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Abdel Haleem MI, Khater HF, Edris SN, Taie HAA, Abdel Gawad SM, Hassan NA, El-Far AH, Magdy Y, Elbasuni SS. Bioefficacy of dietary inclusion of Nannochloropsis oculata on Eimeria spp. challenged chicks: clinical approaches, meat quality, and molecular docking. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:199-217. [PMID: 38285881 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2312133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Although anticoccidial drugs have been used to treat avian coccidiosis for nearly a century, resistance, bird harm, and food residues have caused health concerns. Thus, Nannochloropsis oculata was investigated as a possible coccidiosis treatment for broilers. A total of 150 1-day-old male Cobb broiler chicks were treated as follows: G1-Ng: fed a basal diet; G2-Ps: challenged with Eimeria spp. oocysts and fed basal diet; G3-Clo: challenged and fed basal diet with clopidol; G4-NOa: challenged and fed 0.1% N. oculata in diet, and G5-NOb: challenged and fed 0.2% N. oculata. Compared to G2-Ps, N. oculata in the diet significantly (P < 0.05) decreased dropping scores, lesion scores, and oocyst shedding. Without affecting breast meat colour metrics, N. oculata improved meat quality characters. At 28 days of age, birds received 0.2% N. oculata had significantly (P < 0.05) higher serum levels of MDA, T-SOD, HDL, and LDL cholesterol compared to G2-Ps. Serum AST, ALT, and urea levels were all decreased when N. oculata (0.2%) was used as opposed to G2-Ps. Histopathological alterations and the number of developmental and degenerative stages of Eimeria spp. in the intestinal epithelium were dramatically reduced by 0.2% N. oculata compared to G2-Ps. Molecular docking revealed a higher binding affinity of N. oculata for E. tenella aldolase, EtAMA1, and EtMIC3, which hindered glucose metabolism, host cell adhesion, and invasion of Eimeria. Finally, N. oculata (0.2%) can be used in broiler diets to mitigate the deleterious effects of coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa I Abdel Haleem
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Hanem F Khater
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Shimaa N Edris
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Hanan A A Taie
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Samah M Abdel Gawad
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Nibal A Hassan
- Department of Biology, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Pathology Department, Giza, Egypt
- College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Yasmeen Magdy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Sawsan S Elbasuni
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
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Abd El-Ghany WA. Potential Effects of Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) on the Performance, Immunity, Gut Health, Anti-Oxidant Status, Blood Parameters, and Intestinal Microbiota of Poultry: An Updated Comprehensive Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:498. [PMID: 38338142 PMCID: PMC10854602 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics as growth promoters or for the prevention of some poultry diseases has faced global concern and serious criticism. Their addition to poultry feed has shown hazardous effects, including the development of antimicrobial resistance and a potentially harmful effect on human health. To eliminate these threats, there is increasing interest in natural alternatives. Plant derivatives such as garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its derivatives are presently extensively used in the poultry production system. The dietary supplementation of broilers and layers with garlic induced improvement in the production parameters, carcass quality, and intestinal integrity. The modulation of the immune response against some important viral diseases has resulted from the supplementation of poultry with garlic. Moreover, garlic has been shown to modulate gut health through antibacterial and antiparasitic activities. Treatment with garlic can also mitigate oxidative stress and reduce free-radical production. The reduction of cholesterol levels and improvement of some liver and blood parameters were also reported following the dietary inoculation of garlic. This review was designed to investigate the influence of garlic as a dietary additive on the performance, immunity, gut health, anti-oxidant status, blood parameters, and intestinal microbiota of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Freitas LFV, Dorigam JCP, Reis MP, Horna F, Fernandes JBK, Sakomura NK. Eimeria maxima infection impacts the protein utilisation of broiler chicks from 14 to 28 days of age. Animal 2023; 17 Suppl 5:100807. [PMID: 37183118 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In floor-raised broilers, coccidiosis is responsible for reducing the use of nutrients, mainly by impairing intestinal tissue function and activating the immune system. Understanding and quantifying how balanced dietary protein (BP) is used when birds are challenged will allow nutritionists to make decisions regarding challenged flocks. This study aimed to determine the effects of Eimeria maxima on broiler performance and body composition, and to calculate changes in the maintenance and efficiency of protein utilisation (Ep). A total of 2 400 male 14-day-old Cobb500 broiler chickens were randomly allotted to ten groups with six replications of 40 birds each, with a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Five levels of BP in reference to digestible lysine (3.6, 7.2, 10.8, 14.4, and 18.0 g/kg) were fed to unchallenged (NCH) and challenged (CH) broilers with 7 × 103E. maxima sporulated oocysts from 14 to 28 days of age. Performance and body deposition were measured using a comparative slaughter technique to compare BP maintenance requirements and Ep. ANOVA followed by a posthoc test was performed to compare the effects of BP levels, challenge, and their interactions. A monomolecular model describing the responses of NCH and CH broilers to BP intake, maintenance, and maximum protein deposition was compared. There were significant interactions between body weight gain and digestible lysine intake among the factors studied. Infection had a negative impact on all variables analysed, proving the efficacy of the challenge. The maintenance did not differ between the CH and NCH groups. Increased levels of dietary BP did not recover the maximum protein deposition in CH broilers. Eimeria maxima significantly reduced Ep by a factor of 0.09 times on Ep compared to the control group. The Eimeria maxima challenge was responsible to modify the use of BP altering the body composition and impairing broilers performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F V Freitas
- Animal Science Departament, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Via de acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellene, s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C P Dorigam
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - M P Reis
- Animal Science Departament, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Via de acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellene, s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Horna
- Animal Science Departament, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Via de acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellene, s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J B K Fernandes
- Aquaculture Center, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Via de acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellene, s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N K Sakomura
- Animal Science Departament, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Via de acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellene, s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Freitas LFVBD, Sakomura NK, Reis MDP, Mariani AB, Lambert W, Andretta I, Létourneau-Montminy MP. Coccidiosis infection and growth performance of broilers in experimental trials: insights from a meta-analysis including modulating factors. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103021. [PMID: 37666145 PMCID: PMC10491763 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An infection by protozoa Eimeria spp. can cause coccidiosis, which negatively affects broiler chicken performance and causes economic and production losses. To understand the effect of coccidiosis on broilers' performance, we evaluated the independent variables and their interactions on the severity of coccidiosis in broilers that cause variation (Δ) of average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain per feed (G:F) of broiler chicks using a meta-analysis approach. A database of 55 papers describing 63 experiments was gathered; broilers were challenged by Eimeria species (E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella, and mixed) and at least 2 variables among ADFI, ADG, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were studied. The variation induced by the challenge was calculated relative to the control group of each experiment. The indirect factors evaluated were days postinfection (DPI), Eimeria type and dose, infection age (IA), bird's mean age in the analyzed period, genetic line, sex, and whether they were raised in a cage or a pen. Graphical, correlation, and variance analyses were performed to evaluate the form of the responses. Then, a linear plateau model was adjusted for each response variable as a function of DPI to determine the consequences of the disease on the variation of performance over time after infection. The impact of the infection challenge on the variation of performance vs. nonchallenge broilers was only impacted by DPI (P < 0.05). The adjustment of the data with the linear plateau model allows us to determine the host response to the coccidiosis disease at different stages. At 5 DPI (acute phase), ΔADFI, ΔADG, ΔG:F were of -19.0; -39.8, and -25.5, respectively. After almost 13 DPI birds achieved the recovery phase for all variables with Δ varying from -19 to -3.75% for ADFI, from -39.8 to -10.5% for ADG, and from -25.5 to -7.24% for G:F. The Eimeria impact was higher in ADG than ADFI in all periods due to Eimeria aggressive action form causing lesions in gut epithelial reducing the use of nutrients and energy. The results can be used as a quantitative approach to determine the consequences of Eimeria spp. on broiler performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Filipe Villas Boas de Freitas
- Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Nilva Kazue Sakomura
- Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Paula Reis
- Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Bonadiman Mariani
- Animal Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil
| | | | - Ines Andretta
- Animal Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91540-000, Brazil
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Zaghari M, Pouraghaali S, Zhandi M, Abbasi M. Effect of Monovalent Copper Oxide and Potentiated Zinc Oxide on Growth Performance and Gut Morphology of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Coccidiosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2524-2535. [PMID: 35781621 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of copper oxide (Cu2O) and potentiated zinc oxide (ZnO) on performance, intestinal morphology, oocyst excretion, coccidial lesion scores, and antioxidant properties in broilers during an Eimeria spp. challenge. A total of 288 1-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were divided into 18 treatments. Treatments included three levels of Cu (0, 15, or 150 mg/kg) from Cu2O and three levels of Zn (0, 80, or 160 mg/kg) from potentiated ZnO which were added to the basal diet and fed to broilers with or without challenge, using a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement for 42 days. Live body weight, feed intake, mortality, and the cause of death were recorded weekly and histomorphology of jejunum was measured at the end of the experiment. Results showed that birds fed Cu and Zn linearly decreased (P < 0.0001) oocyst shedding. The number of excreted oocysts was reduced eight times in broilers fed a diet containing 150 mg/kg copper from Cu2O and 160 mg/kg zinc from potentiated ZnO, compared to the infected group without Cu and Zn supplementation (P < 0.0001). Microscopic features of both non-challenged and challenged broiler jejunum revealed significant improvement along with increased Cu2O and potentiated ZnO doses. Supplementation of Cu2O and potentiated ZnO decreased the jejunum structure damages and intestinal lesion score (P < 0.002). Eimeria caused a decrease (P < 0.006) in total antioxidant capacity. Superoxide dismutase increased by dietary zinc supplementation (P < 0.05). Results suggested that a combination of Cu2O and potentiated ZnO could exhibit efficient anticoccidial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zaghari
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, PO Box: 31587-11167, Alborz, Karaj, Iran.
| | - S Pouraghaali
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, PO Box: 31587-11167, Alborz, Karaj, Iran
| | - M Zhandi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, PO Box: 31587-11167, Alborz, Karaj, Iran
| | - M Abbasi
- Department of Animal & Poultry Nutrition, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, PO Box: 49156-77555, Gorgan, Iran
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The In Vitro Anticoccidial Activity of Some Herbal Extracts against Eimeria spp. Oocysts Isolated from Piglets. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020258. [PMID: 36839530 PMCID: PMC9964294 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis in pigs seldom results in important economic losses. However, it can influence growth rates in weaners and it is an important hygiene indicator in swine farms. Certain herbs, along with their extracts, have been used over the course of history in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro anticoccidial effects of Allium sativum L. (garlic), Artemisia absinthium L. (wormwood), Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander), Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin), Satureja hortensis L. (summer savory), and Calendula officinalis L. (marigold) against Eimeria suis and Eimeria debliecki oocysts. The stock solution of oocysts (58% E. suis + 42% E. debliecki) was incubated for three days, before adding the tested solutions. The unsporulated Eimeria spp. oocysts were then placed in a 3 mL well plate and incubated for 96 h at 27 °C, in a suspension containing serial dilutions of alcoholic plant extracts (5%, 2.5%, 1.25%, 0.625%, and 0.312%). The percentage of sporulated and destroyed oocysts was recorded every 24 h for 96 h. All extracts had a good in vitro anticoccidial effect against oocysts of Eimeria spp. compared with the control groups. Oocyst sporulation was significantly (p = 0.05) inhibited by the 5% marigold extract (3.6% sporulated oocysts). The same extract had the highest lytic effect on oocysts (65.2% destroyed oocysts). Our results prove that the most effective alcoholic plant extract is the marigold extract, followed, in order of efficiency, by the wormwood, coriander, garlic, pumpkin, and summer savory extracts. This study represents a preliminary contribution for establishing a new generation of natural disinfectants aimed at destroying Eimeria oocysts in the context of swine contamination.
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Lepczyński A, Herosimczyk A, Bucław M, Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska M. Antibiotics in avian care and husbandry-status and alternative antimicrobials. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Undoubtedly, the discovery of antibiotics was one of the greatest milestones in the treatment of human and animal diseases. Due to their over-use mainly as antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) in livestock farming, antimicrobial resistance has been reported with increasing intensity, especially in the last decades. In order to reduce the scale of this phenomenon, initially in the Scandinavian countries and then throughout the entire European Union, a total ban on the use of AGP was introduced, moreover, a significant limitation in the use of these feed additives is now observed almost all over the world. The withdrawal of AGP from widespread use has prompted investigators to search for alternative strategies to maintain and stabilize the composition of the gut microbiota. These strategies include substances that are used in an attempt to stimulate the growth and activity of symbiotic bacteria living in the digestive tract of animals, as well as living microorganisms capable of colonizing the host’s gastrointestinal tract, which can positively affect the composition of the intestinal microbiota by exerting a number of pro-health effects, i.e., prebiotics and probiotics, respectively. In this review we also focused on plants/herbs derived products that are collectively known as phytobiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lepczyński
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics , West Pomeranian University of Technology , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Herosimczyk
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics , West Pomeranian University of Technology , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Mateusz Bucław
- Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences , West Pomeranian University of Technology , Szczecin , Poland
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Hatabu T, Pham HHS, Aota W, Fujino S, Nishihara R, Kawamura G, Sakogawa Y, Taniguchi S, Matsubayashi M. Reduction of oocyte shedding and cecal inflammation by 5-aminolevulinic acid daily supplementation in laying hens infected with Eimeria tenella. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13806. [PMID: 36627207 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on Eimeria tenella infection in laying hens. Oocyst shedding and histopathology were evaluated. A reduced oocyst shedding was observed 5 and 7 days post-infection (dpi) in the 5-ALA-administered group, but the total number of oocysts during the first infection period was not different between control and 5-ALA-treated groups. After E. tenella attack infection, the period of oocyst shedding in the 5-ALA-administered group lasted less long than that in controls. During the attack infection period, the total number of fecal oocysts in the 5-ALA-treated group was significantly lower than that in the control group. However, the parasite burden score in hens receiving 5-ALA was higher than that in controls after E. tenella attack infection. The lesion scores at 5 and 30 dpi in the control group were significantly lower than those in the 5-ALA-administered group. Therefore, 5-ALA administration might be beneficial against E. tenella infection in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Hatabu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hung Hoang Son Pham
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Wataru Aota
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shota Fujino
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Rio Nishihara
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Go Kawamura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuudai Sakogawa
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin Taniguchi
- Agricultural Promotion and Advisory Division, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Department, Hokusatsu Regional Promotion Bureau, Satsumasendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsubayashi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Japan
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Bedford MR, Apajalahti JH. The influence of nutrition on intestinal disease with emphasis on coccidiosis. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:504-520. [PMID: 35791756 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2098692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the poultry industry began to intensify early last century, coccidiosis has been a significant problem with which it has had to contend. Losses due to mortality and morbidity can be significant and before the advent of control agents there were several practices, some of which were nutritional, which were implemented to limit these losses. The development of coccidiostats reduced these problems considerably and as a result some of the more extreme intervention measures were no longer necessary. Modern day interpretation of what may have been happening with some of these early interventions provide interesting insights into what may be possible today should cocciodiostats be removed. More recent research has also indicated that the diet has a significant influence on the ability of poultry to resist and resolve an infection through direct and indirect effects on the pathogen, the immune system and on the litter. This paper reviews the role of dietary ingredients and nutrients on the pathogen to establish and the host to resist such an infection. There is clearly no panacea, but the combination of a few practices may reduce the overall challenge experienced by the poultry producer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Bedford
