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Thapliyal A, Tomar AK, Naglot S, Dhiman S, Datta SK, Sharma JB, Singh N, Yadav S. Exploring Differentially Expressed Sperm miRNAs in Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Their Association with Early Embryonic Development. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:41. [PMID: 39051375 PMCID: PMC11270218 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (iRPL) may stem from the limited research on male contributory factors. Many studies suggest that sperm DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress contribute to iRPL, but their roles are still debated. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate various biological processes by modulating gene expression. While differential expression of specific miRNAs has been observed in women suffering from recurrent miscarriages, paternal miRNAs remain unexplored. We hypothesize that analyzing sperm miRNAs can provide crucial insights into the pathophysiology of iRPL. Therefore, this study aims to identify dysregulated miRNAs in the spermatozoa of male partners of iRPL patients. Total mRNA was extracted from sperm samples of iRPL and control groups, followed by miRNA library preparation and high-output miRNA sequencing. Subsequently, raw sequence reads were processed for differential expression analysis, target prediction, and bioinformatics analysis. Twelve differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the iRPL group, with eight miRNAs upregulated (hsa-miR-4454, hsa-miR-142-3p, hsa-miR-145-5p, hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-1246, hsa-miR-7977, hsa-miR-449c-5p, and hsa-miR-92b-3p) and four downregulated (hsa-miR-29c-3p, hsa-miR-30b-5p, hsa-miR-519a-2-5p, and hsa-miR-520b-5p). Functional enrichment analysis revealed that gene targets of the upregulated miRNAs are involved in various biological processes closely associated with sperm quality and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Thapliyal
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Anil Kumar Tomar
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sarla Naglot
- Division of Reproductive, Child Health and Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Soniya Dhiman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Sudip Kumar Datta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Jai Bhagwan Sharma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Neeta Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Savita Yadav
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Leung ETY, Lee BKM, Lee CL, Tian X, Lam KKW, Li RHW, Ng EHY, Yeung WSB, Ou JP, Chiu PCN. The role of spermatozoa-zona pellucida interaction in selecting fertilization-competent spermatozoa in humans. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1135973. [PMID: 37020592 PMCID: PMC10067631 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1135973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human fertilization begins when a capacitated spermatozoon binds to the zona pellucida (ZP) surrounding a mature oocyte. Defective spermatozoa-ZP interaction contributes to male infertility and is a leading cause of reduced fertilization rates in assisted reproduction treatments (ARTs). Human ejaculate contains millions of spermatozoa with varying degrees of fertilization potential and genetic quality, of which only thousands of motile spermatozoa can bind to the ZP at the fertilization site. This observation suggests that human ZP selectively interacts with competitively superior spermatozoa characterized by high fertilizing capability and genetic integrity. However, direct evidence for ZP-mediated sperm selection process is lacking. This study aims to demonstrate that spermatozoa-ZP interaction represents a crucial step in selecting fertilization-competent spermatozoa in humans. ZP-bound and unbound spermatozoa were respectively collected by a spermatozoa-ZP coincubation assay. The time-course data demonstrated that ZP interacted with a small proportion of motile spermatozoa. Heat shock 70 kDa protein 2 (HSPA2) and sperm acrosome associated 3 (SPACA 3) are two protein markers associated with the sperm ZP-binding ability. Immunofluorescent staining indicated that the ZP-bound spermatozoa had significantly higher expression levels of HSPA2 and SPACA3 than the unbound spermatozoa. ZP-bound spermatozoa had a significantly higher level of normal morphology, DNA integrity, chromatin integrity, protamination and global methylation when compared to the unbound spermatozoa. The results validated the possibility of applying spermatozoa-ZP interaction to select fertilization-competent spermatozoa in ART. This highly selective interaction might also provide diagnostic information regarding the fertilization potential and genetic qualities of spermatozoa independent of those derived from the standard semen analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica T. Y. Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Brayden K. M. Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheuk-Lun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong – Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyi Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kevin K. W. Lam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong – Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Raymond H. W. Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong – Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ernest H. Y. Ng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong – Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - William S. B. Yeung
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong – Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Ping Ou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Philip C. N. Chiu, ; Jian-Ping Ou,
| | - Philip C. N. Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Fertility Regulation, The University of Hong Kong – Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Philip C. N. Chiu, ; Jian-Ping Ou,
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Abu-Halima M, Becker LS, Ayesh BM, Meese E. MicroRNA-targeting in male infertility: Sperm microRNA-19a/b-3p and its spermatogenesis related transcripts content in men with oligoasthenozoospermia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:973849. [PMID: 36211460 PMCID: PMC9533736 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.973849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To elucidate and validate the potential regulatory function of miR-19a/b-3p and its spermatogenesis-related transcripts content in sperm samples collected from men with oligoasthenozoospermia. Methods: Men presenting at an infertility clinic were enrolled. MicroRNA (miRNA) and target genes evaluation were carried out using in silico prediction analysis, Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) validation, and Western blot confirmation. Results: The expression levels of miRNA-19a/b-3p were significantly up-regulated and 51 target genes were significantly down-regulated in oligoasthenozoospermic men compared with age-matched normozoospermic men as determined by RT-qPCR. Correlation analysis highlighted that sperm count, motility, and morphology were negatively correlated with miRNA-19a/b-3p and positively correlated with the lower expression level of 51 significantly identified target genes. Furthermore, an inverse correlation between higher expression levels of miRNA-19a/b-3p and lower expression levels of 51 target genes was observed. Consistent with the results of the RT-qPCR, reduced expression levels of STK33 and DNAI1 protein levels were identified in an independent cohort of sperm samples collected from men with oligoasthenozoospermia. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the higher expression of miRNA-19a/b-3p or the lower expression of target genes are associated with oligoasthenozoospermia and male infertility, probably through influencing basic semen parameters. This study lay the groundwork for future studies focused on investigating therapies for male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Abu-Halima
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Masood Abu-Halima,
| | | | - Basim M. Ayesh
- Department of Laboratory Medical Sciences, Alaqsa University, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Eckart Meese
- Institute of Human Genetics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Mohanty G, Jena SR, Kar S, Samanta L. Paternal factors in recurrent pregnancy loss: an insight through analysis of non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism in human testis-specific chaperone HSPA2 gene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62219-62234. [PMID: 34845642 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2) is a testis-specific molecular chaperone of the 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) family and reported to play a key role in spermatogenesis as well as in the remodelling of the sperm surface during capacitation. It is established that mice lacking HSPA2 gene are infertile and spermatozoa that fail to interact with the zona pellucida of the oocyte consistently lack HSPA2 protein expression. However, its role in post fertilization events is not fully understood. Owing to the importance of HSPA2 in male reproduction, the present study is undertaken to reveal the association between genetic mutation and phenotypic variation in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) patients through an in silico prediction analysis. In this study, we used different computational tools and servers such as SIFT, PolyPhen2, PROVEAN, nsSNPAnalyzer, and SNPs & GO to analyse the functional consequences of the nsSNPs in human HSPA2 gene. The most damaging amino acid variants generated were subjected to I-Mutant 2.0 and ConSurf. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation mediated by these deleterious nsSNPs were analysed using NetPhos 2.0, and gene-gene interaction study was conducted using GeneMANIA. Finally, in-depth studies of the nsSNPs were studied through Project HOPE. The findings of the study revealed 18 nsSNPs to be deleterious using a combinatorial bioinformatic approach. Further functional analysis suggests that screening of nsSNP variants of HSPA2 that tend to be conserved and has potential to undergo phosphorylation at critical positions (rs764410231, rs200951589, rs756852956) may be useful for predicting outcome in altered reproductive outcome. The physicochemical alterations and its impact on the structural and functional conformity were determined by Project HOPE. Gene-gene interaction depicts its close association with antioxidant enzyme (SOD1) strongly supporting an inefficient oxidative scavenging regulatory mechanism in the spermatozoa of RPL patients as reported earlier. The present study has thus identified high-risk deleterious nsSNPs of HSPA2 gene and would be beneficial in the diagnosis and prognosis of the paternal effects in RPL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Mohanty
- Redox Biology & Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
- Centre for Excellence in Environment and Public Health, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Jena
- Redox Biology & Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
- Centre for Excellence in Environment and Public Health, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Sujata Kar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kar Clinic and Hospital Pvt. Ltd., Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Luna Samanta
- Redox Biology & Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India.
