1
|
Remesar X, Alemany M. Dietary Energy Partition: The Central Role of Glucose. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7729. [PMID: 33086579 PMCID: PMC7593952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have developed effective survival mechanisms under conditions of nutrient (and energy) scarcity. Nevertheless, today, most humans face a quite different situation: excess of nutrients, especially those high in amino-nitrogen and energy (largely fat). The lack of mechanisms to prevent energy overload and the effective persistence of the mechanisms hoarding key nutrients such as amino acids has resulted in deep disorders of substrate handling. There is too often a massive untreatable accumulation of body fat in the presence of severe metabolic disorders of energy utilization and disposal, which become chronic and go much beyond the most obvious problems: diabetes, circulatory, renal and nervous disorders included loosely within the metabolic syndrome. We lack basic knowledge on diet nutrient dynamics at the tissue-cell metabolism level, and this adds to widely used medical procedures lacking sufficient scientific support, with limited or nil success. In the present longitudinal analysis of the fate of dietary nutrients, we have focused on glucose as an example of a largely unknown entity. Even most studies on hyper-energetic diets or their later consequences tend to ignore the critical role of carbohydrate (and nitrogen disposal) as (probably) the two main factors affecting the substrate partition and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Remesar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Faculty of Biology, University Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- IBUB Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marià Alemany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine Faculty of Biology, University Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- IBUB Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng C, Zhang Z, Li H, Bai P, Cao X, Dobs AS. Analysis of cardiovascular risk factors associated with serum testosterone levels according to the US 2011-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Aging Male 2019; 22:121-128. [PMID: 29925274 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1479387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between cardiovascular disease risk factors, including fasting glucose, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), LDL-c, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), C-peptide, creatinine kinase, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, C-reactive protein as well as homocysteine levels and cardiovascular events. METHODS Data from 1545 men aged ≥40 years, with testosterone deficiency (TD) (<300 ng/dL) and non-TD (≥300 ng/dL) which were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database 2011-2012 and analyzed. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed positive associations between TD and BMI (≥35 vs. < 18.5: OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.19-5.32, p = .016), HDL-c (<0.91 vs. ≥0.91: OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.14-2.24, p = .006) and diabetes (diabetes vs. non-diabetes: OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.14-1.92, p = .004) as well as negative associations between TD and metabolic equivalent scores (≥12 vs. <12: OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.52-0.91, p = .009) and smoking (Ever vs. never: OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51-0.94, p = .018). Furthermore, total serum testosterone levels were lower in patients with heart failure (p = .04) and angina/angina pectoris (p = .001) compared with subjects without these cardiac problems. CONCLUSION Low serum testosterone was associated with multiple risk factors for CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Deng
- a Department of Andrology , First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- b Andrology Center, Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology , Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Hongjun Li
- c Department of Urology , Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Peng Bai
- d Medical Affairs, Merck Sharp & Dohme (China) Holding Ltd , Shanghai , China
| | - Xian Cao
- e Medical Affairs, Merck Sharp & Dohme (China) Holding Ltd , Shanghai , China
| | - Adrian Sandra Dobs
