1
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Wang D, Madunić K, Mayboroda OA, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Wuhrer M. (Sialyl)Lewis Antigen Expression on Glycosphingolipids, N-, and O-Glycans in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines is Linked to a Colon-Like Differentiation Program. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100776. [PMID: 38670309 PMCID: PMC11128521 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the glycomic profile are a hallmark of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). While, the glycosylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids has been widely studied for CRC cell lines and tissues, a comprehensive overview of CRC glycomics is still lacking due to the usage of different samples and analytical methods. In this study, we compared glycosylation features of N-, O-glycans, and glycosphingolipid glycans for a set of 22 CRC cell lines, all measured by porous graphitized carbon nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. An overall, high abundance of (sialyl)Lewis antigens for colon-like cell lines was found, while undifferentiated cell lines showed high expression of H blood group antigens and α2-3/6 sialylation. Moreover, significant associations of glycosylation features were found between the three classes of glycans, such as (sialyl)Lewis and H blood group antigens. Integration of the datasets with transcriptomics data revealed positive correlations between (sialyl)Lewis antigens, the corresponding glycosyltransferase FUT3 and transcription factors CDX1, ETS, HNF1/4A, MECOM, and MYB. This indicates a possible role of these transcription factors in the upregulation of (sialyl)Lewis antigens, particularly on glycosphingolipid glycans, via FUT3/4 expression in colon-like cell lines. In conclusion, our study provides insights into the possible regulation of glycans in CRC and can serve as a guide for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katarina Madunić
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oleg A Mayboroda
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Guinevere S M Lageveen-Kammeijer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Division of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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2
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Fluorescence Melting Curve Analysis for Concurrent Genotyping of Three Tag SNPs in FUT3. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123039. [PMID: 36553046 PMCID: PMC9777090 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of Lewis blood group antigens is governed by two fucosyltransferase genes, FUT2 and FUT3. Evidence is accumulating to suggest that functional polymorphisms of FUT2 and FUT3 are associated with a variety of clinical conditions. Fluorescence melting curve analysis (FMCA), using three different dual-labeled probes for concurrent genotyping of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of FUT3, c.59T>G, c.314C>T, and c.484G>A for Lewis-negative allele inference, was developed and validated using Ghanaian and Caucasian subjects. Although two other SNPs, c.55G>A, and c.61C>T, are located in the probe sequence for c.59T>G, it seems feasible to detect these two SNPs along with c.59T>G. The results obtained by probe-based FMCA were in perfect accordance with those obtained by Sanger sequencing for 106 Ghanaians and 100 Caucasians. The present method is useful and reliable for estimating Lewis-negative alleles on a relatively large scale.
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3
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Soejima M, Koda Y. Rapid genotyping of 508G>A (rs3745635) and 1067T>A (rs3894326) of FUT3 by a duplex Eprobe-mediated melting curve analysis. Vox Sang 2022; 117:741-745. [PMID: 35020216 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Lewis histo-blood group phenotypes are regulated by the action of FUT3-encoded α(1,3/1,4)fucosyltransferase and FUT2-encoded α(1,2)fucosyltransferase. Since Lewis phenotypes are suggested to be associated with various clinical conditions, a method for large-scale FUT3 genotyping is desirable. In worldwide populations, 508G>A and 1067T>A of FUT3 are two of three common causal single nucleotide polymorphisms for Lewis-negative alleles. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a duplex Eprobe-mediated melting curve analysis for genotyping 508G>A and 1067T>A simultaneously and applied this method to 106 Ghanaian and 140 Japanese subjects. RESULTS The results of both 508G>A and 1067T>A genotyping by duplex Eprobe-mediated melting curve analysis were completely in agreement with the results of a DNA sequence analysis in 106 Ghanaians and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in 140 Japanese subjects. CONCLUSION The present duplex Eprobe-mediated melting curve analysis is valid and credible for large-scale estimation of Lewis-negative alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Soejima
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Koda
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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4
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Martin KC, Tricomi J, Corzana F, García-García A, Ceballos-Laita L, Hicks T, Monaco S, Angulo J, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Richichi B, Sackstein R. Fucosyltransferase-specific inhibition via next generation of fucose mimetics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1145-1148. [PMID: 33411866 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04847j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to custom-modify cell surface glycans holds great promise for treatment of a variety of diseases. We propose a glycomimetic of l-fucose that markedly inhibits the creation of sLeX by FTVI and FTVII, but has no effect on creation of LeX by FTIX. Our findings thus indicate that selective suppression of sLex display can be achieved, and STD-NMR studies surprisingly reveal that the mimetic does not compete with GDP-fucose at the enzymatic binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C Martin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Program of Excellence in Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacopo Tricomi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ana García-García