- Centre for Excellence in Environment and Public Health, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India.
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Zhai LL, Qiao PP, Sun YS, Ju TF, Tang ZG. Tumorigenic and immunological roles of Heat shock protein A2 in pancreatic cancer: a bioinformatics analysis. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2022; 68:470-475. [PMID: 35649069 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heat shock protein A2 has been reported to be tightly associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. This study aimed to determine the oncogenic and immunological roles of Heat shock protein A2 in pancreatic cancer by bioinformatics. METHODS Expression of Heat shock protein A2 in tumorous and normal specimens of pancreatic cancer was analyzed using the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Cancer Genome Atlas + Genotype-Tissue Expression data sets, respectively. Relationships of Heat shock protein A2 expression with immune infiltrates in pancreatic cancer were assessed. Heat shock protein A2-associated coexpressed genes in pancreatic cancer were obtained, followed by the implementation of enrichment analysis. RESULTS The data demonstrated that Heat shock protein A2 was significantly overexpressed in tumorous samples compared with normal samples. Heat shock protein A2 expression was remarkably positively interrelated with CD8+ T cell, neutrophil, dendritic cell, and macrophage, but not with CD4+ T and B cells. Heat shock protein A2 expression was markedly positively relevant to both cancer-associated fibroblast and endothelial cell. Enrichment data revealed that Heat shock protein A2 was intimately involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSION Heat shock protein A2 is upregulated in pancreatic cancer and is closely associated with tumor immunity and aggressive progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Zhai
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of General Surgery - Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yue-Shen Sun
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital - Beijing, China
| | - Tong-Fa Ju
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Department of General Surgery - Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Tang
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of General Surgery - Wuhan, China
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Nowicka-Bauer K, Malcher A, Włoczkowska O, Kamieniczna M, Olszewska M, Kurpisz MK. Evaluation of seminal plasma HSPA2 protein as a biomarker of human spermatogenesis status. Reprod Biol 2021; 22:100597. [PMID: 34959194 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, testicular Heat shock-related 70 kDa protein 2 (HSPA2) is a chaperon strictly linked to spermatogenesis status, whereas its presence in spermatozoa ensures successful oocyte fertilization. However, there is little information on this protein in seminal plasma in infertile males. Based on our previous two independent studies, we have selected HSPA2 to evaluate this seminal plasma protein is a potential biomarker of correct spermatogenesis. Using immunoblotting and mass spectrometry (MS) we have screened human seminal plasma samples for the presence of HSPA2. Samples were obtained from individuals with normozoospermia, cryptozoospermia, non-obstructive and obstructive azoospermia. Our results showed a lack of HSPA2 in seminal plasma in all azoospermic males however, in cryptozoospermia the results were extremely diversified. Additionally, the application of 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) indicated the presence of additional protein isoforms suggesting possible mechanisms underlying the male infertility. Our findings suggest seminal plasma HSPA2 protein as a possible biomarker not only of spermatogenesis status, especially in cryptozoospermic males, but also as a biomarker predicting the success of reproductive treatment including assisted reproductive techniques (ART).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Malcher
- Institute of Human Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Olga Włoczkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Marta Olszewska
- Institute of Human Genetics Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Malik JA, Lone R. Heat shock proteins with an emphasis on HSP 60. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6959-6969. [PMID: 34498161 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock phenomenon is a process by which cells express a set of proteins called heat shock proteins (HSPs) against heat stress. HSPs include several families depending upon the molecular weight of the respective protein. Among the different HSPs, The HSP60 is one of the main components representing the framework of chaperone system. HSP60 plays a myriad number of roles like chaperoning, thermotolerance, apoptosis, cancer, immunology and embryonic development. In this review we discussed briefly the general knowledge and focussed on HSP60 in terms of structure, regulation and function in various physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javid Ahmad Malik
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rafiq Lone
- Department of Botany, Central University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Zhai LL, Qiao PP, Sun YS, Tang ZG, Ju TF. Upregulated HSPA2 predicts early relapse of pancreatic cancer after surgery. Gland Surg 2021; 10:2140-2149. [PMID: 34422585 DOI: 10.21037/gs-21-262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2) is known to relate to the pathogenesis and progress of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the connection between HSPA2 and early postsurgical relapse of pancreatic cancer (PC). Methods Expression of HSPA2 in 85 pairs of cancerous and matched noncancerous samples was determined by immunostaining method. The relationship between HSPA2 expression and early postsurgical recurrence was assessed using logistic regression. The performance and potential application of HSPA2 expression to predict early postsurgical recurrence was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results HSPA2 expression in tumor specimens was markedly elevated compared with non-tumor specimens. Logistic regression analysis indicated that HSPA2 upregulation was an independent risk marker for early postsurgical recurrence of PC. ROC curve analysis and DCA demonstrated that both the area under the curve (AUC) and the net benefit of HSPA2 expression were higher than those of other clinicopathologic features in predicting early postsurgical relapse of PC. The combination of HSPA2 expression with other malignant clinicopathologic characteristics had greater AUC and net benefit relative to them alone in predicting early postsurgical recurrence. Conclusions Upregulated HSPA2 independently predicts early postsurgical recurrence of PC and has superior predictive performance and potential application value when combined with malignant clinicopathologic features. Our findings reveal that HSPA2 is a promising predictor for early postoperative relapse of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Zhai
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Yue-Shen Sun
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong-Fa Ju