- f Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism , The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Doulamis IP, Tzani A, Konstantopoulos P, Daskalopoulou A, Spinos T, Bletsa E, Mitsopoulou D, Spinou M, Brinia ME, Palaiopanos K, Korou LM, Perrea DN, Katsilambros NL. Experimental hypogonadism: insulin resistance, biochemical changes and effect of testosterone substitution. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2018-0118. [PMID: 31054251 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background We sought to clarify the role of testosterone substitution in terms of insulin resistance and metabolic profile dysregulation in hypogonadism. Methods Twenty-nine male Wistar rats aged 11-12 weeks were divided in three groups: control (C, n = 10), sham operation; orchiectomy (ORX, n = 9); and orchiectomy + testosterone substitution (ORX+T, n = 10). Blood samples were obtained at day 1 (operation), after 10 days (intramuscular T injection 100 μg/100 g b.w.), 25 days (second T injection) and 40 days (sacrifice). Results Hormonal replacement significantly attenuated the negative effect of orchiectomy on insulin resistance as indicated by the successive changes in both insulin levels (1.44 ± 2.94 vs. 4.10 ± 2.47 vs. 1.78 ± 0.68 ng/mL, for D1, D10 and D40, respectively; p = 0.028 and p = 0.022, respectively) and HOMA-IR index (1.36 ± 2.75 vs. 3.68 ± 1.87 vs. 1.74 ± 0.69 ng/mL, for D1, D10 and D40, respectively; p = 0.024 and p = 0.026, respectively) in the ORX+T group. Irisin levels peaked at the 10th postoperative day and were decreased at the end of the experiment (0.27 ± 0.11 vs. 0.85 ± 0.54 vs. 0.02 ± 0.07 ng/mL for D1, D10 and D40, respectively; p = 0.028 in both cases), whereas resistin levels did not differ. Experimental hypogonadism results in an unfavorable lipid profile and insulin resistance, which is not observed when the ORX animals are substituted for T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilias P Doulamis
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15b Agiou Thoma St.,Athens 11527, Greece, Phone: (617)-470-0917
| | - Aspasia Tzani
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Konstantopoulos
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Afroditi Daskalopoulou
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Spinos
- Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evanthia Bletsa
- Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Mitsopoulou
- Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Spinou
- Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Evgenia Brinia
- Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Laskarina Maria Korou
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina N Perrea
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicholas L Katsilambros
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas", School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alqahtani SA, Alhawiti NM. Administration of testosterone improves the prothrombotic and antifibrinolytic parameters associated with its deficiency in an orchidectiomized rat model. Platelets 2018; 30:624-630. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1499886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan A. Alqahtani
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| | - Naif M. Alhawiti
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Relationship between rectus abdominis muscle thickness and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged men. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185040. [PMID: 28915276 PMCID: PMC5600386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Skeletal muscle has been suggested as an important factor in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. During the aging process, muscle mass is lost in specific body parts. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between site-specific muscle loss assessed using computed tomography (CT) and metabolic syndrome. This study was conducted to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and rectus abdominis muscle thickness at the umbilicus level (RAM), which reflects site-specific muscle loss of the abdomen using CT image. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 725 middle-aged Korean men. Anthropometric evaluation and biochemical tests were performed. The RAMs of the subjects were measured from CT images taken at the umbilicus level. Results The mean RAM (mean ±SD) of subjects with metabolic syndrome was 2.46 ±0.01, which was thinner than that of subjects without metabolic syndrome (2.52 ±0.01, p<0.01). Moreover, RAM decreased as the number of metabolic syndrome components increased (p-value for trend<0.01). RAM was positively correlated with body mass index (r = 0.21, p<0.01), skeletal muscle index (r = 0.26, p<0.01), and creatinine (r = 0.12, p<0.01), while RAM was negatively correlated with age(r = -0.11, p<0.01), abdominal circumference(r = -0.22, p<0.01), fasting glucose (r = -0.10, p<0.01), and triglycerides(r = -0.15, p<0.01). Using a stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis, we found that RAM was an independent factor associated with metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.861, 95%CI, 0.779–0.951, p<0.01). The result was not different in the statistical analysis including the components of MS (OR: 0.860, 95% CI, 0.767–0.965, p = 0.01). Conclusion RAM was associated with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged men. Moreover, site-specific muscle loss at the abdomen, as evaluated by RAM, also may be a predictor of metabolic syndrome like SMI.
