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Mendes G, Teixeira B, Madanelo M, Rocha A, Mesquita S, Vital J, Monteiro M, Fraga A, Louro N. Semen parameters in testicular tumor patients before orchiectomy: What is the impact of testicular tumor stage and histology? Arch Ital Urol Androl 2024; 96:12238. [PMID: 38389451 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2024.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of testicular cancer histology and stage on sperm parameters in cryopreserved samples collected prior to orchiectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of tumor histology, stage and sperm parameters of patients who underwent pre-orchiectomy sperm cryopreservation for testicular cancer between March 2010 and March 2023. The World Health Organization (WHO) 2010 sperm reference values were used to identify patients with subnormal semen parameters and to further categorize patients by sperm alteration. Localized disease was classified as Stage I, while metastatic disease encompassed Stages II and III. Continuous variables were compared using t-test or Mann Whitney U test, and categorical variables using Chi-square and Fishers exact test. RESULTS A total of 64 patients was identified, 48 (75%) classified as stage I and 16 (25%) classified as stage II/III. No difference was found in semen parameters between patients with seminoma and patients with non-seminoma germ cell tumor (NSGCT). Patients with stage II/III disease had significantly lower percentages of progressive motility (36% vs 53%, p=0.021) and total motility (60% vs 69%, p=0.015) than stage I patients. When categorizing by sperm alterations according to WHO 2010 reference values, patients with stage II/III disease had significantly higher proportions of asthenozoospermia (38% vs 15%, p=0.048) and teratozoospermia (63% vs 31%, p=0.027) than stage I patients. Elevated tumor markers were not associated with sperm abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Patients with metastatic testicular cancer present with worse sperm quality than patients with localized disease. Sperm cryopreservation should be offered to all patients with testicular cancer, and especially emphasized in patients with metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Mendes
- Department of Urology, Santo António University Hospital Center, Porto.
| | - Bernardo Teixeira
- Department of Urology, Santo António University Hospital Center, Porto.
| | - Mariana Madanelo
- Department of Urology, Santo António University Hospital Center, Porto.
| | - Alexandra Rocha
- Department of Urology, Santo António University Hospital Center, Porto.
| | - Sofia Mesquita
- Department of Urology, Santo António University Hospital Center, Porto.
| | - João Vital
- Department of Urology, Hospital of Funchal.
| | - Miguel Monteiro
- Department of Urology, Santo António University Hospital Center, Porto.
| | - Avelino Fraga
- Department of Urology, Santo António University Hospital Center, Porto.
| | - Nuno Louro
- Department of Urology, Santo António University Hospital Center, Porto.
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Cirigliano L, Falcone M, Gül M, Preto M, Ceruti C, Plamadeala N, Peretti F, Ferro I, Scavone M, Gontero P. Onco-TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction): Insights from a Tertiary Center and Comprehensive Literature Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1226. [PMID: 37512038 PMCID: PMC10386487 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The peak of incidence of testicular cancer (TC) occurs among individuals in their reproductive age, emphasizing the importance of fertility preservation as an integral aspect of disease management. Sperm cryopreservation performed before orchiectomy is ineffective in azoospermic men, necessitating alternative approaches such as microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) at the time of orchiectomy (onco-mTESE) to obtain viable sperm. This study presents the findings from our institution's experience with onco-mTESE and critically discusses our results in light of the existing body of literature. Materials and Methods: This is a tertiary center retrospective analysis of onco-mTESE procedures performed at a single center between December 2011 and July 2022. The included patients were post-puberal men with testicular tumors requiring orchiectomy, along with concomitant severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia. Bilateral mTESE was performed in all cases. Surgical outcomes, sperm retrieval rates, the usage of preserved viable sperm, assistive reproductive techniques' results, and post-operative serum testosterone were recorded. Results: A total of nine patients were included, with a median age of 34 (IQR 29-36) years. All patients had germ cell tumors (GCTs), with seminomatous and