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Elkomy HS, Koshich II, Mahmoud SF, Abo-Samaha MI. Use of lactulose as a prebiotic in laying hens: its effect on growth, egg production, egg quality, blood biochemistry, digestive enzymes, gene expression and intestinal morphology. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:207. [PMID: 37845670 PMCID: PMC10578020 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising popularity of eggs as an alternative source of protein to meat has led to significant increase in egg consumption over the past decade. To meet the increasing demand for eggs, poultry farmers have used antibiotics to treat infections and, to some extent, promote growth and egg production in raising layer. However, the emergence and global spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria has now necessitated antibiotic-free poultry farming. As alternatives to antibiotics, prebiotics are feed additives that can be used to improve the growth and laying performance of poultry which positively impacts their performance and general health. In this study we evaluated the effect of lactulose, formulated as Vetelact, on body weight, egg production, egg quality, blood biochemical parameters and expression of genes associated with reproductive performance in laying hens. RESULTS Vetelact supplementation improved egg weight, egg production as well as egg quality. Following Vetalact supplementation, the levels of total bilirubin, total protein, globulin and phosphorus were increased, while the activities of alkaline phosphatase and lipase enzymes were increased compared to control. Vetelact at 0.10 ml/kg body weight upregulated OCX-36, OVAL, CALB1, OC-116, OCX-32 and IL8 transcripts while downregulating the transcription of Gal-10, PENK and AvBD9. At this optimal inclusion rate of Vetalect, histomorphologic analyses of intestinal tissue showed increased villi length with more goblet cell distribution and obvious mucus covering a surface, increase in the depth of intestinal crypts produce digestive enzymes, as well as more developed muscle layer that promote improved nutrient absorption. CONCLUSION Vetelact at a dose of 0.10 ml/ kg body weight was effective in improving productive performance of laying hens. Adding lactulose (0.10 ml/ kg body weight) to layer diet is recommended to promote growth and improve egg laying performance in antibiotics-free poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Elkomy
- Poultry Breeding and Production, Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Beheira, 22758, Egypt
- Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology Named After K.I. Skryabin, 23, Academician Skryabin Street, Moscow, 109472, Russia
| | - Ivan I Koshich
- Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology Named After K.I. Skryabin, 23, Academician Skryabin Street, Moscow, 109472, Russia
| | - Sahar F Mahmoud
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhur, 22511, Egypt
| | - Magda I Abo-Samaha
- Poultry Breeding and Production, Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Beheira, 22758, Egypt.
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Biswas A, Mohan N, Raza M, Mir NA, Mandal A. Production performance, immune response and blood biochemical parameters in broiler chickens fed diet incorporated with prebiotics. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:493-500. [PMID: 30723948 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to identify the suitable replacer of broiler feed antibiotics with prebiotics (mannan oligosaccharides-MOS or fructooligosaccharide-FOS). Two hundred and forty (240)-day-old chicks were randomly divided into 30 groups (6 treatments x 5 replicates/treatment x 8 chicks/replicate). Six experimental diets T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 , T5 and T6 were formulated to contain an additional 0, antibiotic, that is, bacitracin methylene di-salicylate (BMD) @20 mg/kg, MOS (0.1% and 0.2%) and FOS (0.1% and 0.2%) respectively. Body weight gain was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in MOS-0.2% supplemented group at 0-21 d and 0-42 d of broiler chicken. Humoral and in vivo cell-mediated immune response were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in BMD, MOS @0.1% or 0.2% treated group. Significant (p < 0.05) increase was recorded in total protein (except 21 d), albumin and aspartate amino transferase (AST) and decrease (p < 0.05) in alanine amino transferase (except 42 d), cholesterol and uric acid concentration. The weight of breast, thigh, back, drumstick bursa of Fabricius and thymus were higher (p < 0.05) in the birds given the MOS @0.2% (T4 ). It is concluded that MOS @0.2% may be suitable replacer of antibiotic growth promoter, and it has a beneficial effect on production performance, immune responses, blood biochemical parameters and cut up parts in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Biswas
- Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Namit Mohan
- Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Messam Raza
- Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Nasir Akbar Mir
- Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
| | - Asitbaran Mandal
- Avian Nutrition and Feed Technology Division, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, India
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Shao D, Wang Y, Huang Q, Shi J, Yang H, Pan Z, Jin M, Zhao H, Xu X. Cholesterol-Lowering Effects and Mechanisms in View of Bile Acid Pathway of Resveratrol and Resveratrol Glucuronides. J Food Sci 2016; 81:H2841-H2848. [PMID: 27735997 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (Res) was previously reported to be capable of lowering plasma TC and LDL-C. The mechanism behind Res is not clearly understood, although it is presumed to have an effect on bile acid metabolism in the liver: a significant way in eliminating cholesterol from the body. As one of the major metabolites of Res in the liver, resveratrol glucuronides (Gres) is suspected to also contribute to the overall cholestrol-lowering activity of Res, which needs to be studied. In this research, when HepG2 steatosis hepatic cells were treated with Res and Gres at different concentration levels, Res and Gres showed similar activity in lowering cellular TC content. The presence of Res and Gres caused a significant increase in hepatic CYP7A1 and BSEP, indicating the increase in the synthesis and efflux of bile acids, respectively. The reduction of HMG-CoAR tied to a decrease in de novo synthesis of cholesterol and the increase of ABCG5 suggested the increase of direct efflux of cholesterol. All above variations reduced the hepatic cholesterol level, which triggered the significant enhancement of LDLR, illustrating the improvement of clearance of LDL-C from the plasma and prevention of atherosclerosis. Overall, this study demonstrated both Res and Gres might have capabilities in lowering hepatic cholesterol through increasing in the synthesis and efflux of bile acids, and decreasing in synthesis and increasing in the efflux of cholesterol. Gres would have preferred potential than Res because of its lower cytotoxicity, which indicated that the action of the metabolites should also be considered in the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Shao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Junling Shi