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Dias TR, Agarwal A, Pushparaj PN, Ahmad G, Sharma R. Reduced semen quality in patients with testicular cancer seminoma is associated with alterations in the expression of sperm proteins. Asian J Androl 2020; 22:88-93. [PMID: 31006710 PMCID: PMC6958970 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_17_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular cancer seminoma is one of the most common types of cancer among men of reproductive age. Patients with this condition usually present reduced semen quality, even before initiating cancer therapy. However, the underlying mechanisms by which testicular cancer seminoma affects male fertility are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the sperm proteome of men with seminoma undergoing sperm banking before starting cancer therapy, in comparison to healthy proven fertile men (control group). A routine semen analysis was conducted before cryopreservation of the samples (n = 15 per group). Men with seminoma showed a decrease in sperm motility (P = 0.019), total motile count (P = 0.001), concentration (P = 0.003), and total sperm count (P = 0.001). Quantitative proteomic analysis identified 393 differentially expressed proteins between the study groups. Ten proteins involved in spermatogenesis, sperm function, binding of sperm to the oocyte, and fertilization were selected for validation by western blot. We confirmed the underexpression of heat shock-related 70 kDa protein 2 (P = 0.041), ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase core protein 2 (P = 0.026), and testis-specific sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 (P = 0.016), as well as the overexpression of angiotensin I converting enzyme (P = 0.005) in the seminoma group. The altered expression levels of these proteins are associated with spermatogenesis dysfunction, reduced sperm kinematics and motility, failure in capacitation and fertilization. The findings of this study may explain the decrease in the fertilizing ability of men with seminoma before starting cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia R Dias
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã 6201-001, Portugal.,Department of Microscopy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Peter N Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulfam Ahmad
- Division of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney University, Lidcombe NSW 2141, Australia
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Williams PA, Kobilnyk HE, McMillan EA, Strochlic TI. MAPKAP kinase 2-mediated phosphorylation of HspA1L protects male germ cells from heat stress-induced apoptosis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:1127-1136. [PMID: 31642047 PMCID: PMC6882973 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing male germ cells are extremely sensitive to heat stress; consequently, anatomic and physiologic adaptations have evolved to maintain proper thermoregulation during mammalian spermatogenesis. At the cellular level, increased expression and activity of HSP70 family members occur in response to heat stress in order to refold partially denatured proteins and restore function. In addition, several kinase-mediated signaling pathways are activated in the testis upon hyperthermia. The p38 MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway plays an important role in mitigating heat stress, and recent findings have implicated the downstream p38 substrate, MAPKAP kinase 2 (MK2), in this process. However, the precise function that this kinase plays in spermatogenesis is not completely understood. Using a proteomics-based screen, we identified and subsequently validated that the testis-enriched HSP70 family member, HspA1L, is a novel substrate of MK2. We demonstrate that MK2 phosphorylates HspA1L solely on Ser241, a residue within the N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain of the enzyme. This phosphorylation event enhances the chaperone activity of HspA1L in vitro and renders male germ cells more resistant to heat stress-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these findings illustrate a novel stress-induced signaling cascade that promotes the chaperone activity of HspA1L with implications for understanding male reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th St., MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Heather E Kobilnyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th St., MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Emily A McMillan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th St., MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Todd I Strochlic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 N. 15th St., MS 497, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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Heat Shock Protein A2 (HSPA2): Regulatory Roles in Germ Cell Development and Sperm Function. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2017; 222:67-93. [PMID: 28389751 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51409-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the numerous families of heat shock protein (HSP) that have been implicated in the regulation of reproductive system development and function, those belonging to the 70 kDa HSP family have emerged as being indispensable for male fertility. In particular, the testis-enriched heat shock 70 kDa protein 2 (HSPA2) has been shown to be critical for the progression of germ cell differentiation during spermatogenesis in the mouse model. Beyond this developmentally important window, mounting evidence has also implicated HSPA2 in the functional transformation of the human sperm cell during their ascent of the female reproductive tract. Specifically, HSPA2 appears to coordinate the remodelling of specialised sperm domains overlying the anterior region of the sperm head compatible with their principle role in oocyte recognition. The fact that levels of the HSPA2 protein in mature spermatozoa tightly correlate with the efficacy of oocyte binding highlight its utility as a powerful prognostic biomarker of male fertility. In this chapter, we consider the unique structural and biochemical characteristics of HSPA2 that enable this heat shock protein to fulfil its prominent roles in orchestrating the morphological differentiation of male germ cells during spermatogenesis as well as their functional transformation during post-testicular sperm maturation.
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Tian Y, Li L, Zhang F, Xu J. Seminal plasma HSPA2 mRNA content is associated with semen quality. J Assist Reprod Genet 2016; 33:1079-84. [PMID: 27209630 PMCID: PMC4974226 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-016-0730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell-free mRNAs (cfmRNAs) were quantitatively measured in human seminal plasma and its relationship with semen quality was investigated. METHODS Herein, a prospectively, controlled investigation was performed to study seminal plasma HSPA2 and uPA cfmRNA alterations between 21 asthenozoospermic patients and 16 normozoospermic individuals. Standard semen analysis was performed and seminal plasma cfmRNAs content was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. In addition, the regression analysis between seminal plasma cfmRNAs expression and semen parameters was performed. RESULTS Seminal plasma HSPA2, but not uPA cfmRNA indicated significant difference between normozoospermia and asthenozoospermia men (P = 0.02444 and 0.07811, respectively). Negative correlation between HSPA2 cfmRNA and sperm motility (R (2) = 0.213, P = 0.004) as well as sperm concentration (R (2) = 0.133, P = 0.026) were revealed. However, no correlation was found between seminal plasma uPA cfmRNA content and semen parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that seminal plasma HSPA2 cfmRNA is different between asthenozoospermic and normozoospermic individuals and it might be an indicator for semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Tian
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310006
| | - Lejun Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310006
| | - Fengbin Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310006
| | - Jian Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, 310006.