non-seminomatous GCTs accounting for 44.4% (n = 4) and 55.6% (n = 5) of patients, respectively. Sperm retrieval occurred in three (33%) patients: one patient in the ipsilateral testis, one in the contralateral testis, and one in both testes. No complications were reported during the procedure, and no post-operative hypogonadism was observed. Among the three patients with successful sperm retrieval, an intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed in two patients, resulting in two pregnancies, leading to one healthy live birth and one miscarriage. Conclusions: In the context of TC, it is essential to conduct a thorough evaluation of testicular function, including a semen analysis and cryopreservation. Onco-mTESE has proven its safety in preserving fertility in azoospermic cases while ensuring the efficacy of oncological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cirigliano
- Urology Clinic-A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza"-Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Falcone
- Urology Clinic-A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza"-Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy
- Neurourology Clinic-A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza"-Unità Spinale Unipolare, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | - Murat Gül
- Urology Clinic-A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza"-Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya 42005, Turkey
| | - Mirko Preto
- Urology Clinic-A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza"-Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | - Carlo Ceruti
- Urology Clinic-A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza"-Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | - Natalia Plamadeala
- Urology Clinic-A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza"-Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Peretti
- Urology Clinic-A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza"-Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ferro
- Urology Clinic-A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza"-Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Scavone
- Urology Clinic-A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza"-Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Urology Clinic-A.O.U. "Città della Salute e della Scienza"-Molinette Hospital, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy
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Liang Z, He Z, Chen C, Zhang F, Li J, Wu J. Microscopic testicular sperm extraction or post-operative sperm reversal in functional Leydig cell tumor: case report. Transl Androl Urol 2019; 8:556-561. [PMID: 31807432 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.08.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leydig cell tumors are rare testicular tumors in adults. Hormonal activity is found in 20% of the cases with endocrine abnormalities, which may result in azoospermia. The appropriate management to achieve oncologic control and simultaneously obtain sperm remains a challenge. A patient sought assistance with fertility after a diagnosis of azoospermia accompanied by unilateral suspected Leydig cell tumor. The patient underwent unilateral orchidectomy along with microscopic testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) for sperm identification. Rare teratospermia was found during mTESE, hormones tended to be normal, and sperm reversal appeared postoperatively. Postoperative semen examination revealed oligozoospermia, and the parameters decreased further after 3 months. The androgen rebound effect promoted sperm level over the baseline within 3 months after surgery. The anticipated sperm reversal postoperatively rather than mTESE during routine orchidectomy achieved sperm acquisition. This case particularly highlights the androgen rebound effect, which elevated the sperm level beyond baseline within 3 months after surgery. Sperm cryopreservation is thus strongly recommended 3 months postoperatively and no more than 4 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Liang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Urology and Andrology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhanwang He
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Ninghai Maternal and Child health Hospital, Ninghai 315600, China
| | - Chong Chen
- Department of Ultrasonography, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Fengbin Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Urology and Andrology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jingping Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Urology and Andrology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jinggen Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Urology and Andrology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Moody JA, Ahmed K, Yap T, Minhas S, Shabbir M. Fertility managment in testicular cancer: the need to establish a standardized and evidence-based patient-centric pathway. BJU Int 2018; 123:160-172. [DOI: 10.1111/bju.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jemma A. Moody