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongli Pan
- Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Univ. of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical Univ, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, People's Republic of China
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Khan SH, Rehman A, Sardar R, Khawaja T. The effect of probiotic supplementation on the growth performance, blood biochemistry and immune response of reciprocal F1 crossbred (Rhode Island Red×Fayoumi) cockerels. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2013.792732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Purification, structure, lipid lowering and liver protecting effects of polysaccharide from Lachnum YM281. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 98:922-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhong Z, Zhang W, Du R, Meng H, Zhang H. Lactobacillus casei Zhang stimulates lipid metabolism in hypercholesterolemic rats by affecting gene expression in the liver. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Competitive solubilization of cholesterol and β-sitosterol with changing biliary lipid compositions in model intestinal solution. Chem Phys Lipids 2012; 165:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Khan SH, Yousaf B, Mian AA, Rehman A, Farooq MS. Assessing the effect of administering different probiotics in drinking water supplement on broiler performance, blood biochemistry and immune response. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2011.623783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Hassan Khan
- a Department of Livestock and Dairy Development , Poultry Research Institute , Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Burhan Yousaf
- b Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences , Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University , Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Ali Mian
- b Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences , Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University , Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- a Department of Livestock and Dairy Development , Poultry Research Institute , Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sabir Farooq
- a Department of Livestock and Dairy Development , Poultry Research Institute , Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
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Srivastava RAK. Evaluation of anti-atherosclerotic activities of PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, and LXR agonists in hyperlipidemic atherosclerosis-susceptible F1B hamsters. Atherosclerosis 2011; 214:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Khan SH, Hasan S, Sardar R, Dil S. Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic on the performance of F1 crossbred (Rhode Island red male × Fayoumi female) cockerels. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2010; 95:523-32. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Lecker JL, Matthan NR, Billheimer JT, Rader DJ, Lichtenstein AH. Impact of dietary fat type within the context of altered cholesterol homeostasis on cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in the F1B hamster. Metabolism 2010; 59:1491-501. [PMID: 20197195 PMCID: PMC2891578 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol status and dietary fat alter several metabolic pathways reflected in lipoprotein profiles. To assess plasma lipoprotein response and mechanisms by which cholesterol and dietary fat type regulate expression of genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism, we developed an experimental model system using F1B hamsters fed diets (12 weeks) enriched in 10% (wt/wt) coconut, olive, or safflower oil with either high cholesterol (0.1%; cholesterol supplemented) or low cholesterol coupled with cholesterol-lowering drugs 10 days before killing (0.01% cholesterol, 0.15% lovastatin, 2% cholestyramine; cholesterol depleted). Irrespective of dietary fat, cholesterol depletion, relative to supplementation, resulted in lower plasma non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) and HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations (all Ps < .05). In the liver, these differences were associated with higher sterol regulatory element binding protein-2, low-density lipoprotein receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, and 7α-hydroxylase messenger RNA (mRNA) levels; higher scavenger receptor B1 and apolipoprotein A-I mRNA and protein levels; lower apolipoprotein E protein levels; and in intestine, modestly lower sterol transporters adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) A1, ABCG5, and ABCG8 mRNA levels. Irrespective of cholesterol status, coconut oil, relative to olive and safflower oils, resulted in higher non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations (both Ps < .05) and modestly higher sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 mRNA levels. These data suggest that, in F1B hamsters, differences in plasma lipoprotein profiles in response to cholesterol depletion are associated with changes in the expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism, whereas the effect of dietary fat type on gene expression was modest, which limits the usefulness of the experimental animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime L. Lecker
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston MA
| | - Nirupa R. Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston MA
| | - Jeffrey T. Billheimer
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Corresponding author. Alice H. Lichtenstein, DSc., JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111. Tel. 617-556-3127.