Collapse
|
6
|
Grasa MDM, Gulfo J, Camps N, Alcalá R, Monserrat L, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Ortega FJ, Esteve M, Remesar X, Fernández-López JA, Fernández-Real JM, Alemany M. Modulation of SHBG binding to testosterone and estradiol by sex and morbid obesity. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:393-404. [PMID: 28077498 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) binds and transports testosterone and estradiol in plasma. The possibility that SHBG is a mixture of transporting proteins has been postulated. We analyzed in parallel the effects of obesity status on the levels and binding capacity of circulating SHBG and their relationship with testosterone and estradiol. DESIGN Anthropometric measures and plasma were obtained from apparently healthy young (i.e. 35 ± 7 years) premenopausal women (n = 32) and men (n = 30), with normal weight and obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2). METHODS SHBG protein (Western blot), as well as the plasma levels of testosterone, estradiol, cortisol and insulin (ELISA) were measured. Specific binding of estradiol and testosterone to plasma SHBG was analyzed using tritium-labeled hormones. RESULTS Significant differences in SHBG were observed within the obesity status and gender, with discordant patterns of change in testosterone and estradiol. In men, testosterone occupied most of the binding sites. Estrogen binding was much lower in all subjects. Lower SHBG of morbidly obese (BMI >40 kg/m2) subjects affected testosterone but not estradiol. The ratio of binding sites to SHBG protein levels was constant for testosterone, but not for estradiol. The influence of gender was maximal in morbid obesity, with men showing the highest binding/SHBG ratios. CONCLUSIONS The results reported here are compatible with SHBG being a mixture of at least two functionally different hormone-binding globulins, being affected by obesity and gender and showing different structure, affinities for testosterone and estradiol and also different immunoreactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Del Mar Grasa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine; Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Obesity and NutritionBarcelona/Girona, Spain
| | - José Gulfo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine; Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Camps
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine; Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Alcalá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine; Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Monserrat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine; Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- University Hospital 'Dr. Josep Trueta'Girona, Spain
- Girona Institute of Biomedical Researchand Hospital of Girona 'Dr. Josep Trueta', Spain
- CIBER Obesity and NutritionBarcelona/Girona, Spain
| | - Francisco José Ortega
- University Hospital 'Dr. Josep Trueta'Girona, Spain
- Girona Institute of Biomedical Researchand Hospital of Girona 'Dr. Josep Trueta', Spain
- CIBER Obesity and NutritionBarcelona/Girona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Esteve
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine; Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Obesity and NutritionBarcelona/Girona, Spain
| | - Xavier Remesar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine; Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Obesity and NutritionBarcelona/Girona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Fernández-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine; Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Obesity and NutritionBarcelona/Girona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- University Hospital 'Dr. Josep Trueta'Girona, Spain
- Girona Institute of Biomedical Researchand Hospital of Girona 'Dr. Josep Trueta', Spain
- CIBER Obesity and NutritionBarcelona/Girona, Spain
| | - Marià Alemany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine; Faculty of BiologyUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Obesity and NutritionBarcelona/Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Freitas WM, Carvalho LSF, Moura FA, Sposito AC. Atherosclerotic disease in octogenarians: A challenge for science and clinical practice. Atherosclerosis 2012; 225:281-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
8
|
Zhang H, Liu Y, Wang L, Li Z, Zhang H, Wu J, Rahman N, Guo Y, Li D, Li N, Huhtaniemi I, Tsang SY, Gao GF, Li X. Differential effects of estrogen/androgen on the prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the male rat. J Lipid Res 2012; 54:345-57. [PMID: 23175777 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m028969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to clarify the distinct contributions of estrogen/estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen/androgen receptor (AR) signaling and their reciprocal effects on the regulation of hepatic lipid homeostasis. We studied the molecular mechanisms underlying the preventive effects of estradiol (E2), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or E2+DHT on high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in an orchidectomized Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model. E2 is shown to be associated with decreased fatty acid synthesis in hepatic zone 3-specific manner by increasing the phosphorylation of acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase via an ERα-mediated pathway. DHT is shown to be associated with decreased lipid accumulation and cholesterol synthesis in a hepatic zone 1-specific manner by increasing expression of carnitine palmitotyltransferase1 and phosphorylation of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase via an AR-mediated pathway. E2+DHT showed an additive positive effect and normalized all three impaired zones of the liver. Gene expression changes in human severe liver steatosis were similar to those of experimental rat NAFLD. Steroids reversed the histopathological NAFLD changes, likely by decreasing fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and increasing β-oxidation. The diverse steroid effects (ER/AR) on NAFLD prevention in male rats indicate the potential applicability of ER/AR modulators for NAFLD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tvarijonaviciute A, Martinez-Subiela S, Carrillo-Sanchez JD, Tecles F, Ceron JJ. Effects of Orchidectomy in Selective Biochemical Analytes in Beagle Dogs. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:957-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
10
|
Testosterone and coronary artery disease in men. Maturitas 2010; 67:15-9. [PMID: 20447781 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cardiovascular cause of death, and in men, endogenous testosterone concentrations are inversely related to the extent and severity of CAD. Testosterone is known to affect a number of risk factors for CAD and has effects on vascular tone, vasoreactivity and blood flow of blood vessels beyond the reproductive system, indicating that testosterone may be involved in the pathogenesis of CAD. In this review we will present and discuss the actions of endogenous testosterone and testosterone treatment on risk factors for CAD, on the blood vessel wall and blood flow, and on atheroma development and progression, and discuss the potential for testosterone use in men with CAD.
