and currently are being evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Milne
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada.
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Abstract
Loss of glomerular function associated with the presence of tubulointerstitial lesions, which are characterized by peritubular capillary loss, is a common finding in progressive renal disorders. Dysregulated expression of angiogenic factors (such as vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] and angiopoietins) and endogenous angiogenic inhibitors (such as thrombospondin-1, angiostatin and endostatin) underlie these conditions and negatively influence the balance between capillary formation and regression, resulting in capillary rarefaction. Recent studies have provided unequivocal evidence for a pathogenic role of tubulointerstitial hypoxia and the involvement of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors in the advanced stages of chronic kidney disease. The mainstay of potential angiogenic therapies is the application of angiogenic factors with the primary aim of ameliorating reduced oxygenation in the ischaemic tubulointerstitium. However, this strategy is strongly associated with inflammation and changes in vascular permeability. For example, supraphysiological expression of VEGF results in glomerular expansion and proteinuria, whereas VEGF blockade using neutralizing antibodies can cause hypertension and thrombotic microangiopathy. These effects highlight the importance of tight regulation of angiogenic factors and inhibitors. Novel therapeutic approaches that target vascular maturation and normalization are now being developed to protect kidneys from capillary rarefaction and hypoxic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division for Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yoo WS, Seo SW, Park JM, Yoo JM, Chung IY. Effect of Triamcinolone on Retinal Vessel-Related Factors in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Rats. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2012. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2012.53.12.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woong Sun Yoo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seong Wook Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jong Moon Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji Myong Yoo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - In Young Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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17
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Lima e Silva R, Shen J, Gong YY, Seidel CP, Hackett SF, Kesavan K, Jacoby DB, Campochiaro PA. Agents that bind annexin A2 suppress ocular neovascularization. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:855-64. [PMID: 20607799 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
TM601 is a synthetic polypeptide with sequence derived from the venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus that has anti-neoplastic activity. It has recently been demonstrated to bind annexin A2 on cultured tumor and vascular endothelial cells and to suppress blood vessel growth on chick chorioallantoic membrane. In this study, we investigated the effects of TM601 in models of ocular neovascularization (NV). When administered by intraocular injection, intravenous injections, or periocular injections, TM601 significantly suppressed the development of choroidal NV at rupture sites in Bruch's membrane. Treatment of established choroidal NV with TM601 caused apoptosis of endothelial cells and regression of the NV. TM601 suppressed ischemia-induced and vascular endothelial growth factor-induced retinal NV and reduced excess vascular permeability induced by vascular endothelial growth factor. Immunostaining with an antibody directed against TM601 showed that after intraocular or periocular injection, TM601 selectively bound to choroidal or retinal NV and co-localized with annexin A2, which is undetectable in normal retinal and choroidal vessels, but is upregulated in endothelial cells participating in choroidal or retinal NV. Intraocular injection of plasminogen or tissue plasminogen activator, which like TM601 bind to annexin A2, also suppressed retinal NV. This study supports the hypothesis that annexin A2 is an important target for treatment of neovascular diseases and suggests that TM601, through its interaction with annexin A2, causes suppression and regression of ocular NV and reduces vascular leakage and thus may provide a new treatment for blinding diseases such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Lima e Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287-9277, USA
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18
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Zhu M, Bi X, Jia Q, Shangguan S. The possible mechanism for impaired angiogenesis after transient focal ischemia in type 2 diabetic GK rats: Different expressions of angiostatin and vascular endothelial growth factor. Biomed Pharmacother 2010; 64:208-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Park K, Chen Y, Hu Y, Mayo AS, Kompella UB, Longeras R, Ma JX. Nanoparticle-mediated expression of an angiogenic inhibitor ameliorates ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization and diabetes-induced retinal vascular leakage. Diabetes 2009; 58:1902-13. [PMID: 19491211 PMCID: PMC2712783 DOI: 10.2337/db08-1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of nanoparticle-mediated gene delivery of angiogenic inhibitors on retinal inflammation, vascular leakage, and neovascularization in diabetic retinopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS An expression plasmid of plasminogen kringle 5 (K5), a natural angiogenic inhibitor, was encapsulated with poly(lactide-coglycolide) to form K5 nanoparticles (K5-NP). Expression of K5 was determined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry, and retinal vascular leakage was measured by permeability assay. Retinal neovascularization was evaluated using fluorescein-angiography and counting preretinal vascular cells in rats with oxygen-induced retinopathy. Effects of K5-NP on retinal inflammation were evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by leukostasis assay and Western blot analysis of intracellular adhesion molecule and vascular endothelial growth factor. Possible toxicities of K5-NP were evaluated using histology examination, retinal thickness measurement, and electroretinogram recording. RESULTS K5-NP mediated efficient expression of K5 and specifically inhibited growth of endothelial cells. An intravitreal injection of K5-NP resulted in high-level expression of K5 in the inner retina of rats during the 4 weeks they were analyzed. Injection of K5-NP significantly reduced retinal vascular leakage and attenuated retinal neovascularization, when compared with the contralateral eyes injected with Control-NP in oxygen-induced retinopathy rats. K5-NP attenuated vascular endothelial growth factor and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 overexpression and reduced leukostasis and vascular leakage for at least 4 weeks after a single injection in the retina of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. No toxicities of K5-NP were detected to retinal structure and function. CONCLUSIONS K5-NP mediates efficient and sustained K5 expression in the retina and has therapeutic potential for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungmin Park
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Aaron S. Mayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Uday B. Kompella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Richard Longeras
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jian-xing Ma
- Department of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Corresponding author: Jian-xing Ma,
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20
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Beutel J, Rudolf M, Grisanti S. Current and future therapies for age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2009; 14:341-62. [DOI: 10.1517/14728210902824141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Mu W, Long DA, Ouyang X, Agarwal A, Cruz PE, Roncal CA, Nakagawa T, Yu X, Hauswirth WW, Johnson RJ. Angiostatin overexpression is associated with an improvement in chronic kidney injury by an anti-inflammatory mechanism. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 296:F145-52. [PMID: 18971211 PMCID: PMC2636910 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90430.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiostatin, a proteolytic fragment of plasminogen, is a potent anti-angiogenic factor recently shown also to have an inhibitory effect on leukocyte recruitment and macrophage migration. Because both angiogenesis and inflammation play key roles in the progression of chronic kidney disease, we evaluated the effect of angiostatin treatment in the rat remnant kidney model. Rats were pretreated for 4 wk with recombinant adeno-associated viruses expressing either angiostatin or green fluorescence protein. Chronic renal disease was then induced by a subtotal nephrectomy, and rats were killed 8 wk later for analysis. Angiostatin treatment was associated with significantly less proteinuria but no alterations in serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and blood urea nitrogen levels. Treatment with angiostatin reduced renal peritubular capillary number and decreased urinary nitric oxide levels. Despite reducing capillary density, angiostatin diminished interstitial fibrosis in association with reduced macrophage and T-cell infiltration and renal monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA levels. In conclusion, angiostatin overexpression was associated with attenuated renal disease progression in a model of chronic kidney injury, likely because of its anti-inflammatory actions. However, its anti-angiogenic actions suggest countering effects that could partially offset its benefit in chronic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mu
- Division of Nephrology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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22
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Clapp C, Thebault S, Arnold E, García C, Rivera JC, de la Escalera GM. Vasoinhibins: novel inhibitors of ocular angiogenesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 295:E772-8. [PMID: 18544641 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90358.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the quiescent state of blood vessels in the retina leads to aberrant vasopermeability and angiogenesis, the major causes of vision loss in diabetic retinopathy. Prolactin is expressed throughout the retina, where it is proteolytically cleaved to vasoinhibins, a family of peptides (including the 16-kDa fragment of prolactin) with potent antiangiogenic, vasoconstrictive, and antivasopermeability actions. Ocular vasoinhibins act directly on endothelial cells to block blood vessel growth and dilation and to promote apoptosis-mediated vascular regression. Also, vasoinhibins prevent retinal angiogenesis and vasopermeability associated with diabetic retinopathy, and inactivation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase via protein phosphatase 2A is among the various mechanisms mediating their actions. Here, we discuss the potential role of vasoinhibins both in the maintenance of normal retinal vasculature and in the cause and prevention of diabetic retinopathy and other vasoproliferative retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Apartado Postal 1-1141, Querétaro, Qro., Mexico, 76001.