- AB Vista, 3 Woodstock Court, Blenheim Rd, Marlborough UK
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Taylor J, Walk C, Misiura M, Sorbara JOB, Giannenas I, Kyriazakis I. Quantifying the effect of coccidiosis on broiler performance and infection outcomes in the presence and absence of control methods. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101746. [PMID: 35219136 PMCID: PMC8881651 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the role of Eimeria species, dose and inoculation time, on performance and infection outcomes of different broiler strains infected for different study durations. The meta-analysis addressed E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella, and mixed species infections, and involved data from 72 peer-reviewed articles, corresponding to 521 treatments performed on 20,756 broilers. A secondary objective was to investigate the effects of synthetic anticoccidials, ionophores, and vaccination against Eimeria on the above outcomes. Performance during infection was scaled (%) to that of the uninfected birds. Infection reduced scaled ADFI and ADG (P < 0.001) and increased feed conversion ratio (FCR; P < 0.05); there was a significant interaction between dose and species on scaled ADFI and ADG, suggesting that different species affected these variables to different extents (P < 0.001). There was a tendency for an interaction between dose and broiler strain on scaled ADFI (P = 0.079), and a significant interaction between these variables on scaled ADG (P < 0.01). A tendency for an interaction between oocyst dose and Eimeria species (P = 0.067) on maximum number of oocysts excreted was observed. Lesion scores were significantly affected by dose, species, and their interaction (P < 0.05), the latter caused by an increase in the lesion scores during E. maxima and E. tenella infections. Control methods significantly affected scaled ADG and FCR (P < 0.05) and there was an interaction between dose and control methods on ADFI (P < 0.001). Synthetic anticoccidial use improved scaled ADG (P < 0.01), whereas ionophores improved FCR compared with untreated birds (P < 0.01). An interaction between dose and control method on scaled ADFI was caused by the higher ADFI of vaccinated compared to untreated birds, as dose increased. There was a significant effect of control methods on lesion scores (P < 0.01). All findings advance our understanding of the factors that influence the impact of coccidiosis and its controls in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Taylor
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie Walk
- DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst 4303, Switzerland
| | - Maciej Misiura
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilias Kyriazakis
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom.
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Mousavinasab SS, Bozorgmehrifard MH, Kiaei SMM, Rahbari S, Charkhkar S. Comparison of the effects of herbal compounds and chemical drugs for control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is the most important intestinal parasitic disease of broiler chickens in poultry industry. Because of the increasing resistance to anticoccidial agents and presence of their residues in meat and eggs, it is necessary to find safe and new anticoccidial compounds. This study was conducted to compare the effects of two herbal compounds, including Artemisia sieberi and Curcuma longa, and their mix with a chemical anticoccidial drug on broilers’ performance during a mixed coccidian challenge. A total of 216, one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into six groups. Different herbal extracts and one chemical anticoccidial agent were used in each group. Five groups were infected with a mixture of Eimeria sporulated oocysts at the age of 21 days with crop gavage. Body weight and feed intake were measured then feed conversion ratio was calculated on a weekly basis. Mortality was recorded when occurred throughout the experimental period. Oocysts excretions and lesion scores were investigated weekly up to three weeks after infection. Eimeria-challenged birds had a reduction in growth parameters compared to the uninfected birds (P<0.001); the best performance values were recorded for the groups treated with a mix of two herbal extracts and amprolium ethopabate (P<0.05). The groups treated with herbal extracts had a significantly reduced oocyst excretion per gram of faeces compared to the positive control group. Lesion score of the amprolium ethopabate group was better than those of the other groups. As a conclusion, herbal extracts, especially a mix of them, could be effective in controlling coccidiosis and its complications.
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El-Shall NA, Abd El-Hack ME, Albaqami NM, Khafaga AF, Taha AE, Swelum AA, El-Saadony MT, Salem HM, El-Tahan AM, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA, Elbestawy AR. Phytochemical control of poultry coccidiosis: a review. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101542. [PMID: 34871985 PMCID: PMC8649401 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian coccidiosis is a major parasitic disorder in chickens resulting from the intracellular apicomplexan protozoa Eimeria that target the intestinal tract leading to a devastating disease. Eimeria life cycle is complex and consists of intra- and extracellular stages inducing a potent inflammatory response that results in tissue damage associated with oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, diarrheal hemorrhage, poor growth, increased susceptibility to other disease agents, and in severe cases, mortality. Various anticoccidial drugs and vaccines have been used to prevent and control this disorder; however, many drawbacks have been reported. Drug residues concerning the consumers have directed research toward natural, safe, and effective alternative compounds. Phytochemical/herbal medicine is one of these natural alternatives to anticoccidial drugs, which is considered an attractive way to combat coccidiosis in compliance with the "anticoccidial chemical-free" regulations. The anticoccidial properties of several natural herbal products (or their extracts) have been reported. The effect of herbal additives on avian coccidiosis is based on diminishing the oocyst output through inhibition or impairment of the invasion, replication, and development of Eimeria species in the gut tissues of chickens; lowering oocyst counts due to the presence of phenolic compounds in herbal extracts which reacts with cytoplasmic membranes causing coccidial cell death; ameliorating the degree of intestinal lipid peroxidation; facilitating the repair of epithelial injuries; and decreasing the intestinal permeability induced by Eimeria species through the upregulation of epithelial turnover. This current review highlights the anticoccidial activity of several herbal products, and their other beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed A El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Elbehira 22758, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Najah M Albaqami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22758, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511 , Egypt
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211 , Egypt
| | - Amira M El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Synan F AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain,15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain,15551, United Arab Emirates; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, 6150, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
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Curcumin reduces enteric isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2α and prostaglandin GF2α in specific pathogen-free Leghorn chickens challenged with Eimeria maxima. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11609. [PMID: 34078952 PMCID: PMC8172875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate and determine the concentration of prostaglandin GF2α (PGF2α) and isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α in plasma and intestine of specific pathogen-free (SPF) Leghorn chickens challenged with Eimeria maxima, with or without dietary supplementation of curcumin using solid‐phase microextraction and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Eighty 1-day-old male SPF chickens were randomly allocated to one of four groups with four replicates (n = 5 chickens/replicate). Groups consisted of: (1) Control (no challenge), (2) Curcumin (no challenge), (3) Eimeria maxima (challenge), and (4) Eimeria maxima (challenge) + curcumin. At day 28 of age, all chickens in the challenge groups were orally gavaged with 40,000 sporulated E. maxima oocysts. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the groups regardless of the treatment or challenge with E. maxima. Enteric levels of both isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α and PGF2α at 7 days and 9 days post-challenge were significantly increased (P < 0.01) compared to the non-challenge control chickens. Interestingly, the enteric levels of both isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α and PGF2α at 7 days post-challenge were significantly reduced in chickens fed curcumin, compared to control chickens challenge with E. maxima. At 9 days post-challenge, only levels of isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α in the enteric samples were significantly reduced in chickens challenged with E. maxima supplemented with curcumin, compared with E. maxima challenge chickens. No differences of isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α or PGF2α were observed in plasma at both days of evaluation. Similarly, no significant differences were observed between the challenge control or chickens challenge with E. maxima and supplemented with curcumin at both times of evaluation. The results of this pilot study suggests that the antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin reduced the oxidative damage and subsequent intestinal mucosal over-production of lipid oxidation products. Further studies to confirm and extend these results in broiler chickens are required.