Collapse
|
11
|
Srinivasan M, Irving BA, Frye RL, O'Brien P, Hartman SJ, McConnell JP, Nair KS. Effects on lipoprotein particles of long-term dehydroepiandrosterone in elderly men and women and testosterone in elderly men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:1617-25. [PMID: 20139233 PMCID: PMC2853990 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although age-related declines in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and testosterone are associated with cardiovascular risk, it remains to be determined whether replacement of these hormones improves cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE This study sought to determine the effect of long-term replacement of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in elderly men and women and testosterone in elderly men on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and particle sizes. METHODS A 2-yr randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was conducted in 87 elderly men with low levels of DHEAS and bioavailable testosterone and 57 elderly women with low levels of DHEAS. Among elderly men, 29 received DHEA (75 mg/d), 27 received testosterone (5 mg/d), and 31 received placebo. Among the elderly women, 27 received DHEA (50 mg/d), and 30 received placebo. Baseline lipoprotein profiles in the elderly were compared to healthy younger participants. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particle sizes and concentrations were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS The elderly had higher concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, total LDL particles, and small, dense LDL particles than the young. In men, neither DHEA nor testosterone affected LDL or HDL particle concentrations. In women, DHEA reduced HDL cholesterol [median difference (95% confidence intervals), -5.0 (-8.0, -2.0) mg/dl; P = 0.002] and the number of large HDL particles [-1.0 (-1.8, -0.2) micromol/liter; P = 0.003]. CONCLUSIONS Long-term DHEA and testosterone had no significant effect on plasma lipoproteins in elderly men, but elderly women showed a lowering of the large HDL particles that may have potential adverse clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Srinivasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Goncharov A, Rej R, Negoita S, Schymura M, Santiago-Rivera A, Morse G, Carpenter DO. Lower serum testosterone associated with elevated polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in Native American men. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2009; 117:1454-60. [PMID: 19750113 PMCID: PMC2737025 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0800134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated pesticides are endocrine disruptors, altering both thyroid and estrogen hormonal systems. Less is known of action on androgenic systems. OBJECTIVE We studied the relationship between serum concentrations of testosterone in relation to levels of PCBs and three chlorinated pesticides in an adult Native American (Mohawk) population. METHODS We collected fasting serum samples from 703 adult Mohawks (257 men and 436 women) and analyzed samples for 101 PCB congeners, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and mirex, as well as testosterone, cholesterol, and triglycerides. The associations between testosterone and tertiles of serum organochlorine levels (both wet weight and lipid adjusted) were assessed using a logistic regression model while controlling for age, body mass index (BMI), and other analytes, with the lowest tertile being considered the referent. Males and females were considered separately. RESULTS Testosterone concentrations in males were inversely correlated with total PCB concentration, whether using wet-weight or lipid-adjusted values. The odds ratio (OR) of having a testosterone concentration above the median was 0.17 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.05-0.69] for total wet-weight PCBs (highest vs. lowest tertile) after adjustment for age, BMI, total serum lipids, and three pesticides. The OR for lipid-adjusted total PCB concentration was 0.23 (95% CI, 0.06-0.78) after adjustment for other analytes. Testosterone levels were significantly and inversely related to concentrations of PCBs 74, 99, 153, and 206, but not PCBs 52, 105, 118, 138, 170, 180, 201, or 203. Testosterone concentrations in females are much lower than in males, and not significantly related to serum PCBs. HCB, DDE, and mirex were not associated with testosterone concentration in either men or women. CONCLUSIONS Elevation in serum PCB levels is associated with a lower concentration of serum testosterone in Native American men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Rej
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA
- Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Serban Negoita
- New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
| | - Maria Schymura
- New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and
| | - Azara Santiago-Rivera
- Department of Education and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Gayle Morse
- Department of Education and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | - David O. Carpenter
