1
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Kyriakou M, Christodoulou M, Ioannou A, Fotopoulos V, Koutinas M. Improvement of stress multi-tolerance and bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilised on biochar: Monitoring transcription from defence-related genes. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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2
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Takaine M, Imamura H, Yoshida S. High and stable ATP levels prevent aberrant intracellular protein aggregation in yeast. eLife 2022; 11:67659. [PMID: 35438635 PMCID: PMC9018071 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at millimolar levels has recently been implicated in the solubilization of cellular proteins. However, the significance of this high ATP level under physiological conditions and the mechanisms that maintain ATP remain unclear. We herein demonstrated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and adenylate kinase (ADK) cooperated to maintain cellular ATP levels regardless of glucose levels. Single-cell imaging of ATP-reduced yeast mutants revealed that ATP levels in these mutants underwent stochastic and transient depletion, which promoted the cytotoxic aggregation of endogenous proteins and pathogenic proteins, such as huntingtin and α-synuclein. Moreover, pharmacological elevations in ATP levels in an ATP-reduced mutant prevented the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates and its cytotoxicity. The present study demonstrates that cellular ATP homeostasis ensures proteostasis and revealed that suppressing the high volatility of cellular ATP levels prevented cytotoxic protein aggregation, implying that AMPK and ADK are important factors that prevent proteinopathies, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Cells use a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a controllable source of energy. Like a battery, each ATP molecule contains a specific amount of energy that can be released when needed. Cells just need enough ATP to survive, but most cells store a lot more than they need. It is unclear why cells keep so much ATP, or whether this excess ATP has any other purpose. To answer these questions, Takaine et al. identified mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that had low levels of ATP, and studied how these cells differ from normal yeast The results showed that, in S. cerevisiae cells with lower and variable levels of ATP, proteins stick together, forming clumps. Proteins are molecules that perform diverse roles, keeping cells alive. When they clump together, they stop working and can cause cells to die. Further experiments showed that reducing the levels of ATP just for a short time increased the rate at which proteins stick together. Taken together, Takaine et al.’s results suggest that ATP plays a role in stopping proteins from sticking together, explaining why cells may store excess ATP, since it could aid survival. Protein clumps, also called aggregates, are a key feature of various illnesses, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s. Takaine et al. provide a possible cause for why proteins aggregate in these diseases, which may be worth further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masak Takaine
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.,Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiromi Imamura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshida
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.,Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.,School of International Liberal Studies, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, PREST, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Nakagawa Y, Shen HCH, Komi Y, Sugiyama S, Kurinomaru T, Tomabechi Y, Krayukhina E, Okamoto K, Yokoyama T, Shirouzu M, Uchiyama S, Inaba M, Niwa T, Sako Y, Taguchi H, Tanaka M. Amyloid conformation-dependent disaggregation in a reconstituted yeast prion system. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:321-331. [PMID: 35177839 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Disaggregation of amyloid fibrils is a fundamental biological process required for amyloid propagation. However, due to the lack of experimental systems, the molecular mechanism of how amyloid is disaggregated by cellular factors remains poorly understood. Here, we established a robust in vitro reconstituted system of yeast prion propagation and found that heat-shock protein 104 (Hsp104), Ssa1 and Sis1 chaperones are essential for efficient disaggregation of Sup35 amyloid. Real-time imaging of single-molecule fluorescence coupled with the reconstitution system revealed that amyloid disaggregation is achieved by ordered, timely binding of the chaperones to amyloid. Remarkably, we uncovered two distinct prion strain conformation-dependent modes of disaggregation, fragmentation and dissolution. We characterized distinct chaperone dynamics in each mode and found that transient, repeated binding of Hsp104 to the same site of amyloid results in fragmentation. These findings provide a physical foundation for otherwise puzzling in vivo observations and for therapeutic development for amyloid-associated neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Nakagawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Howard C-H Shen
- Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Komi
- Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinju Sugiyama
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yuri Tomabechi
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Okamoto
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoyama
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Research Department, U-Medico Inc., Suita, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Creative Research, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Megumi Inaba
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niwa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.,Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sako
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideki Taguchi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan. .,Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Motomasa Tanaka
- Laboratory for Protein Conformation Diseases, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Saitama, Japan. .,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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4
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Amyloid Fragmentation and Disaggregation in Yeast and Animals. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121884. [PMID: 34944528 PMCID: PMC8699242 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloids are filamentous protein aggregates that are associated with a number of incurable diseases, termed amyloidoses. Amyloids can also manifest as infectious or heritable particles, known as prions. While just one prion is known in humans and animals, more than ten prion amyloids have been discovered in fungi. The propagation of fungal prion amyloids requires the chaperone Hsp104, though in excess it can eliminate some prions. Even though Hsp104 acts to disassemble prion fibrils, at normal levels it fragments them into multiple smaller pieces, which ensures prion propagation and accelerates prion conversion. Animals lack Hsp104, but disaggregation is performed by the same complement of chaperones that assist Hsp104 in yeast—Hsp40, Hsp70, and Hsp110. Exogenous Hsp104 can efficiently cooperate with these chaperones in animals and promotes disaggregation, especially of large amyloid aggregates, which indicates its potential as a treatment for amyloid diseases. However, despite the significant effects, Hsp104 and its potentiated variants may be insufficient to fully dissolve amyloid. In this review, we consider chaperone mechanisms acting to disassemble heritable protein aggregates in yeast and animals, and their potential use in the therapy of human amyloid diseases.
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5
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Bamia A, Sinane M, Naït-Saïdi R, Dhiab J, Keruzoré M, Nguyen PH, Bertho A, Soubigou F, Halliez S, Blondel M, Trollet C, Simonelig M, Friocourt G, Béringue V, Bihel F, Voisset C. Anti-prion Drugs Targeting the Protein Folding Activity of the Ribosome Reduce PABPN1 Aggregation. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1137-1150. [PMID: 33533011 PMCID: PMC8423950 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are caused by the propagation of PrPSc, the pathological conformation of the PrPC prion protein. The molecular mechanisms underlying PrPSc propagation are still unsolved and no therapeutic solution is currently available. We thus sought to identify new anti-prion molecules and found that flunarizine inhibited PrPSc propagation in cell culture and significantly prolonged survival of prion-infected mice. Using an in silico therapeutic repositioning approach based on similarities with flunarizine chemical structure, we tested azelastine, duloxetine, ebastine, loperamide and metixene and showed that they all have an anti-prion activity. Like flunarizine, these marketed drugs reduced PrPSc propagation in cell culture and in mouse cerebellum organotypic slice culture, and inhibited the protein folding activity of the ribosome (PFAR). Strikingly, some of these drugs were also able to alleviate phenotypes due to PABPN1 nuclear aggregation in cell and Drosophila models of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD). These data emphasize the therapeutic potential of anti-PFAR drugs for neurodegenerative and neuromuscular proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bamia
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Maha Sinane
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Rima Naït-Saïdi
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002 CNRS-Univ Montpellier, mRNA Regulation and Development, Montpellier, France
| | - Jamila Dhiab
- Sorbanne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F75013, Paris, France
| | - Marc Keruzoré
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Phu Hai Nguyen
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France
- Host Parasite Interactions Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Agathe Bertho
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Flavie Soubigou
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Sophie Halliez
- INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Univ. Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Marc Blondel
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Capucine Trollet
- Sorbanne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, F75013, Paris, France
| | - Martine Simonelig
- Institute of Human Genetics, UMR9002 CNRS-Univ Montpellier, mRNA Regulation and Development, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Vincent Béringue
- INRAE, UVSQ, VIM, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frédéric Bihel
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, LIT, UMR7200, IMS MEDALIS, Faculty of Pharmacy, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, F-67400, France.
| | - Cécile Voisset
- Inserm, Univ Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200, Brest, France.