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23
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Cheng G, Zhang H, Yang X, Tzima E, Ewalt KL, Schimmel P, Faber JE. Effect of mini-tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase on ischemic angiogenesis, leukocyte recruitment, and vascular permeability. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 295:R1138-46. [PMID: 18753262 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90519.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mini-tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (mini-TyrRS), the N-terminal domain of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase, is a recently identified protein released by endothelial cells that exhibits angiogenic and leukocyte chemoattractant, ELR-motif (Glu-Leu-Arg)-dependent activities in vitro. We sought to determine whether exogenous mini-TyrRS exerts these and other cytokine-like actions in physiological and pathological settings in vivo. High-dose mini-TyrRS (600 microg.kg(-1).day(-1)) augmented while low-dose mini-TyrRS (3 microg.kg(-1).day(-1)), unexpectedly, inhibited angiogenesis in the ischemic mouse ear. Enhanced angiogenesis was associated with increased CD45- and CD4-positive leukocyte accumulation. Mini-TyrRS also had biphasic actions on both basal and mustard oil-evoked and VEGF-evoked leakage of Evan's blue dye-albumin in nonischemic ear and in endothelial cell monolayers, that is, low-dose inhibited and high-dose augmented leakage. Mutation of the ELR motif of mini-TyrRS abolished the above activities. Mini-TyrRS was reduced (immunoblot) in extracts of ischemic calf muscle and in thoracic aorta explants exposed to hypoxia or VEGF. Inhibition of VEGF with a soluble Flt1 "trap" protein abolished this hypoxic-induced reduction in mini-TyrRS in aorta explants. These data show that mini-TyrRS has dose-dependent biphasic effects on ischemic angiogenesis and vascular permeability in vivo, that is, antiangiogenic and antipermeability activities at low concentration and proangiogenic, propermeability activities at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Dept. of Cell and Molecular Physiology, 6309 MBRB, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545, USA
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24
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25
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Schiffelers RM, Fens MH, van Blijswijk JM, Bink DI, Storm G. Targeting the retinal microcirculation to treat diabetic sight problems. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2007; 11:1493-502. [PMID: 18028012 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.11.11.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a secondary complication of hyperglycemia caused by diabetes mellitus. The damage to the retina can ultimately cause vision loss as a result of increased capillary permeability and angiogenesis. Recent progress in the understanding of the mediators that drive angiogenesis, as well as the phenotypes of cells that are involved in this process, has provided a multitude of targets for pharmacologic intervention. This review presents the inhibitors of the biochemical processes that are at the root of diabetic retinopathy (i.e., non-enzymatic glycosylation of biomolecules, oxidative stress, activation of aldose reductase and activation of protein kinase C by formation of diacylglycerol) in addition to the inhibitors of the mechanical damage (i.e., increased vascular permeability, capillary occlusion and neovascularization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond M Schiffelers
- Utrecht University, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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26
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Hernández C, Simó R. Strategies for blocking angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy: from basic science to clinical practice. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007; 16:1209-26. [PMID: 17685870 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.16.8.1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) demands both more effective and less expensive biologically based treatments. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease is increasing as new biochemical pathways are identified. Most reports emphasize proangiogenic stimuli, with the natural inhibitory elements receiving little attention. There are two therapeutic strategies for blocking retinal angiogenesis in PDR: systemic drug administration (protein kinase C inhibitors and somatostatin analogs) or local therapies (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor strategies, anti-inflammatory agents, gene therapy and stem cell therapy). This review mainly focuses on the role of local therapies, especially intravitreous delivery, in the management of PDR. The potential for adverse effect are also discussed. The availability of these new strategies or the combination of them will not only be beneficial in treating PDR but may also result in a shift towards treating earlier stages of diabetic retinopathy, thus easing the burden of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hernández