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Shojadoost B, Yitbarek A, Alizadeh M, Kulkarni RR, Astill J, Boodhoo N, Sharif S. Centennial Review: Effects of vitamins A, D, E, and C on the chicken immune system. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100930. [PMID: 33607314 PMCID: PMC7900602 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are nutritional elements which are necessary for essential activities such as development, growth, and metabolism of cells. In addition to these conventional functions, vitamins A, D, E, and C have vital roles in normal function of the immune system as their deficiency is known to impair innate and adaptive host responses. By altering transcription of multiple immune system genes and contributing to antioxidant activities, these vitamins influence the immune system in different ways including modulation of cell-mediated and antibody-mediated responses, immunoregulation, and antiinflammatory effects. Furthermore, supplementation of these vitamins to poultry may assist the immune system to combat microbial pathogens while reducing detrimental effects associated with stress and enhancing responses to vaccines. In this article, the relationship between the chicken immune system and vitamins A, D, E, and C is reviewed, and evidence from the literature pertaining to how these vitamins exert their antiinflammatory, regulatory, and antimicrobial effects is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raveendra R Kulkarni
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nitish Boodhoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada.
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Broom LJ. Evidence-based consideration of dietary ‘alternatives’ to anticoccidial drugs to help control poultry coccidial infections. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1873713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leon J. Broom
- Gut Health Consultancy, Exeter, UK
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Abbasi R, Abdi-Hachesoo B, Razavi SM, Namazi F, Nazifi S. In vitro and in vivo activity of cinnamaldehyde against Eimeria kofoidi in chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar). Exp Parasitol 2020; 218:107978. [PMID: 32853633 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and twenty one-day-old chukar partridges were randomly divided into eight groups which received diets with different supplementations. There were four unchallenged groups. One group received salinomycin (50 ppm), two groups received cinnamaldehyde (CINN) (100 and 200 mg/kg of diet), and another one received only the basal diet from the 1st to the 31st day. There were also four corresponding groups orally challenged by 3 × 105Eimeria kofoidi sporulated oocysts at the 21st day. Three samplings were done at the 24th, 26th, and 31st days of rearing for pathological and biochemical assessments. Fecal samples were daily taken to check the pattern of oocyst shedding from the 26th to 31st day. The body weight of birds was measured at 21st and 31st days. Along with the in vivo experiment, an in vitro sporulation inhibition test was carried out. The in vitro results showed that CINN decreased sporulation rate at 1 and 0.5 mg/ml. In vivo, it was found that CINN did not prevent the oocyst shedding. Furthermore, the histopathological findings revealed that CINN and salinomycin had no effect on infection establishment. However, our findings showed that CINN (200 mg/kg of diet) could enhance the body weight and improve antioxidant status. Although our results did not support the in vivo anticoccidial activity of CINN, it had a promising potential to improve antioxidant status and body weight in the chukar partridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Abbasi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahman Abdi-Hachesoo
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mostafa Razavi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Namazi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Nazifi
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Antibacterial and Synergistic Effects of Herbal Extracts in Combination with Amikacin and Imipenem Against Multidrug-Resistant Isolates of Acinetobacter. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:1959-1967. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Marzoni M, Castillo A, Franzoni A, Nery J, Fortina R, Romboli I, Schiavone A. Effects of Dietary Quebracho Tannin on Performance Traits and Parasite Load in an Italian Slow-Growing Chicken (White Livorno Breed). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040684. [PMID: 32295190 PMCID: PMC7222791 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acknowledging that excessive use of chemical synthesis products in all animal fields is damaging for live beings and the environment, there is a need to propose natural elements as substitutes. Quebracho tannin may act against microbes, parasites, viruses and fungi, and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. There are few studies on dietary use of condensed tannins in poultry. In this study, dietary Quebracho tannin was tested in growing laying hens of a local pure breed reared under free-range conditions. We found that 2% dietary Quebracho tannin is the maximum inclusion level, and beyond this level becomes detrimental for a growing hen’s health. Quebracho tannin reduced fecal outputs of Nematodes and Coccidia, and this attribute could be helpful for the maintenance of a better litter quality by making birds produce highly dry droppings. Abstract Tannins have shown numerous biological activities and are very appreciated in food animal production, especially for their antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antivirus effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two levels of dietary Quebracho tannin (QT) on growth and performance traits, and possible effects on intestinal parasite load in Italian White Livorno pullets. A 140-day trial was carried out on 180 35-day-old females, fed on two levels of dietary QT inclusion: 0%, 1% and 2%. Birds were reared under free-range conditions. Dietary Quebracho tannin may be used up to 1% in growing female White Livorno chickens without any adverse effects. The results observed in this study on the use of dietary QT at 2% might have not reflected the real effect on performance traits due to the initial inclusion of dietary QT at 3%. Nevertheless, by reducing QT to 2%, a progressive normalization of body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio was observed, resulting in compensatory growth. QT was demonstrated to drastically reduce fecal outputs of Nematodes eggs (Ascaridia spp. and Heterakis spp.) and Coccidia oocytes (Eimeria spp.). The inclusion of 2% produced highly dry droppings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Marzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Annelisse Castillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (A.C.); (A.F.); (J.N.)
| | - Alessandro Franzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (A.C.); (A.F.); (J.N.)
| | - Joana Nery
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (A.C.); (A.F.); (J.N.)
| | - Riccardo Fortina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy;
| | | | - Achille Schiavone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy; (A.C.); (A.F.); (J.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-6709208
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19
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Single components of botanicals and nature-identical compounds as a non-antibiotic strategy to ameliorate health status and improve performance in poultry and pigs. Nutr Res Rev 2020; 33:218-234. [PMID: 32100670 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422420000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current post-antibiotic era, botanicals represent one of the most employed nutritional strategies to sustain antibiotic-free and no-antibiotic-ever production. Botanicals can be classified either as plant extracts, meaning the direct products derived by extraction from the raw plant materials (essential oils (EO) and oleoresins (OR)), or as nature-identical compounds (NIC), such as the chemically synthesised counterparts of the pure bioactive compounds of EO/OR. In the literature, differences between the use of EO/OR or NIC are often unclear, so it is difficult to attribute certain effects to specific bioactive compounds. The aim of the present review was to provide an overview of the effects exerted by botanicals on the health status and growth performance of poultry and pigs, focusing attention on those studies where only NIC were employed or those where the composition of the EO/OR was defined. In particular, phenolic compounds (apigenin, quercetin, curcumin and resveratrol), organosulfur compounds (allicin), terpenes (eugenol, thymol, carvacrol, capsaicin and artemisinin) and aldehydes (cinnamaldehyde and vanillin) were considered. These molecules have different properties such as antimicrobial (including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antiprotozoal), anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, as well as the improvement of intestinal morphology and integrity of the intestinal mucosa. The use of NIC allows us to properly combine pure compounds, according to the target to achieve. Thus, they represent a promising non-antibiotic tool to allow better intestinal health and a general health status, thereby leading to improved growth performance.