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Ashayerizadeh A, Dabiri N, Ashayerizadeh O, Mirzadeh KH, Roshanfekr H, Mamooee M. Effect of dietary antibiotic, probiotic and prebiotic as growth promoters, on growth performance, carcass characteristics and hematological indices of broiler chickens. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 12:52-7. [PMID: 19579918 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2009.52.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted for comparison the effects of antibiotic (flavomycin), probiotic (primalac), prebiotic (Biolex-MB) and mixture ofprobiotic and prebiotic (primalac plus Biolex-MB) as dietary growth promoter on growth performance, carcass characteristics and hematological indices of broiler chickens. Three hundred day old Ross 308 broilers were equally distributed into 30 floor pens and reared for 42 day. A basal diet was formulated covering the recommendations of NRC (1994) for starter (0-21 days) and grower (22-42 days) periods and considered as control diet. Four tested diets were formulated by supplemented the basal control diet with antibiotic (flavomycin), probiotic (primalac), prebiotic (Biolex-MB) and mixture ofprimalac plus Biolex-MB, respectively. Six replicates were used for each treatment. The results of present study showed that all growth promoters used was improved growth indices of Ross 308 broilers. The highest significant (p<0.05) values of carcass and thigh were recorded for broilers fed diet supplemented with flavomycin. The highest (p>0.05) value of breast was recorded for broilers fed the diet supplemented with primalac, meanwhile the lower value were showed for birds fed either diet or diet supplemented with Biolex-MB. The percent of carcass and cuts followed the same trend. Hematological parameter including cholesterol was recorded the highest (p>0.05) values groups fed the diets either control or supplemented with flavomycin, meanwhile the lower value was showed for bird fed diet supplemented primalac plus Biolex-MB. Triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) were recorded the highest concentration for bird fed both control and diet supplemented with flavomycin groups while least concentration was found for bird fed diet supplemented with primalac. The results of present study revealed that probiotic and prebiotic as growth promoters can use as alternatives non-antibiotic feed additives to their free harmful side effects on the consumers and to improve broiler chickens growth indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ashayerizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran
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RamasamyKalavathy, Abdullah N, Jalaludin S, Wong MC, Ho YW. Effects ofLactobacillusfeed supplementation on cholesterol, fat content and fatty acid composition of the liver, muscle and carcass of broiler chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1051/animres:2005043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wilson TA, Nicolosi RJ, Kotyla T, Sundram K, Kritchevsky D. Different palm oil preparations reduce plasma cholesterol concentrations and aortic cholesterol accumulation compared to coconut oil in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. J Nutr Biochem 2005; 16:633-40. [PMID: 16081272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2005] [Revised: 03/21/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported on the effect of refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil (RBD-PO) incorporation into the diet on blood cholesterol concentrations and on the development of atherosclerosis. However, very little work has been reported on the influence of red palm oil (RPO), which is higher in carotenoid and tocopherol content than RBD-PO. Thus, we studied the influence of RPO, RBD-PO and a RBD-PO plus red palm oil extract (reconstituted RBD-PO) on plasma cholesterol concentrations and aortic accumulation vs. hamsters fed coconut oil. Forty-eight F1B Golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) (BioBreeders, Watertown, MA) were group housed (three/cage) in hanging polystyrene cages with bedding in an air-conditioned facility maintained on a 12-h light/dark cycle. The hamsters were fed a chow-based hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) containing 10% coconut oil and 0.1% cholesterol for 2 weeks at which time they were bled after an overnight fast and segregated into four