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6
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March ZM, Sweeney K, Kim H, Yan X, Castellano LM, Jackrel ME, Lin J, Chuang E, Gomes E, Willicott CW, Michalska K, Jedrzejczak RP, Joachimiak A, Caldwell KA, Caldwell GA, Shalem O, Shorter J. Therapeutic genetic variation revealed in diverse Hsp104 homologs. eLife 2020; 9:e57457. [PMID: 33319748 PMCID: PMC7785292 DOI: 10.7554/elife.57457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The AAA+ protein disaggregase, Hsp104, increases fitness under stress by reversing stress-induced protein aggregation. Natural Hsp104 variants might exist with enhanced, selective activity against neurodegenerative disease substrates. However, natural Hsp104 variation remains largely unexplored. Here, we screened a cross-kingdom collection of Hsp104 homologs in yeast proteotoxicity models. Prokaryotic ClpG reduced TDP-43, FUS, and α-synuclein toxicity, whereas prokaryotic ClpB and hyperactive variants were ineffective. We uncovered therapeutic genetic variation among eukaryotic Hsp104 homologs that specifically antagonized TDP-43 condensation and toxicity in yeast and TDP-43 aggregation in human cells. We also uncovered distinct eukaryotic Hsp104 homologs that selectively antagonized α-synuclein condensation and toxicity in yeast and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in C. elegans. Surprisingly, this therapeutic variation did not manifest as enhanced disaggregase activity, but rather as increased passive inhibition of aggregation of specific substrates. By exploring natural tuning of this passive Hsp104 activity, we elucidated enhanced, substrate-specific agents that counter proteotoxicity underlying neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M March
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Katelyn Sweeney
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Hanna Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaUnited States
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaUnited States
| | - Laura M Castellano
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Meredith E Jackrel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - JiaBei Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Edward Chuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Edward Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Corey W Willicott
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaUnited States
| | - Karolina Michalska
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National LaboratoryArgonneUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Robert P Jedrzejczak
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National LaboratoryArgonneUnited States
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National LaboratoryArgonneUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Kim A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaUnited States
| | - Guy A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaUnited States
| | - Ophir Shalem
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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7
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Lee S, Roh SH, Lee J, Sung N, Liu J, Tsai FTF. Cryo-EM Structures of the Hsp104 Protein Disaggregase Captured in the ATP Conformation. Cell Rep 2020; 26:29-36.e3. [PMID: 30605683 PMCID: PMC6347426 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp104 is a ring-forming, ATP-driven molecular machine that recovers functional protein from both stress-denatured and amyloid-forming aggregates. Although Hsp104 shares a common architecture with Clp/Hsp100 protein unfoldases, different and seemingly conflicting 3D structures have been reported. Examining the structure of Hsp104 poses considerable challenges because Hsp104 readily hydrolyzes ATP, whereas ATP analogs can be slowly turned over and are often contaminated with other nucleotide species. Here, we present the single-particle electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of a catalytically inactive Hsp104 variant (Hsp104DWB) in the ATP-bound state determined between 7.7 Å and 9.3 Å resolution. Surprisingly, we observe that the Hsp104DWB hexamer adopts distinct ring conformations (closed, extended, and open) despite being in the same nucleotide state. The latter underscores the structural plasticity of Hsp104 in solution, with different conformations stabilized by nucleotide binding. Our findings suggest that, in addition to ATP hydrolysis-driven conformational changes, Hsp104 uses stochastic motions to translocate unfolded polypeptides. Hsp104 is a ring-forming ATPase that facilitates the disaggregation of amorphous and amyloid-forming protein aggregates. Lee et al. present three distinct cryo-EM structures of a catalytically inactive Hsp104-ATP variant, demonstrating that Hsp104 is a dynamic molecular machine and providing the structural basis for the passive threading of unfolded polypeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukyeong Lee
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Soung Hun Roh
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jungsoon Lee
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nuri Sung
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Francis T F Tsai
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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8
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Sweeny EA, Tariq A, Gurpinar E, Go MS, Sochor MA, Kan ZY, Mayne L, Englander SW, Shorter J. Structural and mechanistic insights into Hsp104 function revealed by synchrotron X-ray footprinting. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1517-1538. [PMID: 31882541 PMCID: PMC7008382 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp104 is a hexameric AAA+ ring translocase, which drives protein disaggregation in nonmetazoan eukaryotes. Cryo-EM structures of Hsp104 have suggested potential mechanisms of substrate translocation, but precisely how Hsp104 hexamers disaggregate proteins remains incompletely understood. Here, we employed synchrotron X-ray footprinting to probe the solution-state structures of Hsp104 monomers in the absence of nucleotide and Hsp104 hexamers in the presence of ADP or ATPγS (adenosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate)). Comparing side-chain solvent accessibilities between these three states illuminated aspects of Hsp104 structure and guided design of Hsp104 variants to probe the disaggregase mechanism in vitro and in vivo We established that Hsp104 hexamers switch from a more-solvated state in ADP to a less-solvated state in ATPγS, consistent with switching from an open spiral to a closed ring visualized by cryo-EM. We pinpointed critical N-terminal domain (NTD), NTD-nucleotide-binding domain 1 (NBD1) linker, NBD1, and middle domain (MD) residues that enable intrinsic disaggregase activity and Hsp70 collaboration. We uncovered NTD residues in the loop between helices A1 and A2 that can be substituted to enhance disaggregase activity. We elucidated a novel potentiated Hsp104 MD variant, Hsp104-RYD, which suppresses α-synuclein, fused in sarcoma (FUS), and TDP-43 toxicity. We disambiguated a secondary pore-loop in NBD1, which collaborates with the NTD and NBD1 tyrosine-bearing pore-loop to drive protein disaggregation. Finally, we defined Leu-601 in NBD2 as crucial for Hsp104 hexamerization. Collectively, our findings unveil new facets of Hsp104 structure and mechanism. They also connect regions undergoing large changes in solvation to functionality, which could have profound implications for protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Sweeny
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
| | - Amber Tariq
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Esin Gurpinar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Michelle S Go
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Matthew A Sochor
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Zhong-Yuan Kan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Johnson Research Foundation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Leland Mayne
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Johnson Research Foundation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - S Walter Englander
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Johnson Research Foundation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.
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9
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Shorter J, Southworth DR. Spiraling in Control: Structures and Mechanisms of the Hsp104 Disaggregase. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a034033. [PMID: 30745294 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hsp104 is a hexameric AAA+ ATPase and protein disaggregase found in yeast, which couples ATP hydrolysis to the dissolution of diverse polypeptides trapped in toxic preamyloid oligomers, phase-transitioned gels, disordered aggregates, amyloids, and prions. Hsp104 shows plasticity in disaggregating diverse substrates, but how its hexameric architecture operates as a molecular machine has remained unclear. Here, we highlight structural advances made via cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) that enhance our mechanistic understanding of Hsp104 and other related AAA+ translocases. Hsp104 hexamers are dynamic and adopt open "lock-washer" spiral states and closed ring structures that envelope polypeptide substrate inside the axial channel. ATP hydrolysis-driven conformational changes at the spiral seam ratchet substrate deeper into the channel. Remarkably, this mode of polypeptide translocation is reminiscent of models for how hexameric helicases unwind DNA and RNA duplexes. Thus, Hsp104 likely adapts elements of a deeply rooted, ring-translocase mechanism to the specialized task of protein disaggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Daniel R Southworth
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics; and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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10
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Batista FA, Dores-Silva PR, Borges JC. Molecular Chaperones Involved in Protein Recovery from Aggregates are Present in Protozoa Causative of Malaria and Leishmaniasis. CURR PROTEOMICS 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164615666180626123823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones have several critical functions in protein metabolism. Among them,
some are involved in processes that culminate in the extraction of entangled polypeptides from protein
aggregates, releasing unfolded structures prone to be refolded or directed to degradation. This action
avoids the effect of toxic aggregates on cells and tissues. Molecular chaperones belonging to the
Hsp100 family are widely distributed from unicellular and sessile organisms up to fungi and plants,
exerting key functions related to the reduction of the effects caused by different forms of stress. The
Hsp100 proteins belong to the AAA+ (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) family and
form multichaperone systems with Hsp70 and small Hsp chaperones families. However, Hsp100 are
absent in metazoan, where protein disaggregation action is performed by a system involving the Hsp70
family, including Hsp110 and J-protein co-chaperones. Here, the structural and functional aspects of
these protein disaggregation systems will be reviewed and discussed in the perspective of the Hsp100
system absent in the metazoan kingdom. This feature focuses on Hsp100 as a hot spot for drug discovery
against human infectious diseases such as leishmaniasis and malaria, as Hsp100 is critical for microorganisms.
The current data available for Hsp100 in Leishmania spp. and Plasmodium spp. are also
reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A.H. Batista
- Instituto de Quimica de Sao Carlos, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Dores-Silva
- Instituto de Quimica de Sao Carlos, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlio C. Borges
- Instituto de Quimica de Sao Carlos, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
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11
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Uchihashi T, Watanabe YH, Nakazaki Y, Yamasaki T, Watanabe H, Maruno T, Ishii K, Uchiyama S, Song C, Murata K, Iino R, Ando T. Dynamic structural states of ClpB involved in its disaggregation function. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2147. [PMID: 29858573 PMCID: PMC5984625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-dependent bacterial protein disaggregation machine, ClpB belonging to the AAA+ superfamily, refolds toxic protein aggregates into the native state in cooperation with the cognate Hsp70 partner. The ring-shaped hexamers of ClpB unfold and thread its protein substrate through the central pore. However, their function-related structural dynamics has remained elusive. Here we directly visualize ClpB using high-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) to gain a mechanistic insight into its disaggregation function. The HS-AFM movies demonstrate massive conformational changes of the hexameric ring during ATP hydrolysis, from a round ring to a spiral and even to a pair of twisted half-spirals. HS-AFM observations of Walker-motif mutants unveil crucial roles of ATP binding and hydrolysis in the oligomer formation and structural dynamics. Furthermore, repressed and hyperactive mutations result in significantly different oligomeric forms. These results provide a comprehensive view for the ATP-driven oligomeric-state transitions that enable ClpB to disentangle protein aggregates. The bacterial protein disaggregation machine ClpB uses ATP to generate mechanical force to unfold and thread its protein substrates. Here authors visualize the ClpB ring using high-speed atomic force microscopy and capture conformational changes of the hexameric ring during the ATPase reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Uchihashi
- Department of Physics and Structural Biology Research Center, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yo-Hei Watanabe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Okamoto 8-9-1, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan. .,Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Okamoto 8-9-1, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Nakazaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Okamoto 8-9-1, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan.,Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Okamoto 8-9-1, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamasaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Okamoto 8-9-1, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan.,Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Okamoto 8-9-1, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Watanabe
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruno
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ishii
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Chihong Song
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Ryota Iino
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan. .,Department of Functional Molecular Science, School of Physical Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, 240-0193, Japan.
| | - Toshio Ando
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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12
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Structural determinants for protein unfolding and translocation by the Hsp104 protein disaggregase. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20171399. [PMID: 29175998 PMCID: PMC5741831 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ring-forming Hsp104 ATPase cooperates with Hsp70 and Hsp40 molecular chaperones to rescue stress-damaged proteins from both amorphous and amyloid-forming aggregates. The ability to do so relies upon pore loops present in the first ATP-binding domain (AAA-1; loop-1 and loop-2 ) and in the second ATP-binding domain (AAA-2; loop-3) of Hsp104, which face the protein translocating channel and couple ATP-driven changes in pore loop conformation to substrate translocation. A hallmark of loop-1 and loop-3 is an invariable and mutational sensitive aromatic amino acid (Tyr257 and Tyr662) involved in substrate binding. However, the role of conserved aliphatic residues (Lys256, Lys258, and Val663) flanking the pore loop tyrosines, and the function of loop-2 in protein disaggregation has not been investigated. Here we present the crystal structure of an N-terminal fragment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp104 exhibiting molecular interactions involving both AAA-1 pore loops, which resemble contacts with bound substrate. Corroborated by biochemical experiments and functional studies in yeast, we show that aliphatic residues flanking Tyr257 and Tyr662 are equally important for substrate interaction, and abolish Hsp104 function when mutated to glycine. Unexpectedly, we find that loop-2 is sensitive to aspartate substitutions that impair Hsp104 function and abolish protein disaggregation when loop-2 is replaced by four aspartate residues. Our observations suggest that Hsp104 pore loops have non-overlapping functions in protein disaggregation and together coordinate substrate binding, unfolding, and translocation through the Hsp104 hexamer.