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20
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Bedford M. Removal of antibiotic growth promoters from poultry diets: implications and strategies to minimise subsequent problems. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps20000024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Simon J. Choline, betaine and methionine interactions in chickens, pigs and fish (including crustaceans). WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps19990025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Simon
- INRA, Station de Recherches Avicoles, 37380 Nouzilly, France
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22
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23
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24
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Nouri A. Chitosan nano-encapsulation improves the effects of mint, thyme, and cinnamon essential oils in broiler chickens. Br Poult Sci 2019; 60:530-538. [PMID: 31124697 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1622078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chitosan nano-encapsulating mint (MEO), thyme (TEO) and cinnamon (CEO) essential oils (EOs) used in the diet on performance, immune responses and intestinal bacteria population in broiler chickens. A total of 600 mixed-sex, 1-d-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a 2 × 4 factorial experiment as completely randomised design with 8 experimental groups (diets) with 5 replicates of 15 chicks each (totally 40 pens). The eight experimental diets consisted of no EO and free distiller water (control); no EO and chitosan nano-encapsulated (CNE) distiller water; and other six treatments with free or CNE form of MEO, TEO and CEO (added at 0.025%, 0.04% and 0.055% respectively to starter, grower and finisher diets). Both EOs and the CNE form had significant (P < 0.05) benefits on improving body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio in periods of 29-42 and 1-42 days. The highest effect was (P < 0.05) obtained in birds receiving TEO, which was intensified by nano-encapsulation. Breast percentage was improved by nano-encapsulation (P < 0.05). The EOs (especially TEO and CEO) and CNE form improved (P < 0.05) serum IgY and IgM concentrations (at 35 and 42 days) and intestinal Lactobacillus spp. and E. coli populations (at 42 days) in broilers. Nano-encapsulated EOs, especially TEO and CEO had (P < 0.05) the largest effect on increasing IgY42 concentrations and the microbial populations. The tested EOs, especially TEO, improved more of the evaluated traits in broiler chickens. Also, Chitosan nano-encapsulation because of its ideal properties can be an effective, suitable and inexpensive method for protecting bioactive compounds and improving effects of the herbal EOs especially thyme in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nouri
- Department of Animal Science, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University , Garmsar , Iran
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25
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Hernandez-Patlan D, Solís-Cruz B, Patrin Pontin K, Latorre JD, Baxter MFA, Hernandez-Velasco X, Merino-Guzman R, Méndez-Albores A, Hargis BM, Lopez-Arellano R, Tellez-Isaias G. Evaluation of the Dietary Supplementation of a Formulation Containing Ascorbic Acid and a Solid Dispersion of Curcumin with Boric Acid against Salmonella Enteritidis and Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E184. [PMID: 31013587 PMCID: PMC6524164 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of the prophylactic or therapeutic administration of a 0.1% mixture containing ascorbic acid and a solid dispersion of curcumin with polyvinylpyrrolidone and boric acid (AA-CUR/PVP-BA) against Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) in broiler chickens. A third experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of the dietary administration of 0.1% AA-CUR/PVP-BA in a necrotic enteritis (NE) model in broiler chickens. The prophylactic administration of 0.1% AA-CUR/PVP-BA significantly decreased S. Enteritidis colonization in cecal tonsils (CT) when compared to the positive control group (PC, p < 0.05). The therapeutic administration of 0.1% AA-CUR/PVP-BA significantly reduced the concentration of S. Enteritidis by 2.05 and 2.71 log in crop and CT, respectively, when compared with the PC on day 10 post-S. Enteritidis challenge. Furthermore, the serum FITC-d concentration and total intestinal IgA levels were also significantly lower in chickens that received 0.1% AA-CUR/PVP-BA. Contrary, the PC group showed significantly higher total intestinal IgA levels compared to the negative control or AA-CUR/PVP-BA groups in the NE model. However, 0.1% AA-CUR/PVP-BA showed a better effect in reducing the concentration of S. Enteritidis when compared to the NE model. Further studies with higher concentration of AA-CUR/PVP-BA into the feed to extend these preliminary results are currently being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hernandez-Patlan
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, Mexico.
| | - Bruno Solís-Cruz
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, Mexico.
| | - Karine Patrin Pontin
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Aviária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Juan D Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
| | - Mikayla F A Baxter
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Ruben Merino-Guzman
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
| | - Abraham Méndez-Albores
- Laboratorio 14: Alimentos, Micotoxinas y Micotoxicosis, Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, Mexico.
| | - Billy M Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA.
| | - Raquel Lopez-Arellano
- Laboratorio 5: LEDEFAR, Unidad de Investigacion Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Cuautitlan Izcalli 54714, Mexico.
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26
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Ali BH, Marrif H, Noureldayem SA, Bakheit AO, Blunden G. Some Biological Properties of Curcumin: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600100613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloyl methane), a small-molecular weight compound isolated from the roots of Curcuma longa L. (family Zingiberaceae), has been used traditionally for centuries in Asia for medicinal, culinary and other purposes. A large number of in vitro and in vivo studies in both animals and man have indicated that curcumin has strong antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, anti-parasitic and other activities. The mechanisms of some of these actions have recently been intensively investigated. Curcumin inhibits the promotion/ progression stage of carcinogenesis by induction of apoptosis and the arrest of cancer cells in the S, G2/M cell cycle phase. The compound inhibits the activity of growth factor receptors. The anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin are mediated through their effects on cytokines, lipid mediators, eicosanoids and proteolytic enzymes. Curcumin scavenges the superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide, and inhibits lipid peroxidation. These actions may be the basis for many of its pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Curcumin is a nutraceutical of low toxicity, which has been used successfully in a number of medical conditions that include cataracts, cystic fibrosis, and prostate and colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreldin H. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Oman
| | - Husnia Marrif
- Toxicology Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Amel O. Bakheit
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, SUST, Sudan
| | - Gerald Blunden
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
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27
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Hepato-protective effect of curcumin and silymarin against Eimeria stiedae in experimentally infected rabbits. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Ali M, Chand N, Khan RU, Naz S, Gul S. Anticoccidial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) against experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1573731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ali
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Naila Chand
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sina Gul
- Regional Investment Funds for Agriculture (RIFA), Afghan Valued-Chain for Livestock, Kabul, Afghanistan