groups of 12 with similar plasma cholesterol concentrations. Group 1 continued on the HCD, Group 2 was fed the HCD containing 10% RPO in place of coconut oil, Group 3 was fed the HCD containing 10% RBD-PO in place of coconut oil and Group 4 was fed the HCD with 10% reconstituted RBD-PO for an additional 10 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol (TC) and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (very low- and low-density lipoprotein) concentrations were significantly lower in the hamsters fed the RPO (-42% and -48%), RBD-PO (-32% and -36%) and the reconstituted RBD-PO (-37% and -41%) compared to the coconut oil-fed hamsters. Plasma HDL-C concentrations were significantly higher by 14% and 31% in hamsters fed the RBD-PO and RPO compared to the coconut oil-fed hamsters. Plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations were significantly lower in hamsters fed RBD-PO (-32%) and the reconstituted RBD-PO (-31%) compared to the coconut oil-fed hamsters. The plasma gamma-tocopherol concentrations were higher in the coconut oil-fed hamsters compared to the hamsters fed the RPO (60%), RBD-PO (42%) and the reconstituted RBD-PO (49%), while for plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations, the coconut oil-fed hamsters were significantly higher than only the RPO-fed hamsters (21%). The coconut oil-fed hamsters also had significantly higher plasma lipid hydroperoxide concentrations compared to RBD-PO (112%) and the reconstituted RBD-PO (485%). The hamsters fed the coconut oil diet excreted significantly more fecal total neutral sterols and cholesterol compared to the hamsters fed the RBD-PO (158% and 167%, respectively). The coconut oil-fed hamsters had significantly higher levels of aortic total, free and esterified cholesterol compared to the hamsters fed the RPO (74%, 50% and 225%, respectively), RBD-PO (57%, 48% and 92%, respectively) and the reconstituted RBD-PO (111%, 94% and 94%, respectively). Also, aortic free/ester cholesterol ratio in the aortas of hamsters fed RPO was significantly higher than in those fed the coconut oil (124%). In conclusion, hamsters fed the three palm oil preparations had lower plasma TC and non-HDL-C and higher HDL-C concentrations while accumulating less aortic cholesterol concentrations compared to hamsters fed coconut oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Wilson
- Department of Health and Clinical Sciences, Center for Health and Disease Research, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854-5125, USA
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Kritchevsky D, Tepper SA, Wright S, Czarnecki SK, Wilson TA, Nicolosi RJ. Conjugated linoleic acid isomer effects in atherosclerosis: Growth and regression of lesions. Lipids 2004; 39:611-6. [PMID: 15588017 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-004-1273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of octadecadienoic acid, has been shown to inhibit experimentally induced atherosclerosis in rabbits and also to cause significant regression of pre-established atheromatous lesions in rabbits. The two major CLA isomers (cis9,trans11 and trans10,cis12), now available at 90% purity, have been tested individually for their anti-atherogenic or lesion regression potency. The two major isomers and the mixture were fed for 90 d to rabbits fed 0.2% cholesterol. Atherosclerosis was inhibited significantly by all three preparations. The two CLA isomers and the isomer mix were also fed (1.0%) as part of a cholesterol-free diet for 90 d to rabbits bearing atheromatous lesions produced by feeding an atherogenic diet. A fourth group was maintained on a cholesterol-free diet. On the CLA-free diet atherosclerosis was exacerbated by 35%. Reduction of severity of atheromatous lesions was observed to the same extent in all three CLA-fed groups. The average reduction of severity in the three CLA-fed groups was 26 +/- 2% compared with the first control (atherogenic diet) and 46 +/- 1% compared with the regression diet. Insofar as individual effects on atherosclerosis were concerned, there was no difference between the CLA mix and the cis9,trans11 and trans10,cis12 isomers. They inhibit atherogenesis by 50% when fed as a component of a semipurified diet containing 0.2% cholesterol; and when fed as part of a cholesterol-free diet, they reduce established lesions by 26%. Reduction of atheromata to the observed extent by dietary means alone is noteworthy.