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13
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Huang YL, Fu Q, Pan H, Chen FM, Zhao XL, Wang HJ, Zhang PF, Huang FL, Lu YQ, Zhang M. Spermatogenesis-associated proteins at different developmental stages of buffalo testicular seminiferous tubules identified by comparative proteomic analysis. Proteomics 2016; 16:2005-18. [PMID: 27173832 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The testicular seminiferous tubules contain Sertoli cells and different types of spermatogenic cells. They provide the microenvironment for spermatogenesis, but the precise molecular mechanism of spermatogenesis is still not well known. Here, we have employed tandem mass tag coupled to LC-MS/MS with the high-throughput quantitative proteomics technology to explore the protein expression from buffalo testicular seminiferous tubules at three different developmental stages (prepuberty, puberty, and postpuberty). The results show 304 differentially expressed proteins with a ≥2-fold change, and bioinformatics analysis indicates that 27 of these may be associated with spermatogenesis. Expression patterns of seven selected proteins were verified via Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR analysis, and further cellular localizations of these proteins by immunohistochemical or immunofluorescence analysis. Taken together, the results provide potential molecular markers of spermatogenesis and provide a rich resource for further studies on male reproduction regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Hong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Ling Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Qing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China.,Guangxi High Education Laboratory for Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology, Nanning, Guangxi, P. R. China
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14
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Wan J, Wu W, Huang Y, Ge W, Liu S. Incomplete radiofrequency ablation accelerates proliferation and angiogenesis of residual lung carcinomas via HSP70/HIF-1α. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:659-68. [PMID: 27278081 PMCID: PMC4933553 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy has been proved effective and feasible for lung cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of local lung cancer recurrence following RFA are poorly understood. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of HSP70/HIF-1α to affect the proliferation and angiogenesis of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) following insufficient RFA to uncover the molecular mechanisms of local recurrence. In vitro heat treatment was used to establish sublines of NCI-H1650 cells. The NCI-H1650 subline that was established by heat treatment at 54°C had a relatively higher viability and significantly elevated heat tolerance (compared to the parental strain). After treatment with the HSP70 inhibitor VER-155008, the HIF-1α inhibitor YC-1 and PI3K/Akt inhibitor wortmannin, the viability and proliferation rate of the cells was measured. At the same time, HSP70, HIF-1α and Akt were detected by real-time PCR and western blotting. In vivo xenograft tumors were created by subcutaneously inoculating nude mice with NCI-H1650 cells. HSP70, HIF-1α and Akt were detected by western blotting, and CD34 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry before and after RFA or treatment with the VER-155008, YC-1 or wortmannin inhibitors. The heat-adapted NCI-H1650 subline established in vitro had a higher viability and proliferative activity compared to parental cells. Inhibiting HSP70/HIF-1α abolished this difference. Blocking the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway decreased HSP70/HIF-1α expression levels. In vivo, we found that incomplete RFA treatment promoted HSP70/HIF-1α and CD34 expression. Additionally, the combination of RFA and treatment targeting HSP70/HIF-1α resulted in a synergistic reduction in tumor growth compared to incomplete RFA alone. The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is also involved in regulating HSP70/HIF-1α expression during this process. We conclude that the accelerated proliferation and angiogenesis potential of residual lung carcinomas following RFA treatment was induced by HSP70/HIF-1α, expression of which is regulated by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Shandong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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15
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Nixon B, Bromfield EG, Dun MD, Redgrove KA, McLaughlin EA, Aitken RJ. The role of the molecular chaperone heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2) in regulating human sperm-egg recognition. Asian J Androl 2016; 17:568-73. [PMID: 25865850 PMCID: PMC4492046 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.151395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common lesions present in the spermatozoa of human infertility patients is an idiopathic failure of sperm-egg recognition. Although this unique cellular interaction can now be readily by-passed by assisted reproductive strategies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), recent large-scale epidemiological studies have encouraged the cautious use of this technology and highlighted the need for further research into the mechanisms responsible for defective sperm-egg recognition. Previous work in this field has established that the sperm domains responsible for oocyte interaction are formed during spermatogenesis prior to being dynamically modified during epididymal maturation and capacitation in female reproductive tract. While the factors responsible for the regulation of these sequential maturational events are undoubtedly complex, emerging research has identified the molecular chaperone, heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2), as a key regulator of these events in human spermatozoa. HSPA2 is a testis-enriched member of the 70 kDa heat shock protein family that promotes the folding, transport, and assembly of protein complexes and has been positively correlated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) success. Furthermore, reduced expression of HSPA2 from the human sperm proteome leads to an impaired capacity for cumulus matrix dispersal, sperm-egg recognition and fertilization following both IVF and ICSI. In this review, we consider the evidence supporting the role of HSPA2 in sperm function and explore the potential mechanisms by which it is depleted in the spermatozoa of infertile patients. Such information offers novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing sperm function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science; Priority Research Centre in Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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16
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Testis-enriched heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2): Adaptive advantages of the birds with internal testes over the mammals with testicular descent. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18770. [PMID: 26733092 PMCID: PMC4702119 DOI: 10.1038/srep18770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperone heat shock protein A2 (HSPA2), a member of the 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) family, plays an important role in spermatogenesis and male fertility. Although HSPA2 is evolutionarily highly conserved across the metazoan lineages, the observation of striking differences in temperature-sensitive expressions, testicular physiology, spermatogenesis, as well as its role in male fertility indicates that avian and mammalian HSPA2 may exhibit distinct evolutionary trajectory. The present study reports that while mammalian HSPA2 is constrained by intense purifying selection, avian HSPA2 has been subjected to positive selection. The majority of the positively selected amino acid residues fall on the α-helix and β-sheets of the peptide-binding domain located at the carboxyl-terminal region of the avian HSPA2. The detection of positively selected sites at the helix and β-sheets, which are less tolerant to molecular adaptation, indicates an important functional consequence and contribution to the structural and functional diversification of the avian HSPA2. Collectively, avian HSPA2 may have an adaptive advantage over the mammals in response to heat stress, and therefore, mammals with testicular descent may be at a greater risk in the event of scrotal temperature rise.
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17
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Eggers S, DeBoer KD, van den Bergen J, Gordon L, White SJ, Jamsai D, McLachlan RI, Sinclair AH, O'Bryan MK. Copy number variation associated with meiotic arrest in idiopathic male infertility. Fertil Steril 2015; 103:214-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Depression of HspA2 in human testis is associated with spermatogenic impairment and fertilization rate in ICSI treatment for azoospermic individuals. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:1687-93. [PMID: 25308252 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Heat shock protein A2 (HspA2) expression was quantitatively measured in human testis and its relationship with the spermatogenetic status and laboratory outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was investigated. METHODS Testicular tissues of azoospermia men were divided into four groups according to histopahtology: normal spermatogenesiss, hypospermatogenesis, maturation arrest and Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS). HspA2 immunostaining was measured by Image Pro-Plus (IPP) and laboratory outcomes were calculated. The regression analysis between HspA2 expression and Johnsen score of as well as fertilization, cleavage and high quality embryo rate was performed. RESULTS HspA2 was strongly present in the cytoplasm of spermatocytes and spermatides in normal testis. However, hypospermatogenesis and maturation arrest testicular tissues demonstrated light staining and no staining for SCOS. Quantitative image analysis showed that there were significant differences among groups (P = 0.000 & P = 0.001). HspA2 exspression was founded significantly correlated spermatogenetic status (R(2) = 0.726, P = 0.000) as well as fertilization rate in ICSI (R(2) = 0.569, P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS The fertilization rate with ICSI is associated with HspA2 expression in the testis from which sperm retrieved and the alteration of HspA2 expression has been involved in spermatogenic impairment.