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13
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Human TorsinA can function in the yeast cytosol as a molecular chaperone. Biochem J 2017; 474:3439-3454. [PMID: 28871039 PMCID: PMC5628414 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
TorsinA (TorA) is an AAA+ (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) ATPase linked to dystonia type 1 (DYT1), a neurological disorder that leads to uncontrollable muscular movements. Although DYT1 is linked to a 3 bp deletion in the C-terminus of TorA, the biological function of TorA remains to be established. Here, we use the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a tractable in vivo model to explore TorA function. We demonstrate that TorA can protect yeast cells against different forms of environmental stress and show that in the absence of the molecular disaggregase Hsp104, TorA can refold heat-denatured luciferase in vivo in an ATP-dependent manner. However, this activity requires TorA to be translocated to the cytoplasm from the endoplasmic reticulum in order to access and process cytoplasmic protein aggregates. Furthermore, mutational or chemical inactivation of the ATPase activity of TorA blocks this activity. We also find that TorA can inhibit the propagation of certain conformational variants of [PSI+], the aggregated prion form of the endogenous Sup35 protein. Finally, we show that while cellular localisation remains unchanged in the dystonia-linked TorA mutant ΔE302-303, the ability of this mutant form of TorA to protect against cellular stress and to facilitate protein refolding is impaired, consistent with it being a loss-of-function mutation.
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14
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Duran EC, Weaver CL, Lucius AL. Comparative Analysis of the Structure and Function of AAA+ Motors ClpA, ClpB, and Hsp104: Common Threads and Disparate Functions. Front Mol Biosci 2017; 4:54. [PMID: 28824920 PMCID: PMC5540906 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular proteostasis involves not only the expression of proteins in response to environmental needs, but also the timely repair or removal of damaged or unneeded proteins. AAA+ motor proteins are critically involved in these pathways. Here, we review the structure and function of AAA+ proteins ClpA, ClpB, and Hsp104. ClpB and Hsp104 rescue damaged proteins from toxic aggregates and do not partner with any protease. ClpA functions as the regulatory component of the ATP dependent protease complex ClpAP, and also remodels inactive RepA dimers into active monomers in the absence of the protease. Because ClpA functions both with and without a proteolytic component, it is an ideal system for developing strategies that address one of the major challenges in the study of protein remodeling machines: how do we observe a reaction in which the substrate protein does not undergo covalent modification? Here, we review experimental designs developed for the examination of polypeptide translocation catalyzed by the AAA+ motors in the absence of proteolytic degradation. We propose that transient state kinetic methods are essential for the examination of elementary kinetic mechanisms of these motor proteins. Furthermore, rigorous kinetic analysis must also account for the thermodynamic properties of these complicated systems that reside in a dynamic equilibrium of oligomeric states, including the biologically active hexamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Duran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL, United States
| | - Clarissa L Weaver
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL, United States
| | - Aaron L Lucius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL, United States
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15
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Krajewska J, Modrak-Wójcik A, Arent ZJ, Więckowski D, Zolkiewski M, Bzowska A, Kędzierska-Mieszkowska S. Characterization of the molecular chaperone ClpB from the pathogenic spirochaete Leptospira interrogans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181118. [PMID: 28700685 PMCID: PMC5507356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospira interrogans is a spirochaete responsible for leptospirosis in mammals. The molecular mechanisms of the Leptospira virulence remain mostly unknown. Recently, it has been demonstrated that an AAA+ chaperone ClpB (a member of the Hsp100 family) from L. interrogans (ClpBLi) is not only essential for survival of Leptospira under the thermal and oxidative stresses, but also during infection of a host. The aim of this study was to provide further insight into the role of ClpB in the pathogenic spirochaetes and explore its biochemical properties. We found that a non-hydrolysable ATP analogue, ATPγS, but not AMP-PNP induces the formation of ClpBLi hexamers and stabilizes the associated form of the chaperone. ADP also induces structural changes in ClpBLi and promotes its self-assembly, but does not produce full association into the hexamers. We also demonstrated that ClpBLi exhibits a weak ATPase activity that is stimulated by κ-casein and poly-lysine, and may mediate protein disaggregation independently from the DnaK chaperone system. Unexpectedly, the presence of E. coli DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE did not significantly affect the disaggregation activity of ClpBLi and ClpBLi did not substitute for the ClpBEc function in the clpB-null E. coli strain. This result underscores the species-specificity of the ClpB cooperation with the co-chaperones and is most likely due to a loss of interactions between the ClpBLi middle domain and the E. coli DnaK. We also found that ClpBLi interacts more efficiently with the aggregated G6PDH in the presence of ATPγS rather than ATP. Our results indicate that ClpB's importance during infection might be due to its role as a molecular chaperone involved in reactivation of protein aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Krajewska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Biology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Modrak-Wójcik
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew J. Arent
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine UJ-UR, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Daniel Więckowski
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Biology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michal Zolkiewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Agnieszka Bzowska
- Division of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Blondel M, Soubigou F, Evrard J, Nguyen PH, Hasin N, Chédin S, Gillet R, Contesse MA, Friocourt G, Stahl G, Jones GW, Voisset C. Protein Folding Activity of the Ribosome is involved in Yeast Prion Propagation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32117. [PMID: 27633137 PMCID: PMC5025663 DOI: 10.1038/srep32117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
6AP and GA are potent inhibitors of yeast and mammalian prions and also specific inhibitors of PFAR, the protein-folding activity borne by domain V of the large rRNA of the large subunit of the ribosome. We therefore explored the link between PFAR and yeast prion [PSI(+)] using both PFAR-enriched mutants and site-directed methylation. We demonstrate that PFAR is involved in propagation and de novo formation of [PSI(+)]. PFAR and the yeast heat-shock protein Hsp104 partially compensate each other for [PSI(+)] propagation. Our data also provide insight into new functions for the ribosome in basal thermotolerance and heat-shocked protein refolding. PFAR is thus an evolutionarily conserved cell component implicated in the prion life cycle, and we propose that it could be a potential therapeutic target for human protein misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Blondel
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Flavie Soubigou
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Justine Evrard
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Phu hai Nguyen
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Naushaba Hasin
- Yeast Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stéphane Chédin
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), UMR 9198, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, CEA/Saclay, SBIGeM, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Reynald Gillet
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS UMR 6290 IGDR, Translation and Folding Team, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Astrid Contesse
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Gaëlle Friocourt
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
| | - Guillaume Stahl
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryotes, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Gary W. Jones
- Yeast Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - Cécile Voisset
- Inserm UMR 1078, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Brest, France
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17
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Spiral architecture of the Hsp104 disaggregase reveals the basis for polypeptide translocation. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 23:830-7. [PMID: 27478928 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hsp104, a conserved AAA+ protein disaggregase, promotes survival during cellular stress. Hsp104 remodels amyloids, thereby supporting prion propagation, and disassembles toxic oligomers associated with neurodegenerative diseases. However, a definitive structural mechanism for its disaggregase activity has remained elusive. We determined the cryo-EM structure of wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp104 in the ATP state, revealing a near-helical hexamer architecture that coordinates the mechanical power of the 12 AAA+ domains for disaggregation. An unprecedented heteromeric AAA+ interaction defines an asymmetric seam in an apparent catalytic arrangement that aligns the domains in a two-turn spiral. N-terminal domains form a broad channel entrance for substrate engagement and Hsp70 interaction. Middle-domain helices bridge adjacent protomers across the nucleotide pocket, thus explaining roles in ATP hydrolysis and protein disaggregation. Remarkably, substrate-binding pore loops line the channel in a spiral arrangement optimized for substrate transfer across the AAA+ domains, thereby establishing a continuous path for polypeptide translocation.