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I + D, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Ceballos-Laita
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I + D, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Thomas Hicks
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR47TJ, Norwich, UK
| | - Serena Monaco
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR47TJ, Norwich, UK
| | - Jesus Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, NR47TJ, Norwich, UK and Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Prof. García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain and Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), Avda. Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I + D, Zaragoza, Spain and Fundación ARAID, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain and Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzada (LMA), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I + D, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine, Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. and Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Program of Excellence in Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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5
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Wu ZL, Whittaker M, Ertelt JM, Person AD, Kalabokis V. Detecting substrate glycans of fucosyltransferases with fluorophore-conjugated fucose and methods for glycan electrophoresis. Glycobiology 2020; 30:970-980. [PMID: 32248235 PMCID: PMC7724747 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Like sialylation, fucose usually locates at the nonreducing ends of various glycans on glycoproteins and constitutes important glycan epitopes. Detecting the substrate glycans of fucosyltransferases is important for understanding how these glycan epitopes are regulated in response to different growth conditions and external stimuli. Here we report the detection of these glycans on glycoproteins as well as in their free forms via enzymatic incorporation of fluorophore-conjugated fucose using FUT2, FUT6, FUT7, FUT8 and FUT9. Specifically, we describe the detection of the substrate glycans of these enzymes on fetal bovine fetuin, recombinant H1N1 viral neuraminidase and therapeutic antibodies. The detected glycans include complex and high-mannose N-glycans. By establishing a series of precursors for the synthesis of Lewis X and sialyl Lewis X structures, we not only provide convenient electrophoresis methods for studying glycosylation but also demonstrate the substrate specificities and some kinetic features of these enzymes. Our results support the notion that fucosyltransferases are key targets for regulating the synthesis of Lewis X and sialyl Lewis X structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengliang L Wu
- Bio-techne, R&D Systems, Inc., 614 McKinley Place N.E., Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | - Mark Whittaker
- Bio-techne, R&D Systems, Inc., 614 McKinley Place N.E., Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | - James M Ertelt
- Bio-techne, R&D Systems, Inc., 614 McKinley Place N.E., Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | - Anthony D Person
- Bio-techne, R&D Systems, Inc., 614 McKinley Place N.E., Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
| | - Vassili Kalabokis
- Bio-techne, R&D Systems, Inc., 614 McKinley Place N.E., Minneapolis, MN 55413, USA
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6
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Li D, Sun H, Bai G, Wang W, Liu M, Bao Z, Li J, Liu H. α-1,3-Fucosyltransferase-VII siRNA inhibits the expression of SLex and hepatocarcinoma cell proliferation. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2700-2708. [PMID: 30226570 PMCID: PMC6192724 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased expression of sialyl-Lewisx (SLex) epitope on the surface of tumor cells has been known for decades. However, genetic manipulation of the expression of SLex and the role of SLex in cancer cell proliferation remains to be fully elucidated. The present study suggested that the monoclonal antibody of SLex (KM93) significantly inhibited the proliferation of human hepatocarcinoma (HCC) cells. The expression levels of three sialyl-Lewis oligosaccharide antigens, SLex, SLea and dimeric SLex (SDLex), were determined on the cell surface of the MHCC97 human HCC cell line. The expression of SLex was markedly higher in MHCC97 cells than in normal liver cells. The expression of SDLex was also relatively high, however, no significant difference was observed between normal liver cells and HCC cells. The expression of SLea was only detected in trace quantities. Fucosyltransferase (FUT) is the key enzyme of the fucosylation step in the biosynthesis of sialyl-Lewis oligosaccharide antigens. Therefore, the present study investigated the expression of FUTs. It was found that the mRNA and protein expression levels of FUT7 were high in the MHCC97 HCC cell line compared with levels in normal liver cells. FUT6 was also expressed at a high level, although the difference was not statistically significant between MHCC97 cells and normal liver cells. No expression of FUT3 was detected. The results were consistent with the change insialyl-Lewis antigens. The effects of FUT7 small interfering (si)RNA transfection on the expression of FUT7, expression of SLex and MHCC97 cell proliferation were also examined. Following FUT7 siRNA transfection, the expression of FUT7 was markedly downregulated, as determined by western blot and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction methods. The results from flow cytometry showed that the synthesis of SLex was also inhibited, which was consistent with the downregulated expression of FUT7. MHCC97 cell proliferation was also significantly inhibited following FUT7 siRNA transfection, which was correlated with suppression of the S-phase in cell cycle progression. By using inhibitors of various signaling pathways, it was found that the knockdown of FUT7 inhibited the activation of phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) by inhibiting the translocation and phosphorylation of PLCγ. In conclusion, the results suggested that FUT7 has animportant functional role in human HCC cell proliferation by controlling cell cycle progression via the PLCγ/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway. The inhibition of SLex and FUT7 siRNA transfection may provide a novel therapeutic methodology to treat tumors that express SLex glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Guang Bai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiye Bao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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7