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19
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Amaral A, Paiva C, Attardo Parrinello C, Estanyol JM, Ballescà JL, Ramalho-Santos J, Oliva R. Identification of proteins involved in human sperm motility using high-throughput differential proteomics. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5670-84. [PMID: 25250979 DOI: 10.1021/pr500652y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sperm motility is a prerequisite for in vivo fertilization, and alterations in this parameter are commonly observed in infertile males. However, we still do not have a complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling it. The aim of this study was to identify proteins involved in human sperm motility deficiency by using TMT protein labeling and LC-MS/MS. Two complementary approaches were used: comparison between sperm samples differing in motility (asthenozoospermic versus normozoospermic) and comparison between sperm subpopulations of fractionated normozoospermic samples differing in motility (non-migrated versus migrated). LC-MS/MS resulted in the identification of 1157 and 887 proteins in the first and second approaches, respectively. Remarkably, similar proteomic alterations were detected in the two experiments, with 80 proteins differentially expressed in the two groups of samples and 93 differentially expressed in the two groups of subpopulations. The differential proteins were analyzed by GO, cellular pathways, and clustering analyses and resulted in the identification of core deregulated proteins and pathways associated with sperm motility dysfunction. These included proteins associated with energetic metabolism, protein folding/degradation, vesicle trafficking, and the cytoskeleton. Contrary to what is usually accepted, the outcomes support the hypothesis that several metabolic pathways (notably, mitochondrial-related ones) contribute toward regulating sperm motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Amaral
- Human Genetics Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona , Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Rogon C, Ulbricht A, Hesse M, Alberti S, Vijayaraj P, Best D, Adams IR, Magin TM, Fleischmann BK, Höhfeld J. HSP70-binding protein HSPBP1 regulates chaperone expression at a posttranslational level and is essential for spermatogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2260-71. [PMID: 24899640 PMCID: PMC4116300 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-02-0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones play key roles during growth, development, and stress survival. The ability to induce chaperone expression enables cells to cope with the accumulation of nonnative proteins under stress and complete developmental processes with an increased requirement for chaperone assistance. Here we generate and analyze transgenic mice that lack the cochaperone HSPBP1, a nucleotide-exchange factor of HSP70 proteins and inhibitor of chaperone-assisted protein degradation. Male HSPBP1(-/-) mice are sterile because of impaired meiosis and massive apoptosis of spermatocytes. HSPBP1 deficiency in testes strongly reduces the expression of the inducible, antiapoptotic HSP70 family members HSPA1L and HSPA2, the latter of which is essential for synaptonemal complex disassembly during meiosis. We demonstrate that HSPBP1 affects chaperone expression at a posttranslational level by inhibiting the ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of inducible HSP70 proteins. We further provide evidence that the cochaperone BAG2 contributes to HSP70 stabilization in tissues other than testes. Our findings reveal that chaperone expression is determined not only by regulated transcription, but also by controlled degradation, with degradation-inhibiting cochaperones exerting essential prosurvival functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rogon
- Institut für Zellbiologie and Bonner Forum Biomedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Ulbricht
- Institut für Zellbiologie and Bonner Forum Biomedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institut für Physiologie I, Life and Brain Centre, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Alberti
- Institut für Zellbiologie and Bonner Forum Biomedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Preethi Vijayaraj
- Abteilung für Zellbiochemie, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana Best
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Adams
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Abteilung für Zellbiochemie, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institut für Physiologie I, Life and Brain Centre, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Höhfeld
- Institut für Zellbiologie and Bonner Forum Biomedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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21
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Zheng BB, Fang YN, Pan ZY, Sun L, Deng XX, Grosser JW, Guo WW. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis revealed alterations of carbohydrate metabolism pathways and mitochondrial proteins in a male sterile cybrid pummelo. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2998-3015. [PMID: 24824475 DOI: 10.1021/pr500126g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive and quantitative proteomic information on citrus floral bud is significant for understanding male sterility of the cybrid pummelo (G1+HBP) with nuclear genome of HBP and foreign mitochondrial genome of G1. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses of the anthers showed that the development of pollen wall in G1+HBP was severely defective with a lack of exine and sporopollenin formation. Proteomic analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins between male sterile G1+HBP and fertile type (HBP) with the aim to clarify their potential roles in anther development and male sterility. On the basis of iTRAQ quantitative proteomics, we identified 2235 high-confidence protein groups, 666 of which showed differentially expressed profiles in one or more stages. Proteins up- or down-regulated in G1+HBP were mainly involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism (e.g., pyruvate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, ATP synthase, and malate dehydrogenase), nucleotide binding (RNA-binding proteins), protein synthesis and degradation (e.g., ribosome proteins and proteasome subunits). Additionally, the proteins located in mitochondria also showed changed expression patterns. These findings provide a valuable inventory of proteins involved in floral bud development and contribute to elucidate the mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility in the cybrid pummelo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Bei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070, China
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22
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Liu M, Shi X, Bi Y, Qi L, Guo X, Wang L, Zhou Z, Sha J. SHCBP1L, a conserved protein in mammals, is predominantly expressed in male germ cells and maintains spindle stability during meiosis in testis. Mol Hum Reprod 2014; 20:463-75. [PMID: 24557841 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gau014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Male subfertility due to falling sperm counts has become an increasing problem over a short timescale (50-70 years). Recently, bioinformatics analysis of the human testis proteome has revealed the existence of human-testicular-predominantly-expressed-proteins, which are highly associated with spermatogenesis, although the functions of many of these proteins are still unknown. To understand the function of one of these proteins, SHCBP1L (1700012A16RIKEN), a knockout mouse was produced in which this gene was removed. Using this model, we showed that SHCBP1L binds to another protein, HSPA2, and maintains stability of the spindle. We showed that this complex was not present in knockout mice and that an abnormal number of spermatocytes were held in the early stages of meiosis. Many of these cells were undergoing programmed cell-death, or apoptosis, which is highly unusual for cells during the early stages of meiosis. We also found that proteins very similar to SHCBP1L exist in many other mammals. This led us to propose that SHCBP1L plays an important role in spermatogenesis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zuomin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahao Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Jagan Mohanarao G, Mukherjee A, Banerjee D, Gohain M, Dass G, Brahma B, Datta TK, Upadhyay RC, De S. HSP70 family genes and HSP27 expression in response to heat and cold stress in vitro in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of goat (Capra hircus). Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Peng Z, Liu N, Huang D, Duan C, Li Y, Tang X, Mei W, Zhu F, Tang F. N,N'-dinitrosopiperazine--mediated heat-shock protein 70-2 expression is involved in metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62908. [PMID: 23667540 PMCID: PMC3647053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N,N′-Dinitrosopiperazine (DNP) is invovled in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) development and metastasis, and it shows organ specificity to the nasopharyngeal epithelium. Herein, we demonstrate that DNP induces heat-shock protein (HSP) 70-2 expression in NPC cells (6-10B) at a non-cytotoxic concentration. DNP induced HSP70-2 expression in a dose- and time- dependent manner, but showed no effect on other HSP70 family members. Furthermore, DNP also increased HSP70-2 RNA transcription through directly binding to the hypoxia-responsive elements (HRE) and heat shock elements (HSE) located in the HSP70-2 promoter. DNP-mediated HSP70-2 expression might act through enhancing the transcription of HSP70-2 RNA. Importantly, DNP induced motility and invasion of 6-10B cells dose- and time-dependently, and DNP-mediated NPC metastasis was confirmed in nude mice, which showed high HSP70-2 expression in the metastatic tumor tissue. However, the motility and invasion of NPC cells that were stably transfected using short interfering RNA against HSP70-2 could not effectively induce DNP. These results indicate that DNP induces HSP70-2 expression through increasing HSP70-2 transcription, increases the motility and invasion of cells, and promotes NPC tumor metastasis. Therefore, DNP mediated HSP70-2 expression may be an important factor of NPC-high metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengke Peng
- Medical Research Center and Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Medical Research Center and Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Damao Huang
- Medical Research Center and Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaojun Duan
- Medical Research Center and Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuejin Li
- Medical Research Center and Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Metallurgical Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Mei
- Medical Research Center and Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Faqing Tang
- Medical Research Center and Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai People’s Hospital, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Research Center and Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Özdemirler Erata G, Küçükgergin C, Aktan G, Kadioglu A, Uysal M, Koçak-Toker N. Is thioredoxin reductase involved in the defense against DNA fragmentation in varicocele? Asian J Androl 2013; 15:518-22. [PMID: 23603921 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2013.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the role of thioredoxin reductase (TR) and inducible heat shock protein 70 (iHsp70) and their relationship with sperm quality in varicocele (VAR) patients. Semen samples were obtained from 16 subfertile men diagnosed as VAR and 10 fertile men who applied to the Andrology Laboratory of Istanbul Medical Faculty of Istanbul University. The sperm TR and iHsp 70 expression levels were determined using Western blot analysis. The TR activity of the sperm was assayed spectrophometrically. The sperm quality was evaluated both by conventional sperm analysis and by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) technique that assayed DNA-fragmented spermatozoa in semen samples. The percentage of TUNEL-positive spermatozoa in the VAR group (16.3%± 5.6%) was higher than that in the fertile group (5.5%± 1.9%). Significant inverse correlations were detected between the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells and both the concentration (r=-0.609; P=0.001) and motility (r=-0.550; P=0.004) of spermatozoa. Both the TR expression and activity were increased significantly in the VAR group (U=22.0; P=0.001 and U=33.5; P=0.012, respectively) as analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon rank sum W test. Furthermore, significant positive correlations were found between TR expression and activity (r=0.406; P=0.040) and between TR expression and the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells (r=0.665; P=0.001). Sperm iHsp70 expression did not differ between the VAR and fertile groups. In conclusion, increased sperm TR expression might be a defense mechanism against apoptosis in the spermatozoa of men with VAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Özdemirler Erata
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Çapa, 34093, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Hamada AJ, Esteves SC, Agarwal A. A comprehensive review of genetics and genetic testing in azoospermia. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2013; 68 Suppl 1:39-60. [PMID: 23503954 PMCID: PMC3583155 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2013(sup01)06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Azoospermia due to obstructive and non-obstructive mechanisms is a common manifestation of male infertility accounting for 10-15% of such cases. Known genetic factors are responsible for approximately 1/3 of cases of azoospermia. Nonetheless, at least 40% of cases are currently categorized as idiopathic and may be linked to unknown genetic abnormalities. It is recommended that various genetic screening tests are performed in azoospermic men, given that their results may play vital role in not only identifying the etiology but also in preventing the iatrogenic transmission of genetic defects to offspring via advanced assisted conception techniques. In the present review, we examine the current genetic information associated with azoospermia based on results from search engines, such as PUBMED, OVID, SCIENCE DIRECT and SCOPUS. We also present a critical appraisal of use of genetic testing in this subset of infertile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa J Hamada
- Cleveland Clinic, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Kabani M, Martineau CN. Multiple hsp70 isoforms in the eukaryotic cytosol: mere redundancy or functional specificity? Curr Genomics 2011; 9:338-248. [PMID: 19471609 PMCID: PMC2685646 DOI: 10.2174/138920208785133280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 molecular chaperones play a variety of functions in every organism, cell type and organelle, and their activities have been implicated in a number of human pathologies, ranging from cancer to neurodegenerative diseases. The functions, regulations and structure of Hsp70s were intensively studied for about three decades, yet much still remains to be learned about these essential folding enzymes. Genome sequencing efforts revealed that most genomes contain multiple members of the Hsp70 family, some of which co-exist in the same cellular compartment. For example, the human cytosol and nucleus contain six highly homologous Hsp70 proteins while the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains four canonical Hsp70s and three fungal-specific ribosome-associated and specialized Hsp70s. The reasons and significance of the requirement for multiple Hsp70s is still a subject of debate. It has been postulated for a long time that these Hsp70 isoforms are functionally redundant and differ only by their spatio-temporal expression patterns. However, several studies in yeast and higher eukaryotic organisms challenged this widely accepted idea by demonstrating functional specificity among Hsp70 isoforms. Another element of complexity is brought about by specific cofactors, such as Hsp40s or nucleotide exchange factors that modulate the activity of Hsp70s and their binding to client proteins. Hence, a dynamic network of chaperone/co-chaperone interactions has evolved in each organism to efficiently take advantage of the multiple cellular roles Hsp70s can play. We summarize here our current knowledge of the functions and regulations of these molecular chaperones, and shed light on the known functional specificities among isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kabani
