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Park SM, Oh YH, Lim GH, Yun GH, Kim KB, An JH, Seo KW, Youn HY. Deferoxamine preconditioning of canine stem cell derived extracellular vesicles alleviates inflammation in an EAE mouse model through STAT3 regulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19273. [PMID: 39164295 PMCID: PMC11335858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68853-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), specifically those preconditioned with deferoxamine (DFO) in canine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (cAT-MSCs), were explored for treating autoimmune diseases. This study assessed the effects of DFO-preconditioned EVs (EVDFO) in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model. cAT-MSCs were treated with DFO for 48 h, after which EVs were isolated. EAE mice received intranasal EV or EVDFO treatments and were euthanized following histopathologic analysis; RNA and protein expression levels were measured. Histologically, EV and EVDFO groups showed a significant reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination. Immunofluorescence revealed increased CD206 and Foxp3 expression, indicating elevated M2 macrophages and regulatory T (Treg) cells, particularly in the EVDFO group. Treg cells also notably increased in the spleen of EVDFO -treated mice. STAT3 and pSTAT3 proteins were upregulated in the EAE groups compared to the naïve group. However, following EV treatment, STAT3 expression decreased compared to the EAE group, whereas pSTAT3 expression was similar in both the EV and EAE groups. In conclusion, EVDFO treatment resulted in reduced STAT3 expression, suggesting its role in T cell regulation and the potential of EVDFO in modulating the STAT3 pathway for reducing inflammation more effectively than non-preconditioned EVs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
- Extracellular Vesicles/transplantation
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Mice
- Dogs
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Deferoxamine/pharmacology
- Deferoxamine/therapeutic use
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Female
- Disease Models, Animal
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Min Park
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hun Oh
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Hyun Lim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Hee Yun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bo Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun An
- Department of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Won Seo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Youn
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Pertiwi KR, Teunissen MBM, Krebbers G, Willems MC, Huisman L, Poelen C, van der Wal AC, de Boer OJ. Enrichment of type 1 innate lymphoid cells in the course of human atherosclerotic plaque development suggests contribution to atherogenesis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1354617. [PMID: 38638438 PMCID: PMC11024276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1354617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been implicated in multiple pathologic conditions, including atherogenesis, as documented in experimental mice studies, however, their role in atherosclerosis in humans remains unexplored. Methods Here, we identify ILCs and their dynamics in early, advanced, and complicated human carotid- and aortic atherosclerotic plaques, using a multiplex immunohistochemical quadruple-staining technique with prototypic transcription factors T-bet, GATA3, or RORgt for identification of the ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 subsets, respectively, in combination with lineage markers CD3, CD20/ CD79a and CD56 to exclude other lymphoid cell types. ILC subsets were quantified, and to put this in perspective, their numbers were expressed as percentage of the total number of infiltrated lymphoid cells and related to the frequency of conventional T cells, B cells, NK cells, and NKT cells. Results All ILC subsets were present in every different stage of atherogenesis. ILC1s were the most abundant ILC subset, and their numbers significantly increased in the course of plaque development, but paradoxically, their relative frequency was reduced because of a higher increment of T cells and B cells. The numbers of ILC2s and ILC3s also gradually increased, but this trend did not achieve significance. T cell subsets always significantly outnumbered their ILC counterparts, except for the early lesions where the proportion of ILC1s was markedly higher, albeit not significant. Discussion The high abundance of ILC1s in the early stages and further significant enrichment in later stages, suggest they may participate in the initiation and development of atherogenesis, and thus, may represent a novel target to prevent or treat atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartika R. Pertiwi
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Medicine and Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marcel B. M. Teunissen
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gabrielle Krebbers
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martine C.M. Willems
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Flevoziekenhuis, Almere, Netherlands
| | - Laurens Huisman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Flevoziekenhuis, Almere, Netherlands
| | - Cindy Poelen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Allard C. van der Wal
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Onno J. de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Sagar RC, Ajjan RA, Naseem KM. Non-Traditional Pathways for Platelet Pathophysiology in Diabetes: Implications for Future Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094973. [PMID: 35563363 PMCID: PMC9104718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes, driven by interlinked metabolic, inflammatory, and thrombotic changes. Hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance/deficiency, dyslipidaemia, and associated oxidative stress have been linked to abnormal platelet function leading to hyperactivity, and thus increasing vascular thrombotic risk. However, emerging evidence suggests platelets also contribute to low-grade inflammation and additionally possess the ability to interact with circulating immune cells, further driving vascular thrombo-inflammatory pathways. This narrative review highlights the role of platelets in inflammatory and immune processes beyond typical thrombotic effects and the impact these mechanisms have on cardiovascular disease in diabetes. We discuss pathways for platelet-induced inflammation and how platelet reprogramming in diabetes contributes to the high cardiovascular risk that characterises this population. Fully understanding the mechanistic pathways for platelet-induced vascular pathology will allow for the development of more effective management strategies that deal with the causes rather than the consequences of platelet function abnormalities in diabetes.
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Wang J, Jiang D, Zheng X, Li W, Zhao T, Wang D, Yu H, Sun D, Li Z, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Hou L, Jiang G, Fei K, Zhang F, Yang K, Zhang P. Tertiary lymphoid structure and decreased CD8+ T cell infiltration in minimally invasive adenocarcinoma. iScience 2022; 25:103883. [PMID: 35243243 PMCID: PMC8873609 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in patients with early lung cancer, especially in comparison with the matched adjacent tissues, remains lacking. To characterize TME of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, we performed RNA-seq profiling on 58 pairs of minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) tumors and matched adjacent normal tissues. MIA tumors exhibited an adaptive TME characterized by high CD4+ T cell infiltration, high B-cell activation, and low CD8+ T cell infiltration. The high expression of markers for B cells, activated CD4+ T cells, and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells in bulk MIA samples and three independent single-cell RNA-seq datasets implied tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) formation. Multiplex immunohistochemistry staining validated TLS formation and revealed an enrichment of follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr) in TLS follicles, which may explain the lower CD8+ T cell infiltration and attenuated anti-tumor immunity in MIA. Our study demonstrates how integrating transcriptome and pathology characterize TME and elucidate potential mechanisms of tumor immune evasion. Higher infiltration and activation of B and CD4+ T cell characterize MIA tumors MIA tumors are infiltrated with lower CD8+ T cells than normal tissues TLS constituted by B, CD4+ T cells, and CD35+ FDC is validated in MIA tumors Decreased CD8+ T is associated with Tfr-mediated immunosuppression in MIA tumor
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongbo Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Air-Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zheng
- Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Wang
- Tissue Bank, Department of Pathology, Experimental Animal Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huansha Yu
- Tissue Bank, Department of Pathology, Experimental Animal Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongqing Sun
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Likun Hou
- Tissue Bank, Department of Pathology, Experimental Animal Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gening Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Fei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Air-Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author
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Li Y, Tang K, Zhang X, Pan W, Li N, Tang B. A dendritic cell-like biomimetic nanoparticle enhances T cell activation for breast cancer immunotherapy. Chem Sci 2021; 13:105-110. [PMID: 35059157 PMCID: PMC8694320 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03525h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has remarkably improved the therapeutic effect of melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer in the clinic. Nevertheless, it showed disappointing clinical outcomes for treating immunosuppressive tumors, wherein aggressive T cells are rather limited in tumor sites. Therefore, regulating the behavior of T cells in tumor sites to increase their attack ability for suppressing the immunosuppressive tumor is highly desirable. Inspiringly, we designed a dendritic cell-like biomimetic nanoparticle (DMSNs3@HA) to regulate the behavior of T cells for improving the immunotherapy effect against immunosuppressive tumors. In this work, anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 were responsible for mimicking dendritic cells to activate T cells, and anti-PD-1 for blocking the pathway of PD-1/PD-L1 to break the immune “brake”, which synergistically regulated the behavior of T cells to attack cancer cells. Experimental results indicated that DMSNs3@HA can effectively activate T cells and improve their immune response to significantly inhibit the growth of breast cancer. Moreover, it also proved that T cell activation combining immune checkpoint blocking induced the “1 + 1 >2” immunotherapy effect against immunosuppressive tumors. We expect that this strategy will provide new insights into tumor immunotherapy by modulating T cell behavior. A dendritic cell-like biomimetic nanoparticle has been designed to regulate the behavior of T cells for improving the immunotherapy effect against immunosuppressive tumors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Kun Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
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Shen S, Li H, Ge S, Huang H, Zhang H, Li F, Feng Y, Wang L, Weng X, Lu Y, Shen Z. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for the detection of inflammatory lesions of the arterial vessel walls in Wistar rats. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:370. [PMID: 33732343 PMCID: PMC7903450 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) for detection of high-fat and high-salt diet-induced inflammatory lesions of the arterial vessel walls in Wistar rats. A total of 20 healthy, 8-week-old, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the high-fat diet group and the normal diet group. After 16 and 24 weeks of feeding, Wistar rats in the normal diet group and the high-fat diet group (five rats in each group) were injected with 18F-FDG through the tail vein at a dose of 1 mCi/kg after fasting for 12 h. After 1 h, the rats were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane, followed by micro-PET imaging with a 10-min image capture duration and immunohistochemical staining. The standardized uptake values (SUVs) of 18F-FDG were significantly higher in the iliac artery in the high-fat diet group compared with those in the normal diet group at 16 weeks (1.53±0.08 vs. 1.04±0.03; P<0.05) and at 24 weeks (1.96±0.17 vs. 1.12±0.07; P<0.05). The SUVs of 18F-FDG were also significantly greater in the abdominal aorta in the high-fat diet group compared with those in the normal diet group at 16 weeks (1.35±0.08 vs. 1.02±0.02; P<0.05) and at 24 weeks (1.54±0.09 vs. 1.04±0.02; P<0.05). In addition, the SUVs of 18F-FDG in the iliac artery and abdominal aorta were significantly higher at 24 weeks compared with those at 16 weeks in the high-fat diet group (P<0.05). As determined by immunohistochemistry, the percentage of CD68-positive cells in the total number of cells per unit area in each group was 3.20±1.80% in the 24-week normal diet group, 4.70±2.02% in the 16-week high-fat diet group and 6.94±2.02% in the 24-week high-fat diet group; the percentage of CD68-positive cells in the high-fat diet group at 24 weeks was significantly higher than that in the high-fat diet group at 16 weeks and in the normal diet group at 24 weeks (P<0.05). In conclusion, 18F-FDG PET is a noninvasive imaging tool that can continuously monitor inflammatory lesions of the arterial vessel walls in Wistar rats. Further improvement of the Wistar rat atherosclerosis model may provide data to support the early assessment of and intervention in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Health Assessment and Intervention, Jiangsu Provincial Taihu Sanatorium, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214086, P.R. China