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18
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Ali YO, Allen HM, Yu L, Li-Kroeger D, Bakhshizadehmahmoudi D, Hatcher A, McCabe C, Xu J, Bjorklund N, Taglialatela G, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Shulman JM, Bellen HJ, Lu HC. NMNAT2:HSP90 Complex Mediates Proteostasis in Proteinopathies. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002472. [PMID: 27254664 PMCID: PMC4890852 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferase 2 (NMNAT2) is neuroprotective in numerous preclinical models of neurodegeneration. Here, we show that brain nmnat2 mRNA levels correlate positively with global cognitive function and negatively with AD pathology. In AD brains, NMNAT2 mRNA and protein levels are reduced. NMNAT2 shifts its solubility and colocalizes with aggregated Tau in AD brains, similar to chaperones, which aid in the clearance or refolding of misfolded proteins. Investigating the mechanism of this observation, we discover a novel chaperone function of NMNAT2, independent from its enzymatic activity. NMNAT2 complexes with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) to refold aggregated protein substrates. NMNAT2’s refoldase activity requires a unique C-terminal ATP site, activated in the presence of HSP90. Furthermore, deleting NMNAT2 function increases the vulnerability of cortical neurons to proteotoxic stress and excitotoxicity. Interestingly, NMNAT2 acts as a chaperone to reduce proteotoxic stress, while its enzymatic activity protects neurons from excitotoxicity. Taken together, our data indicate that NMNAT2 exerts its chaperone or enzymatic function in a context-dependent manner to maintain neuronal health. This study reveals NMNAT2 to be a dual-function neuronal maintenance factor that not only generates NAD to protect neurons from excitotoxicity but also moonlights as a chaperone to combat protein toxicity. Pathological protein aggregates are found in many neurodegenerative diseases, and it has been hypothesized that these protein aggregates are toxic and cause neuronal death. Little is known about how neurons protect against pathological protein aggregates to maintain their health. Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (NMNAT2) is a newly identified neuronal maintenance factor. We found that in humans, levels of NMNAT2 transcript are positively correlated with cognitive function and are negatively correlated with pathological features of neurodegenerative disease like plaques and tangles. In this study, we demonstrate that NMNAT2 can act as a chaperone to reduce protein aggregates, and this function is independent from its known function in the enzymatic synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). We find that NMNAT2 interacts with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) to refold protein aggregates, and that deleting NMNAT2 in cortical neurons renders them vulnerable to protein stress or excitotoxicity. Interestingly, the chaperone function of NMNAT2 protects neurons from protein toxicity, while its enzymatic function is required to defend against excitotoxicity. Our work here suggests that NMNAT2 uses either its chaperone or enzymatic function to combat neuronal insults in a context-dependent manner. In Alzheimer disease brains, NMNAT2 levels are less than 50% of control levels, and we propose that enhancing NMNAT2 function may provide an effective therapeutic intervention to reserve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuf O. Ali
- Linda and Jack Gill Center, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hunter M. Allen
- Linda and Jack Gill Center, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center and Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David Li-Kroeger
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Dena Bakhshizadehmahmoudi
- Linda and Jack Gill Center, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Asante Hatcher
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cristin McCabe
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jishu Xu
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nicole Bjorklund
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Giulio Taglialatela
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center and Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Shulman
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hugo J. Bellen
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hui-Chen Lu
- Linda and Jack Gill Center, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Mack KL, Shorter J. Engineering and Evolution of Molecular Chaperones and Protein Disaggregases with Enhanced Activity. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:8. [PMID: 27014702 PMCID: PMC4791398 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have evolved a sophisticated proteostasis network to ensure that proteins acquire and retain their native structure and function. Critical components of this network include molecular chaperones and protein disaggregases, which function to prevent and reverse deleterious protein misfolding. Nevertheless, proteostasis networks have limits, which when exceeded can have fatal consequences as in various neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A promising strategy is to engineer proteostasis networks to counter challenges presented by specific diseases or specific proteins. Here, we review efforts to enhance the activity of individual molecular chaperones or protein disaggregases via engineering and directed evolution. Remarkably, enhanced global activity or altered substrate specificity of various molecular chaperones, including GroEL, Hsp70, ClpX, and Spy, can be achieved by minor changes in primary sequence and often a single missense mutation. Likewise, small changes in the primary sequence of Hsp104 yield potentiated protein disaggregases that reverse the aggregation and buffer toxicity of various neurodegenerative disease proteins, including α-synuclein, TDP-43, and FUS. Collectively, these advances have revealed key mechanistic and functional insights into chaperone and disaggregase biology. They also suggest that enhanced chaperones and disaggregases could have important applications in treating human disease as well as in the purification of valuable proteins in the pharmaceutical sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korrie L Mack
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation underpin several fatal neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). There are no treatments that directly antagonize the protein-misfolding events that cause these disorders. Agents that reverse protein misfolding and restore proteins to native form and function could simultaneously eliminate any deleterious loss-of-function or toxic gain-of-function caused by misfolded conformers. Moreover, a disruptive technology of this nature would eliminate self-templating conformers that spread pathology and catalyze formation of toxic, soluble oligomers. Here, we highlight our efforts to engineer Hsp104, a protein disaggregase from yeast, to more effectively disaggregate misfolded proteins connected with PD, ALS, and FTD. Remarkably subtle modifications of Hsp104 primary sequence yielded large gains in protective activity against deleterious α-synuclein, TDP-43, FUS, and TAF15 misfolding. Unusually, in many cases loss of amino acid identity at select positions in Hsp104 rather than specific mutation conferred a robust therapeutic gain-of-function. Nevertheless, the misfolding and toxicity of EWSR1, an RNA-binding protein with a prion-like domain linked to ALS and FTD, could not be buffered by potentiated Hsp104 variants, indicating that further amelioration of disaggregase activity or sharpening of substrate specificity is warranted. We suggest that neuroprotection is achievable for diverse neurodegenerative conditions via surprisingly subtle structural modifications of existing chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith E Jackrel
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics ; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania ; Philadelphia , PA USA
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21
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Torrente MP, Chuang E, Noll MM, Jackrel ME, Go MS, Shorter J. Mechanistic Insights into Hsp104 Potentiation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5101-15. [PMID: 26747608 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.707976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Potentiated variants of Hsp104, a protein disaggregase from yeast, can dissolve protein aggregates connected to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the mechanisms underlying Hsp104 potentiation remain incompletely defined. Here, we establish that 2-3 subunits of the Hsp104 hexamer must bear an A503V potentiating mutation to elicit enhanced disaggregase activity in the absence of Hsp70. We also define the ATPase and substrate-binding modalities needed for potentiated Hsp104(A503V) activity in vitro and in vivo. Hsp104(A503V) disaggregase activity is strongly inhibited by the Y257A mutation that disrupts substrate binding to the nucleotide-binding domain 1 (NBD1) pore loop and is abolished by the Y662A mutation that disrupts substrate binding to the NBD2 pore loop. Intriguingly, Hsp104(A503V) disaggregase activity responds to mixtures of ATP and adenosine 5'-(γ-thio)-triphosphate (a slowly hydrolyzable ATP analogue) differently from Hsp104. Indeed, an altered pattern of ATP hydrolysis and altered allosteric signaling between NBD1 and NBD2 are likely critical for potentiation. Hsp104(A503V) variants bearing inactivating Walker A or Walker B mutations in both NBDs are inoperative. Unexpectedly, however, Hsp104(A503V) retains potentiated activity upon introduction of sensor-1 mutations that reduce ATP hydrolysis at NBD1 (T317A) or NBD2 (N728A). Hsp104(T317A/A503V) and Hsp104(A503V/N728A) rescue TDP-43 (TAR DNA-binding protein 43), FUS (fused in sarcoma), and α-synuclein toxicity in yeast. Thus, Hsp104(A503V) displays a more robust activity that is unperturbed by sensor-1 mutations that greatly reduce Hsp104 activity in vivo. Indeed, ATPase activity at NBD1 or NBD2 is sufficient for Hsp104 potentiation. Our findings will empower design of ameliorated therapeutic disaggregases for various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Chuang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and the Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Megan M Noll
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
| | | | - Michelle S Go
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and
| | - James Shorter
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and the Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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22
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Mechanistic and Structural Insights into the Prion-Disaggregase Activity of Hsp104. J Mol Biol 2015; 428:1870-85. [PMID: 26608812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hsp104 is a dynamic ring translocase and hexameric AAA+ protein found in yeast, which couples ATP hydrolysis to disassembly and reactivation of proteins trapped in soluble preamyloid oligomers, disordered protein aggregates, and stable amyloid or prion conformers. Here, we highlight advances in our structural understanding of Hsp104 and how Hsp104 deconstructs Sup35 prions. Although the atomic structure of Hsp104 hexamers remains uncertain, volumetric reconstruction of Hsp104 hexamers in ATPγS, ADP-AlFx (ATP hydrolysis transition-state mimic), and ADP via small-angle x-ray scattering has revealed a peristaltic pumping motion upon ATP hydrolysis. This pumping motion likely drives directional substrate translocation across the central Hsp104 channel. Hsp104 initially engages Sup35 prions immediately C-terminal to their cross-β structure. Directional pulling by Hsp104 then resolves N-terminal cross-β structure in a stepwise manner. First, Hsp104 fragments the prion. Second, Hsp104 unfolds cross-β structure. Third, Hsp104 releases soluble Sup35. Deletion of the Hsp104 N-terminal domain yields a hypomorphic disaggregase, Hsp104(∆N), with an altered pumping mechanism. Hsp104(∆N) fragments Sup35 prions without unfolding cross-β structure or releasing soluble Sup35. Moreover, Hsp104(∆N) activity cannot be enhanced by mutations in the middle domain that potentiate disaggregase activity. Thus, the N-terminal domain is critical for the full repertoire of Hsp104 activities.