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Mondal N, Dykstra B, Lee J, Ashline DJ, Reinhold VN, Rossi DJ, Sackstein R. Distinct human α(1,3)-fucosyltransferases drive Lewis-X/sialyl Lewis-X assembly in human cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7300-7314. [PMID: 29593094 PMCID: PMC5950021 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, six α(1,3)-fucosyltransferases (α(1,3)-FTs: FT3/FT4/FT5/FT6/FT7/FT9) reportedly fucosylate terminal lactosaminyl glycans yielding Lewis-X (LeX; CD15) and/or sialyl Lewis-X (sLeX; CD15s), structures that play key functions in cell migration, development, and immunity. Prior studies analyzing α(1,3)-FT specificities utilized either purified and/or recombinant enzymes to modify synthetic substrates under nonphysiological reaction conditions or molecular biology approaches wherein α(1,3)-FTs were expressed in mammalian cell lines, notably excluding investigations using primary human cells. Accordingly, although significant insights into α(1,3)-FT catalytic properties have been obtained, uncertainty persists regarding their human LeX/sLeX biosynthetic range across various glycoconjugates. Here, we undertook a comprehensive evaluation of the lactosaminyl product specificities of intracellularly expressed α(1,3)-FTs using a clinically relevant primary human cell type, mesenchymal stem cells. Cells were transfected with modified mRNA encoding each human α(1,3)-FT, and the resultant α(1,3)-fucosylated lactosaminyl glycoconjugates were analyzed using a combination of flow cytometry and MS. The data show that biosynthesis of sLeX is driven by FTs-3, -5, -6, and -7, with FT6 and FT7 having highest potency. FT4 and FT9 dominantly biosynthesize LeX, and, among all FTs, FT6 holds a unique capacity in creating sLeX and LeX determinants across protein and lipid glycoconjugates. Surprisingly, FT4 does not generate sLeX on glycolipids, and neither FT4, FT6, nor FT9 synthesizes the internally fucosylated sialyllactosamine VIM-2 (CD65s). These results unveil the relevant human lactosaminyl glycans created by human α(1,3)-FTs, providing novel insights on how these isoenzymes stereoselectively shape biosynthesis of vital glycoconjugates, thereby biochemically programming human cell migration and tuning human immunologic and developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Mondal
- Department of Dermatology and Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Brad Dykstra
- Department of Dermatology and Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - David J Ashline
- Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, The Glycomics Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03828
| | - Vernon N Reinhold
- Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, The Glycomics Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03828
| | - Derrick J Rossi
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Dermatology and Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
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8
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Silva M, Videira PA, Sackstein R. E-Selectin Ligands in the Human Mononuclear Phagocyte System: Implications for Infection, Inflammation, and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1878. [PMID: 29403469 PMCID: PMC5780348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocyte system comprises a network of circulating monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), and “histiocytes” (tissue-resident macrophages and DCs) that are derived in part from blood-borne monocytes and DCs. The capacity of circulating monocytes and DCs to function as the body’s first-line defense against offending pathogens greatly depends on their ability to egress the bloodstream and infiltrate inflammatory sites. Extravasation involves a sequence of coordinated molecular events and is initiated by E-selectin-mediated deceleration of the circulating leukocytes onto microvascular endothelial cells of the target tissue. E-selectin is inducibly expressed by cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β) on inflamed endothelium, and binds to sialofucosylated glycan determinants displayed on protein and lipid scaffolds of blood cells. Efficient extravasation of circulating monocytes and DCs to inflamed tissues is crucial in facilitating an effective immune response, but also fuels the immunopathology of several inflammatory disorders. Thus, insights into the structural and functional properties of the E-selectin ligands expressed by different monocyte and DC populations is key to understanding the biology of protective immunity and the pathobiology of several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. This review will address the role of E-selectin in recruitment of human circulating monocytes and DCs to sites of tissue injury/inflammation, the structural biology of the E-selectin ligands expressed by these cells, and the molecular effectors that shape E-selectin ligand cell-specific display. In addition, therapeutic approaches targeting E-selectin receptor/ligand interactions, which can be used to boost host defense or, conversely, to dampen pathological inflammatory conditions, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Silva
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paula A Videira