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Partial androgen deficiency, depression and testosterone treatment in aging men. Aging Clin Exp Res 2009; 21:1-8. [PMID: 19225262 DOI: 10.1007/bf03324891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study provides a critical review of the literature on depressive symptoms of partial androgen deficiency (PADAM) and their treatment with Testosterone (T). PADAM in aging males is responsible for a variety of behavioral symptoms, such as weakness, decreased libido and erectile dysfunction, lower psychological vitality, depressive mood, anxiety, insomnia, difficulty in concentrating, and memory impairment. The psychological and behavioural aspects of PADAM may overlap with signs and symptoms of major depression. Evidence of the relationship between androgen deficiency and male depression comes from studies that have assessed depression in hypogonadal subjects, the association between low T level and male depressive illness, and the antidepressant action of androgen replacement. The etiology of depressive symptoms of PADAM is multifactorial, and results from the interaction of the biological and psychosocial changes that take place during the mid-life transition. Although data derived from androgen treatment trials and androgen replacement do not support T treatment or replacement as more efficacious than placebo for major depressive disorder (MDD), the clinical impression is that, in some sub-threshold depressive syndromes, T may lead to antidepressant benefits.
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Testosterone levels among men with spinal cord injury: relationship between time since injury and laboratory values. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2008; 87:758-67. [PMID: 18716488 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0b013e3181837f4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of the present study were to determine the prevalence of low testosterone among a sample of men with spinal cord injury and to examine the relationship among testosterone, time since injury, and select laboratory values. DESIGN Participants were 102 men with spinal cord injury participating in inpatient or outpatient rehabilitation. Data included total serum testosterone level, demographic and injury information, and laboratory values. RESULTS Sixty percent of men with spinal cord injury had low testosterone levels. The median testosterone level for the entire sample was 220 ng/dl (normal reference range = 241-827 ng/dl). Low testosterone was significantly associated with less time since injury, lower hemoglobin, and higher prolactin in the univariate analyses at P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that men with spinal cord injury are at risk for low serum testosterone. Testosterone levels were also related to time since injury and hemoglobin and prolactin levels. These findings suggest the need for changes to occur in clinical practice. Guidelines are needed for when and how often testosterone monitoring should be conducted. Future research should address the pathophysiology of low testosterone and the outcomes of testosterone treatment.
Collapse
|
16
|
Nelson CJ, Lee JS, Gamboa MC, Roth AJ. Cognitive effects of hormone therapy in men with prostate cancer: a review. Cancer 2008; 113:1097-106. [PMID: 18666210 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men who receive androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer experience several side effects from this treatment. A few recent studies have examined the cognitive implications of ADT and how they impact a patient's treatment decision-making, occupational pursuits, and quality of life. For this report, the authors explored possible mechanisms for this association, reviewed research in animal studies and aging men, and examined the growing literature focused on the relation between ADT and cognitive functioning in patients with prostate cancer. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Information Sciences Institute Web of Knowledge-Web of Science databases to identify relevant studies that investigated the relation between ADT in men with prostate cancer and its cognitive effects. RESULTS Testosterone and its derivatives may have an impact on cognition through several mechanisms in the brain, as supported by studies of animals and in aging men. Studies that researched the impact of ADT on cognition in patients with prostate cancer patients were designed relatively well but suffered from small sample sizes. Between 47% and 69% of men on ADT declined in at least 1 cognitive area, most commonly in visuospatial abilities and executive functioning. Some studies reported contradictory results with increased functioning in verbal memory. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong argument that androgen-ablation therapy is linked to subtle but significant cognitive declines in men with prostate cancer. The authors believe that clinicians should become aware of this correlation as the use of ADT increases and should inform and monitor patients for this possible side effect of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10022, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Brand TC, Canby-Hagino E, Thompson IM. Testosterone replacement therapy and prostate cancer: A word of caution. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-008-0006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Johnson RT, Burk JA, Kirkpatrick LA. Dominance and prestige as differential predictors of aggression and testosterone levels in men. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
20
|