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Kritchevsky D, Tepper SA, Wright S, Czarnecki SK, Wilson TA, Nicolosi RJ. Cholesterol vehicle in experimental atherosclerosis 24: avocado oil. J Am Coll Nutr 2003; 22:52-5. [PMID: 12569114 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2003.10719275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine atherogenicity of avocado oil relative to saturated (coconut oil), monounsaturated (olive oil) and polyunsaturated (corn oil) fats. METHODS New Zealand White rabbits were fed a semipurified diet containing 0.2% cholesterol and 14% fat for 90 days. They were then necropsied and severity of atherosclerosis was determined visually. RESULTS Coconut oil was the most atherogenic fat. Corn oil was only slightly less atherogenic than either olive or avocado oils. Percentage of serum HDL cholesterol was highest in the rabbits fed the two monounsaturated fats. CONCLUSION Avocado oil is of the same order of atherogenicity as corn oil and olive oil.
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Delaney B, Nicolosi RJ, Wilson TA, Carlson T, Frazer S, Zheng GH, Hess R, Ostergren K, Haworth J, Knutson N. Beta-glucan fractions from barley and oats are similarly antiatherogenic in hypercholesterolemic Syrian golden hamsters. J Nutr 2003; 133:468-75. [PMID: 12566485 DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.2.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholesterol-lowering activities of oats and barley are commonly attributed to the beta-glucan fractions. Although beta-glucan is present in both grains and appears to be chemically similar, the effect of source on cholesterol-lowering activity has not been evaluated. In the present study, the antiatherogenic properties of beta-glucan concentrates from oats and barley were evaluated in Syrian golden F(1)B hamsters consuming a semipurified hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) containing cholesterol (0.15 g/100 g), hydrogenated coconut oil (20 g/100 g) and cellulose (15 g/100 g). After a 2-wk lead-in period, control hamsters were fed the HCD, whereas experimental hamsters consumed HCD formulated to include beta-glucan (2, 4, or 8 g/100 g) by addition of beta-glucan concentrate prepared from oats or barley at the expense of cellulose. Compared with control hamsters, dose-dependent decreases that were similar in magnitude in plasma total and LDL cholesterol concentrations were observed in hamsters fed beta-glucan from either source at wk 3, 6 and 9. Compared with controls, liver cholesterol concentrations were also reduced (P < 0.05) in hamsters consuming 8 g/100 g oat or barley beta-glucan. In agreement with previously proposed mechanisms, total fecal neutral sterol concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in hamsters consuming 8 g/100 g barley or oat beta-glucan. Aortic cholesterol ester concentrations were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in hamsters fed 8 g/100 g beta-glucan from barley or oats. Although aortic total cholesterol and cholesterol ester concentrations were significantly correlated with LDL cholesterol (r = 0.565, P < 0.004 and r = 0.706, P < 0.0001, respectively), this association could explain only half of the variability. This study demonstrated that the cholesterol-lowering potency of beta-glucan is approximately identical whether its origin was oats or barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Delaney
- Cargill Health and Food Technologies, Wayzata, MN 55391, USA
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Wilson TA, Idreis HM, Taylor CM, Nicolosi RJ. Whole fat rice bran reduces the development of early aortic atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic hamsters compared with wheat bran. Nutr Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(02)00438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Bile acids derived from cholesterol and oxysterols derived from cholesterol and bile acid synthesis pathways are signaling molecules that regulate cholesterol homeostasis in mammals. Many nuclear receptors play pivotal roles in the regulation of bile acid and cholesterol metabolism. Bile acids activate the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) to inhibit transcription of the gene for cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase, and stimulate excretion and transport of bile acids. Therefore, FXR is a bile acid sensor that protects liver from accumulation of toxic bile acids and xenobiotics. Oxysterols activate the liver orphan receptors (LXR) to induce cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and ATP-binding cassette family of transporters and thus promote reverse cholesterol transport from the peripheral tissues to the liver for degradation to bile acids. LXR also induces the sterol response element binding protein-1c that regulates lipogenesis. Therefore, FXR and LXR play critical roles in coordinate control of bile acid, cholesterol, and triglyceride metabolism to maintain lipid homeostasis. Nuclear receptors and bile acid/oxysterol-regulated genes are potential targets for developing drug therapies for lowering serum cholesterol and triglycerides and treating cardiovascular and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Y L Chiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio 44272, USA.