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Program of Excellence in Glycosciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Liang L, Gao C, Li Y, Sun M, Xu J, Li H, Jia L, Zhao Y. miR-125a-3p/FUT5-FUT6 axis mediates colorectal cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and pathological angiogenesis via PI3K-Akt pathway. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2968. [PMID: 28771224 PMCID: PMC5596543 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The fucosyltransferase (FUT) family produces glycans, a fundamental event in several cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). miR-125a-3p is a non-coding RNA that can reduce cell proliferation and migration in cancer. In this study, we explored the levels of miR-125a-3p and FUT expression in human CRC tissues and two human CRC cell lines by qPCR. The results showed that miR-125a-3p, FUT5 and FUT6 are differentially expressed in normal and tumour tissues. On the basis of our previous research, FUT can be regulated by miRNA, which influences the proliferation and invasion of breast and hepatocellular cancer cells. We hypothesised that FUT5 and FUT6 may be regulated by miR-125a-3p. Luciferase reporter analyses were applied to identify potential target genes of miR-125a-3p. A functional study showed that miR-125a-3p overexpression can inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of CRC cells via down-regulating FUT5 and FUT6. In addition, regulating miR-125a-3p, FUT5 or FUT6 expression markedly modulated the activity of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, and this effect of FUT5 or FUT6 could be reversed by transfection with miR-125a-3p-mimics. Taken together, our data suggest that both FUT5 and FUT6 can promote the development of CRC via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, which is regulated by miR-125a-3p. miR-125a-3p may serve as a predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chengshun Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingchao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huairui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yongfu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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10
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Shan X, Tian LL, Zhang YM, Wang XQ, Yan Q, Liu JW. Ginsenoside Rg3 suppresses FUT4 expression through inhibiting NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway to promote melanoma cell death. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:701-9. [PMID: 26094873 PMCID: PMC6903900 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glycosylation is catalyzed by the specific glycosyltransferases and correlates with tumor cell apoptosis. Increased fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) is seen in many types of cancer, and manipulating FUT4 expression through specific signaling pathway inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis. NF-κB is known playing a vital role to control cell growth and apoptosis. Ginsenoside Rg3 is an herbal medicine with strong antitumor activity through inhibiting tumor growth and promoting tumor cell death. However, whether Rg3-induced inhibition on tumor development involves reduced NF-κB signaling and FUT4 expression remains unknown. In the present study, we found that Rg3 suppressed FUT4 expression by abrogating the binding of NF-κB to FUT4 promoter through inhibiting the expression of signaling molecules of NF-κB pathway, reducing NF-κB DNA binding activity and NF-κB transcription activity. NF-κB inhibitor (Bay 11-7082) or knocking down p65 expression by p65 siRNA also led to a significant decreased FUT4 expression. In addition, Rg3 induced apoptosis by activating both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Moreover, in a xenograft mouse model, Rg3 downregulated FUT4 and NF-κB/p65 expression and suppressed melanoma cell growth and induced apoptosis without any noticeable toxicity. In conclusion, Rg3 induces tumor cell apoptosis correlated with its inhibitory effect on NF-κB signaling pathway-mediated FUT4 expression. Results suggest Rg3 might be a novel therapy agent for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Shan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Li Li Tian
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yu Mei Zhang
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Qi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qiu Yan
- Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Ji Wei Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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Ryoo H, Ryu J, Lee C. Transcriptional Downregulation by Nucleotide Substitution with the Minor Allele of rs3760776 Located in the Promoter of FUT6 Gene. Biochem Genet 2015; 53:72-8. [PMID: 25962326 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-015-9673-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the promoter activity of an association signal in an upstream region of the gene encoding fucosyltransferae 6 (FUT6) identified from a recent genomewide association study for the N-glycan level. The luciferase assay using reporter constructs with T and C alleles at rs3760776 revealed differential promoter activity. The amount of luciferin expressed with the C allele corresponded to that without the reporter construct (P > 0.05). On the other hand, the expression was dramatically reduced with the T allele (P < 0.05). The difference in transcriptional activity between the two alleles was confirmed by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. It demonstrated that the promoter with a T allele had a stronger binding affinity to nuclear factors than that with the C allele. We concluded that the T allele of rs3760776 might repress the transcription of the FUT6 gene. Further studies are warranted to understand its underlying mechanism and its influence on susceptibility to potential diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Ryoo