| | - Song Ge
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Huang
- Micro PET Center, Jiangsu Institution of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Internal Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Health Assessment and Intervention, Jiangsu Provincial Taihu Sanatorium, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214086, P.R. China
| | - Yinbo Feng
- Department of Radiology, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Health Assessment and Intervention, Jiangsu Provincial Taihu Sanatorium, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214086, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Internal Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Health Assessment and Intervention, Jiangsu Provincial Taihu Sanatorium, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214086, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Weng
- Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Health Assessment and Intervention, Jiangsu Provincial Taihu Sanatorium, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214086, P.R. China
| | - Yun Lu
- Internal Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Health Assessment and Intervention, Jiangsu Provincial Taihu Sanatorium, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214086, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhai Shen
- Internal Medicine, Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Health Assessment and Intervention, Jiangsu Provincial Taihu Sanatorium, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214086, P.R. China
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Marchini T, Hansen S, Wolf D. ApoB-Specific CD4 + T Cells in Mouse and Human Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:446. [PMID: 33669769 PMCID: PMC7922692 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the arterial wall that leads to the formation of vessel-occluding plaques within the subintimal space of middle-sized and larger arteries. While traditionally understood as a myeloid-driven lipid-storage disease, growing evidence suggests that the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ignites an autoimmune response with CD4+ T-helper (TH) cells that recognize self-peptides from Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), the core protein of LDL-C. These autoreactive CD4+ T cells home to the atherosclerotic plaque, clonally expand, instruct other cells in the plaque, and induce clinical plaque instability. Recent developments in detecting antigen-specific cells at the single cell level have demonstrated that ApoB-reactive CD4+ T cells exist in humans and mice. Their phenotypes and functions deviate from classical immunological concepts of distinct and terminally differentiated TH immunity. Instead, ApoB-specific CD4+ T cells have a highly plastic phenotype, can acquire several, partially opposing and mixed transcriptional programs simultaneously, and transit from one TH subset into another over time. In this review, we highlight adaptive immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis with a focus on CD4+ T cells, introduce novel technologies to detect ApoB-specific CD4+ T cells at the single cell level, and discuss the potential impact of ApoB-driven autoimmunity in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timoteo Marchini
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetterstraße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (T.M.); (S.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstraße 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Junín 954, C1113 AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sophie Hansen
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetterstraße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (T.M.); (S.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstraße 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetterstraße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (T.M.); (S.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstraße 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Novel human immunomodulatory T cell receptors and their double-edged potential in autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:919-935. [PMID: 33235388 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, approaches based on T cells and their immunomodulatory receptors have emerged as a solid improvement in treatments for various types of cancer. However, the roles of these molecules in the therapeutic context of autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases are still relatively unexplored. Here, we review the best known and most commonly used immunomodulatory T cell receptors in clinical practice (PD-1 and CTLA-4), along with the rest of the receptors with known functions in animal models, which have great potential as modulators in human pathologies in the medium term. Among these other receptors is the receptor CD69, which has recently been described to be expressed in mouse and human T cells in autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. However, inhibition of these receptors individually or in combination by drugs or monoclonal antibodies generates a loss of immunological tolerance and can trigger multiple autoimmune disorders in different organs and immune-related adverse effects. In the coming decades, knowledge on the functions of different immunomodulatory receptors will be pivotal for the development of new and better therapies with less harmful side effects. In this review, we discuss the roles of these receptors in the control of immunity from a perspective focused on therapeutic potential in not only cancer but also autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, and cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, and myocarditis.
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Zhang T, Sun J, Cheng J, Yin W, Li J, Miller H, Herrada AA, Gu H, Song H, Chen Y, Gong Q, Liu C. The role of ubiquitinase in B cell development and function. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:395-405. [PMID: 32816356 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0720-185rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitinases are a select group of enzymes that modify target proteins through ubiquitination, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of protein degradation, location, and function. B lymphocytes that originated from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), exert humoral immune functions by differentiating into plasma cells and producing antibodies. Previous studies have shown that ubiquitination is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and signal transduction important for B lymphocyte development and function. In this review, how ubiquitinases regulate B cell development, activation, apoptosis, and proliferation is discussed, which could help in understanding the physiological processes and diseases related to B cells and also provides potential new targets for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianxuan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Department of hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of hematology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Department of Intracellular Pathogens, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrés A Herrada
- Lymphatic and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Heng Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Lee EM, Lee J, Kim Y, Yi KS, Cho J, Kim J, An JM, Lee D, Kim SJ, An E, Hong YJ, Jo H, Lee SH, Jung Y, Choi CH, Kang JS, Hur J, Kim D. Hybrid Composite of Silver Nanoparticle-Porous Silicon Microparticles as an Image-Guided Localization Agent for Computed Tomography Scan of the Lungs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4390-4396. [PMID: 33455188 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A hybrid composite of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and porous silicon microparticles (pSiMPs) was developed and applied for the computed tomography (CT) scanning of the lungs as an image-guided localization agent. We confirmed the grafting of AgNPs on oxidized pSiMPs template using various analytical equipment, including a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The hybrid composite showed a high CT contrast intensity (>1000 HU) that enabled us to produce and view images of the lungs. In addition, it showed the ability to maintain a strong CT signal at the injected area of the rabbit's lungs, up to an hour, without spreading. The lack of toxicity and immune response indicated that the composite could be fully utilized as a new image-guided localization agent of CT scans for lung cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kyung Sik Yi
- Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University, Hospital, and Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Janggeun Cho
- Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University, Hospital, and Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chi-Hoon Choi
- Department of Radiology, Chungbuk National University, Hospital, and Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju-si 28644, Republic of Korea
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11
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Hassan W, Behiry E, Mahgoub M. Urinary soluble alpha chain of the interleukin-2 receptor as a biomarker of active lupus nephritis in Egyptian children with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Arch Rheumatol 2020; 36:47-55. [PMID: 34046568 PMCID: PMC8140875 DOI: 10.46497/archrheumatol.2021.8001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
This study aims to assess the urinary soluble alpha chain of the interleukin-2 receptor (sCD25) concentrations in patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) and to evaluate its validity to be a possible marker of disease activity in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Patients and methods
We assessed sCD25 concentrations in urine samples obtained from 53 JSLE patients (15 males, 38 females; median age 11 years; range, 7 to 17 years) and 30 age- and sex-matched apparently healthy controls (10 males, 20 females; median age 10 years; range, 6 to 16 years). Concentrations were normalized according to urinary creatinine excretion. JSLE patients were subjected to clinical examination and assessment of overall disease activity by Systemic Lupus Erythematous Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), while evaluation of LN activity was preformed using Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) renal activity score. Results
The JSLE patients had significantly higher normalized urinary sCD25 concentrations compared to the healthy controls (p=0.001). Patients with active LN had significantly higher normalized urinary sCD25 levels than active JSLE patients without LN (p=0.002) and JSLE patients with inactive disease (p<0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between normalized urinary sCD25 concentrations with different activity parameters such as proteinuria (p=0.004), SLEDAI (p<0.001), renal SLEDAI (p<0.001), and SLICC renal activity score (p<0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between urinary sCD25 and complement 3 (p<0.001). Conclusion Urinary concentrations of sCD25 were significantly elevated in JSLE patients, particularly in those with active LN. The remarkable association between urinary sCD25 concentrations and different renal disease activity parameters implies that urinary sCD25 can be a beneficial marker to monitor active nephritis in JSLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Hassan
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Benha University, Faculty of Medicine, Benha, Egypt
| | - Eman Behiry
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Benha University, Faculty of Medicine, Benha, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mahgoub
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Benha University, Faculty of Medicine, Benha, Egypt
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12
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Nyambuya TM, Dludla PV, Mxinwa V, Mokgalaboni K, Ngcobo SR, Tiano L, Nkambule BB. The impact of metformin and aspirin on T-cell mediated inflammation: A systematic review of in vitro and in vivo findings. Life Sci 2020; 255:117854. [PMID: 32470453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and hyperglycaemia are well-established aspects in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), including the progression of its associated complications such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In fact, emerging evidence shows that dysfunctional immune responses due to dysregulated T-cell function aggravates CVD-related complications in T2D. However, there is a lack of specific therapeutic interventions that protect patients with diabetes who are at risk of heart failure. Metformin and aspirin are among the leading therapies being used to protect or at the very least slow the progression of CVD-related complications. The current review made use of major electronic databases to identify and systematically synthesise emerging experimental data on the impact of these pharmacological drugs on T-cell responses. The quality and risk of bias of include evidence were independently assessed by two reviewers. Overwhelming evidence showed that both metformin and aspirin can ameliorate T-cell mediated inflammation by inducing regulatory T-cells (Tregs) polarisation, inhibiting T-cell trafficking and activation as well as signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signalling. As a plausible mechanism to mediate T-cell function, metformin showed enhanced potential to regulate mechanistic targets of rapamycin (mTOR), STAT5 and adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signalling pathways. Whilst aspirin modulated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-kB) and co-stimulatory signalling pathways and induced T-cell anergy. Overall, synthesised data prompt further investigation into the combinational effect of metformin and aspirin for the management of T2D-related cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Maurice Nyambuya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.
| | - Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Kabelo Mokgalaboni
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Siphamandla Raphael Ngcobo
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Bongani Brian Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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Lee HY, Register A, Shim J, Contreras E, Wu Q, Jiang G. Characterization of a single reporter-gene potency assay for T-cell-dependent bispecific molecules. MAbs 2019; 11:1245-1253. [PMID: 31348721 PMCID: PMC6748617 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1640548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell-dependent bispecific antibodies (TDBs) are promising cancer immunotherapies that recruit patients' T cells to kill cancer cells. There are many TDBs in clinical trials, demonstrating their widely recognized therapeutic potential. However, their complex, multi-step mechanism of action (MoA), which includes bispecific antigen binding, T-cell activation, and target-cell killing, presents unique challenges for biological characterization and potency assay selection. Here, we describe the development of a single reporter-gene potency assay for a TDB (TDB1) that is MoA reflective and sensitive to binding of both antigens. Our reporter-gene assay measures T-cell activation using Jurkat cells engineered to express luciferase under the control of an NFkB response element. The potencies of select samples were measured both by this assay and by a flow-cytometry-based cell-killing assay using human lymphocytes as effector cells. Correlating the two sets of potency results clearly establishes our reporter-gene assay as MoA reflective. Furthermore, correlating potencies for the same panel of samples against binding data measured by binding assays for each individual arm demonstrates that the reporter-gene potency assay reflects dual-antigen binding and can detect changes in affinity for either arm. This work demonstrates that one reporter-gene assay can be used to measure the potency of TDB1 while capturing key aspects of its MoA, thus serving as a useful case study of selection and justification of reporter-gene potency assays for TDBs. Furthermore, our strategy of correlating reporter-gene potency, target-cell killing, and antigen binding for each individual arm serves as a useful example of a thorough, holistic approach to biological characterization for TDBs that can be applied to other bispecific molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Lee
- Biological Technologies, Department of Analytical Development and Quality Control, Genentech, A member of the Roche group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ames Register
- Biological Technologies, Department of Analytical Development and Quality Control, Genentech, A member of the Roche group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeongsup Shim
- Biological Technologies, Department of Analytical Development and Quality Control, Genentech, A member of the Roche group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edward Contreras
- Biological Technologies, Department of Analytical Development and Quality Control, Genentech, A member of the Roche group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- Biological Technologies, Department of Analytical Development and Quality Control, Genentech, A member of the Roche group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guoying Jiang
- Biological Technologies, Department of Analytical Development and Quality Control, Genentech, A member of the Roche group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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Xu MM, Murphy PA, Vella AT. Activated T-effector seeds: cultivating atherosclerotic plaque through alternative activation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1354-H1365. [PMID: 30925075 PMCID: PMC6620674 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00148.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory pathology that precipitates substantial morbidity and mortality. Although initiated by physiological patterns of low and disturbed flow that differentially prime endothelial cells at sites of vessel branch points and curvature, the chronic, smoldering inflammation of atherosclerosis is accelerated by comorbidities involving inappropriate activation of the adaptive immune system, such as autoimmunity. The innate contributions to atherosclerosis, especially in the transition of monocyte to lipid-laden macrophage, are well established, but the mechanisms underpinning the infiltration, persistence, and effector dynamics of CD8 T cells in particular are not well understood. Adaptive immunity is centered on a classical cascade of antigen recognition and activation, costimulation, and effector cytokine secretion upon recall of antigen. However, chronic inflammation can generate alternative cues that supplant this behavior pattern and promote the retention and activation of peripherally activated T cells. Furthermore, the atherogenic foci that activated immune cell infiltrate are unique lipid-laden environments that offer a diverse array of stimuli, including those of survival, antigen hyporesponsiveness, and inflammatory cytokine expression. This review will focus on how known cardiovascular comorbidities may be influencing CD8 T-cell activation and how, once infiltrated within atherogenic foci, these T cells face a multitude of cues that skew the classical cascade of T-cell behavior, highlighting alternative modes of activation that may help contextualize associations of autoimmunity, viral infection, and immunotherapy with cardiovascular morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Patrick A Murphy
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health School of Medicine , Farmington, Connecticut
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15
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Peripheral T cell receptor beta immune repertoire is promptly reconstituted after acute myocardial infarction. J Transl Med 2019; 17:40. [PMID: 30728066 PMCID: PMC6366076 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is characterized by an inflammatory process in which T cell plays a key role. However, the profile of immune microenvironment in AMI is still uncertain. High-throughput sequencing of T cell receptor (TCR) provides deep insight into monitoring the immune microenvironment. METHODS 30 patients with AMI were enrolled and 30 healthy individuals were recruited as controls. Flow cytometer were used to analyze the distribution of αβ T cells and their CD69 expression from peripheral leukomonocytes. TCRβ repertoire library was amplified by two-round multiplex PCR and detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS The percentage of αβ T cells in AMI patients were significantly restricted than those in healthy controls, while the highly activated αβ T cells along with distinguishing usage of variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) gene segments were also found in AMI patients. In addition, AMI induced a significantly restricted CDR3 amino acid (AA) diversity and remarkably reconstituted TCR immune repertoires. Finally, we identified several AMI-associated tendency of CDR3 AAs expression after AMI. CONCLUSIONS Our work suggests that the aberrant αβ T cells distribution and activation may associated with the pathogenesis of AMI and demonstrates a reconstitution of TCRβ immune repertoire after AMI.
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16
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Podolec J, Niewiara L, Skiba D, Siedlinski M, Baran J, Komar M, Guzik B, Kablak-Ziembicka A, Kopec G, Guzik T, Bartus K, Plazak W, Zmudka K. Higher levels of circulating naïve CD8 +CD45RA + cells are associated with lower extent of coronary atherosclerosis and vascular dysfunction. Int J Cardiol 2018; 259:26-30. [PMID: 29579606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Podolec
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Lukasz Niewiara
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominik Skiba
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland; British Heart Foundation Centre for Excellence, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mateusz Siedlinski
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland
| | - Jakub Baran
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Komar
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Guzik
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kablak-Ziembicka
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kopec
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland; British Heart Foundation Centre for Excellence, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Krzysztof Bartus
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Plazak
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zmudka
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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17
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In vivo neutralization of the protagonist role of macrophages during the chronic inflammatory stage of Huntington's disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11447. [PMID: 30061661 PMCID: PMC6065433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, characterised by the progressive and selective neuronal death in the central nervous system, are frequently accompanied by an activated immune system. In Huntington’s disease (HD), clinical and animal studies show evidence of immune activity, along with hyper-reactive monocyte/macrophage responses, while application of immunosuppressive regimens have imparted beneficial effects to HD mice. These findings suggest a contributory role of the immune system in HD pathology, with immune-based interventions offering a potential therapeutic strategy. Herein, we show that peripheral and CNS immune system activity increased with disease progression in HD mouse models and defined the phenotype of the immune response. Additionally, the depletion of monocytes and macrophages in vivo, via clodronate liposome treatment, revealed a major contributory role of these innate immune cells to the chronic inflammatory milieu observed during the course of the disease. This suggests that peripheral immunomodulatory strategies targeting monocytes and macrophages could be relevant for HD.