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Endocrinology Division, Pg. Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Kim YH, Choi MY, Kim YS, Park CH, Lee JH, Chung IY, Yoo JM, Choi WS, Cho GJ, Kang SS. Triamcinolone acetonide protects the rat retina from STZ-induced acute inflammation and early vascular leakage. Life Sci 2007; 81:1167-73. [PMID: 17881007 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ) has been commonly used to induce in vivo and in vitro hyperglycemic diabetes and its toxicity leads to inflammation and vascular injury. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA), as an anti-angiogenic/anti-inflammatory drug, is clinically used to improve the visual acuity in neovascular and edematous ocular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TA on early inflammation and vascular leakage in the retina of STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats. Hyperglycemia was induced in 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg); only rats with blood glucose levels >13.9 mmol/l 1 day after STZ injection were included in STZ-hyperglycemic group. Sex- and age-matched SD rats injected with buffer were used as the control group. One day before STZ and buffer injection, 2 microl TA (4 mg/ml in saline) and 2 microl saline were intravitreal-injected into the right and the left eyes of rats, respectively. Retinal vascular leakage was measured using the Evans-blue method. Changes in pro-inflammatory target genes, such as tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-alpha, intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assessed by immunoblottings, immunostaining, and ELISA analyses. Vascular hyperleakage and up-regulation of most pro-inflammatory genes peaked within a few days after STZ injection and had recovered. However, these changes were blocked by TA pretreatment. Our data suggest that TA controls STZ-induced early vascular leakage and temporary pro-inflammatory signals in the rat retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Science, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-751, South Korea
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28
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Oh HK, Ha JM, O E, Lee BH, Lee SK, Shim BS, Hong YK, Joe YA. Tumor angiogenesis promoted by ex vivo differentiated endothelial progenitor cells is effectively inhibited by an angiogenesis inhibitor, TK1-2. Cancer Res 2007; 67:4851-9. [PMID: 17510415 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neovascularization plays a critical role in the growth and metastatic spread of tumors and involves recruitment of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) from bone marrow as well as sprouting of preexisting endothelial cells. In this study, we examined if EPCs could promote tumor angiogenesis and would be an effective cellular target for an angiogenesis inhibitor, the recombinant kringle domain of tissue-type plasminogen activator (TK1-2). When TK1-2 was applied in the ex vivo culture of EPCs isolated from human cord blood, TK1-2 inhibited adhesive differentiation of mononuclear EPCs into endothelial-like cells. In addition, it inhibited the migration of ex vivo cultivated EPCs and also inhibited their adhesion to fibronectin matrix or endothelial cell monolayer. When A549 cancer cells were coimplanted along with ex vivo cultivated EPCs s.c. in nude mice, the tumor growth was increased. However, the tumor growth and the vascular density of tumor tissues increased by coimplanted EPCs were decreased upon TK1-2 treatment. Accordingly, TK1-2 treatment reduced the remaining number of EPCs in tumor tissues and their incorporation into the host vascular channels. In addition, overall expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and von Willebrand factor in tumor tissues were decreased upon TK1-2 treatment. Interestingly, strong VEGF expression by implanted EPCs was decreased by TK1-2. Finally, we confirmed in vitro that TK1-2 inhibited VEGF secretion of EPCs. TK1-2 also inhibited endothelial cell proliferation and migration induced by the conditioned medium of EPCs. Therefore, we concluded that EPCs, as well as mature endothelial cells, could be an important target of TK1-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Kyun Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, plays a key role in both physiologic and pathologic events, including wound healing, cancer, and diabetes. Neovascularization has been implicated in the genesis of diverse diabetic complications such as retinopathy, impaired wound healing, neuropathy, and, most recently, diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major microvascular-associated complications in diabetes and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. In this review we describe the major factors involved in the pathologic glomerular microvascular alterations in response to hyperglycemia and the possible use of anti-angiogenic therapies for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Zent