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Pleurotus ostreatus extract inhibits Eimeria species development in naturally infected broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 51:109-117. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Odden A, Enemark HL, Ruiz A, Robertson LJ, Ersdal C, Nes SK, Tømmerberg V, Stuen S. Controlled efficacy trial confirming toltrazuril resistance in a field isolate of ovine Eimeria spp. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:394. [PMID: 29976240 PMCID: PMC6034276 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-2976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coccidiosis due to Eimeria spp. infections in lambs causes increased mortality and substantial production losses, and anticoccidials are important for control of the infection. Anticoccidial resistance has been reported in poultry and swine, and we recently described reduced toltrazuril efficacy in ovine Eimeria spp. in some Norwegian sheep farms using a newly developed faecal oocyst count reduction test (FOCRT). The aim of the present study was to use a controlled efficacy trial to assess the efficacy of toltrazuril against a field isolate suspected of being resistant. METHODS Twenty lambs, 17-22 days old and raised protected against exposure to coccidia, were infected with a field isolate of 100,000 Eimeria spp. oocysts. This isolate was obtained from a farm with a previously calculated drug efficacy of 56% (95% confidence interval: -433.9 to 96.6%). At day 7 post-infection, 10 of the lambs were orally treated with 20 mg/kg toltrazuril (Baycox Sheep vet., Bayer Animal Health), while the other 10 lambs (controls) were given physiological saline. Clinical examinations were conducted, and weight gains recorded. Daily faecal samples were scored for diarrhoea on a scale from 1 to 5, and oocyst excretion was determined using a modified McMaster technique. Oocysts were morphologically identified to species level. At 17-24 days post-infection, the lambs were euthanized and necropsied. RESULTS The tested Eimeria isolate was resistant against toltrazuril, and resistance was seen in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. In addition, no significant differences in faecal score, growth, gross pathology or histological changes were identified between the two groups. The pathogenic E. ovinoidalis was the dominant species, and no significant difference in the individual prevalence of E. ovinoidalis post-treatment was found between treated (66.9%) and control lambs (61.9%). Other species identified included E. crandallis/weybridgensis, E. parva, E. marsica, E. faurei, E. pallida, E. ahsata and E. bakuensis. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms toltrazuril resistance in ovine Eimeria spp.; in addition, the data support the use of FOCRT as an appropriate tool for field evaluation of anticoccidial efficacy. Due to limited anticoccidial treatment alternatives, these findings may have important implications for the sheep industry, particularly in northern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Odden
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Kyrkjevegen 332/334, 4325 Sandnes, Norway
| | - Heidi L. Enemark
- Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonio Ruiz
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Lucy J. Robertson
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369 Sentrum, 0102 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Ersdal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Kyrkjevegen 332/334, 4325 Sandnes, Norway
| | - Silje K. Nes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Kyrkjevegen 332/334, 4325 Sandnes, Norway
| | - Vibeke Tømmerberg
- Animalia, Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, P.O. Box 396, Økern, 0513 Oslo, Norway
| | - Snorre Stuen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Kyrkjevegen 332/334, 4325 Sandnes, Norway
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Oh S, Gadde UD, Bravo D, Lillehoj EP, Lillehoj HS. Growth-Promoting and Antioxidant Effects of Magnolia Bark Extract in Chickens Uninfected or Co-Infected with Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria maxima as an Experimental Model of Necrotic Enteritis. Curr Dev Nutr 2018; 2:nzy009. [PMID: 30019032 PMCID: PMC6041942 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnolia tree bark has been widely used in traditional Asian medicine. However, to our knowledge, no studies have been reported investigating the effects of dietary supplementation with magnolia bark extract in chickens. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation of chickens with a Magnolia officinalis bark extract would increase growth performance in uninfected and Eimeria maxima/Clostridium perfringens co-infected chickens. METHODS A total of 168 chickens were fed from hatch either a standard diet or a diet supplemented with 0.33 mg or 0.56 mg M. officinalis bark extract/kg (M/H low or M/H high, respectively) from days 1 to 35. At day 14, half of the chickens were orally infected with E. maxima, followed by C. perfringens infection at day 18 to induce experimental avian necrotic enteritis. Daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, body weight gain, and final body weight were measured as indicators of growth performance. Serum α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) concentrations were measured as an indicator of systemic inflammation, and intestinal lesion scores were determined as a marker of disease progression. Transcript levels for catalase, heme oxygenase 1, and superoxide dismutase in the intestine, liver, spleen, and skeletal muscle were measured as indicators of antioxidant status. RESULTS Growth performance increased between days 1 and 35 in uninfected and E. maxima/C. perfringens co-infected chickens fed M/H-low or M/H-high diets compared with unsupplemented controls. Gut lesion scores were decreased, whereas AGP concentrations were unchanged, in co-infected chickens fed magnolia-supplemented diets compared with unsupplemented controls. In general, transcripts for antioxidant enzymes increased in chickens fed magnolia-supplemented diets compared with unsupplemented controls, and significant interactions between dietary supplementation and co-infection were observed for all antioxidant enzyme transcript levels. CONCLUSION Magnolia bark extract might be useful for future development of dietary strategies to improve poultry health, disease resistance, and productivity without the use of antibiotic growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungtaek Oh
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Ujvala Deepthi Gadde
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | | | - Erik P Lillehoj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Bioscience and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
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Abbas A, Iqbal Z, Abbas RZ, Khan MK, Khan JA, Sindhu ZUD, Mahmood MS, Saleemi MK. In vivo anticoccidial effects of Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) in broiler chickens. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:139-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Chauhan S, Singh VS, Thakur V. Effect of Calotropis procera (madar) and amprolium supplementation on parasitological parameters of broilers during mixed Eimeria species infection. Vet World 2017; 10:864-868. [PMID: 29070931 PMCID: PMC5591470 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.864-868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM An experiment was conducted on day old 168 broiler chicks to study the effect of 0.4% as well as 0.2% Calotropis procera (madar) leaf powder and 0.0125% amprolium supplementation on parasitological parameters of broilers during mixed Eimeria species infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chicks were randomly divided into seven groups (I-VII) each with two replicates of 12 chicks. On 15th day of experiment, broilers of Group II, IV, VI, and VII were infected with 50,000 sporulated oocysts of mixed Eimeria species. To evaluate the anticoccidial effect of different feed supplements percent fecal score, percent survival, percent weight gain, performance index (PI), average oocyst production, and percent reduction in oocyst production were calculated. RESULTS It was observed that amprolium supplementation had maximum anticoccidial effect as it gave the best efficacy in terms of all parameters, whereas supplementation of 0.4% madar leaf powder showed nonsignificant difference with amprolium for some parameters such as percent survival, percent weight gain, and PI. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that madar (C. procera) leaf powder and amprolium had comparable activity against coccidiosis. Hence, madar leaf powder may be used for the prevention and control of mixed Eimeria spp. infection prevalent in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Chauhan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263 145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - V S Singh
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263 145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vipul Thakur
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
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de Moraes França Ferreira P, Martins MTS, Caldas DW, Gomes JR, de Oliveira JM, Salaro AL, Rocha JS, Zuanon JAS. Curcuma longa as additive in the diet for Astyanax aff. bimaculatus. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:691-702. [PMID: 28083736 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of turmeric (Curcuma longa) as additive in the diet for Astyanax aff. bimaculatus. Fish (0.83 ± 0.04 g) were fed, for 60 days, with six diets containing 0.0, 20.0, 40.0, 60.0, 80.0, and 100.0 g turmeric kg-1 feed. There was an increasing linear effect of turmeric on the thickness of the muscular layer, and height and width of the folds of the intestine. In the liver, a quadratic effect was observed of turmeric on the percentage of hepatocyte cytoplasm and a decreasing linear effect on the percentage of sinusoid capillaries. A quadratic effect was also observed of turmeric on the liver glycogen. There was no effect of turmeric on the antioxidant activity in the liver, carcass composition or productive performance of the fish. Thus, we concluded that Curcuma longa has trophic effects on the epithelium and the muscular layer of the intestine of A. aff. bimaculatus. Additionally, low levels of Curcuma longa cause increased deposition of liver glycogen and high levels cause reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Tatiana Soares Martins
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa - UFV, Av. PH Rolfs s / n, Viçosa, MG, CEP 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Débora Werneck Caldas
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa - UFV, Av. PH Rolfs s / n, Viçosa, MG, CEP 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Rodrigues Gomes
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, MG, CEP 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Jerusa Maria de Oliveira
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, MG, CEP 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Salaro
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa - UFV, Av. PH Rolfs s / n, Viçosa, MG, CEP 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silva Rocha
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa - UFV, Viçosa, MG, CEP 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Jener Alexandre Sampaio Zuanon
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa - UFV, Av. PH Rolfs s / n, Viçosa, MG, CEP 36570-000, Brazil.