- GKT School of Medical Education; King's College London; London UK
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - Kamran Ahmed
- GKT School of Medical Education; King's College London; London UK
- Department of Urology; Guy's Hospital; London UK
| | - Tet Yap
- Department of Urology; Guy's Hospital; London UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Imperial College Healthcare; NHS Trust; London UK
| | - Majid Shabbir
- GKT School of Medical Education; King's College London; London UK
- Department of Urology; Guy's Hospital; London UK
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5
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Laclergerie F, Mouillet G, Frontczak A, Balssa L, Eschwege P, Saussine C, Larré S, Cormier L, Vuillemin AT, Kleinclauss F. Testicle-sparing surgery versus radical orchiectomy in the management of Leydig cell tumors: results from a multicenter study. World J Urol 2017; 36:427-433. [PMID: 29230496 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-017-2151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the oncological outcomes of testicle-sparing surgery (TSS) and radical orchiectomy (RO) in patients with Leydig cell tumor (LCT) of the testis. PATIENTS AND METHODS A multicenter retrospective clinical study was conducted in 12 centers in France. All the patients with histologically proven LCT were included and analyzed according to treatment (organ-sparing surgery or radical orchiectomy). Patients underwent preoperative clinical, biological and imaging assessment. Demographic, clinical, and pathological variables were collected at baseline and compared between groups according to surgical treatment. Follow-up was calculated using the reverse Kaplan-Meier estimation and was updated at the end of 2015. RESULTS Between 1986 and 2014, 56 patients presented with LCT were identified and included in the study. Twenty-one patients (37.5%) underwent TSS and 35 (62.5%) RO. Demographics and tumor characteristics were not significantly different between the groups. Median follow-up was 62 months after TSS, but only 35 months after RO. Two patients (9.5%) developed local recurrence 15 and 34 months after TSS and underwent secondary RO. No local recurrence or metastasis was observed after complementary treatment. No recurrence was observed after RO. Disease-free survival did not differ between the groups (95.2% in TSS versus 77.1% in the RO group, p = 0.23). No patient died in the TSS group, but three patients (8.6%) in the RO group died from other diseases without evidence of relapse. One patient (4.8%) in the TSS group versus five (14.3%) in the RO group were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSION Long-term follow-up suggests that testicle-sparing surgery does not compromise relapse-free survival in the treatment of Leydig cell tumor of the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Laclergerie
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital of Besancon, 3 Boulevard Fleming, 25000, Besancon, France.,University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000, Besancon, France
| | - Guillaume Mouillet
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besancon, 25000, Besancon, France
| | - Alexandre Frontczak
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital of Besancon, 3 Boulevard Fleming, 25000, Besancon, France.,University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000, Besancon, France
| | - Loïc Balssa
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital of Besancon, 3 Boulevard Fleming, 25000, Besancon, France.,University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000, Besancon, France
| | - Pascal Eschwege
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Nancy, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Christian Saussine
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Larré
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Reims, 51000, Reims, France
| | - Luc Cormier
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Antoine Thiery Vuillemin
- University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000, Besancon, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Besancon, 25000, Besancon, France.,INSERM, UMR 1098, Besancon, France
| | - François Kleinclauss
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital of Besancon, 3 Boulevard Fleming, 25000, Besancon, France. .,University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, 25000, Besancon, France. .,INSERM, UMR 1098, Besancon, France.