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23
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Chaperone-assisted protein aggregate reactivation: Different solutions for the same problem. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 580:121-34. [PMID: 26159839 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The oligomeric AAA+ chaperones Hsp104 in yeast and ClpB in bacteria are responsible for the reactivation of aggregated proteins, an activity essential for cell survival during severe stress. The protein disaggregase activity of these members of the Hsp100 family is linked to the activity of chaperones from the Hsp70 and Hsp40 families. The precise mechanism by which these proteins untangle protein aggregates remains unclear. Strikingly, Hsp100 proteins are not present in metazoans. This does not mean that animal cells do not have a disaggregase activity, but that this activity is performed by the Hsp70 system and a representative of the Hsp110 family instead of a Hsp100 protein. This review describes the actual view of Hsp100-mediated aggregate reactivation, including the ATP-induced conformational changes associated with their disaggregase activity, the dynamics of the oligomeric assembly that is regulated by its ATPase cycle and the DnaK system, and the tight allosteric coupling between the ATPase domains within the hexameric ring complexes. The lack of homologs of these disaggregases in metazoans has suggested that they might be used as potential targets to develop antimicrobials. The current knowledge of the human disaggregase machinery and the role of Hsp110 are also discussed.
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24
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Kanabus M, Shahni R, Saldanha JW, Murphy E, Plagnol V, Hoff WV, Heales S, Rahman S. Bi-allelic CLPB mutations cause cataract, renal cysts, nephrocalcinosis and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, a novel disorder of mitochondrial protein disaggregation. J Inherit Metab Dis 2015; 38:211-9. [PMID: 25595726 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-015-9813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Whole exome sequencing was used to investigate the genetic cause of mitochondrial disease in two siblings with a syndrome of congenital lamellar cataracts associated with nephrocalcinosis, medullary cysts and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Autosomal recessive inheritance in a gene encoding a mitochondrially targeted protein was assumed; the only variants which satisfied these criteria were c.1882C>T (p.Arg628Cys) and c.1915G>A (p.Glu639Lys) in the CLPB gene, encoding a heat shock protein/chaperonin responsible for disaggregating mitochondrial and cytosolic proteins. Functional studies, including quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Western blot, support pathogenicity of these mutations. Furthermore, molecular modelling suggests that the mutations disrupt interactions between subunits so that the CLPB hexamer cannot form or is unstable, thus impairing its role as a protein disaggregase. We conclude that accumulation of protein aggregates underlies the development of cataracts and nephrocalcinosis in CLPB deficiency, which is a novel genetic cause of 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. A common mitochondrial cause for 3-methylglutaconic aciduria appears to be disruption of the architecture of the mitochondrial membranes, as in Barth syndrome (tafazzin deficiency), Sengers syndrome (acylglycerol kinase deficiency) and MEGDEL syndrome (impaired remodelling of the mitochondrial membrane lipids because of SERAC1 mutations). We now propose that perturbation of the mitochondrial membranes by abnormal protein aggregates leads to 3-methylglutaconic aciduria in CLPB deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kanabus
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
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25
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Yamasaki T, Oohata Y, Nakamura T, Watanabe YH. Analysis of the cooperative ATPase cycle of the AAA+ chaperone ClpB from Thermus thermophilus by using ordered heterohexamers with an alternating subunit arrangement. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:9789-800. [PMID: 25713084 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.617696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The ClpB/Hsp104 chaperone solubilizes and reactivates protein aggregates in cooperation with DnaK/Hsp70 and its cofactors. The ClpB/Hsp104 protomer has two AAA+ modules, AAA-1 and AAA-2, and forms a homohexamer. In the hexamer, these modules form a two-tiered ring in which each tier consists of homotypic AAA+ modules. By ATP binding and its hydrolysis at these AAA+ modules, ClpB/Hsp104 exerts the mechanical power required for protein disaggregation. Although ATPase cycle of this chaperone has been studied by several groups, an integrated understanding of this cycle has not been obtained because of the complexity of the mechanism and differences between species. To improve our understanding of the ATPase cycle, we prepared many ordered heterohexamers of ClpB from Thermus thermophilus, in which two subunits having different mutations were cross-linked to each other and arranged alternately and measured their nucleotide binding, ATP hydrolysis, and disaggregation abilities. The results indicated that the ATPase cycle of ClpB proceeded as follows: (i) the 12 AAA+ modules randomly bound ATP, (ii) the binding of four or more ATP to one AAA+ ring was sensed by a conserved Arg residue and converted another AAA+ ring into the ATPase-active form, and (iii) ATP hydrolysis occurred cooperatively in each ring. We also found that cooperative ATP hydrolysis in at least one ring was needed for the disaggregation activity of ClpB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamasaki
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering and the Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Okamoto 8-9-1, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiko Oohata
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering and
| | - Toshiki Nakamura
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering and
| | - Yo-hei Watanabe
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering and the Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Okamoto 8-9-1, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
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26
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Johnson CR, Weems AD, Brewer JM, Thorner J, McMurray MA. Cytosolic chaperones mediate quality control of higher-order septin assembly in budding yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1323-44. [PMID: 25673805 PMCID: PMC4454179 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-11-1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Septin hetero-oligomers polymerize into cytoskeletal filaments with essential functions in many eukaryotic cell types. Mutations within the oligomerization interface that encompasses the GTP-binding pocket of a septin (its "G interface") cause thermoinstability of yeast septin hetero-oligomer assembly, and human disease. When coexpressed with its wild-type counterpart, a G interface mutant is excluded from septin filaments, even at moderate temperatures. We show that this quality control mechanism is specific to G interface mutants, operates during de novo septin hetero-oligomer assembly, and requires specific cytosolic chaperones. Chaperone overexpression lowers the temperature permissive for proliferation of cells expressing a G interface mutant as the sole source of a given septin. Mutations that perturb the septin G interface retard release from these chaperones, imposing a kinetic delay on the availability of nascent septin molecules for higher-order assembly. Un-expectedly, the disaggregase Hsp104 contributes to this delay in a manner that does not require its "unfoldase" activity, indicating a latent "holdase" activity toward mutant septins. These findings provide new roles for chaperone-mediated kinetic partitioning of non-native proteins and may help explain the etiology of septin-linked human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney R Johnson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Andrew D Weems
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jennifer M Brewer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Jeremy Thorner
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Michael A McMurray
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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27
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Jeng W, Lee S, Sung N, Lee J, Tsai FT. Molecular chaperones: guardians of the proteome in normal and disease states. F1000Res 2015; 4:F1000 Faculty Rev-1448. [PMID: 26918154 PMCID: PMC4754035 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7214.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins must adopt a defined three-dimensional structure in order to gain functional activity, or must they? An ever-increasing number of intrinsically disordered proteins and amyloid-forming polypeptides challenge this dogma. While molecular chaperones and proteases are traditionally associated with protein quality control inside the cell, it is now apparent that molecular chaperones not only promote protein folding in the "forward" direction by facilitating folding and preventing misfolding and aggregation, but also facilitate protein unfolding and even disaggregation resulting in the recovery of functional protein from aggregates. Here, we review our current understanding of ATP-dependent molecular chaperones that harness the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to fuel their chaperone functions. An emerging theme is that most of these chaperones do not work alone, but instead function together with other chaperone systems to maintain the proteome. Hence, molecular chaperones are the major component of the proteostasis network that guards and protects the proteome from damage. Furthermore, while a decline of this network is detrimental to cell and organismal health, a controlled perturbation of the proteostasis network may offer new therapeutic avenues against human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Jeng
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sukyeong Lee
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nuri Sung
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jungsoon Lee
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francis T.F. Tsai
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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28
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Sharma S, Mishra R, Walker BL, Deshmukh S, Zampino M, Patel J, Anamalai M, Simpson D, Singh IS, Kaushal S, Kaushal S. Celastrol, an oral heat shock activator, ameliorates multiple animal disease models of cell death. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:185-201. [PMID: 25300203 PMCID: PMC4255245 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0536-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostatic regulators have been shown to ameliorate single, loss-of-function protein diseases but not to treat broader animal disease models that may involve cell death. Diseases often trigger protein homeostatic instability that disrupts the delicate balance of normal cellular viability. Furthermore, protein homeostatic regulators have been delivered invasively and not with simple oral administration. Here, we report the potent homeostatic abilities of celastrol to promote cell survival, decrease inflammation, and maintain cellular homeostasis in three different disease models of apoptosis and inflammation involving hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes. We show that celastrol significantly recovers the left ventricular function and myocardial remodeling following models of acute myocardial infarction and doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by diminishing infarct size, apoptosis, and inflammation. Celastrol prevents acute liver dysfunction and promotes hepatocyte survival after toxic doses of thioacetamide. Finally, we show that heat shock response (HSR) is necessary and sufficient for the recovery abilities of celastrol. Our observations may have dramatic clinical implications to ameliorate entire disease processes even after cellular injury initiation by using an orally delivered HSR activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhish Sharma
- />Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Rachana Mishra
- />Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Brandon L. Walker
- />Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Savitha Deshmukh
- />Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Manuela Zampino
- />Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Jay Patel
- />Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Mani Anamalai
- />Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - David Simpson
- />Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Ishwar S. Singh
- />Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Shalesh Kaushal
- />Retina Specialty Institute, 6717 North 11th Place Suite C, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA
| | - Sunjay Kaushal
- />Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, 110 S. Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
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29