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Anticoccidial effects of Aloe secundiflora leaf extract against Eimeria tenella in broiler chicken. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 49:823-828. [PMID: 28315138 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Anticoccidial effects of Aloe secundiflora crude leaf extract was tested in broiler chickens following oral infection with Eimeria tenella. Sixty 22-day-old birds were divided into six groups of ten birds each. Three treatment groups A, B, and C were fed with the extract (100, 250, and 500 mg/day, respectively) mixed in feed for 10 days, and three control groups: group D (drug control) administered 300 mg/l of sulfachloropyrazine sodium soluble powder in drinking water for 5 days, group E (infected/non-medicated positive control), and group F (uninfected/non-medicated negative control). Except for group F, all groups were orally inoculated with 75,000 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella. The effects of the extract on E. tenella infection were evaluated by severity of bloody diarrhea, body weight (BW) gain, oocyst output, and lesion score. No bird in the treated groups died of coccidiosis, and severity of bloody diarrhea was milder than in the positive control group. BW gains in the treated groups were significantly higher than in group E (p < 0.05). The lesion scores of the treated groups were significantly lower than that of group E. Oocyst output in groups A, B, and C were 11.23, 8.24, and 6.82 × 106, respectively. As compared with the negative control group (12.84 × 106), the reductions in oocyst production were 12.54, 35.83, and 46.88%, respectively. Oocyst output significantly reduced with an increase in Aloe dosage. The findings of this study suggest that Aloe secundiflora extract presents an alternative anticoccidial agent for the control of avian coccidiosis.
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Karamoddini MK, Emami SA, Ghannad MS, Sani EA, Sahebkar A. Antiviral activities of aerial subsets of Artemisia species against Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) in vitro. ASIAN BIOMED 2017. [DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0501.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Drug resistance to current anti-herpetic drugs has been increasingly reported. Therefore, there is a need for finding new antiviral agents, in particular from natural sources.
Objective: In the present study, antiviral activity of subset extracts obtained from aerial parts of Artemisia including A. incana, A. chamaemelifolia, A. campesteris, A. fragrans, A. annua, A. vulgaris, and A. persica were investigated against Herpes Simplex type I (HSV1).
Methods: Different concentrations of extracts (400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125 μg/mL) were obtained from subset of each plant separately, and used against KOS strain of HSV1 in HeLa cells. After 24 hours incubation, tetrazolium dye (MTT), was added. The dye absorption by viable cells was measured and compared to the positive control (extract-untreated cells) and acyclovir (as anti-viral agent).
Results: The extracts obtained from A. annua had the highest antiviral activity while those of A. chamaemelifolia showed the lowest activity.
Conclusion: Subset extracts of A. annua may be an appropriate candidate for further development of anti HSV1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91775-1365, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Masoud Sabouri Ghannad
- Department of Microbiology, Medical school, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 65178-3-8736, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Esmaeel Alizadeh Sani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91775-1365, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91775-1365, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
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Herbal Remedies for Coccidiosis Control: A Review of Plants, Compounds, and Anticoccidial Actions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2657981. [PMID: 27429634 PMCID: PMC4939967 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2657981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is the bane of the poultry industry causing considerable economic loss. Eimeria species are known as protozoan parasites to cause morbidity and death in poultry. In addition to anticoccidial chemicals and vaccines, natural products are emerging as an alternative and complementary way to control avian coccidiosis. In this review, we update recent advances in the use of anticoccidial phytoextracts and phytocompounds, which cover 32 plants and 40 phytocompounds, following a database search in PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Four plant products commercially available for coccidiosis are included and discussed. We also highlight the chemical and biological properties of the plants and compounds as related to coccidiosis control. Emphasis is placed on the modes of action of the anticoccidial plants and compounds such as interference with the life cycle of Eimeria, regulation of host immunity to Eimeria, growth regulation of gut bacteria, and/or multiple mechanisms. Biological actions, mechanisms, and prophylactic/therapeutic potential of the compounds and extracts of plant origin in coccidiosis are summarized and discussed.
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Haq IUI, Pasha TN, Khalique A. Comparative efficacy of herbal and allopathy drugs against coccidiosis in poultry. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2011.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cervantes-Valencia ME, Alcala-Canto Y, Salem AZ, Kholif AE, Ducoing-Watty AM, Bernad-Bernad MJ, Gutiérrez-Olvera C. Influence of Curcumin (Curcuma Longa) as a Natural Anticoccidial Alternative in Adult Rabbits: First Results. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Cervantes-Valencia
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yazmin Alcala-Canto
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Abdelfattah Z.M. Salem
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinariay Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ahmed E. Kholif
- Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | - Carlos Gutiérrez-Olvera
- Departamento de Nutrición Animaly Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Duan X, Li F, Mou S, Feng J, Liu P, Xu L. Effects of dietary L-arginine on laying performance and anti-oxidant capacity of broiler breeder hens, eggs, and offspring during the late laying period. Poult Sci 2015; 94:2938-43. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Lee JY, Kang SK, Heo YJ, Shin DW, Park TE, Han GG, Jin GD, Lee HB, Jung E, Kim HS, Na Y, Kim EB, Choi YJ. Influence of Flaxseed Oil on Fecal Microbiota, Egg Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Egg Yolks in Laying Hens. Curr Microbiol 2015; 72:259-66. [PMID: 26613617 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-015-0946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although there have been many attempts to produce ω-3 fatty acid-rich eggs using alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) that is a popular fatty acid in the poultry feed industry, only limited knowledge about the effects of ALA-enriched diets on chicken fecal microbiota is currently available. Herein we examined the changes in the fecal microbiota composition, egg quality traits and fatty acid composition of the egg yolks of laying hens fed ALA-rich flaxseed oil for 8 weeks. The animals fed the experimental diets that contained 0 % (group C), 0.5 % (group T1), and 1.0 % (group T2) of flaxseed oil, respectively, and eggs and feces were obtained for the analyses. ω-3 fatty acids, including ALA, were increased in T1 and T2 compared with C. Furthermore, the freshness of eggs was improved with no side effects on the eggs. The diet also changed the fecal microbiota; Firmicutes was increased in T1 and T2 (48.6 to 83 and 79.6 %) and Bacteroidetes was decreased (40.2 to 8.8 and 4.2 %). Principal coordinate analysis revealed that Lactobacillus, among the 56 examined genera, was the most influenced bacterial group in terms of the fecal microbial community shifts. These results indicate that ALA-rich diets influenced both the egg and fecal microbiota in beneficial manners in laying hens although the association between the fatty acid composition of the egg yolk and the fecal microbiota was not clear. This study is a first step to understand the effect of flaxseed oil as well as intestinal microbiota of laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yeong Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Heo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Woon Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Goo Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi-Deuk Jin
- Department of Animal Life Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Bin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eojin Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Sung Kim
- SeoulFeed Company, Limited, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerim Na
- SPC Research Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Life Science, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Natural resin acid –enriched composition as a modulator of intestinal microbiota and performance enhancer in broiler chicken. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2015. [DOI: 10.1017/jan.2014.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SummaryResin acids extracted from coniferous trees are known for their antimicrobial and antifungal effects. This trial investigated the effect of a natural resin acid-enriched composition (RAC) on the gastrointestinal microbiota and productive performance of broiler chicken. The results demonstrated that at or above 5 mg/l, RAC prevented the growth of a pure culture ofClostridium perfringens, a causative agent of necrotic enteritis in poultry. Next, the effects of RAC on the microbial community were studied in a fermentation model with both the microbial inoculum and substrate for the microbes isolated from the ileum of broiler chickens. RAC was included at 0, 0.1 and 1 g/kg digesta, and supplementation decreased the relative proportion of lactic acid and increased that of acetic acid produced during the fermentation in a dose-dependent manner. At 1 g/kg inclusion, RAC decreased the density of lactobacilli. The final part of the experiment investigated the influence of RAC on the performance and intestinal microbiota of necrotic enteritis (NE)-challenged broiler chickens. A wheat and soy -based diet was supplemented with RAC at 0, 0.5, 1 and 3 g/kg. The chickens were challenged withEimeria maximaoocysts on day 11, and a pure culture ofC. perfringenson day 14. On day 17, the final day of the trial, RAC inclusion at 1 and 3 g/kg of feed significantly increased body weight. At 3 g/kg RAC numerically decreased the daily mortality seen during the challenge period. In the ileum, RAC at 1 g/kg reduced the NE-associated peak of microbial lactic acid production. Overall, the data suggested that the dietary ingredient RAC has the potential to act as a performance-enhancer and microbial modulator in broiler chickens.