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, 511 Sangdo-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Shan X, Aziz F, Tian LL, Wang XQ, Yan Q, Liu JW. Ginsenoside Rg3-induced EGFR/MAPK pathway deactivation inhibits melanoma cell proliferation by decreasing FUT4/LeY expression. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1667-76. [PMID: 25672851 PMCID: PMC6903901 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a destructive and lethal form of skin cancer with poor prognosis. An effective treatment for melanoma is greatly needed. Ginsenoside Rg3 is a herbal medicine with high antitumor activity. It is reported that abnormal glycosylation is correlated with the tumor cell growth. However, the antitumor effect of Rg3 on melanoma and its mechanism on regulating glycosylation are unknown. We found that Rg3 did not only inhibit A375 melanoma cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, but also decreased the expression of fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) and its synthetic product Lewis Y (LeY), a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA). Knocking down FUT4 expression by siRNA dramatically reduced FUT4/LeY level and inhibited cell proliferation through preventing the activation of EGFR/MAPK pathway. Consistently, the inhibitory effect of the Rg3 and FUT4 knockdown on melanoma growth was also seen in a xenograft melanoma mouse model. In conclusion, Rg3 effectively inhibited melanoma cell growth by downregulating FUT4 both in vitro and in vivo. Targeting FUT4/LeY mediated fucosylation by Rg3 inhibited the activation of EGFR/MAPK pathway and prevented melanoma growth. Results from this study suggest Rg3 is a potential novel therapy agent for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Shan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P.R. China
| | - Faisal Aziz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Liaoning Provincial Core Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Li Li Tian
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Qi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qiu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Liaoning Provincial Core Laboratory of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Ji Wei Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P.R. China
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13
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Yan X, Lin Y, Liu S, Aziz F, Yan Q. Fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) as an effective biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 70:299-304. [PMID: 25776515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific enzymes are involved in altered glycosylation of cancer. Fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) is associated with the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer. The application of FUT4 assay in the serum has not been reported yet. Here, the expression level of FUT4 in the breast cancer patient's tissues (n=60) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and the secreted FUT4 in blood serum samples (n=225) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using low metastatic MCF-7 and high metastatic MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, FUT4 expression was also detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescent staining. The conventional cancer biomarkers cancer antigen (CA15.3) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was analyzed by Elecsys-electrochemical immune assay (ECLIA) to compare specificity and sensitivity with that of FUT4. We have observed a significant high expression of FUT4 in breast cancer tissues and serums as compared to the normal tissues (P<0.01) and control serums (P<0.05). FUT4 expression was increased in MDA-MB-231 cells vs. that in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, the results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was shown, area under curve of FUT4 (AUC=0.784) was higher than that of CA15.3 (AUC=0.468) and CEA (AUC=0.563). The relation analysis is indicated FUT4 is significantly correlated with CA15.3 (r=0.234, P<0.05) and there is no significant correlation with CEA. In conclusion, this study suggests that FUT4 can serve as novel biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, 116044 Liaoning, China; College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 Liaoning, China
| | - Yingwei Lin
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023 Liaoning, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 Liaoning, China
| | - Faisal Aziz
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044 Liaoning, China
| | - Qiu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, 116044 Liaoning, China.
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14
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Fucosylated TGF-β receptors transduces a signal for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:156-63. [PMID: 24253505 PMCID: PMC3887298 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a major inducer of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in different cell types. TGF-β-mediated EMT is thought to contribute to tumour cell spread and metastasis. Sialyl Lewis antigens synthesised by fucosyltransferase (FUT) 3 and FUT6 are highly expressed in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and are utilised as tumour markers for cancer detection and evaluation of treatment efficacy. However, the role of FUT3 and FUT6 in augmenting the malignant potential of CRC induced by TGF-β is unclear. Methods: Colorectal cancer cell lines were transfected with siRNAs for FUT3/6 and were examined by cell proliferation, invasion and migration assays. The expression and phosphorylation status of TGF-β downstream molecules were analysed by western blot. Fucosylation of TGF-β receptor (TβR) was examined by lectin blot analysis. Results: Inhibition of FUT3/6 expression by siRNAs suppressed the fucosylation of type I TβR and phosphorylation of the downstream molecules, thereby inhibiting the invasion and migration of CRC cells by EMT. Conclusion: Fucosyltransferase 3/6 has an essential role in cancer cell adhesion to endothelial cells by upregulation of sialyl Lewis antigens and also by enhancement of cancer cell migration through TGF-β-mediated EMT.