- Department of Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN, USA
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30
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Lin MI, Yu J, Murata T, Sessa WC. Caveolin-1-deficient mice have increased tumor microvascular permeability, angiogenesis, and growth. Cancer Res 2007; 67:2849-56. [PMID: 17363608 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a major structural protein that is essential to the formation of the organelle, caveolae. Cav-1 knockout (KO) mice were observed to be completely devoid of caveolae yet they exhibit a hyperpermeable vasculature. Given the nature of the hyperpermeable Cav-1 KO endothelium, we sought to investigate if tumors grown in Cav-1 KO mice would be leaky and grow faster. Indeed, Lewis lung carcinoma cells implanted into Cav-1 KO mice had increased tumor vascular permeability, measured by Evans blue extravasation and fibrinogen deposition compared with tumors implanted into wild-type (WT) mice. Cav-1 KO mice also had significantly higher tumor growth rates, attributable to increased tumor angiogenesis and decreased tumor cell death. Furthermore, administration of an antipermeability peptide, cavtratin, was able to correct the tumor hyperpermeability as well as attenuate the increased tumor growth. Mechanistically, endothelial cells isolated from Cav-1 KO mice exhibited increased tyrosine phosphorylation on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and decreased association with the adherens junction protein, VE-cadherin. Thus, the loss of Cav-1 increases tumor permeability and growth and that may relate to enhanced VEGF signaling due to lack of Cav-1 inhibition of VEGFR-2 or decreased VE-cadherin mediated VEGFR-2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle I Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA
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31
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Balaggan KS, Binley K, Esapa M, MacLaren RE, Iqball S, Duran Y, Pearson RA, Kan O, Barker SE, Smith AJ, Bainbridge JWB, Naylor S, Ali RR. EIAV vector-mediated delivery of endostatin or angiostatin inhibits angiogenesis and vascular hyperpermeability in experimental CNV. Gene Ther 2006; 13:1153-65. [PMID: 16572190 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV)-based lentiviral vectors encoding endostatin (EIAV.endostatin) or angiostatin (EIAV.angiostatin) in inhibiting angiogenesis and vascular hyperpermeability in the laser-induced model of choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). Equine infectious anaemia virus.endostatin, EIAV.angiostatin or control (EIAV.null) vectors were administered into the subretinal space of C57Bl/6J mice. Two weeks after laser injury CNV areas and the degree of vascular hyperpermeability were measured by image analysis of in vivo fluorescein angiograms. Compared with EIAV.null-injected eyes, EIAV.endostatin resulted in a 59.5% (P<0.001) reduction in CNV area and a reduction in hyperpermeability of 25.6% (P<0.05). Equine infectious anaemia virus.angiostatin resulted in a 50.0% (P<0.05) reduction in CNV area and a 23.9% (P<0.05) reduction in hyperpermeability. Equine infectious anaemia virus.endostatin, but not EIAV.angiostatin significantly augmented the frequency of apoptosis within the induced CNV as compared with injected controls. TdT-dUTP terminal nick end labeling analysis 5 weeks post-injection, and histological and retinal flatmount analysis 12 months post-injection revealed no evidence of vector- or transgene expression-related deleterious effects on neurosensory retinal cells, or mature retinal vasculature in non-lasered eyes. Highly expressing EIAV-based vectors encoding endostatin or angiostatin effectively control angiogenesis and hyperpermeability in experimental CNV without long-term deleterious effects, supporting the use of such a strategy in the management of patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Balaggan
- Division of Molecular Therapy, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