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Control of avian coccidiosis: future and present natural alternatives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:430610. [PMID: 25785269 PMCID: PMC4346696 DOI: 10.1155/2015/430610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Numerous efforts to date have been implemented in the control of avian coccidiosis caused by the Eimeria parasite. Since the appearance of anticoccidial chemical compounds, the search for new alternatives continues. Today, no product is available to cope with the disease; however, the number of products commercially available is constantly increasing. In this review, we focus on natural products and their anticoccidial activity. This group comprises fatty acids, antioxidants, fungal and herbal extracts, and immune response modulators with proven anticoccidial activity, many of which exist as dietary supplements. Additionally, we offer an overview of the poultry industry and the economic cost of coccidiosis as well as the classical strategies used to control the disease.
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Yang W, Tien Y, Chung C, Chen Y, Chiou W, Hsu S, Liu H, Liang C, Chang C. Effect of Bidens pilosa on infection and drug resistance of Eimeria in chickens. Res Vet Sci 2015; 98:74-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Oxidative stress control by apicomplexan parasites. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:351289. [PMID: 25722976 PMCID: PMC4324108 DOI: 10.1155/2015/351289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites cause infectious diseases that are either a severe public health problem or an economic burden. In this paper we will shed light on how oxidative stress can influence the host-pathogen relationship by focusing on three major diseases: babesiosis, coccidiosis, and toxoplasmosis.
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Bozkurt M, Giannenas I, Küçükyilmaz K, Christaki E, Florou-Paneri P. An update on approaches to controlling coccidia in poultry using botanical extracts. Br Poult Sci 2014; 54:713-27. [PMID: 24397508 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.849795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
1. This paper reviews the use of botanical extracts in the control of coccidial infection in poultry. 2. Some plants and their respective volatile oils and extracts have the potential to alleviate coccidiosis and reduce its severity. 3. Most plant bioactives improve some, but not all, aspects of coccidiosis with variable effectiveness against different species of Eimeria. 4. Difficulties in comparing research findings have arisen from the use of different experimental models, different active components and infectious dose of Eimeria. 5. Current knowledge of their potential anti-coccidial effects may provide guidance for the use of botanical extracts in the control of the coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bozkurt
- a Poultry Research Institute , Erbeyli , Aydın , Turkey
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Pirali Kheirabadi K, Kaboutari Katadj J, Bahadoran S, Teixeira da Silva JA, Dehghani Samani A, Cheraghchi Bashi M. Comparison of the anticoccidial effect of granulated extract of Artemisia sieberi with monensin in experimental coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Exp Parasitol 2014; 141:129-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Drăgan L, Györke A, Ferreira JFS, Pop IA, Dunca I, Drăgan M, Mircean V, Dan I, Cozma V. Effects of Artemisia annua and Foeniculum vulgare on chickens highly infected with Eimeria tenella (phylum Apicomplexa). Acta Vet Scand 2014; 56:22. [PMID: 24731599 PMCID: PMC3998236 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-56-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intensive poultry production systems depend on chemoprophylaxis with anticoccidial drugs to combat infection. A floor-pen study was conducted to evaluate the anticoccidial effect of Artemisia annua and Foeniculum vulgare on Eimeria tenella infection. Five experimental groups were established: negative control (untreated, unchallenged); positive control (untreated, challenged); a group medicated with 125 ppm lasalocid and challenged; a group medicated with A. annua leaf powder at 1.5% in feed and challenged; and a group treated with the mixed oils of A. annua and Foeniculum vulgare in equal parts, 7.5% in water and challenged. The effects of A. annua and oil extract of A. annua + F. vulgare on E. tenella infection were assessed by clinical signs, mortality, fecal oocyst output, faeces, lesion score, weight gain, and feed conversion. Results Clinical signs were noticed only in three chickens from the lasalocid group, six from the A. annua group, and nine from the A. annua + F. vulgare group, but were present in 19 infected chickens from the positive control group. Bloody diarrhea was registered in only two chickens from A. annua group, but in 17 chickens from the positive control group. Mortality also occurred in the positive control group (7/20). Chickens treated with A. annua had a significant reduction in faecal oocysts (95.6%; P = 0.027) and in lesion score (56.3%; P = 0.005) when compared to the positive control. At the end of experiment, chickens treated with A. annua leaf powder had the highest body weight gain (68.2 g/day), after the negative control group, and the best feed conversion (1.85) among all experimental groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that A. annua leaf powder (Aa-p), at 1.5% of the daily diet post-infection, can be a valuable alternative for synthetic coccidiostats, such as lasalocid.
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Abstract
This article describes some of the milestones in research concerned with protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria that infect birds and cause the disease coccidiosis. The time period covered is from 1891, when oocysts were first found in the ceca of diseased chickens, to the present. Progress in our understanding has lagged behind that of other protozoan parasites such as Toxoplasma and Plasmodium despite the enormous importance of Eimeria to animal livestock production. Nevertheless, applied research by universities, government agencies, and private industry has resulted in the successful development of methods of control, research that continues today. The topics covered and the references provided are selective and include life cycles and biology, pathology, ultrastructure, biochemistry, immunity, genetics, host cell invasion, species identification, taxonomy, chemotherapy, vaccination, and literature concerned with avian coccidiosis. This review is primarily concerned with the avian species of Eimeria that infect poultry, but some important advances, principally in immunology, have been made using species that infect rodents and rabbits. These are included where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D Chapman
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
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