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15
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Role of fucosyltransferase IV in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e735. [PMID: 23887626 PMCID: PMC3730415 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial step in tumor progression and has an important role during cancer invasion and metastasis. Although fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) has been implicated in the modulation of cell migration, invasion and cancer metastasis, its role during EMT is unclear. This study explores the molecular mechanisms of the involvement of FUT4 in EMT in breast cancer cells. Breast cancer cell lines display increased expression of FUT4, which is accompanied by enhanced appearance of the mesenchymal phenotype and which can be reversed by knockdown of endogenous FUT4. Moreover, FUT4 induced activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and inactivation of GSK3β and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, resulting in increased Snail and MMP-9 expression and greater cell motility. Taken together, these findings indicate that FUT4 has a role in EMT through activation of the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signaling systems, which induce the key mediators Snail and MMP-9 and facilitate the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype. Our findings support the possibility that FUT4 is a novel regulator of EMT in breast cancer cells and a promising target for cancer therapy.
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α2,3-Sialyltransferase ST3Gal IV promotes migration and metastasis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells and tends to be highly expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1748-57. [PMID: 23726834 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sialyltransferases have received much attention recently as they are frequently up-regulated in cancer cells. However, the role played by each sialyltransferase in tumour progression is still unknown. α2,3-Sialyltransferases ST3Gal III and ST3Gal IV are involved in sialyl-Lewis(x) (SLe(x)) synthesis. Given that the role of ST3Gal III in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells has been previously reported, in this study we have focused on investigating the role of ST3Gal IV in the acquisition of adhesive, migratory and metastatic capabilities and, secondly, in analyzing the expression of ST3Gal III and ST3Gal IV in pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues versus control tissues. ST3Gal IV overexpressing pancreatic adenocarcinoma MDAPanc-28 cell lines were generated. They showed a heterogeneous increase in SLe(x), and enhanced E-selectin adhesion and migration. Furthermore, when injected into nude mice, increased metastasis and decreased survival were found in comparison with controls. The behaviour of MDAPanc-28 ST3Gal IV overexpressing cells in these processes was similar to the already reported MDAPanc-28 ST3Gal III overexpressing cells. Furthermore, pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues tended to express high levels of ST3Gal III and ST3Gal IV together with other fucosyltransferase genes FUT3 and FUT6, all involved in the last steps of sialyl-Lewis(x) biosynthesis. In conclusion, both α2,3-sialyltransferases are involved in key steps of pancreatic tumour progression processes and are highly expressed in most pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissues.