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18
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Singh MK, Jamal F, Dubey AK, Shivam P, Kumari S, Pushpanjali, Bordoloi C, Narayan S, Das VNR, Pandey K, Das P, Singh SK. Visceral leishmaniasis: A novel nuclear envelope protein 'nucleoporins-93 (NUP-93)' from Leishmania donovani prompts macrophage signaling for T-cell activation towards host protective immune response. Cytokine 2018; 113:200-215. [PMID: 30001865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The shift of macrophage and T-cell repertoires towards proinflammatory cytokine signalling ensures the generation of host-protective machinery that is otherwise compromised in cases of the intracellular Leishmania parasite. Different groups have attempted to restore host protective immunity. These vaccine candidates showed good responses and protective effects in murine models, but they generally failed during human trials. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of 97 kDa recombinant nucleoporin-93 of Leishmania donovani (rLd-NUP93) on mononuclear cells in healthy and treated visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients and on THP-1 cell lines. rLd-NUP93 stimulation increased the expression of the early lymphocyte activation marker CD69 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The expression of the host protective pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL-12 and TNF-α was increased, with a corresponding down-regulation of IL-10 and TGF-β upon rLd-NUP93 stimulation. This immune polarization resulted in the up-regulation of NF-κB p50 with scant expression of SMAD-4. Augmenting lymphocyte proliferation upon priming with rLd-NUP93 ensured its potential for activation and generation of strong T-cell mediated immune responses. This stimulation extended the leishmanicidal activity of macrophages by releasing high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further, the leishmanicidal activity of macrophages was intensified by the elevated production of nitric oxide (NO). The fact that this antigen was earlier reported in circulating immune complexes of VL patients highlights its antigenic importance. In addition, in silico analysis suggested the presence of MHC class I and II-restricted epitopes that proficiently trigger CD8+ and CD4+ T-cells, respectively. This study reported that rLd-NUP93 was an effective immunoprophylactic agent that can be explored in future vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Singh
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Fauzia Jamal
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Amit K Dubey
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India
| | - Pushkar Shivam
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Pushpanjali
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Chayanika Bordoloi
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur 844102, India
| | - S Narayan
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - V N R Das
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - K Pandey
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - P Das
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Shubhankar K Singh
- Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India.
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19
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Hu J, Luo T, Xi D, Guo K, Hu L, Zhao J, Chen S, Guo Z. Silencing ZAP70 prevents HSP65-induced reverse cholesterol transport and NF-κB activation in T cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:271-277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Kimura MY, Hayashizaki K, Tokoyoda K, Takamura S, Motohashi S, Nakayama T. Crucial role for CD69 in allergic inflammatory responses: CD69-Myl9 system in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation. Immunol Rev 2018; 278:87-100. [PMID: 28658550 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CD69 has been known as an early activation marker of lymphocytes; whereas, recent studies demonstrate that CD69 also has critical functions in immune responses. Early studies using human samples revealed the involvement of CD69 in various inflammatory diseases including asthma. Moreover, murine disease models using Cd69-/- mice and/or anti-CD69 antibody (Ab) treatment have revealed crucial roles for CD69 in inflammatory responses. However, it had not been clear how the CD69 molecule contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. We recently elucidated a novel mechanism, in which the interaction between CD69 and its ligands, myosin light chain 9, 12a and 12b (Myl9/12) play a critical role in the recruitment of activated T cells into the inflammatory lung. In this review, we first summarize CD69 function based on its structure and then introduce the evidence for the involvement of CD69 in human diseases and murine disease models. Then, we will describe how we discovered CD69 ligands, Myl9 and Myl12, and how the CD69-Myl9 system regulates airway inflammation. Finally, we will discuss possible therapeutic usages of the blocking Ab to the CD69-Myl9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoko Y Kimura
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Hayashizaki
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koji Tokoyoda
- Department of Osteoimmunology, German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shiki Takamura
- Department of Immunology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Motohashi
- Department of Medical Immunology Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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21
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Liptrott NJ, Giardiello M, McDonald TO, Rannard SP, Owen A. Assessment of interactions of efavirenz solid drug nanoparticles with human immunological and haematological systems. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:22. [PMID: 29544545 PMCID: PMC5853089 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent work has developed solid drug nanoparticles (SDNs) of efavirenz that have been demonstrated, preclinically, improved oral bioavailability and the potential to enable up to a 50% dose reduction, and is currently being studied in a healthy volunteer clinical trial. Other SDN formulations are being studied for parenteral administration, either as intramuscular long-acting formulations, or for direct administration intravenously. The interaction of nanoparticles with the immunological and haematological systems can be a major barrier to successful translation but has been understudied for SDN formulations. Here we have conducted a preclinical evaluation of efavirenz SDN to assess their potential interaction with these systems. Platelet aggregation and activation, plasma coagulation, haemolysis, complement activation, T cell functionality and phenotype, monocyte derived macrophage functionality, and NK cell function were assessed in primary healthy volunteer samples treated with either aqueous efavirenz or efavirenz SDN. Results Efavirenz SDNs were shown not to interfere with any of the systems studied in terms of immunostimulation nor immunosuppression. Although efavirenz aqueous solution was shown to cause significant haemolysis ex vivo, efavirenz SDNs did not. No other interaction with haematological systems was observed. Efavirenz SDNs have been demonstrated to be immunologically and haematologically inert in the utilised assays. Conclusions Taken collectively, along with the recent observation that lopinavir SDN formulations did not impact immunological responses, these data indicate that this type of nanoformulation does not elicit immunological consequences seen with other types of nanomaterial. The methodologies presented here provide a framework for pre-emptive preclinical characterisation of nanoparticle safety. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-018-0349-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neill J Liptrott
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Block H, First Floor, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK. .,European Nanomedicine Characterisation Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Marco Giardiello
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tom O McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steve P Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,European Nanomedicine Characterisation Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, 70 Pembroke Place, Block H, First Floor, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK.,European Nanomedicine Characterisation Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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22
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Liptrott NJ, Giardiello M, McDonald TO, Rannard SP, Owen A. Lack of interaction of lopinavir solid drug nanoparticles with cells of the immune system. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2043-2054. [PMID: 28805110 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We previously demonstrated that solid drug nanoparticles (SDNs) lopinavir (LPV) dispersed into aqueous media display favorable pharmacokinetics. METHODS The impact of LPV SDNs on the function and phenotype of primary human T cells and macrophages (primary sites of HIV replication) was investigated. RESULTS LPV significantly increased IL-1β (ninefold higher than untreated cells; p = 0.045) and TNF-α (sixfold higher than untreated cells; p = 0.018) secretion from monocyte-derived macrophages, whereas LPV SDNs did not elicit these responses at comparable drug concentrations. LPV SDNs were demonstrated to be immunologically inert to human T cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. CONCLUSION The LPV SDN was demonstrated to exhibit comparable, or favorable behavior compared with an LPV aqueous solution in the employed biocompatibility assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neill J Liptrott
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,European Nanomedicine Characterisation Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marco Giardiello
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tom O McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven P Rannard
- European Nanomedicine Characterisation Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Chemistry, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,European Nanomedicine Characterisation Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, the University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Park SH, Kim MS, Lim HX, Cho D, Kim TS. IL-33-matured dendritic cells promote Th17 cell responses via IL-1β and IL-6. Cytokine 2017; 99:106-113. [PMID: 28802996 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 is associated with a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Although IL-33 is mainly involved in the induction of Th2 cells, however, the relationship between IL-33 and Th17 cells is still largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of IL-33 on DC-mediated CD4+ T cell activation and Th17 cell differentiation because DCs are essential cells for presenting self-antigens to CD4+ T cells in autoimmune disease conditions. OT-II mice were injected with IL-33-treated DCs or untreated DCs that were primed by OVA323-339 peptide, and their Th17 cell responses were compared. Th17 cell population and IL-17 expression levels were significantly increased in draining lymph nodes of mice injected with IL-33-treated DCs, compared with those in mice injected with untreated DCs. IL-33 treatment maturated DCs to present self-antigens and to increase production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6, which have a crucial role in Th17 cell differentiation. We found that the IL-33-matured DCs enhanced the expression of an early T cell activation marker (CD69) and the Th17 master transcription factor (RORγt), but IL-33 did not directly affect CD4+ T cell differentiation or increase Th17 polarization. Notably, neutralizing IL-1β and/or IL-6 significantly decreased IL-17 expression levels and Th17 cell population which were increased by the coculture of CD4+ T cells with IL-33-matured DCs, indicating that IL-33 may induce Th17 cell responses via IL-1β and IL-6 derived from IL-33-matured DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ho Park
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myun Soo Kim
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Xuan Lim
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeho Cho
- Department of Cosmetic Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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The Distribution of Activation Markers and Selectins on Peripheral T Lymphocytes in Preeclampsia. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8045161. [PMID: 28555090 PMCID: PMC5438859 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8045161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Impaired maternal immune tolerance resulting in systemic inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Phenotypical changes of monocytes and neutrophil granulocytes have already been studied in preeclampsia, and some studies also included T lymphocyte activation markers; however, the results are controversial and a comprehensive analysis of activation markers is lacking. The characteristics of cellular adhesion molecules in preeclampsia are yet to be described. Material and Methods Peripheral blood samples of 18 preeclamptic patients and 20 healthy pregnant women in the third trimester were evaluated using flow cytometry to characterize the cell surface expression of T lymphocyte activation markers and selectins. Results We found an elevated ratio of HLA-DR and CD122-, CD62E-, and CD62L-expressing cells among the CD4+ T lymphocytes in PE in comparison to healthy pregnancy. No alterations were found in the prevalence of CD69-, CD25-, and CD62P-expressing lymphocytes and CD11c-expressing monocytes. Conclusions Our findings support the role of activated T lymphocytes and specific cell adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.