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie et Biochimie Structurales (LEBS), CNRS, Bât. 34, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Developmental expression of heat shock proteins 60, 70, 90, and A2 in rabbit testis. Cell Tissue Res 2011; 344:355-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-011-1151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ogorevc J, Dovc P, Kunej T. Comparative Genomics Approach to Identify Candidate Genetic Loci for Male Fertility. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:229-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sun F, Palmer K, Handel MA. Mutation of Eif4g3, encoding a eukaryotic translation initiation factor, causes male infertility and meiotic arrest of mouse spermatocytes. Development 2010; 137:1699-707. [PMID: 20430745 PMCID: PMC2860251 DOI: 10.1242/dev.043125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The ENU-induced repro8 mutation was identified in a screen to uncover genes that control mouse gametogenesis. repro8 causes male-limited infertility, with failure of spermatocytes to exit meiotic prophase via the G2/MI transition. The repro8 mutation is in the Eif4g3 gene, encoding eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4, gamma 3. Mutant germ cells appear to execute events of meiotic prophase normally, and many proteins characteristic of the prophase-to-metaphase transition are not obviously depleted. However, activity of CDC2A (CDK1) kinase is dramatically reduced in mutant spermatocytes. Strikingly, HSPA2, a chaperone protein for CDC2A kinase, is absent in mutant spermatocytes in spite of the presence of Hspa2 transcript, consistent with the observation that the repro8 phenotype is markedly similar to the phenotype of the Hspa2 knockout. Thus, EIF4G3 is required for HSPA2 translation in spermatocytes, a finding that provides the first genetic evidence for selective translational control of meiotic exit in mammalian spermatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Sun
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Kristina Palmer
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Mary Ann Handel
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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Huang WJ, Xia LM, Zhu F, Huang B, Zhou C, Zhu HF, Wang B, Chen B, Lei P, Shen GX. Transcriptional upregulation of HSP70-2 by HIF-1 in cancer cells in response to hypoxia. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:298-305. [PMID: 18844219 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70-2 (HSP70-2) can be expressed by cancer cells and act as an important regulator of cancer cell growth and survival. Here, we show the molecular mechanisms by which hypoxia regulate HSP70-2 expression in cancer cells. When cells were subjected to hypoxia (1% O2), the expression of HSP70-2 had a significant increase in cancer cells. Such increase was due to the direct binding of hypoxia-inducible factor to hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs) in the HSP70-2 promoter. By luciferase assays, we demonstrated that the HRE1 at position -446 was essential for transcriptional activation of HSP70-2 promoter under hypoxic conditions. We also demonstrated that HIF-1alpha binds to the HSP70-2 promoter and the binding is specific, as revealed by HIF binding/competition and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Consequently, the upregulation of HSP70-2 enhanced the resistance of tumor cells to hypoxia-induced apoptosis. These findings provide a new insight into how tumor cells overcome hypoxic stress and survive, and also disclose a new regulatory mechanism of HSP70-2 expression in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Huang
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and Division of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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Sá R, Neves R, Fernandes S, Alves C, Carvalho F, Silva J, Cremades N, Malheiro I, Barros A, Sousa M. Cytological and Expression Studies and Quantitative Analysis of the Temporal and Stage-Specific Effects of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Testosterone During Cocultures of the Normal Human Seminiferous Epithelium1. Biol Reprod 2008; 79:962-75. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.067546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Erata GO, Koçak Toker N, Durlanik O, Kadioğlu A, Aktan G, Aykaç Toker G. The role of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70) in male infertility: is it a line of defense against sperm DNA fragmentation? Fertil Steril 2007; 90:322-7. [PMID: 17880957 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the role of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70) and its relation with DNA damage in male infertility. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Andrology laboratory of Istanbul Medical Faculty. PATIENT(S) Semen samples from 37 infertile men and 13 fertile men (as controls). INTERVENTION(S) The percentage of DNA fragmentation was assayed with the use of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL). Sperm Hsp 70 expression was determined by using Western blot analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Both the percentages of sperm DNA fragmentation and Hsp 70 expression were correlated with semen analysis parameters. RESULTS TUNEL-positive spermatozoa in the infertile group (18.7% for asthenospermics and 13.0% for oligoasthenospermics) were higher than the fertile group (4.9%). Significant inverse correlations were detected between percentage of TUNEL-positive cells and both concentration (r = -0.487) and motility (r = -0.377) of spermatozoa. No expression of Hsp 70 was observed in azospermic group, whereas Hsp 70 levels were found increased significantly in infertile group (U = 62 for asthenospermics and U = 38 for oligoasthenospermics) compared to fertile group as analyzed by using Mann-Whitney U Wilcoxon rank sum test. Furthermore, significant positive correlation was found between percentage of TUNEL-positive cells and Hsp 70 expression (r = 0.357). CONCLUSION(S) Hsp 70 expression may have been increased as a protective mechanism against apoptosis in spermatozoa of infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Ozdemirler Erata
- Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Pelletier G, Masson S, Wang YL, Wade MG, Mohottalage S, Kumarathasan P, Vincent R, Poon R, Chu I. Proteomic investigation of 1,6-dimethoxyhexane testicular toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2007; 24:129-133. [PMID: 21783800 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aliphatic ether 1,6-dimethoxyhexane (DMH) was previously identified as a testicular toxicant. Testis protein extracts from control and DMH-treated rats were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis for comparison of protein expression profiles. MALDI-ToF peptide mass fingerprinting of differentially expressed proteins resulted in the conclusive identification of heat shock-related 70kDa protein 2 (HSP70.2), 60kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial precursor (HSP60) and protein disulfide isomerase A3 precursor (ERp60). The potential involvement of these proteins in chemically induced perturbation of spermatogenesis and their utility as biomarkers of testicular toxicity are discussed in light of the knowledge currently available from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Pelletier
- Systemic Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Section, Environmental and Occupational Toxicology Division, Environmental Health Sciences Bureau, Health Canada
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Daugaard M, Rohde M, Jäättelä M. The heat shock protein 70 family: Highly homologous proteins with overlapping and distinct functions. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:3702-10. [PMID: 17544402 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 790] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family contains at least eight homologous chaperone proteins. Endoplasmatic reticulum and mitochondria have their specific Hsp70 proteins, whereas the remaining six family members reside mainly in the cytosol and nucleus. The requirement for multiple highly homologous although different Hsp70 proteins is still far from clear, but their individual and tissue-specific expression suggests that they are assigned distinct biological tasks. This concept is supported by the fact that mice knockout for different Hsp70 genes display remarkably discrete phenotypes. Moreover, emerging data suggest that individual Hsp70 proteins can bring about non-overlapping and chaperone-independent functions essential for growth and survival of cancer cells. This review summarizes our present knowledge of the individual members of human Hsp70 family and elaborate on the functional differences between the cytosolic/nuclear representatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Daugaard
- Apoptosis Department and Centre for Genotoxic Stress Response, Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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36