Increased blood pressure, vascular inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in androgen-deficient follitropin receptor knockout male mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 1:353-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2007.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
21
|
Tang W, Norlin M, Wikvall K. Regulation of human CYP27A1 by estrogens and androgens in HepG2 and prostate cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 462:13-20. [PMID: 17482558 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of the human CYP27A1 gene by estrogens and androgens was studied in human liver-derived HepG2 and prostate cells. Our results show that the promoter activity, enzymatic activity and mRNA levels of CYP27A1 in HepG2 cells are downregulated by estrogen in presence of ERalpha or ERbeta. Similar effects by estrogen were found in RWPE-1 prostate cells. In contrast, estrogen markedly upregulated the transcriptional activity of CYP27A1 in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. 5alpha-Dihydrotestosterone and androgen receptor upregulated the transcriptional activity of CYP27A1 in HepG2 cells. Progressive deletion experiments indicate that the ERbeta-mediated effects in HepG2 and LNCaP cells are conferred to the same region (-451/+42) whereas ERalpha-mediated effects on this promoter are more complex. The results indicate that the stimulating effect of androgen in HepG2 cells is conferred to a region upstream from -792 in the CYP27A1 promoter. In summary, we have identified the human CYP27A1 gene as a target for estrogens and androgens. The results imply that expression of CYP27A1 may be affected by endogenous sex hormones and pharmacological compounds with estrogenic or androgenic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanjin Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Brand TC, Canby-Hagino E, Thompson IM. Testosterone replacement therapy and prostate cancer: A word of caution. Curr Urol Rep 2007; 8:185-9. [PMID: 17459266 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-007-0004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The number of men for whom testosterone is prescribed is rapidly increasing. The aging man normally demonstrates a gradual decline in testosterone. Symptoms of hypogonadism include erectile dysfunction, diminished libido, sarcopenia, increased adiposity, osteopenia and osteoporosis, impaired cognition, and depression. There is a paucity of data regarding both efficacy and safety of testosterone replacement therapy. Testosterone levels have been shown to modulate prostate cancer risk and progression. A prospective evaluation of prostate cancer risk with testosterone replacement therapy has not been conducted. We outline concerns and recommendations for the use of testosterone replacement therapy in the aging man.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Brand
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Intramuscular testosterone undecanoate for the treatment of male hypogonadism–review of recent data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmhg.2006.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
24
|
Alexandersen P, Tankó LB, Bagger YZ, Jespersen J, Skouby SO, Christiansen C. Associations between aortic calcification and components of body composition in elderly men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2006; 14:1571-8. [PMID: 17030968 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2006.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations among body composition, cardiovascular risk factors, and atherosclerosis in middle-aged and elderly men for the identification of potential pathogenic links. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES The study included 168 white men 44 to 86 years old. Severity of aortic calcification (AC) was graded on lateral radiographs, and body fat and lean mass were measured by DXA. Information on demographic and lifestyle characteristics also was gathered. RESULTS A strong and independent inverse association was found between AC and peripheral lean mass (PLM), even after adjusting for age and BMI (p < 0.05). Independently of the influence of PLM, AC was directly correlated with truncal fat mass (p < 0.05). Furthermore, AC was inversely associated with tertiles of the free androgen index (p < 0.05). In a multiple regression model, age and serum cholesterol (p < 0.01) contributed directly, and truncal fat mass tended also to contribute directly (p = 0.09), whereas PLM contributed borderline inversely (p = 0.06) to the variation of AC (R = 0.635, p < 0.0001). DISCUSSION Severity of AC is strongly dependent on age and further modulated by an array of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Sarcopenia and truncal fat mass are reciprocal correlates of atherosclerosis of borderline statistical significance in multivariate models. To clarify whether sarcopenia is an atherogenic risk factor or rather a parallel consequence of low-grade inflammation also promoting atherogenic trends, further longitudinal studies in larger sample sizes of men and women are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Alexandersen