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25
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Gao P, Rong HH, Lu T, Tang G, Si LY, Lederer JA, Xiong W. The CD4/CD8 ratio is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in elderly Chinese patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 42:39-43. [PMID: 27866071 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between number of circulating T cells and coronary artery disease (CAD) in an elderly Chinese population. METHODS A total of 295 elderly inpatients (age≥60) were included in this cross-sectional study. Their clinical and biochemical characteristics were recorded. Patients were divided to two groups: control patients and CAD patients. The risk factors of CAD were explored by binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Compared with control patients, the ratio of CD4 to CD8 T cells was significantly increased in CAD patients. There was no difference in the number of CD3, CD4, and CD8 T cells between the two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that CAD was independently associated with age, gender, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), chronic heart failure (CHF) and the CD4/CD8 ratio. In addition, after adjusting for different clinical parameters (including gender, age, CHF, hypertension, arrhythmia, SBP, and BMI), the risk of CAD was significantly increased in patients with a CD4/CD8 ratio>1.5. CONCLUSIONS There was a strong and independent association between the ratio of CD4/CD8 and CAD in elderly Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital to Third Military Medical University, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Hui Rong
- Department of Health Education, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital to Third Military Medical University, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital to Third Military Medical University, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang-Yi Si
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital to Third Military Medical University, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - James A Lederer
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, US.
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital to Third Military Medical University, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China.
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Li J, McArdle S, Gholami A, Kimura T, Wolf D, Gerhardt T, Miller J, Weber C, Ley K. CCR5+T-bet+FoxP3+ Effector CD4 T Cells Drive Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2016; 118:1540-52. [PMID: 27021296 PMCID: PMC4867125 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE CD4 T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but atherosclerosis-specific CD4 T cells have not been described. Moreover, the chemokine(s) that regulates T-cell trafficking to the atherosclerotic lesions is also unknown. OBJECTIVE In Apoe(-/-) mice with mature atherosclerotic lesions (5 months of high fat diet), we find that most aortic T cells express CCR5 and interferon-γ with a unique combination of cell surface markers (CD4(+)CD25(-)CD44(hi)CD62L(lo)) and transcription factors (FoxP3(+)T-bet(+)). We call these cells CCR5Teff. We investigated the role of CCR5 in regulating T-cell homing to the atherosclerotic aorta and the functionality of the CCR5Teff cells. METHODS AND RESULTS CCR5Teff cells are exclusively found in the aorta and para-aortic lymph nodes of Apoe(-/-) mice. They do not suppress T-cell proliferation in vitro and are less potent than regulatory T cells at inhibiting cytokine secretion. Blocking or knocking out CCR5 or its ligand CCL5 significantly blocks T-cell homing to atherosclerotic aortas. Transcriptomic analysis shows that CCR5Teff cells are more similar to effector T cells than to regulatory T cells. They secrete interferon-γ, interleukin-2, interleukin-10, and tumor necrosis factor. Adoptive transfer of these CCR5Teff cells significantly increases atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS CCR5 is specifically needed for CD4 T-cell homing to the atherosclerotic plaques. CCR5(+)CD4 T cells express an unusual combination of transcription factors, FoxP3 and T-bet. Although CCR5Teff express FoxP3, we showed that they are not regulatory and adoptive transfer of these cells exacerbates atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology (J.L., S.M., T.K., D.W., T.G., J.M., K.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (A.G.), La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Sara McArdle
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology (J.L., S.M., T.K., D.W., T.G., J.M., K.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (A.G.), La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Amin Gholami
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology (J.L., S.M., T.K., D.W., T.G., J.M., K.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (A.G.), La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Takayuki Kimura
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology (J.L., S.M., T.K., D.W., T.G., J.M., K.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (A.G.), La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Dennis Wolf
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology (J.L., S.M., T.K., D.W., T.G., J.M., K.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (A.G.), La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Teresa Gerhardt
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology (J.L., S.M., T.K., D.W., T.G., J.M., K.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (A.G.), La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Jacqueline Miller
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology (J.L., S.M., T.K., D.W., T.G., J.M., K.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (A.G.), La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology (J.L., S.M., T.K., D.W., T.G., J.M., K.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (A.G.), La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Klaus Ley
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology (J.L., S.M., T.K., D.W., T.G., J.M., K.L.) and Bioinformatics Core (A.G.), La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, CA; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.).
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Shinjo T, Nakatsu Y, Iwashita M, Sano T, Sakoda H, Ishihara H, Kushiyama A, Fujishiro M, Fukushima T, Tsuchiya Y, Kamata H, Nishimura F, Asano T. DPP-IV inhibitor anagliptin exerts anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages, adipocytes, and mouse livers by suppressing NF-κB activation. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E214-23. [PMID: 26015438 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00553.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) expression in visceral adipose tissue is reportedly increased in obese patients, suggesting an association of DPP-IV with inflammation. In this study, first, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or palmitate-induced elevations of inflammatory cytokine mRNA expressions in RAW264.7 macrophages were shown to be significantly suppressed by coincubation with a DPP-IV inhibitor, anagliptin (10 μM), despite low DPP-IV expression in the RAW264.7 cells. Regarding the molecular mechanism, LPS-induced degradation of IκBα and phosphorylations of p65, JNK, and p38, as well as NF-κB and AP-1 promoter activities, were revealed to be suppressed by incubation with anagliptin, indicating suppressive effects of anagliptin on both NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways. Anagliptin also acted on 3T3-L1 adipocytes, weakly suppressing the inflammatory cytokine expressions induced by LPS and TNFα. When 3T3-L1 and RAW cells were cocultured and stimulated with LPS, the effects of anagliptin on the suppression of cytokine expressions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were more marked and became evident at the 10 μM concentration. Anti-inflammatory effects of anagliptin were also observed in vivo on the elevated hepatic and adipose expressions and serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in association with the suppression of hepatic NF-κB transcriptional activity in LPS-infused mice. Taking these observations together, the anti-inflammatory properties of anagliptin may be beneficial in terms of preventing exacerbation of diabetes and cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Shinjo
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Misaki Iwashita
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sano
- Department of Dental Science for Health Promotion, Division of Cervico-Gnathostomatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Ishihara
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute for Adult Disease, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Fukushima
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tsuchiya
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kamata
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Section of Periodontology, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Division of Molecular Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan;
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Ascione R, Rowlinson J, Avolio E, Katare R, Meloni M, Spencer HL, Mangialardi G, Norris C, Kränkel N, Spinetti G, Emanueli C, Madeddu P. Migration towards SDF-1 selects angiogenin-expressing bone marrow monocytes endowed with cardiac reparative activity in patients with previous myocardial infarction. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:53. [PMID: 25889213 PMCID: PMC4440500 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemokine-directed migration is crucial for homing of regenerative cells to the infarcted heart and correlates with outcomes of cell therapy trials. Hence, transplantation of chemokine-responsive bone marrow cells may be ideal for treatment of myocardial ischemia. To verify the therapeutic activity of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) selected by in vitro migration towards the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI), we used BM-MNCs from patients with previous large MI recruited in the TransACT-1&2 cell therapy trials. Methods Unfractioned BM-MNCs, SDF-1-responsive, and SDF-1-nonresponsive BM-MNCs isolated by patients recruited in the TransACT-1&2 cell therapy trials were tested in Matrigel assay to evaluate angiogenic potential. Secretome and antigenic profile were characterized by flow cytometry. Angiogenin expression was measured by RT-PCR. Cells groups were also intramyocardially injected in an in vivo model of MI (8-week-old immune deficient CD1-FOXN1nu/nu mice). Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements were performed before and at 14 days post-MI. Arterioles and capillaries density, infiltration of inflammatory cells, interstitial fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results In vitro migration enriched for monocytes, while CD34+ and CD133+ cells and T lymphocytes remained mainly confined in the non-migrated fraction. Unfractioned total BM-MNCs promoted angiogenesis on Matrigel more efficiently than migrated or non-migrated cells. In mice with induced MI, intramyocardial injection of unfractionated or migrated BM-MNCs was more effective in preserving cardiac contractility and pressure indexes than vehicle or non-migrated BM-MNCs. Moreover, unfractioned BM-MNCs enhanced neovascularization, whereas the migrated fraction was unique in reducing the infarct size and interstitial fibrosis. In vitro studies on isolated cardiomyocytes suggest participation of angiogenin, a secreted ribonuclease that inhibits protein translation under stress conditions, in promotion of cardiomyocyte survival by migrated BM-MNCs. Conclusions Transplantation of bone marrow cells helps post-MI healing through distinct actions on vascular cells and cardiomyocytes. In addition, the SDF-1-responsive fraction is enriched with angiogenin-expressing monocytes, which may improve cardiac recovery through activation of cardiomyocyte response to stress. Identification of factors linking migratory and therapeutic outcomes could help refine regenerative approaches. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0028-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimondo Ascione
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Jonathan Rowlinson
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Elisa Avolio
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Marco Meloni
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Helen L Spencer
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Giuseppe Mangialardi
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Caroline Norris
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | | | | | - Costanza Emanueli
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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Kunes P, Mandak J, Holubcova Z, Kolackova M, Krejsek J. Actual position of interleukin(IL)-33 in atherosclerosis and heart failure: Great Expectations or En attendant Godot? Perfusion 2014; 30:356-74. [DOI: 10.1177/0267659114562269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis has been recognized as an inflammatory/autoimmune disease. The long-standing low-grade inflammation which fuels its development is primarily focused on the components of the vessel wall. Originally, inflammation in atherogenesis was supposed to be driven by the pro-inflammatory Th1 cellular and cytokine immune response. On the basis of accumulating evidence, this view has been re-evaluated to include the Th17/Th1 axis which is shared by most diseases of sterile inflammation. The anti-inflammatory Th2 cellular and cytokine immune response is initiated concomitantly with the former two, the latter dampening their harmful reactions which culminate in full-blown atherosclerosis. Interleukin-33, a novel member of the IL-1 cytokine superfamily, was suggested to take part in the anti-atherogenic response by mediating the Th1-to-Th2 switch of the immune reactions. However, IL-33 is a multifaceted mediator with both pro- and anti-inflammatory activities, also called a “dual factor” or a “Janus face” interleukin. IL-33 occurs both in an extracellular (cytokine-like) and in a nuclear-bound (transcription factor-like) form, each of them performing distinct activities of their own. This review article presents the latest data relevant to IL-33’s role in atherosclerosis and cardiac diseases as perceived by a cardiologist and a cardiac surgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kunes