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6
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Zarrilli S, Lombardi G, Paesano L, Somma C, Colao A, Mirone V, Rosa M. Hormonal and seminal evaluation of Leydig cell tumour patients before and after orchiectomy. Andrologia 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2000.tb02879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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7
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Carpino A, Rago V, Pezzi V, Carani C, Andò S. Detection of aromatase and estrogen receptors (ERalpha, ERbeta1, ERbeta2) in human Leydig cell tumor. Eur J Endocrinol 2007; 157:239-44. [PMID: 17656605 DOI: 10.1530/eje-07-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A Leydig cell tumor is a rare neoplasm, deriving from the interstitial cells, whose pathogenesis has not been still defined. Leydig cells of normal adult testis are known as physiological targets for estrogens. However, some studies on transgenic rodents suggest a role of estrogens in the development of Leydig cell hyperplasia and Leydig cell tumor. Therefore, with the aim to evaluate a possible link between estrogens and testicular tumorigenesis, this study investigated the expression of aromatase and estrogen receptors (ERalpha, ERbeta(1), ERbeta(2)) in testes from two patients with Leydig cell tumor. A strong immunoreactivity for aromatase, ERbeta(1), and ERbeta(2), together with a detectable ERalpha immunostaining, was revealed in tumoral tissues. These findings were confirmed by western blot analysis of tumor extracts detecting a 55 kDa P450arom, a 67 kDa ERalpha band, a 59 kDa ERbeta(1) band, and a 53 kDa ERbeta(2) band. The pattern of ER expression in neoplastic cells appears different from that of control Leydig cells exhibiting only ERbeta(1) and ERbeta(2) isoforms. The authors hypothesize how the high estrogen production could play a role in the neoplastic transformation of Leydig cells, while the exclusive presence of ERalpha in tumoral cells could amplify estradiol-17beta signaling contributing to the tumor cell growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Carpino
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata Di Rende, Italy
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8
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Huyghe E, Nohra J, Vezzozi D, Daudin M, Bennet A, Caron P, Thonneau P, Plante P. [Fertility before and after treatment of patients with Leydig cell tumour]. Prog Urol 2007; 17:841-5. [PMID: 17633998 DOI: 10.1016/s1166-7087(07)92304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the long-term fertility status of patients treated for Leydig cell testicular tumour. MATERIAL AND METHODS [corrected] In a series of 506 testicular tumours observed in the Midi-Pyrenées region between 1980 and 1998, 17 were Leydig cell tumours (3.3%) and constituted the study population. Andrological records were available for all patients. Information concerning fertility before and after orchidectomy was obtained by validated letter questionnaire. All patients completed the questionnaire. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 84 months (range: 36-173). The mean age at diagnosis was 32 years (range: 24-51). The presenting symptom was gynaecomastia in 9 cases (53%), enlarged testis in 4 cases (24%), scrotal pain in 2 cases (12%) and male infertility in 2 cases (12%). Before onset of their disease, 13/17 (76.5%) patients had tried to have a child and 6 (46.2%) had successfully fathered a child. After treatment of their Leydig cell tumour, 10/17 (58.8%) had tried to have a child and 7 (70%) were successful. CONCLUSION The population of men with Leydig cell tumour of the testis is a population with decreased fertility before treatment of the tumour. Resection of the tumour improves this situation, but 3 out of 10 patients remain infertile, indicating the need for semen storage measures in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Huyghe
- Service d'Urologie et Andrologie, Hôpital Paule de Viguier Toulouse, France.
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9
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Abstract
Testicular cancer is the most common solid organ tumor in young men and affects men during their reproductive years. Current therapeutic regimens have significantly improved survival but often adversely impact fertility. Understanding the effects of testicular cancer, the systemic effects of neoplasia, and the effects of treatment protocols, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, is essential to restoring and maintaining fertility in men who have germ cell neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Lambert
- Male Reproductive Center, Department of Urology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York Presbyterian Hospital, 944 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10028, USA