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Zhang SX, Wang JJ, Lu K, Mott R, Longeras R, Ma JX. Therapeutic potential of angiostatin in diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:475-86. [PMID: 16394111 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2005020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiostatin is a proteolytic fragment of plasminogen and a potent angiogenic inhibitor. Previous studies have shown that angiostatin inhibits retinal neovascularization and reduces retinal vascular permeability in diabetic retinopathy. Here, it is reported for the first time that angiostatin is also implicated in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Angiostatin levels are dramatically decreased in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Consistently, diabetic kidneys also showed decreased expression and proteolytic activities of matrix metalloproteinase-2, an enzyme that releases angiostatin from plasminogen. Adenovirus-mediated delivery of angiostatin significantly alleviated albuminuria and attenuated the glomerular hypertrophy in diabetic rats. Moreover, angiostatin treatment downregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and TGF-beta1, two major pathogenic factors of DN, in diabetic kidneys. In cultured human mesangial cells, angiostatin blocked the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and TGF-beta1 that were induced by high glucose while increasing the levels of pigment epithelium-derived factor, an endogenous inhibitor of DN. Moreover, angiostatin effectively inhibited the high-glucose-and TGF-beta1-induced overproduction of proinflammatory factors and extracellular matrix proteins via blockade of the Smad signaling pathway. These findings suggest that the decrease of angiostatin levels in diabetic kidney may contribute to the pathologic changes such as inflammation and fibrosis in DN. Therefore, angiostatin has therapeutic potential in DN as a result of its anti-inflammatory and antifibrosis activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Medicine Endocrinology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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Zhang SX, Wang JJ, Gao G, Shao C, Mott R, Ma JX. Pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF) is an endogenous antiinflammatory factor. FASEB J 2005; 20:323-5. [PMID: 16368716 DOI: 10.1096/fj.05-4313fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a potent angiogenic inhibitor. Reduced PEDF levels are associated with diabetic retinopathy. However, the mechanism for the protective effects of PEDF against diabetic retinopathy (DR) is presently unclear. As inflammation plays a role in DR, the present study determined the effect of PEDF on inflammation. Western blot analysis and ELISA demonstrated that retinal and plasma PEDF levels were drastically decreased in rats with endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU), which suggests that PEDF is a negative acute-phase protein. Intravitreal injection of PEDF significantly reduced vascular hyper-permeability in rat models of diabetes and oxygen-induced retinopathy, correlating with the decreased levels of retinal inflammatory factors, including VEGF, VEGF receptor-2, MCP-1, TNF-alpha, and ICAM-1. In cultured retinal capillary endothelial cells, PEDF significantly decreased TNF-alpha and ICAM-1 expression under hypoxia. Moreover, down-regulation of PEDF expression by siRNA resulted in significantly increases of VEGF and TNF-alpha secretion in retinal Müller cells. These findings suggest that PEDF is a novel endogenous anti-inflammatory factor in the eye. The decrease of ocular PEDF levels may contribute to inflammation and vascular leakage in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah X Zhang
- Department of Medicine Endocrinology, Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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34
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Dinculescu A, Glushakova L, Min SH, Hauswirth WW. Adeno-associated virus-vectored gene therapy for retinal disease. Hum Gene Ther 2005; 16:649-63. [PMID: 15960597 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have become powerful gene delivery tools for the treatment of retinal degeneration in a variety of animal models that mimic corresponding human diseases. AAV vectors possess a number of features that render them ideally suited for retinal gene therapy, including a lack of pathogenicity, minimal immunogenicity, and the ability to transduce postmitotic cells in a stable and efficient manner. In the sheltered environment of the retina, AAV vectors are able to maintain high levels of transgene expression in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), photoreceptors, or ganglion cells for long periods of time after a single treatment. Each cell type can be specifically targeted by choosing the appropriate combination of AAV serotype, promoter, and intraocular injection site. The focus of this review is on examples of AAV-mediated gene therapy in those animal models of inherited retinal degeneration caused by mutations directly affecting the interacting unit formed by photoreceptors and the RPE. In each case discussed, expression of the therapeutic gene resulted in significant recovery of retinal structure and/or visual function. Because of the key role of the vasculature in maintaining a healthy retina, a summary of AAV gene therapy applications in animal models of retinal neovascular diseases is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astra Dinculescu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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