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - J Mandak
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Z Holubcova
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - M Kolackova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - J Krejsek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Liptrott NJ, Kendall E, Nieves DJ, Farrell J, Rannard S, Fernig DG, Owen A. Partial mitigation of gold nanoparticle interactions with human lymphocytes by surface functionalization with a ‘mixed matrix’. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:2467-79. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate interactions of gold nanoparticles with primary human lymphocytes and determine if the addition of a self-assembled monolayer of ‘mixed-matrix’ ligands influenced these interactions. Materials & methods: The effect of gold nanoparticles was measured by exposure to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy volunteers with subsequent examination of cell proliferation, cytokine secretion and CD4+ T-cell activation relative to controls. Results: Capped and as-synthesized gold nanoparticles augmented PBMC proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin and this effect was greater for as-synthesized than for capped gold nanoparticles. Release of IL-10 and IFN-γ from PBMCs was increased and the effect was again more marked for as-synthesized than capped gold nanoparticles. Conclusion: This method provides an ex vivo approach for studying the interaction of nanoparticles with the human immune system. Further research is required to determine the specific mechanisms for reduction of immune activation seen here which could then be used to design a truly ‘stealth’ nanoparticle. Original submitted 11 October 2013; Revised submitted 30 January 2014
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Affiliation(s)
- Neill J Liptrott
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Emily Kendall
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel J Nieves
- Department of Structural & Chemical Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - John Farrell
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Steve Rannard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - David G Fernig
- Department of Structural & Chemical Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Molecular & Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, UK
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Abstract
Adaptive immunity is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but the recruitment of T and B lymphocytes to atherosclerotic lesions is not as well studied as that of monocytes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of lymphocyte subsets in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and discuss chemokines and chemokine receptors involved in lymphocyte homing to atherosclerotic lesions. We review evidence for involvement of the chemokines CCL5, CCL19, CCL21, CXCL10, and CXCL16 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor in lymphocyte homing in atherosclerosis. Also, we review the role of their receptors CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CXCR3, CXCR6, and CXCR2/CXCR4 and the role of the L-selectin in mouse models of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA
| | - Klaus Ley
- From the Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, CA.
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32
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Coronary cardiac allograft vasculopathy versus native atherosclerosis: difficulties in classification. Virchows Arch 2014; 464:627-35. [PMID: 24807733 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy is regarded as a progressive and diffuse intimal hyperplastic lesion of arteries and veins that leads to insidious vessel narrowing and to allograft ischemic disease, such as acute myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death. The coronary lesions in transplanted hearts are considered as a particular type of arteriosclerosis with many similarities but also significant differences compared to native coronary atherosclerosis. It is particularly difficult for pathologists to systematically classify the lesions and to elucidate their origins, since over time, the allograft immune responses cause vascular pathology characterized by not only the onset of de novo fibrocellular lesions but also remodeling of already-existing native atherosclerotic lesions in the donor heart. Intraplaque hemorrhages, which result from newly formed leaky microvessels, may cause rapid increase of stenosis and generate a substrate for plaque destabilization. Comparing cardiac allograft vasculopathy from explanted hearts at autopsy with native coronary atherosclerosis from hearts removed at transplantation has revealed that ongoing intraplaque hemorrhages are also an important feature of cardiac allograft vasculopathy and may be important factors in the rapid progression of cardiac allograft vasculopathy.
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Zhang T, Zhao LL, Zhang ZR, Fu PD, Su ZD, Qi LC, Li XQ, Dong YM. Interaction network analysis revealed biomarkers in myocardial infarction. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:4997-5003. [PMID: 24748432 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a serious heart disease. The cardiac cells of patients with MI will die due to lack of blood for a long time. In this study, we aimed to find new targets for MI diagnosis and therapy. We downloaded GSE22229 including 12 blood samples from healthy persons and GSE29111 from Gene Expression Omnibus including 36 blood samples from MI patients. Then we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patients with MI compared to normal controls with p value < 0.05 and |logFC| > 1. Furthermore, interaction network and sub-network of these of these DEGs were constructed by NetBox. Linker genes were screened in the Global Network database. The degree of linker genes were calculated by igraph package in R language. Gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway analysis were performed for DEGs and network modules. A total of 246 DEGs were identified in MI, which were enriched in the immune response. In the interaction network, LCK, CD247, CD3D, FYN, HLA-DRA, IL2, CD8A CD3E, CD4, CD3G had high degree, among which CD3E, CD4, CD3G were DEGs while others were linker genes screened from Global Network database. Genes in the sub-network were also enriched in the immune response pathway. The genes with high degree may be biomarkers for MI diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37 Yiyuan Street of Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Castellani C, Angelini A, de Boer OJ, van der Loos CM, Fedrigo M, Frigo AC, Meijer-Jorna LB, Li X, Ploegmakers HJP, Tona F, Feltrin G, Gerosa G, Valente M, Thiene G, van der Wal AC. Intraplaque hemorrhage in cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:184-92. [PMID: 24354875 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Plaque hemorrhage, inflammation and microvessel density are key determinants of plaque vulnerability in native coronary atherosclerosis (ATS). This study investigates the role of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) and its relation with inflammation and microvessels in cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) in posttransplanted patients. Seventy coronary plaques were obtained from 12 patients who died because of CAV. For each patient we collected both native heart and the allograft, at the time of transplantation and autopsy, respectively. Intralesion inflammation, microvessels and IPH were assessed semi-quantitatively. IPH was observed in 21/35 (60%) CAV lesions and in 8/35 (22.9%) native ATS plaques, with a strong association between fibrocellular lesions and IPH (p = 0.0142). Microvessels were detected in 26/35 (74.3%) of CAV lesions with perivascular leakage as sign of endothelial damage in 18/26 (69.2%). IPH was strongly associated with microvessels (p < 0.0001). Inflammation was present in 31/35 (88.6%) of CAV lesions. CAV IPH+ lesions were characterized by presence of both fresh and old hemorrhage in 12/21 (57.1%). IPH, associated with microvessel damage and inflammation, is an important feature of CAV. Fresh and old intralesion hemorrhage suggests ongoing remodeling processes promoting the lesion progression and vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Castellani
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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van der Loos CM. Is the Catalyzed System Amplification (CSA) II Kit Also Applicable for Cryostat Tissue Sections and Double Staining? J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.2006.29.3.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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González-Amaro R, Cortés JR, Sánchez-Madrid F, Martín P. Is CD69 an effective brake to control inflammatory diseases? Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:625-32. [PMID: 23954168 PMCID: PMC4171681 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Early studies described CD69 as a leukocyte activation marker, and suggested its involvement in the activation of different leukocyte subsets as well as in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. However, recent investigations have showed that CD69 knockout mice exhibit an enhanced or reduced susceptibility to different experimental models of inflammatory diseases, including those mediated by T helper 17 (Th17) lymphocytes. In this regard, the expression of CD69, both in Th17 lymphocytes and by a subset of regulatory T cells, has an important role in the control of the immune response and the inflammatory phenomenon. Therefore, different evidence indicates that CD69 exerts a complex immunoregulatory role in humans, and that it could be considered as a target molecule for the therapy of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose R. Cortés
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain, 28029
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain, 28029
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, 28006
| | - Pilar Martín
- Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain, 28029
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van der Loos CM. Chromogens in Multiple Immunohistochemical Staining Used for Visual Assessment and Spectral Imaging: The Colorful Future. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.2010.33.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Mononuclear cell adenosine deaminase and CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase-IV activities are sensitive markers of reperfusion during percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Int J Cardiol 2013; 166:225-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Disparate host immunity to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens in calves inoculated with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. avium subsp. avium, M. kansasii, and M. bovis. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:848-57. [PMID: 23554467 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00051-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The cross-reactivity of mycobacterial antigens in immune-based diagnostic assays has been a major concern and a criticism of the current tests that are used for the detection of paratuberculosis. In the present study, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis recombinant proteins were evaluated for antigenic specificity compared to a whole-cell sonicate preparation (MPS). Measures of cell-mediated immunity to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens were compared in calves inoculated with live M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, M. avium subsp. avium (M. avium), Mycobacterium kansasii, or Mycobacterium bovis. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) responses to MPS were observed in all calves that were exposed to mycobacteria compared to control calves at 4 months postinfection. Pooled recombinant M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins also elicited nonspecific IFN-γ responses in inoculated calves, with the exception of calves infected with M. bovis. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis proteins failed to elicit antigen-specific responses for the majority of immune measures; however, the expression of CD25 and CD26 was upregulated on CD4, CD8, gamma/delta (γδ) T, and B cells for the calves that were inoculated with either M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis or M. avium after antigen stimulation of the cells. Stimulation with MPS also resulted in the increased expression of CD26 on CD45RO(+) CD25(+) T cells from calves inoculated with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and M. avium. Although recombinant proteins failed to elicit specific responses for the calves inoculated with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the differences in immune responses to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens were dependent upon mycobacterial exposure. The results demonstrated a close alignment in immune responses between calves inoculated with M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and those inoculated with M. avium that were somewhat disparate from the responses in calves infected with M. bovis, suggesting that the biology of mycobacterial infection plays an important role in diagnosis.