- Center for Clinical and Basic Research A/S, Ballerup Byvej 222, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schopp LH, Clark M, Mazurek MO, Hagglund KJ, Acuff ME, Sherman AK, Childers MK. Testosterone Levels Among Men with Spinal Cord Injury Admitted to Inpatient Rehabilitation. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2006; 85:678-84; quiz 685-7. [PMID: 16865023 DOI: 10.1097/01.phm.0000228617.94079.4a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although previous research has shown an association between spinal cord injury (SCI) and testosterone production, these studies have yielded inconsistent results. The present study documented the prevalence of low testosterone among men with SCI. DESIGN Participants were 92 men with SCI participating in inpatient rehabilitation. Data included total serum testosterone level, demographic and injury information, neurologic level and degree of incomplete function, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade, and additional laboratory values, including prealbumin, albumin, hematocrit, and aspartate aminotransferase. RESULTS The median testosterone level for men who sustained injuries <4 mos earlier was 160 ng/dl. Testosterone categories were significantly associated with age, time since injury, hematocrit, albumin level, and aspartate aminotransferase in the univariate analyses. Age, time since injury, and hematocrit levels were significant predictors of low testosterone in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION The prevalence of low testosterone among men with acute SCI seems to be high. The results suggest the need for routine screening for low testosterone among men with SCI and consideration given to testosterone replacement therapy. Future research is needed to investigate the etiology, pathogenesis, and potential avenues for treatment of low testosterone among men with SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura H Schopp
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Casquero AC, Berti JA, Salerno AG, Bighetti EJB, Cazita PM, Ketelhuth DFJ, Gidlund M, Oliveira HCF. Atherosclerosis is enhanced by testosterone deficiency and attenuated by CETP expression in transgenic mice. J Lipid Res 2006; 47:1526-34. [PMID: 16603720 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600135-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the impact of testosterone deficiency and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) expression on lipoprotein metabolism and diet-induced atherosclerosis. CETP transgenic mice and nontransgenic (nTg) littermates were studied 4 weeks after bilateral orchidectomy or sham operation. Castrated mice had an increase in the LDL fraction (+36% for CETP and +79% for nTg mice), whereas the HDL fraction was reduced (-30% for CETP and -11% for nTg mice). Castrated mice presented 1.7-fold higher titers of anti-oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) antibodies than sham-operated controls. Plasma levels of CETP, lipoprotein lipase, and hepatic lipase were not changed by castration. Kinetic studies showed no differences in VLDL secretion rate, VLDL-LDL conversion rate, or number of LDL and HDL receptors. Competition experiments showed lower affinity of LDL from castrated mice for tissue receptors. Diet-induced atherosclerosis studies showed that testosterone deficiency increased by 100%, and CETP expression reduced by 44%, the size of aortic lesion area in castrated mice. In summary, testosterone deficiency increased plasma levels of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (apoB-LPs) and anti-OxLDL antibodies, decreased LDL receptor affinity, and doubled the size of diet-induced atherosclerotic lesions. The expression of CETP led to a milder increase of apoB-LPs and reduced atherosclerotic lesion size in testosterone-deficient mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Casquero
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pasquali R. Obesity and androgens: facts and perspectives. Fertil Steril 2006; 85:1319-40. [PMID: 16647374 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review discusses androgen status in male and female obesity, according to their specific phenotype, and the main mechanisms responsible. DESIGN Published data in the literature of the last 20 years represented the basis of most of the data and concepts incorporated in the review. RESULT(S) Obesity is associated with profound alterations in androgen secretion, transport, metabolism, and action, according to a dichotomous behavior depending on sex. Obese men are characterized by a progressive decrease of testosterone levels with increasing body weight, whereas obese women, particularly those with the abdominal phenotype, tend to develop a condition of functional hyperandrogenism. Reduced sex hormone-binding globulin synthesis and circulating blood levels represent the sole common mechanism which is responsible in both sexes. Among other still partially undefined factors, mechanisms potentially responsible for the sex dichotomy in androgen levels involve specific alterations of gonadotropin secretion, estrogens, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, leptin, androgen receptors, specific steroidogenic enzymes in the peripheral tissues, and, possibly, ghrelin. In both sexes, androgens play an important role in determining the sex-dependent pattern of body fat distribution. Moreover there are theoretical possibilities that low testosterone in men and high free testosterone fraction in women may play a role in the development of the metabolic syndrome. This is exemplified by the well defined association between obesity and other features of the metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and in hypogonadal men. The effects of androgen and antiandrogens in obese men and women also represent arguments in favor of this association. CONCLUSION(S) Given the fundamental role of sex hormones in the regulation of body composition, fuel homeostasis, and reproduction in humans, more emphasis should be placed on the potential role of androgen dysregulation in the pathophysiology of different obesity phenotypes and the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Pasquali