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Torrente MP, Castellano LM, Shorter J. Suramin inhibits Hsp104 ATPase and disaggregase activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110115. [PMID: 25299406 PMCID: PMC4192545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp104 is a hexameric AAA+ protein that utilizes energy from ATP hydrolysis to dissolve disordered protein aggregates as well as amyloid fibers. Interestingly, Hsp104 orthologues are found in all kingdoms of life except animals. Thus, Hsp104 could represent an interesting drug target. Specific inhibition of Hsp104 activity might antagonize non-metazoan parasites that depend on a potent heat shock response, while producing little or no side effects to the host. However, no small molecule inhibitors of Hsp104 are known except guanidinium chloride. Here, we screen over 16,000 small molecules and identify 16 novel inhibitors of Hsp104 ATPase activity. Excluding compounds that inhibited Hsp104 activity by non-specific colloidal effects, we defined Suramin as an inhibitor of Hsp104 ATPase activity. Suramin is a polysulphonated naphthylurea and is used as an antiprotozoal drug for African Trypanosomiasis. Suramin also interfered with Hsp104 disaggregase, unfoldase, and translocase activities, and the inhibitory effect of Suramin was not rescued by Hsp70 and Hsp40. Suramin does not disrupt Hsp104 hexamers and does not effectively inhibit ClpB, the E. coli homolog of Hsp104, establishing yet another key difference between Hsp104 and ClpB behavior. Intriguingly, a potentiated Hsp104 variant, Hsp104A503V, is more sensitive to Suramin than wild-type Hsp104. By contrast, Hsp104 variants bearing inactivating sensor-1 mutations in nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) 1 or 2 are more resistant to Suramin. Thus, Suramin depends upon ATPase events at both NBDs to exert its maximal effect. Suramin could develop into an important mechanistic probe to study Hsp104 structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P. Torrente
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Laura M. Castellano
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Nakazaki Y, Watanabe YH. ClpB chaperone passively threads soluble denatured proteins through its central pore. Genes Cells 2014; 19:891-900. [PMID: 25288401 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ClpB disaggregase forms a ring-shaped hexamer that threads substrate proteins through the central pore using energy from ATP. The ClpB protomer consists of an N-terminal domain, a middle domain, and two AAA+ modules. These two AAA+ modules bind and hydrolyze ATP and construct the core of the hexameric ring. Here, we investigated the roles of the two AAA+ modules in substrate threading. BAP is an engineered ClpB that can bind ClpP proteolytic chamber; substrates threaded by BAP are degraded by ClpP. We combined BAP with conserved motif mutations in two AAA+ modules and measured the steady-state rates of threading of soluble denatured proteins by these mutants over a range of substrate concentrations. By fitting the data to the Michaelis-Menten equation, k(cat) and K(m) values were determined. We found that the kinetic parameters of the substrate threading correlate with the type of mutation introduced rather than the ATPase activity of the mutant. Moreover, some mutants having no or marginal ATPase activity could thread denatured proteins significantly. These results indicate that ClpB can passively thread soluble denatured proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nakazaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Okamoto 8-9-1, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan; Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Okamoto 8-9-1, Kobe, 658-8501, Japan
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31
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Hombach A, Ommen G, MacDonald A, Clos J. A small heat shock protein is essential for thermotolerance and intracellular survival of Leishmania donovani. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:4762-73. [PMID: 25179594 PMCID: PMC4215717 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.157297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania parasites must survive and proliferate in two vastly different environments – the guts of poikilothermic sandflies and the antigen-presenting cells of homeothermic mammals. The change of temperature during the transmission from sandflies to mammals is both a key trigger for the progression of their life cycle and for elevated synthesis of heat shock proteins, which have been implicated in their survival at higher temperatures. Although the functions of the main heat shock protein families in the Leishmania life cycle have been studied, nothing is known about the roles played by small heat shock proteins. Here, we present the first evidence for the pivotal role played by the Leishmania donovani 23-kDa heat shock protein (which we called HSP23), which is expressed preferentially during the mammalian stage where it assumes a perinuclear localisation. Loss of HSP23 causes increased sensitivity to chemical stressors and renders L. donovani non-viable at 37°C. Consequently, HSP23-null mutants are non-infectious to primary macrophages in vitro. All phenotypic effects could be abrogated by the introduction of a functional HSP23 transgene into the null mutant, confirming the specificity of the mutant phenotype. Thus, HSP23 expression is a prerequisite for L. donovani survival at mammalian host temperatures and a crucial virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Hombach
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20259 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabi Ommen
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20259 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea MacDonald
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20259 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Clos
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20259 Hamburg, Germany
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32
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Carroni M, Kummer E, Oguchi Y, Wendler P, Clare DK, Sinning I, Kopp J, Mogk A, Bukau B, Saibil HR. Head-to-tail interactions of the coiled-coil domains regulate ClpB activity and cooperation with Hsp70 in protein disaggregation. eLife 2014; 3:e02481. [PMID: 24843029 PMCID: PMC4023160 DOI: 10.7554/elife.02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hexameric AAA+ chaperone ClpB reactivates aggregated proteins in cooperation with the Hsp70 system. Essential for disaggregation, the ClpB middle domain (MD) is a coiled-coil propeller that binds Hsp70. Although the ClpB subunit structure is known, positioning of the MD in the hexamer and its mechanism of action are unclear. We obtained electron microscopy (EM) structures of the BAP variant of ClpB that binds the protease ClpP, clearly revealing MD density on the surface of the ClpB ring. Mutant analysis and asymmetric reconstructions show that MDs adopt diverse positions in a single ClpB hexamer. Adjacent, horizontally oriented MDs form head-to-tail contacts and repress ClpB activity by preventing Hsp70 interaction. Tilting of the MD breaks this contact, allowing Hsp70 binding, and releasing the contact in adjacent subunits. Our data suggest a wavelike activation of ClpB subunits around the ring.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02481.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carroni
- Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Kummer
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuki Oguchi
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Wendler
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel K Clare
- Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irmgard Sinning
- Biochemie-Zentrum, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kopp
- Biochemie-Zentrum, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Mogk
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helen R Saibil
- Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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33
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Morito D, Nishikawa K, Hoseki J, Kitamura A, Kotani Y, Kiso K, Kinjo M, Fujiyoshi Y, Nagata K. Moyamoya disease-associated protein mysterin/RNF213 is a novel AAA+ ATPase, which dynamically changes its oligomeric state. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4442. [PMID: 24658080 PMCID: PMC3963067 DOI: 10.1038/srep04442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease is an idiopathic human cerebrovascular disorder that is characterized by progressive stenosis and abnormal collateral vessels. We recently identified mysterin/RNF213 as its first susceptibility gene, which encodes a 591-kDa protein containing enzymatically active P-loop ATPase and ubiquitin ligase domains and is involved in proper vascular development in zebrafish. Here we demonstrate that mysterin further contains two tandem AAA+ ATPase modules and forms huge ring-shaped oligomeric complex. AAA+ ATPases are known to generally mediate various biophysical and mechanical processes with the characteristic ring-shaped structure. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and biochemical evaluation suggested that mysterin dynamically changes its oligomeric forms through ATP/ADP binding and hydrolysis cycles. Thus, the moyamoya disease-associated gene product is a unique protein that functions as ubiquitin ligase and AAA+ ATPase, which possibly contributes to vascular development through mechanical processes in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Morito
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kouki Nishikawa
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Jun Hoseki
- 1] Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan [2] Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akira Kitamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yuri Kotani
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kiso
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Masataka Kinjo
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Dynamics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujiyoshi
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagata
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
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34
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Dulle JE, Stein KC, True HL. Regulation of the Hsp104 middle domain activity is critical for yeast prion propagation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87521. [PMID: 24466354 PMCID: PMC3900729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones play a significant role in preventing protein misfolding and aggregation. Indeed, some protein conformational disorders have been linked to changes in the chaperone network. Curiously, in yeast, chaperones also play a role in promoting prion maintenance and propagation. While many amyloidogenic proteins are associated with disease in mammals, yeast prion proteins, and their ability to undergo conformational conversion into a prion state, are proposed to play a functional role in yeast biology. The chaperone Hsp104, a AAA+ ATPase, is essential for yeast prion propagation. Hsp104 fragments large prion aggregates to generate a population of smaller oligomers that can more readily convert soluble monomer and be transmitted to daughter cells. Here, we show that the middle (M) domain of Hsp104, and its mobility, plays an integral part in prion propagation. We generated and characterized mutations in the M-domain of Hsp104 that are predicted to stabilize either a repressed or de-repressed conformation of the M-domain (by analogy to ClpB in bacteria). We show that the predicted stabilization of the repressed conformation inhibits general chaperone activity. Mutation to the de-repressed conformation, however, has differential effects on ATP hydrolysis and disaggregation, suggesting that the M-domain is involved in coupling these two activities. Interestingly, we show that changes in the M-domain differentially affect the propagation of different variants of the [PSI+] and [RNQ+] prions, which indicates that some prion variants are more sensitive to changes in the M-domain mobility than others. Thus, we provide evidence that regulation of the M-domain of Hsp104 is critical for efficient prion propagation. This shows the importance of elucidating the function of the M-domain in order to understand the role of Hsp104 in the propagation of different prions and prion variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Dulle
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kevin C. Stein
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Heather L. True
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Roles of Hsp104 and trehalose in solubilisation of mutant huntingtin in heat shocked Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:746-57. [PMID: 24412307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of huntingtin aggregation, either in the nucleus and/or in the cytosol, has been identified as a major strategy to ameliorate the symptoms of Huntington's disease. Chaperones and other protein stabilisers would thus be key players in ensuring the correct folding of the amyloidogenic protein and its expression in the soluble form. By transient activation of the global heat stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeBY4742, we show that heterologous expression of mutant huntingtin (103Q-htt) could be modulated so that the protein was partitioned off in the soluble fraction of the cytosol. This led to lower levels of reactive oxygen species and improved cell viability. Previous reports had speculated on the relationship between trehalose and the heat shock response in ensuring enhanced cell survival but no direct evidence of such an interaction was available. Using mutants of an isogenic strain which do not express the major trehalose synthetic or metabolising enzymes or the chaperone, heat shock protein 104 (Hsp104), we were able to identify the functions of Hsp104 and the osmoprotectant trehalose in solubilising mutant huntingtin. We propose that the beneficial effect of the protein refolding machinery in solubilising the aggregation-prone protein is exerted by maintaining a tight balance between the trehalose synthetic enzyme, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 and Hsp104. This ensures that the level of the osmoprotectant, trehalose, does not exceed the limit beyond which it is reported to inhibit protein refolding.