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Cajaiba MM, Reyes-Múgica M, Rios JCS, Nistal M. Non-tumoural parenchyma in Leydig cell tumours: pathogenetic considerations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 31:331-6. [PMID: 17573846 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the pathogenesis of Leydig cell tumours (LCTs) of the testis. The observation of several associated dysgenetic features in the non-tumoural parenchyma and in the contralateral testes of men with testicular germ cell neoplasms has served as the basis to propose that there may be a common mechanism for different male reproductive disorders. However, the possible relationship between LCTs and other testicular lesions has not been explored. Here we describe the presence of primary lesions in the non-tumoural parenchyma of testes with LCT, from which we try to establish possible pathogenetic associations. We studied the non-tumoural parenchyma adjacent to 16 LCT specimens. Parameters as Leydig cell hyperplasia (LCHY), qualitative evaluation of the germinal epithelium and spermatogenesis, the presence of Sertoli cell-only tubules (SCOT), and the Sertoli cell nuclear morphology were consistently assessed in all cases. SCOT associated with Sertoli cell dysgenetic morphology was the most frequent finding, present in 50% of the cases. Another interesting finding was the presence of LCHY in four cases (25%). Abnormal spermatogenesis was found in 81.25% of the cases, and it consisted of lesions of the adluminal or basal compartments of seminiferous tubules. The occurrence of either dysgenetic Sertoli cells or LCHY adjacent to LCTs could represent primary anomalies, resulting from a common insult also involved in tumourigenesis. The abnormalities in spermatogenesis observed here are likely to represent consequences of either tumour compression or abnormal hormonal production. The significance of these associations merits further investigation regarding a common pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Cajaiba
- Department of Pathology, Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Lackner JE, Koller A, Schatzl G, Marberger M, Kratzik C. Does histopathologic tumor type or vascular invasion influence spermatogenesis in testicular cancer? Fertil Steril 2007; 88:1377-81. [PMID: 17544417 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2006] [Revised: 12/26/2006] [Accepted: 12/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the quality and activity of spermatogenesis in the contralateral healthy testicle at the time of orchiectomy and to assess whether any tumor-related factor such as tumor type or vascular invasion is a risk factor for impaired spermatogenesis. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING University hospital. PATIENT(S) Seventy-six patients undergoing orchiectomy for seminoma or nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT). INTERVENTION(S) Open biopsy of contralateral healthy testicle at the time of orchiectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Quality of spermatogenesis using median and highest Johnsen score in correlation with histopathologic tumor type, vascular invasion, and serum tumor markers and hormone levels. RESULT(S) Contralateral spermatogenesis is reduced in seminomas and in NSGCTs, with median Johnsen scores of 8.9 and 8.6, respectively. Similar results were seen in tumors with vascular invasion (median Johnsen score 8.8 [range 8.2-9.5]) and without vascular invasion (median Johnsen score 8.8 [range 8.1-9.2]). Areas with good-quality spermatogenesis were found in 88.9% of seminoma and 92.5% of NSGCT biopsies. CONCLUSION(S) Testicular cancer is associated with impaired spermatogenesis, but neither the histopathologic tumor type nor the presence of vascular invasion correlated with significantly reduced spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob E Lackner
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Foppiani L, Bernasconi D, Del Monte P, Marugo A, Toncini C, Marugo M. Leydig cell tumour-induced bilateral gynaecomastia in a young man: endocrine abnormalities. Andrologia 2005; 37:36-9. [PMID: 15644061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2004.00648.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the various causes of gynaecomastia, testicular malignancies are an uncommon, life-threatening condition, which require prompt treatment. The case of a 26-year-old healthy man is described, who reported a 6-month painful bilateral gynaecomastia associated with secondary hypogonadism. Normal circulating 17beta-oestradiol (E2) levels showed an enhanced response to human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) testing, which led to a reduced testosterone (T)/E2 ratio. Both clinical and hormonal findings normalized following surgical exeresis of a left testicular mass, which proved to be a Leydig cell tumour (LCT) at histology. This report underlines the importance of ultrasonographic evaluation of the testes, whenever breast enlargement occurs in a healthy man, despite unremarkable findings on testicular examination. In addition, our case demonstrates that normal unstimulated circulating E2 levels do not allow the presence of a stromal testicular tumour to be ruled out and that the response of restored T levels to hCG testing can remain blunted up to 1 year after surgery. Finally, we claim that T/E2 ratio may be a useful tool in evaluating derangement of the endocrine milieu secondary to LCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Foppiani
- Division of Endocrinology, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy.