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Th17 cells and IL-17 are involved in the disruption of vulnerable plaques triggered by short-term combination stimulation in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Cell Mol Immunol 2013; 10:338-48. [PMID: 23542316 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2013.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicates that type 1 T helper (Th1)- and Th17-mediated immune responses promote the formation of atherosclerotic plaques while that CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a protective effect. However, the functions of diverse CD4(+) lymphocyte subsets in plaque rupture remain poorly understood because of a shortage of satisfactory plaque rupture models. Here, we established a murine model of atherosclerotic plaque rupture using a high-fat diet and collar placement on the carotid artery, and triggered plaque rupture by short-term stimulation with a combination of lipopolysaccharide, phenylephrine injection and cold in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice. We investigated the associations between Th1 cells, Th17 cells and Tregs and plaque rupture by PCR, flow cytometry, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. In total, 75% (18/24) of vulnerable plaques, but no stable plaques, showed rupture characteristics. The proportion of Th17 cells was increased among splenocytes after treatment, but the changes in the levels of Th1 cells and Tregs were not related to rupture. Furthermore, the treatment resulted in high levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the serum and in the region of plaque rupture. In vitro, IL-17 increased the level of apoptosis, a major factor associated with plaque rupture, in cultured murine vascular smooth muscle cells. Th17 cells and IL-17 may be involved in the disruption of vulnerable plaques triggered by short-term stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, phenylephrine injection and cold in ApoE(-/-)mice.
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Lymphocyte subset characterization in patients with early clinical presentation of coronary heart disease. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2013; 34:475-82. [PMID: 22903683 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-012-0761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate lymphocyte populations in non-diabetic patients with early clinical presentation of coronary heart disease (CHD). Twenty-five consecutive middle-aged (<55 years) out-patients with CHD (acute myocardial infarction in the previous 3 months) and stable clinical conditions (>1 month) underwent venous blood sampling in order to determinate CD3+ (T-lymphocytes), CD19+ (B-lymphocytes), CD4+ (helper/inducer lymphocytes) and CD8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes) populations. Patients with diabetes, heart failure symptoms, recent revascularization (<30 days) were excluded. Twenty-five patients matched for age, gender and risk factors were enrolled as controls. All patients with CHD previously underwent coronary angiography. CHD patients showed lower CD3+ levels (70.96 ± 4.72 vs. 74.12 ± 4.93 %, p < 0.05) and CD8+ (37.80 ± 7.15 vs. 46.36 ± 5.22 %, p < 0.001) but higher CD4+ (37.32 ± 7.99 vs. 31.64 ± 4.72 %, p < 0.01) and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (1.06 ± 0.43 vs. 0.69 ± 0.13, p < 0.001). Difference in CD19+ levels was not statistically significant. Subjects with an impaired (≤55 %) left ventricular ejection fraction were characterized by lower levels of CD8+ (33.23 ± 7.04 vs. 43.76 ± 7.40 %, p < 0.05) and higher levels of CD4+ (38.31 ± 8.23 vs. 32.73 ± 6.08 %, p < 0.05) and CD4+/CD8+ ratio (1.06 ± 0.38 vs. 0.79 ± 0.34, p < 0.05). CD8+ levels inversely related to severity of coronary atherosclerosis (r = -0.37, p < 0.01). In conclusion, subjects with early clinical presentation of CHD are characterized by an altered CD4+/CD8+ ratio and lower CD3+ levels.
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Najar M, Raicevic G, Fayyad-Kazan H, De Bruyn C, Bron D, Toungouz M, Lagneaux L. Impact of different mesenchymal stromal cell types on T-cell activation, proliferation and migration. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 15:693-702. [PMID: 23499510 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from different tissue sources may present distinct immunomodulatory profiles. As lymphocyte responses are a combination of several distinct steps, we evaluated and compared the impact of MSCs from different sources on the activation, proliferation and migration of T-cells. We demonstrated that tissue-derived MSCs have important immunomodulatory effects. AT-MSCs induced potent anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory (IFN-γ downregulation) effects and differentially modulated several T-cell activation markers (CD23, CD26, CD45, and CD69). Among all the MSC types tested, only AT-MSCs induced significant downregulation of CD26 and CD45 expression. Of importance, AT-MSCs maintained a sustained expression of CD69. AT-MSCs, particularly following exposure to an inflammatory environment, promoted the migration of lymphocytes into their surrounding environment. The AT-MSCs may increase recruitment of T lymphocytes by upregulation of IL-8 and CCL5 secretion. Following their migration, T-cells interact with MSCs, which can impair lymphocyte proliferation and activation depending on their origin. Inflammatory T-cells appeared to be progressively suppressed, which may lead to a population of lymphocytes with a regulatory phenotype. These findings are relevant, as they increase our understanding of the different immunomodulatory effect of MSCs as well as their behavior in an inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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Li X, van der Meer JJ, van der Loos CM, Ploegmakers HJP, de Boer OJ, de Winter RJ, van der Wal AC. Microvascular endoglin (CD105) expression correlates with tissue markers for atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in an ageing population with multivessel coronary artery disease. Histopathology 2012; 61:88-97. [PMID: 22463585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.04166.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques are lesions with a high propensity to develop plaque disruption and superimposed thrombosis. No systematic studies have been carried out on tissue markers for plaque vulnerability throughout the entire coronary artery system at the end stages of coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine autopsied patients (mean age 77 years) with angiographically severe trivascular coronary atherosclerosis were selected for this study. All visible lesions in postmortem coronary angiograms (n = 125) were histologically and immunohistochemically screened for the presence of intraplaque haemorrhages (activated) microvessels and inflammatory infiltrates. Intraplaque haemorrhages were observed in 76/125 plaques (61%). Chronic inflammation was found superficially in 59/125 plaques (47%) and deeply inside the plaque tissue in 103/125 plaques (83%). Microvessels were found in 100/125 lesions (80%), of which 58% showed endothelial expression of the vascular activation marker CD105. Moreover, microvascular CD105 positivity correlated positively with plaque haemorrhage and deeply seated plaque inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Plaque inflammation and haemorrhages can be found at a high frequency throughout the coronary artery system of elderly patients with multivessel coronary atherosclerosis. Microvascular expression of endoglin (CD105), which correlates positively with both of these features of plaque vulnerability, can serve as a marker of the risk of developing coronary thrombotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Backteman K, Andersson C, Dahlin LG, Ernerudh J, Jonasson L. Lymphocyte subpopulations in lymph nodes and peripheral blood: a comparison between patients with stable angina and acute coronary syndrome. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32691. [PMID: 22396788 PMCID: PMC3291561 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Atherosclerosis is characterized by a chronic inflammatory response involving activated T cells and impairment of natural killer (NK) cells. An increased T cell activity has been associated with plaque instability and risk of acute cardiac events. Lymphocyte analyses in blood are widely used to evaluate the immune status. However, peripheral blood contains only a minor proportion of lymphocytes. In this study, we hypothesized that thoracic lymph nodes from patients with stable angina (SA) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) might add information to peripheral blood analyses. Methods Peripheral blood and lymph nodes were collected during coronary by-pass surgery in 13 patients with SA and 13 patients with ACS. Lymphocyte subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry using antibodies against CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD16/56, CD25, Foxp3, CD69, HLA-DR, IL-18 receptor (R) and CCR4. Results Lymph nodes revealed a lymphocyte subpopulation profile substantially differing from that in blood including a higher proportion of B cells, lower proportions of CD8+ T cells and NK cells and a 2-fold higher CD4/CD8 ratio. CD4+CD69+ cells as well as Foxp3+ regulatory T cells were markedly enriched in lymph nodes (p<0.001) while T helper 1-like (CD4+IL-18R+) cells were more frequent in blood (p<0.001). The only significant differences between ACS and SA patients involved NK cells that were reduced in the ACS group. However, despite being reduced, the NK cell fraction in ACS patients contained a significantly higher proportion of IL-18R+ cells compared with SA patients (p<0.05). Conclusion There were several differences in lymphocyte subpopulations between blood and lymph nodes. However, the lymphocyte perturbations in peripheral blood of ACS patients compared with SA patients were not mirrored in lymph nodes. The findings indicate that lymph node analyses in multivessel coronary artery disease may not reveal any major changes in the immune response that are not detectable in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Backteman
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Ammirati E, Cianflone D, Vecchio V, Banfi M, Vermi AC, De Metrio M, Grigore L, Pellegatta F, Pirillo A, Garlaschelli K, Manfredi AA, Catapano AL, Maseri A, Palini AG, Norata GD. Effector Memory T cells Are Associated With Atherosclerosis in Humans and Animal Models. J Am Heart Assoc 2012; 1:27-41. [PMID: 23130116 PMCID: PMC3487313 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.111.000125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND#ENTITYSTARTX02014;: Adaptive T-cell response is promoted during atherogenesis and results in the differentiation of naïve CD4(+)T cells to effector and/or memory cells of specialized T-cell subsets. Aim of this work was to investigate the relationship between circulating CD4(+)T-cell subsets and atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS#ENTITYSTARTX02014;: We analyzed 57 subsets of circulating CD4(+)T cells by 10-parameter/8-color polychromatic flow cytometry (markers: CD3/CD4/CD45RO/CD45RA/CCR7/CCR5/CXCR3/HLA-DR) in peripheral blood from 313 subjects derived from 2 independent cohorts. In the first cohort of subjects from a free-living population (n=183), effector memory T cells (T(EM): CD3(+)CD4(+)CD45RA(-)CD45RO(+)CCR7(-) cells) were strongly related with intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery, even after adjustment for age (r=0.27; P<0.001). Of note, a significant correlation between T(EM) and low-density lipoproteins was observed. In the second cohort (n=130), T(EM) levels were significantly increased in patients with chronic stable angina or acute myocardial infarction compared with controls. HLA-DR(+)T(EM) were the T(EM) subpopulation with the strongest association with the atherosclerotic process (r=0.37; P<0.01). Finally, in animal models of atherosclerosis, T(EM) (identified as CD4(+)CD44(+)CD62L(-)) were significantly increased in low-density lipoprotein receptor and apolipoprotein E deficient mice compared with controls and were correlated with the extent of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root (r=0.56; P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS#ENTITYSTARTX02014;: Circulating T(EM) cells are associated with increased atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease in humans and in animal models and could represent a key CD4(+)T-cell subset related to the atherosclerotic process. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:27-41.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ammirati
- Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and the Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan, Italy (E.A., D.C., M.B.) ; Heart Transplantation Division, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda , Milan, Italy (E.A.) ; Heart Care Foundation , Florence, Italy (E.A., A.M.)