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36
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Desantis ME, Sweeny EA, Snead D, Leung EH, Go MS, Gupta K, Wendler P, Shorter J. Conserved distal loop residues in the Hsp104 and ClpB middle domain contact nucleotide-binding domain 2 and enable Hsp70-dependent protein disaggregation. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:848-67. [PMID: 24280225 PMCID: PMC3887210 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.520759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The homologous hexameric AAA+ proteins, Hsp104 from yeast and ClpB from bacteria, collaborate with Hsp70 to dissolve disordered protein aggregates but employ distinct mechanisms of intersubunit collaboration. How Hsp104 and ClpB coordinate polypeptide handover with Hsp70 is not understood. Here, we define conserved distal loop residues between middle domain (MD) helix 1 and 2 that are unexpectedly critical for Hsp104 and ClpB collaboration with Hsp70. Surprisingly, the Hsp104 and ClpB MD distal loop does not contact Hsp70 but makes intrasubunit contacts with nucleotide-binding domain 2 (NBD2). Thus, the MD does not invariably project out into solution as in one structural model of Hsp104 and ClpB hexamers. These intrasubunit contacts as well as those between MD helix 2 and NBD1 are different in Hsp104 and ClpB. NBD2-MD contacts dampen disaggregase activity and must separate for protein disaggregation. We demonstrate that ClpB requires DnaK more stringently than Hsp104 requires Hsp70 for protein disaggregation. Thus, we reveal key differences in how Hsp104 and ClpB coordinate polypeptide handover with Hsp70, which likely reflects differential tuning for yeast and bacterial proteostasis.
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37
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Crapeau M, Maillet L, Cullin C. Ploidy controls [URE3] prion propagation in yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 14:324-36. [PMID: 24205798 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous genetic approaches have enabled the identification of key partners for prion propagation in yeast, such as HSP104. All the experiments performed thus far have been conducted in a haploid context. In this study, we used a diploid yeast strain to identify genes that interfere with [URE3] stability. Our screen, based on a multi-copy library, revealed an unsuspected role for centromeric sequences that appear to decrease the mitotic stability of this prion. Because an increase in centromeric sequences interferes with [URE3] transmission, we analyzed this property in tetraploid yeast cells. We found that in such strains, [URE3] is quite unstable, with the concentration of Hsp104p being a key factor for the stabilization of [URE3] in 4n yeast cells. We also showed that HSP104 stabilization can occur independently of its 'disaggregate' activity. These results may explain the discrepancy between wild strains bearing or not bearing prions because they differ in their ploidy. These results provide new insight into prion biology by linking the control of ploidy to protein misfolding and demonstrate that [URE3] is also a gain-of-function phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Crapeau
- IBMM CP300, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgique
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38
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Dulle JE, True HL. Low activity of select Hsp104 mutants is sufficient to propagate unstable prion variants. Prion 2013; 7:394-403. [PMID: 24064980 DOI: 10.4161/pri.26547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperone network plays a critical role in the formation and propagation of self-replicating yeast prions. Not only do individual prions differ in their requirements for certain chaperones, but structural variants of the same prion can also display distinct dependences on the chaperone machinery, specifically Hsp104. The AAA+ ATPase Hsp104 is a disaggregase required for the maintenance of most known yeast prions. As a key component in the propagation of prions, understanding how Hsp104 differs in its interaction with specific variants is crucial to understanding how prion variants may be selected or evolve. Here, we investigate two novel mutations in Hsp104, hsp104-G254D, and hsp104-G730D, which allow us to elucidate some mechanistic features of Hsp104 disaggregation and its requirement for activity in propagating specific prion variants. Both Hsp104 mutants propagate the [PSI+] prion to some extent, but show a high rate of prion loss. Both Hsp104-G254D and Hsp104-G730D display reduced biochemical activity, yet differ in their ability to efficiently resolubilize disordered, heat-aggregated substrates. Additionally, both mutants impair weak [PSI+] propagation, but are capable of propagating the less stable strong [PSI+] variant to some extent. One of the Hsp104 mutants also has the ability to propagate one variant of the [RNQ+] prion. Thus, our data suggest that changes in Hsp104 activity limit substrate disaggregation in a manner that depends more on the stability of the substrate than the nature of the aggregated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Dulle
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Heather L True
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis, MO USA
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39
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DeSantis ME, Leung EH, Sweeny EA, Jackrel ME, Cushman-Nick M, Neuhaus-Follini A, Vashist S, Sochor MA, Knight MN, Shorter J. Operational plasticity enables hsp104 to disaggregate diverse amyloid and nonamyloid clients. Cell 2013; 151:778-793. [PMID: 23141537 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
It is not understood how Hsp104, a hexameric AAA+ ATPase from yeast, disaggregates diverse structures, including stress-induced aggregates, prions, and α-synuclein conformers connected to Parkinson disease. Here, we establish that Hsp104 hexamers adapt different mechanisms of intersubunit collaboration to disaggregate stress-induced aggregates versus amyloid. To resolve disordered aggregates, Hsp104 subunits collaborate noncooperatively via probabilistic substrate binding and ATP hydrolysis. To disaggregate amyloid, several subunits cooperatively engage substrate and hydrolyze ATP. Importantly, Hsp104 variants with impaired intersubunit communication dissolve disordered aggregates, but not amyloid. Unexpectedly, prokaryotic ClpB subunits collaborate differently than Hsp104 and couple probabilistic substrate binding to cooperative ATP hydrolysis, which enhances disordered aggregate dissolution but sensitizes ClpB to inhibition and diminishes amyloid disaggregation. Finally, we establish that Hsp104 hexamers deploy more subunits to disaggregate Sup35 prion strains with more stable "cross-β" cores. Thus, operational plasticity enables Hsp104 to robustly dissolve amyloid and nonamyloid clients, which impose distinct mechanical demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E DeSantis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eunice H Leung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Sweeny
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Meredith E Jackrel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mimi Cushman-Nick
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexandra Neuhaus-Follini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shilpa Vashist
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew A Sochor
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Noelle Knight
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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40
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Hodson S, Marshall JJT, Burston SG. Mapping the road to recovery: the ClpB/Hsp104 molecular chaperone. J Struct Biol 2012; 179:161-71. [PMID: 22659404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The AAA(+)-ATPases are a family of molecular motors which have been seconded into a plethora of cellular tasks. One subset, the Hsp100 molecular chaperones, are general protein remodellers that help to maintain the integrity of the cellular proteome by means of protein destruction or resurrection. In this review we focus on one family of Hsp100s, the homologous ClpB and Hsp104 molecular chaperones that convey thermotolerance by resolubilising and rescuing proteins from aggregates. We explore how the nucleotide binding and hydrolysis properties at the twelve nucleotide-binding domains of these hexameric rings are coupled to protein disaggregation, highlighting similarities and differences between ClpB and Hsp104.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Hodson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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41
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Nowicki Ł, Leźnicki P, Morawiec E, Litwińczuk N, Liberek K. Role of a conserved aspartic acid in nucleotide binding domain 1 (NBD1) of Hsp100 chaperones in their activities. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:361-73. [PMID: 22144132 PMCID: PMC3312961 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its beneficial role in thermotolerance, the chaperone protein Hsp104 is involved in the inheritance of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae prions. Guanidine hydrochloride was previously shown to interfere with Hsp104 chaperone activity in vivo, thus impairing thermotolerance and resulting in prion curing. It was also reported that guanidine inhibits Hsp104 ATPase and disaggregation activity. We show that in vitro guanidine significantly inhibits the disaggregation activity of ClpB, the bacterial orthologue of Hsp104. However, guanidine exerts opposite effects on the ATPase activities of Hsp104 and ClpB. While the ATPase activity of Hsp104 is inhibited, the analogous ClpB activity is stimulated several-fold. Mutation of the universally conserved aspartic acid residue in position 184 to serine (D184S) in HSP104 and the analogous mutation in clpB (D178S) resulted in chaperones with lower disaggregating and ATPase activities. The activities of such changed chaperones are not influenced by guanidine, which suggests the role of this residue in the interaction with guanidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Nowicki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Paweł Leźnicki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
- Present Address: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT UK
| | - Ewa Morawiec
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Natalia Litwińczuk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Liberek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Kladki 24, 80-822 Gdansk, Poland
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42
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Mizuno S, Nakazaki Y, Yoshida M, Watanabe YH. Orientation of the amino-terminal domain of ClpB affects the disaggregation of the protein. FEBS J 2012; 279:1474-84. [PMID: 22348341 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ClpB/Hsp104 efficiently reactivates protein aggregates in cooperation with the DnaK/Hsp70 system. As a member of the AAA+ protein family (i.e. an expanded superfamily of ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities), ClpB forms a ring-shaped hexamer in an ATP-dependent manner. A protomer of ClpB consists of an N-terminal domain (NTD), an AAA+ module, a middle domain and another AAA+ module. In the crystal structures, the NTDs point to two different directions relative to other domains and are not visible in the single-particle cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction, suggesting that the NTD is highly mobile. In the present study, we generated mutants in which the NTD was anchored to other domain by disulfide cross-linking and compared several aspects of ClpB function between the reduced and oxidized mutants, using the wild-type and NTD-truncated ClpB (ClpBΔN) as references. In their oxidized form, the mutants and wild-type bind casein with a similar affinity, although the affinity of ClpBΔN for casein was significantly low. However, the extent of casein-induced stimulation of ATPase, the rate of substrate threading and the efficiency of protein disaggregation of these mutants were all lower than those of the wild-type but similar to those of ClpBΔN. These results indicate that the NTD supports the substrate binding of ClpB and that its conformational shift assists the threading and disaggregation of substrate proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Mizuno
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
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43
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Cagliari TC, da Silva VCH, Borges JC, Prando A, Tasic L, Ramos CHI. Sugarcane Hsp101 is a hexameric chaperone that binds nucleotides. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:1022-30. [PMID: 21903129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The Clp/Hsp100 AAA+ chaperone family is involved in recovering aggregated proteins and little is known about other orthologs of the well studied ClpB from Escherichia coli and Hsp104 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Plant Hsp101 is a good model for understanding the relationship between the structure and function of Hsp100 proteins and to investigate the role of these chaperones in disaggregation processes. Here, we present the cloning and purification of a sugarcane ortholog, SHsp101, which is expressed in sugarcane cells and is a folded hexamer that is capable of binding nucleotides. Thus SHsp101 has the structural and functional characteristics of the Clp/Hsp100 AAA+ family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago C Cagliari
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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44
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Wendler P, Ciniawsky S, Kock M, Kube S. Structure and function of the AAA+ nucleotide binding pocket. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1823:2-14. [PMID: 21839118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Members of the diverse superfamily of AAA+ proteins are molecular machines responsible for a wide range of essential cellular processes. In this review we summarise structural and functional data surrounding the nucleotide binding pocket of these versatile complexes. Protein Data Bank (PDB) structures of closely related AAA+ ATPase are overlaid and biologically relevant motifs are displayed. Interactions between protomers are illustrated on the basis of oligomeric structures of each AAA+ subgroup. The possible role of conserved motifs in the nucleotide binding pocket is assessed with regard to ATP binding and hydrolysis, oligomerisation and inter-subunit communication. Our comparison indicates that in particular the roles of the arginine finger and sensor 2 residues differ subtly between AAA+ subgroups, potentially providing a means for functional diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Wendler
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.