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13
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Leung GP, Cheng-Chew SB, Wong PY. Nongenomic effect of testosterone on chloride secretion in cultured rat efferent duct epithelia. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2001; 280:C1160-7. [PMID: 11287329 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.2001.280.5.c1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Short-circuit current (I(sc)) technique was used to investigate the role of testosterone in the regulation of chloride secretion in cultured rat efferent duct epithelia. Among the steroids tested, only testosterone, and to a lesser extent, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5alpha-DHT), reduced the basal and forskolin-induced I(sc) in cultured rat efferent duct epithelia when added to the apical bathing solution. Indomethacin, a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, did not affect the inhibitory effect of 5alpha-DHT. The effect of testosterone occurred within 10-20 s upon application and was dose dependent with apparent IC(50) value of 1 microM. The effect was abolished by removal of Cl(-) but not HCO from the normal Krebs-Henseleit solution, suggesting that testosterone mainly inhibited Cl(-) secretion. The efferent duct was found to be most sensitive to testosterone, while the caput and the cauda epididymidis were only mildly sensitive. Cyproterone acetate, a steroidal antiandrogen, or flutamide, a nonsteroidal antiandrogen, did not block the effect of testosterone on the forskolin-induced I(sc), nor did protein synthesis inhibitors, cycloheximide, or actinomycin D. However, pertussis toxin, a G(i) protein inhibitor, attenuated the inhibition of forskolin-induced I(sc) by testosterone. Testosterone caused a dose-dependent inhibition of forskolin-induced rise in cAMP in efferent duct cells. It is suggested that the rapid effect of testosterone was mediated through a membrane receptor that is negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase via G(i) protein. The role of nongenomic action of testosterone in the regulation of electrolyte and fluid transport in the efferent duct is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Leung
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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14
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15
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LEYDIG CELL TUMORS PRESENTING AS AZOOSPERMIA. J Urol 1999. [DOI: 10.1097/00005392-199905000-00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Panidis D, Rousso D, Stergiopoulos K, Papathanasiou K, Delkos D, Papaletsos M. The effect of testicular seminoma in semen quality. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1999; 83:219-22. [PMID: 10391536 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-2115(99)00006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Although male subfertility has been reported in a variety of malignancies, most notably testicular carcinoma, the literature that refers to semen quality in males with testicular seminoma is very limited. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of testicular seminoma in semen quality and especially in its three main parameters. Semen specimens from 12 men, aged 24-38 years, with testicular seminoma before they underwent orchidectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy to the ipsilateral para-aortic and pelvic lymph nodes, and from 60 fertile men, aged 24-44 years, were studied. The results support the view that testicular seminoma exerts a deleterious effect on spermatogenesis and consequently to the three main parameters of the semen. The mechanism though of the deleterious effect of seminoma on spermatogenesis remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Panidis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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De Miguel MP, Regadera J, Martinez-Garcia F, Nistal M, Paniagua R. Oncostatin M in the normal human testis and several testicular disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84:768-74. [PMID: 10022451 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.84.2.5480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The immunohistochemical reaction to oncostatin M (OSM) was studied in normal human testes at different ages (fetuses, newborns, children, pubertal boys, adults, and elderly men), as well as in several testicular disorders including carcinoma-in-situ cells (CIS), germ cell tumors, benign functioning Leydig cell tumor, androgen insensitivity syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, and cryptorchidism. Positive OSM immunostained Sertoli cells were only observed in fetuses. In normal testes, intense OSM immunoreaction was found in the Leydig cells of fetuses, newborns, and adults. Leydig cell immunoreaction was weak in elderly men and absent in children and pubertal boys. In some testicular disorders (Leydig cell tumor, cryptorchidism, and CIS), Leydig cell immunoreaction was as intense as in normal adult testes. This immunoreaction was heterogeneous in androgen insensitivity syndrome and was absent in Klinefelter's syndrome and intratubular seminoma. No recognizable Leydig cells were observed in the other testicular tumors. The findings of our study suggest that, in humans, the down-regulation of OSM immunoexpression in Sertoli cells occurs early, and that OSM immunoreaction in the Leydig cells is associated with functionally active and differentiated Leydig cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P De Miguel
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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Place de l'autoconservation de sperme chez l'homme: Analyse d'une étude rétrospective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03034463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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