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Lima SB, Cenedeze MA, Bertolla RP, Filho PAH, Oehninger S, Cedenho AP. Expression of the HSPA2 gene in ejaculated spermatozoa from adolescents with and without varicocele. Fertil Steril 2006; 86:1659-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Revised: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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37
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Cedenho AP, Lima SB, Cenedeze MA, Spaine DM, Ortiz V, Oehninger S. Oligozoospermia and heat-shock protein expression in ejaculated spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:1791-4. [PMID: 16517558 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat-shock protein A2 (HspA2) is correlated with sperm maturity, function and fertility, and a dysfunctional expression of such a gene results in abnormal spermatogenesis. The purpose of this study was to compare HspA2 gene expression in spermatozoa from oligozoospermic men and normozoospermic controls. METHODS Semen was obtained and analysed according to World Health Organization (World Health Organization, 1999) guidelines, morphology by Kruger's strict criteria. Seventeen patients with oligozoospermia and 21 fertile controls were studied. Total RNA was extracted from ejaculated and Percoll density-gradient-separated spermatozoa followed by semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis. The relative expression level of HspA2 was analysed according to the expression level of the housekeeping beta-actin gene. Serum hormonal profiles (FSH, LH and testosterone) and a peripheral karyotype were also performed. RESULTS All patients possessed normal karyotype, and no significant hormonal differences were found between the two groups. The study group had significantly lower sperm concentration and normal morphology than the controls. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis of HspA2 showed significantly lower expression levels in the oligoteratozoospermic men when compared to controls (P=0.0021). CONCLUSIONS The HspA2 gene was down-regulated in sperm from infertile men with idiopathic oligoteratozoospermia, suggesting that such anomalies of gene expression might be associated with pathogenesis in some subtypes of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Cedenho
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, São Paulo Federal University, Brazil
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Huang SY, Tam MF, Hsu YT, Lin JH, Chen HH, Chuang CK, Chen MY, King YT, Lee WC. Developmental changes of heat-shock proteins in porcine testis by a proteomic analysis. Theriogenology 2005; 64:1940-55. [PMID: 15951011 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2004] [Accepted: 04/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are important in spermatogenesis. This study investigated developmental changes in the expression of major HSPs in porcine testis. The testis from five immature (mean age 2.9+/-0.1 months) and five mature boars (35.7+/-14.0 months) were examined. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was conducted and proteins were identified by Western blotting and/or matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Moreover, the 90, 70, and 60 kDa HSPs, 70 kDa heat-shock cognate protein (HSC 70), tubulin, and actin were quantified on two-dimensional gels. Protein spots were quantified by densitometry, combined with a computer-assisted image analysis system. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression pattern of major HSPs and beta-tubulin in testis. One isoform of HSP 90 (HSP 90 alpha), two isoforms of HSC 70 (HSC 70a and HSC 70c), one isoform of HSP70 (HSP 70e), and tubulin increased after sexual maturation (P<0.05). A testis-specific HSP70 (P70t) was markedly increased in the testes of sexually mature boars. Meanwhile, levels of actin and some isoforms of HSPs including 60 kDa HSP remained similar in both groups. These observations were further confirmed by immunohistochemistry; therefore, the upregulation of protein expression in the adult testis could be attributed to a higher level of protein expression and the number of cells that were HSPs-positive already resided in the immature testis. The differential expression of major HSPs suggested that they may be important in porcine spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Yuan Huang
- Division of Biotechnology, Animal Technology Institute Taiwan, PO Box 23, Chunan 350Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
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Rohde M, Daugaard M, Jensen MH, Helin K, Nylandsted J, Jäättelä M. Members of the heat-shock protein 70 family promote cancer cell growth by distinct mechanisms. Genes Dev 2005; 19:570-82. [PMID: 15741319 PMCID: PMC551577 DOI: 10.1101/gad.305405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 12/23/2004] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Whereas the stress-inducible heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) has gained plenty of attention as a putative target for tumor therapy, little is known about the role of other Hsp70 proteins in cancer. Here we present the first thorough analysis of the expression and function of the cytosolic Hsp70 proteins in human cancer cells and identify Hsp70-2, a protein essential for spermatogenesis, as an important regulator of cancer cell growth. Targeted knock-down of the individual family members by RNA interference revealed that both Hsp70 and Hsp70-2 were required for cancer cell growth, whereas the survival of tumorigenic as well as nontumorigenic cells depended on Hsc70. Cancer cells depleted for Hsp70 and Hsp70-2 displayed strikingly different morphologies (detached and round vs. flat senescent-like), cell cycle distributions (G2/M vs. G1 arrest) and gene expression profiles. Only Hsp70-2 depletion induced the expression of macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 that was identified as a target of P53 tumor-suppressor protein and a mediator of the G1 arrest and the senescent phenotype. Importantly, concomitant depletion of Hsp70 and Hsp70-2 had a synergistic antiproliferative effect on cancer cells. Thus, highly homologous Hsp70 proteins bring about nonoverlapping functions essential for cell growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Rohde
- Apoptosis Department and Danish Centre for Translational Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Feng HL, Sandlow JI, Sparks AE. Decreased expression of the heat shock protein hsp70-2 is associated with the pathogenesis of male infertility. Fertil Steril 2001; 76:1136-9. [PMID: 11730740 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)02892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the expression of the heat shock protein hsp70-2, and the possible relationship with the pathogenesis of male infertility. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Reproductive testing laboratory in a university hospital. PATIENT(S) Men undergoing testicular biopsy during an investigation of subfertility. INTERVENTION(S) Testicular tissues were obtained from biopsies of men undergoing infertility evaluation and subdivided into three groups: normal testes, maturational arrest and Sertoli cell-only syndrome. Immunostaining and Western blotting techniques determined expression of the heat shock protein hsp70-2 MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Expression of the heat shock protein hsp70-2 in the testes. RESULT(S) The experimental data demonstrated that the heat shock protein hsp70-2 was expressed in the normal and maturation arrest testicular specimens. The heat shock protein hsp70-2 was strongly present in the cytoplasm of spermatocytes and spermatides in the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium in normal testis. However, maturation arrest testis tissue demonstrated light staining in spermatocytes and spermatides, and Sertoli-only specimens demonstrated no staining for the heat shock protein hsp70-2. The Western blotting data showed a 70-kDa heat shock protein in the normal and maturation arrest testicular tissues, but not in the Sertoli-only tissues. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the heat shock protein hsp70-2 is expressed in spermatocytes and spermatides in normal and maturation arrest tissues. However, the expression of the heat shock protein hsp70-2 was low in maturation arrest, and no heat shock protein hsp70-2 was demonstrated in Sertoli-only specimens. Therefore the decreased expression of the heat shock protein hsp70-2 is associated with the pathogenesis of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Shore University Hospital, New York University Medical College, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA.
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