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45
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Desantis ME, Shorter J. The elusive middle domain of Hsp104 and ClpB: location and function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1823:29-39. [PMID: 21843558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hsp104 in yeast and ClpB in bacteria are homologous, hexameric AAA+ proteins and Hsp100 chaperones, which function in the stress response as ring-translocases that drive protein disaggregation and reactivation. Both Hsp104 and ClpB contain a distinctive coiled-coil middle domain (MD) inserted in the first AAA+ domain, which distinguishes them from other AAA+ proteins and Hsp100 family members. Here, we focus on recent developments concerning the location and function of the MD in these hexameric molecular machines, which remains an outstanding question. While the atomic structure of the hexameric assembly of Hsp104 and ClpB remains uncertain, recent advances have illuminated that the MD is critical for the intrinsic disaggregase activity of the hexamer and mediates key functional interactions with the Hsp70 chaperone system (Hsp70 and Hsp40) that empower protein disaggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Desantis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at The University of Pennsylvania, 805b Stellar-Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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46
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Yamasaki T, Nakazaki Y, Yoshida M, Watanabe YH. Roles of conserved arginines in ATP-binding domains of AAA+ chaperone ClpB from Thermus thermophilus. FEBS J 2011; 278:2395-403. [PMID: 21554542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ClpB, a member of the expanded superfamily of ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA+), forms a ring-shaped hexamer and cooperates with the DnaK chaperone system to reactivate aggregated proteins in an ATP-dependent manner. The ClpB protomer consists of an N-terminal domain, an AAA+ module (AAA-1), a middle domain, and a second AAA+ module (AAA-2). Each AAA+ module contains highly conserved WalkerA and WalkerB motifs, and two arginines (AAA-1) or one arginine (AAA-2). Here, we investigated the roles of these arginines (Arg322, Arg323, and Arg747) of ClpB from Thermus thermophilus in the ATPase cycle and chaperone function by alanine substitution. These mutations did not affect nucleotide binding, but did inhibit the hydrolysis of the bound ATP and slow the threading of the denatured protein through the central pore of the T. thermophilus ClpB ring, which severely impaired the chaperone functions. Previously, it was demonstrated that ATP binding to the AAA-1 module induced motion of the middle domain and stabilized the ClpB hexamer. However, the arginine mutations of the AAA-1 module destabilized the ClpB hexamer, even though ATP-induced motion of the middle domain was not affected. These results indicated that the three arginines are crucial for ATP hydrolysis and chaperone activity, but not for ATP binding. In addition, the two arginines in AAA-1 and the ATP-induced motion of the middle domain independently contribute to the stabilization of the hexamer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamasaki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Okamoto, Kobe, Japan
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47
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Rubel AA, Saifitdinova AF, Lada AG, Nizhnikov AA, Inge-Vechtomov SG, Galkin AP. Yeast chaperone Hsp104 controls gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Mol Biol 2011; 42:110-6. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893308010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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48
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CryoEM structure of Hsp104 and its mechanistic implication for protein disaggregation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:8135-40. [PMID: 20404203 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1003572107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp104 is a ring-forming AAA+ machine that recognizes both aggregated proteins and prion-fibrils as substrates and, together with the Hsp70 system, remodels substrates in an ATP-dependent manner. Whereas the ability to disaggregate proteins is dependent on the Hsp104 M-domain, the location of the M-domain is controversial and its exact function remains unknown. Here we present cryoEM structures of two Hsp104 variants in both crosslinked and noncrosslinked form, in addition to the structure of a functional Hsp104 chimera harboring T4 lysozyme within the M-domain helix L2. Unexpectedly, we found that our Hsp104 chimera has gained function and can solubilize heat-aggregated beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) in the absence of the Hsp70 system. Our fitted structures confirm that the subunit arrangement of Hsp104 is similar to other AAA+ machines, and place the M-domains on the Hsp104 exterior, where they can potentially interact with large, aggregated proteins.
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49
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Vashist S, Cushman M, Shorter J. Applying Hsp104 to protein-misfolding disorders. Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 88:1-13. [PMID: 20130674 DOI: 10.1139/o09-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp104, a hexameric AAA+ ATPase found in yeast, transduces energy from cycles of ATP binding and hydrolysis to resolve disordered protein aggregates and cross-beta amyloid conformers. These disaggregation activities are often co-ordinated by the Hsp70 chaperone system and confer considerable selective advantages. First, renaturation of aggregated conformers by Hsp104 is critical for yeast survival after various environmental stresses. Second, amyloid remodeling by Hsp104 enables yeast to exploit multifarious prions as a reservoir of beneficial and heritable phenotypic variation. Curiously, although highly conserved in plants, fungi and bacteria, Hsp104 orthologues are absent from metazoa. Indeed, metazoan proteostasis seems devoid of a system that couples protein disaggregation to renaturation. Here, we review recent endeavors to enhance metazoan proteostasis by applying Hsp104 to the specific protein-misfolding events that underpin two deadly neurodegenerative amyloidoses. Hsp104 potently inhibits Abeta42 amyloidogenesis, which is connected with Alzheimer's disease, but appears unable to disaggregate preformed Abeta42 fibers. By contrast, Hsp104 inhibits and reverses the formation of alpha-synuclein oligomers and fibers, which are connected to Parkinson's disease. Importantly, Hsp104 antagonizes the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons induced by alpha-synuclein misfolding in the rat substantia nigra. These studies raise hopes for developing Hsp104 as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Vashist
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 805b Stellar-Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Grimminger-Marquardt V, Lashuel HA. Structure and function of the molecular chaperone Hsp104 from yeast. Biopolymers 2010; 93:252-76. [PMID: 19768774 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone Hsp104 plays a central role in the clearance of aggregates after heat shock and the propagation of yeast prions. Hsp104's disaggregation activity and prion propagation have been linked to its ability to resolubilize or remodel protein aggregates. However, Hsp104 has also the capacity to catalyze protein aggregation of some substrates at specific conditions. Hence, it is a molecular chaperone with two opposing activities with respect to protein aggregation. In yeast models of Huntington's disease, Hsp104 is required for the aggregation and toxicity of polyglutamine (polyQ), but the expression of Hsp104 in cellular and animal models of Huntington's and Parkinson's disease protects against polyQ and alpha-synuclein toxicity. Therefore, elucidating the molecular determinants and mechanisms underlying the ability of Hsp104 to switch between these two activities is of critical importance for understanding its function and could provide insight into novel strategies aimed at preventing or reversing the formation of toxic protein aggregation in systemic and neurodegenerative protein misfolding diseases. Here, we present an overview of the current molecular models and hypotheses that have been proposed to explain the role of Hsp104 in modulating protein aggregation and prion propagation. The experimental approaches and the evidences presented so far in relation to these models are examined. Our primary objective is to offer a critical review that will inspire the use of novel techniques and the design of new experiments to proceed towards a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the multifunctional properties of Hsp104 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Grimminger-Marquardt
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuroproteomics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), FSV-BMI AI 2137.1, Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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