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The role of costimulatory receptors of the tumour necrosis factor receptor family in atherosclerosis. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2012:464532. [PMID: 22235167 PMCID: PMC3253462 DOI: 10.1155/2012/464532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is mediated by both the innate and adaptive immune responses. T lymphocytes, that together with B cells are the cellular effectors of the adaptive immune system, are currently endowed with crucial roles in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Costimulatory receptors are a class of molecules expressed by T lymphocytes that regulate the activation of T cells and the generation of effector T-cell responses. In this review we present the roles of costimulatory receptors of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily in atherosclerosis and discuss the implications for future therapies that could be used to specifically modulate the immune response of pathogenic T cells in this disease.
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Genetical genomics of Th1 and Th2 immune response in a baboon model of atherosclerosis risk factors. Atherosclerosis 2011; 217:387-94. [PMID: 21762917 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD4(+) T-cells mediate inflammation in atherosclerosis, but additive genetic effects on associated pathways of Th1 and Th2 immune response have not been described. We sought to characterize heritability, pleiotropy, and QTL effects on the expression of genes implicated in Th1 and Th2 immune response in a baboon model of risk factors for atherosclerosis. METHODS We employed a maximum likelihood-based variance decomposition approach to estimate additive genetic effects on transcript levels generated from a gene expression profile of lymphocytes in 499 pedigreed baboons maintained on a basal diet. Transcript levels for 57 genes implicated in Th1 and Th2 immune response were selected for analysis based on significant heritability in this profile. Multipoint whole genome scans were conducted on heritable transcript levels to localize QTLs influencing these measures. To evaluate pleiotropic effects on transcript levels, we estimated genetic and phenotypic correlations among transcript measures, and assessed their correspondence using a Mantel test. Network analysis using GeneGo's MetaCore™ software was conducted to characterize known interaction among coded proteins. RESULTS Heritabilities for candidate gene transcript levels ranged from 0.092-0.786 (median h(2)=0.278, P=4.72×10(-4)). Linkage analyses yielded significant evidence (LOD≥2.73) for 14 eQTLs (LOD score range 2.76-14.87, genome-wide P=4.9×10(-2)-1.03×10(-14)). Estimates of genetic correlation supported shared additive genetic effects incorporating all 57 transcripts (null hypothesis of ρ(G)=0 rejected at FDR≤0.05 for 522 of 1596 estimates), and accounted for most of the observed phenotypic correlation among transcripts (Mantel test, r([ρP],)([ρG])=0.781, P<0.0001). Network analysis revealed direct interactions among 54 of the 57 coded proteins. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that major genetic effects influence expression levels of multiple genes implicated in Th1 and Th2 immune response. Additionally, we find that expression levels of these candidate genes are characterized by extensive pleiotropy, consistent with known interaction among their coded proteins, many of which are independently associated with atherosclerosis.
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Maes M, Ruckoanich P, Chang YS, Mahanonda N, Berk M. Multiple aberrations in shared inflammatory and oxidative & nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways explain the co-association of depression and cardiovascular disorder (CVD), and the increased risk for CVD and due mortality in depressed patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:769-83. [PMID: 20561554 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that there is a bidirectional relationship between major depression and cardiovascular disorder (CVD): depressed patients are a population at risk for increased cardiac morbidity and mortality, and depression is more frequent in patients who suffer from CVD. There is also evidence that inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways underpin the common pathophysiology of both CVD and major depression. Activation of these pathways may increase risk for both disorders and contribute to shared risk. The shared IO&NS pathways that may contribute to CVD and depression comprise the following: increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ; T cell activation; increased acute phase proteins, like C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, fibrinogen and α1-antitrypsin; complement factors; increased LPS load through bacterial translocation and subsequent gut-derived inflammation; induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase with increased levels of tryptophan catabolites; decreased levels of antioxidants, like coenzyme Q10, zinc, vitamin E, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase; increased O&NS characterized by oxidative damage to low density lipoprotein (LDL) and phospholipid inositol, increased malondialdehyde, and damage to DNA and mitochondria; increased nitrosative stress; and decreased ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The complex interplay between the abovementioned IO&NS pathways in depression results in pro-atherogenic effects and should be regarded as a risk factor to future clinical CVD and due mortality. We suggest that major depression should be added as a risk factor to the Charlson "comorbidity" index. It is advised that patients with (sub)chronic or recurrent major depression should routinely be assessed by serology tests to predict if they have an increased risk to cardiovascular disorders.
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Spatial differences in the presence of FOXP3+ and GranzymeB+ T cells between the intra- and extravascular compartments in renal allograft vasculopathy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18656. [PMID: 21494640 PMCID: PMC3071842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allograft vasculopathy (AV) and native atherosclerosis (NA) share the presence of a T-cell mediated inflammatory response, but differ in overall plaque morphology and growth rate. We studied the distribution and frequency of regulatory- and cytotoxic T cells in the arterial intima lesions in both conditions. Methodology/Principal Findings The study is based on vessels of 15 explanted human renal allografts with AV and 10 carotid artery plaques obtained at surgery. Distribution and frequency of cytotoxic- and regulatory T cells, as identified by the expression of Granzyme B (GrB) and FOXP3 was established in NA and AV. Furthermore, we compared the distribution of these cells in AV with the perivascular, interstitial renal tissue using immunohistochemistry. The total number of T cells was much higher in AV than in NA lesions (711±135 and 37±8 CD3/mm2 respectively, p<0.005, mean, ± SEM). Total numbers of FOXP3+ regulatory cells were also significantly increased in AV (36±10 and 0.9±0.3 FOXP3+/mm2 p<0.05), but relative numbers, expressed as a percentage of the total number of CD3+ T cells ((FOXP3+/CD3+) ×100), were not significantly different (4.6%±0.9 and 2.7%±0.6). GrB+ cells were rare in NA, but significantly increased numbers of GrB+ cells were found in AV lesions (85±24 and 0.2±0.1 GrB+/mm2, p<0.05). Perivascular tissues in the allografts showed a higher relative frequency of FOXP3+ cells than adjacent intimal lesions (14.0%±2.7 and 4.6%±0.9, respectively, p<0.05), but a lower frequency of GrB+ cytotoxic T cells (16.1%±2.7 and 22.6%±3.6, p<0.05). Conclusions Similar to NA, AV is characterized by a low frequency of intimal FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. Moreover, significant spatial differences exist in the distribution of functional T cell subsets between the intra- and extravascular micro-environments of the graft.
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van Leuven SI, van Wijk DF, Volger OL, de Vries JPP, van der Loos CM, de Kleijn DV, Horrevoets AJ, Tak PP, van der Wal AC, de Boer OJ, Pasterkamp G, Hayden MR, Kastelein JJ, Stroes ES. Mycophenolate mofetil attenuates plaque inflammation in patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211:231-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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