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Wilson TA, DeSimone AP, Romano CA, Nicolosi RJ. Corn fiber oil lowers plasma cholesterol levels and increases cholesterol excretion greater than corn oil and similar to diets containing soy sterols and soy stanols in hamsters. J Nutr Biochem 2000; 11:443-9. [PMID: 11091099 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(00)00103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to compare the cholesterol-lowering properties of corn fiber oil (CFO) to corn oil (CO), whether the addition of soy stanols or soy sterols to CO at similar levels in CFO would increase CO's cholesterol-lowering properties, and the mechanism(s) of action of these dietary ingredients. Fifty male Golden Syrian hamsters were divided into 5 groups of 10 hamsters each, based on similar plasma total cholesterol (TC) levels. The first group of hamsters was fed a chow-based hypercholesterolemic diet containing either 5% coconut oil + 0.24% cholesterol (coconut oil), 5% CO, 5% CFO, 5% CO + 0.6% soy sterols (sterol), or 5% CO + 0.6% soy stanols (stanol) in place of the coconut oil for 4 weeks. The stanol diet significantly inhibited the elevation of plasma TC compared to all other dietary treatments. Also, the CFO and sterol diets significantly inhibited the elevation of plasma TC compared to the CO and coconut oil diets. The CFO, sterol, and stanol diets significantly inhibited the elevation of plasma non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to the CO and coconut oil diets. The stanol diet significantly inhibited the elevation of plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to all other dietary treatments. The sterol diet significantly inhibited the elevation of plasma HDL-C compared to the CO and coconut oil diets, whereas the CFO diet significantly inhibited the elevation of plasma HDL-C compared to the coconut oil diet only. No differences were observed between the CFO and CO for plasma HDL-C. There were no differences observed between groups for plasma triglycerides. The CO and CFO diets had significantly less hepatic TC compared to the coconut oil, sterol, and stanol diets. The CO and CFO diets had significantly less hepatic free cholesterol compared to the sterol and stanol diets but not compared to the coconut oil diet; whereas the coconut oil and sterol diets had significantly less hepatic free cholesterol compared to the stanol diet. The CFO, sterol, and stanol diets excreted significantly more fecal cholesterol compared to the coconut oil and CO diets. In summary, CFO reduces plasma and hepatic cholesterol concentrations and increases fecal cholesterol excretion greater than CO through some other mechanism(s) in addition to increase dietary sterols and stanols-possibly oryzanols.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Wilson
- Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Clinical Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854-5125, USA
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Wilson TA, Nicolosi RJ, Lawton CW, Babiak J. Gender differences in response to a hypercholesterolemic diet in hamsters: effects on plasma lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and early aortic atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 1999; 146:83-91. [PMID: 10487490 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gender is a strong predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD) susceptibility and reports indicate that males are more likely to develop CHD compared to age-matched premenopausal females. To test whether similar gender differences exist in hamsters, 16 male and 16 female F1B Golden Syrian hamsters, aged 10 weeks, were fed a hypercholesterolemic nonpurified diet (HCD) containing 10% coconut oil and 0.05% cholesterol for 12 weeks. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, LDL oxidative susceptibility, LDL tocopherol concentrations, LDL fatty acid composition, LDL particle size, plasma estradiol and testosterone concentrations, and early aortic atherosclerosis were analyzed. Female hamsters had significantly lower plasma total cholesterol and nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (nonHDL-C) and greater high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations compared to male hamsters (-15, -33, and 33%; respectively). Female hamsters had significantly greater LDL particle size (4%), LDL 22:6 (21%) fatty acid, and rate of LDL oxidation (34%) compared to male hamsters. Female hamsters had a significantly higher concentration of plasma estradiol (49%) compared to male hamsters. Female hamsters also had significantly less early aortic atherosclerosis compared to male hamsters (-77%). In female hamsters, aortic fatty streak formation was significantly associated with plasma nonHDL-C (r = 0.76, P<0.0007), LDL particle size (r = -0.66, P<0.005), plasma TC (r = 0.68. P<0.004), and lag phase of LDL oxidation (r = 0.84. P<0.02). In male hamsters, aortic fatty streak formation was significantly associated with plasma nonHDL-C (r = 0.52, P<0.04), plasma TC (r = 0.55, P<0.03), plasma TG (r = 0.79, P<0.0003), and LDL 22:6 (r = -0.78, P<0.03) with no association with any measures of LDL oxidation susceptibility. This study demonstrates that female hamsters have an improved plasma lipoprotein cholesterol profile, larger LDL particle size, and less early aortic atherosclerosis compared to male hamsters fed the same HCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Wilson
- Department of Health and Clinical Science, Center for Chronic Disease Control, University of Massachusetts Lowell 01854, USA
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