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Male hypogonadism is one of the most common endocrinologic syndromes. The diagnosis is based on clinical signs and symptoms plus laboratory confirmation via the measurement of low morning testosterone levels on two different occasions. Serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels distinguish between primary (hypergonadotropic) and secondary (hypogonadotropic) hypogonadism. Hypogonadism associated with aging (andropause) may present a mixed picture, with low testosterone levels and low to low-normal gonadotropin levels. Androgen replacement therapy in hypogonadal men has many potential benefits: improved sexual function, an enhanced sense of well-being, increased lean body mass, decreased body fat, and increased bone density. However, it also carries potential risks, including the possibility of stimulating the growth of an occult prostate cancer. The benefits of androgen therapy outweigh the risks in men with classic hypogonadism. However, for men with mild hypogonadism or andropause, the balance between benefits and risks is not always clear. Unfortunately, studies to date have included too small a number of patients and have been too short in duration to provide meaningful data on the long-term risks versus the benefits of androgen replacement therapy in these populations. Several products are currently marketed for the treatment of male hypogonadism. Weekly-to-biweekly injections of testosterone cypionate (cipionate) or testosterone enanthate (enantate) are widely used, as they are economical and generally well tolerated. However, once-daily transdermal therapies have become increasingly popular and now include both patch and gel systems. Intramuscular injection of testosterone undecanoate is an attractive new therapy that can be administered quarterly. To confirm an adequate replacement dosage, assessment of clinical responses and measurement of serum testosterone levels generally suffice. For selected men, serial measurement of bone mineral density during androgen therapy might be helpful to confirm end-organ effects. For men aged >50 years, we advocate measurement of hematocrit for detection of polycythemia and a digital rectal examination with a serum prostate-specific antigen level measurement for prostate cancer screening during the first few months of androgen therapy. Subsequently, a hematocrit should be obtained yearly or after changes in therapy, and annual prostate cancer screening can be offered to the patient after a discussion of its risks and benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Darby
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98108, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Soung DY, Chung HY, Rhee SH, Park KY. Age-Related Male Osteoporosis, and Soy, Its Alternative Therapy - Review-. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2005.10.3.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
30
|
Galobardes B, Davey Smith G, Jeffreys M, Kinra S, McCarron P. Acne in adolescence and cause-specific mortality: lower coronary heart disease but higher prostate cancer mortality: the Glasgow Alumni Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 161:1094-101. [PMID: 15937017 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwi147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen level or androgen activity is implicated in several health outcomes, but its independent role remains controversial. This study investigated the association between history of acne in young adulthood, a marker of hormone activity, and cause-specific mortality in the Glasgow Alumni Cohort Study. Male students who attended Glasgow University between 1948 and 1968 and participated in voluntary health checks reported history of acne (n = 11,232). Vital status has been traced, and risk factors in adulthood are known for about 50% of the participants. Those with a history of acne were more often nonsmokers while university students and tended to be from a lower socioeconomic position. The two groups did not differ in other adolescent (height, body mass index, blood pressure, and number of siblings) or in most adult risk factors. Students who reported a history of acne had a lower risk of all-cause (hazard ratio = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76, 1.04) and coronary heart disease (hazard ratio = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.94) mortality but had some evidence of a higher risk of prostate cancer mortality (hazard ratio = 1.67, 95% CI: 0.79, 3.55). This study shows that androgen activity during adolescence may protect against coronary heart disease but confer a higher risk of prostate cancer mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Galobardes
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2PR, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|