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17
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Tu Z, Lin YN, Lin CH. Development of fucosyltransferase and fucosidase inhibitors. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4459-75. [PMID: 23588106 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
L-Fucose-containing glycoconjugates are essential for a myriad of physiological and pathological activities, such as inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, tumor metastasis, and genetic disorders. Fucosyltransferases and fucosidases, the main enzymes involved in the incorporation and cleavage of L-fucose residues, respectively, represent captivating targets for therapeutic treatment and diagnosis. We herein review the important breakthroughs in the development of fucosyltransferase and fucosidase inhibitors. To demonstrate how the synthesized small molecules interact with the target enzymes, i.e. delineation of the structure-activity relationship, we cover the reaction mechanisms and resolved X-ray crystal structures, discuss how this information guides the design of enzyme inhibitors, and explain how the molecules were optimized to achieve satisfying potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijay Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry and Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No.128 Academia Road Section 2, Nan-Kang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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18
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Guo Q, Guo B, Wang Y, Wu J, Jiang W, Zhao S, Qiao S, Wu Y. Functional analysis of α1,3/4-fucosyltransferase VI in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:311-7. [PMID: 22155250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The α1,3/4-fucosyltransferases (FUT) subfamily are key enzymes in cell surface antigen synthesis during various biological processes. A novel role of FUTs in tumorigenesis has been discovered recently, however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we characterized FUT6, a member of α1,3/4-FUT subfamily, in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In HCC tissues, the expression levels of FUT6 and its catalytic product SLe(x) were significantly up-regulated. Overexpression of FUT6 in HCC cells enhanced S-phase cell population, promoted cell growth and colony formation ability. Moreover, subcutaneously injection of FUT6-overexpressing cells in nude mice promoted cell growth in vivo. In addition, elevating FUT6 expression markedly induced intracellular Akt phosphorylation, and suppressed the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor p21. Bath application of the PI3K inhibitor blocked FUT6-induced Akt phosphorylation, p21 suppression and cell proliferation. Our results suggest that FUT6 plays an important role in HCC growth by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiya Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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19
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Regulation of glycosyltransferases and Lewis antigens expression by IL-1β and IL-6 in human gastric cancer cells. Glycoconj J 2011; 28:99-110. [PMID: 21365246 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-011-9327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation of stomach mucosa has been postulated as initiator of gastric carcinogenesis and the presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines can regulate specific genes involved in this process. The cellular expression pattern of glycosyltransferases and Lewis antigens detected in the normal mucosa changed during the neoplassic transformation. The aim of this work was to determine the regulation of specific fucosyltransferases and sialyltransferases by IL-1β and IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokines in MKN45 gastric cancer cells. IL-1β induced significant increases in the mRNA levels of FUT1, FUT2 and FUT4, and decreases of FUT3 and FUT5. In IL-6 treatments, enhanced FUT1 and lower FUT3 and FUT5 mRNA expression were detected. No substantial changes were observed in the levels of ST3GalIII and ST3GalIV. The activation of FUT1, FUT2 and FUT4 by IL-1β is through the NF-κB pathway and the down-regulation of FUT3 and FUT5 by IL-6 is through the gp130/STAT-3 pathway, since they are inhibited specifically by panepoxydone and AG490, respectively. The levels of Lewis antigens after IL-1β or IL-6 stimulation decreased for sialyl-Lewis x, and no significant differences were found in the rest of the Lewis antigens analyzed, as it was also observed in subcutaneous mice tumors from MKN45 cells treated with IL-1β or IL-6. In addition, in 61 human intestinal-type gastric tumors, sialyl-Lewis x was highly detected in samples from patients that developed metastasis. These results indicate that the expression of the fucosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of Lewis antigens in gastric cancer cells can be specifically modulated by IL-1β and IL-6 inflammatory cytokines.
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20
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Lewis Glyco-Epitopes: Structure, Biosynthesis, and Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 705:53-80. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7877-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Trinchera M, Malagolini N, Chiricolo M, Santini D, Minni F, Caretti A, Dall'olio F. The biosynthesis of the selectin-ligand sialyl Lewis x in colorectal cancer tissues is regulated by fucosyltransferase VI and can be inhibited by an RNA interference-based approach. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2010; 43:130-9. [PMID: 20965272 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sialyl Lewis x (sLex) is a selectin ligand whose overexpression in epithelial cancers mediates metastasis formation. The molecular basis of sLex biosynthesis in colon cancer tissues is still unclear. The prerequisite for therapeutic approaches aimed at sLex down-regulation in cancer, is the identification of rate-limiting steps in its biosynthesis. We have studied the role of α1,3-fucosyltransferases (Fuc-Ts) potentially involved in sLex biosynthesis in specimens of normal and cancer colon as well as in experimental systems. We found that: (i) in colon cancer, but not in normal mucosa where the antigen was poorly expressed, sLex correlated with a Fuc-T which, like Fuc-TVI, was active on 3'sialyllactosamine at a low concentration (Fuc-T(SLN)); (ii) competitive RT-PCR analysis revealed that the level of Fuc-T mRNA expression in both normal and cancer colon was Fuc-TVI>Fuc-TIII>Fuc-TIV; Fuc-TV and Fuc-TVII expression was negligible; (iii) sLex was expressed only by the gastrointestinal cell lines displaying both Fuc-TVI mRNA and Fuc-T(SLN) activity, but not by those expressing only Fuc-TIII mRNA; (iv) transfection with Fuc-TVI cDNA, but not with Fuc-TIII cDNA, induced sLex expression in gastrointestinal cell lines; (v) Fuc-TVI knock-down with specific siRNA induced down-regulation of Fuc-TVI mRNA and Fuc-T(SLN) activity and a dramatic inhibition of sLex expression. These data indicate that in colon cancer tissues Fuc-TVI is a key regulator of sLex biosynthesis which can be the target of RNA-interference-based gene knock-down approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Trinchera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Experimental and Clinical (DSBSC), University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 5, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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22
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Moriwaki K, Miyoshi E. Fucosylation and gastrointestinal cancer. World J Hepatol 2010; 2:151-61. [PMID: 21160988 PMCID: PMC2999278 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v2.i4.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucose (6-deoxy-L-galactose) is a monosaccharide that is found on glycoproteins and glycolipids in verte-brates, invertebrates, plants, and bacteria. Fucosylation, which comprises the transfer of a fucose residue to oligosaccharides and proteins, is regulated by many kinds of molecules, including fucosyltransferases, GDP-fucose synthetic enzymes, and GDP-fucose transporter(s). Dramatic changes in the expression of fucosylated oligosaccharides have been observed in cancer and inflammation. Thus, monoclonal antibodies and lectins recognizing cancer-associated fucosylated oligosaccharides have been clinically used as tumor markers for the last few decades. Recent advanced glycomic approaches allow us to identify novel fucosylation-related tumor markers. Moreover, a growing body of evidence supports the functional significance of fucosylation at various pathophysiological steps of carcinogenesis and tumor progression. This review highlights the biological and medical significance of fucosylation in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Moriwaki
- Kenta Moriwaki, Eiji Miyoshi, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Carvalho AS, Harduin-Lepers A, Magalhães A, Machado E, Mendes N, Costa LT, Matthiesen R, Almeida R, Costa J, Reis CA. Differential expression of alpha-2,3-sialyltransferases and alpha-1,3/4-fucosyltransferases regulates the levels of sialyl Lewis a and sialyl Lewis x in gastrointestinal carcinoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 42:80-9. [PMID: 19781661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sialyl Lewis x and sialyl Lewis a expression depends on sialyltransferases and fucosyltransferases. In this study, we screened for major variations of sialyltransferases and fucosyltransferases involved in the synthesis and regulation of sialyl Lewis x and sialyl Lewis a epitopes in gastrointestinal carcinoma cells. Our results show that expression of ST3Gal IV in several gastrointestinal cell lines is correlated with the expression of sialyl Lewis x at the cell surface. ST3Gal IV overexpressed in the gastric MKN45 cell line, showed exclusive enzymatic activity towards glycoproteins containing terminal Galbeta1-4GlcNAc structure. On the other hand, when ST3Gal III was overexpressed in MKN45, an increase in the expression levels of both sialyl Lewis epitopes was observed. ST3Gal III and ST3Gal IV lead to de novo synthesis of sialyl Lewis x determinant on different molecular weight glycoproteins of MKN45 cells suggesting that each enzyme used different substrates within the available glycoproteome. The final glycosylation step in sialyl Lewis x and sialyl Lewis a biosynthesis in MKN45 cell line was shown to be associated to FUT5, which efficiently fucosylated sialyl Lewis precursors on glycoproteins. Moreover we demonstrate that the expression of sialyl Lewis epitopes in the MKN45 was induced by cell confluence, which can be regarded as a model to study altered glycosylation during tumour progression. This increase was observed together with an increase in mRNA levels of ST3GAL3, FUT5 and FUT6, and a decrease in FUT4 transcript levels in MKN45 confluent cells, suggesting a possible control at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Carvalho
- Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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Lim KT, Miyazaki K, Kimura N, Izawa M, Kannagi R. Clinical application of functional glycoproteomics - dissection of glycotopes carried by soluble CD44 variants in sera of patients with cancers. Proteomics 2008; 8:3263-73. [PMID: 18690645 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We provide here an example of clinical application of functional glycoproteomics for cancer diagnosis. Sialyl Lewis a and sialyl Lewis x glycotopes, which are the specific ligands for selectins, and variant forms of CD44, which are the adhesion molecules recognizing hyaluronate, are both implicated in cancer metastasis. The CD44 variants modified by the sialyl Lewis a and sialyl Lewis x glycotopes are expected to have dual functions, serving as ligands for vascular selectins, and simultaneously having binding activity to vascular bed hyaluronate, and are expected to figure heavily in cancer metastasis. We developed a heterogeneous sandwich assay system to detect soluble CD44v specifically modified by the cancer-associated sialyl Lewis a/x glycotopes, using the extracellular domain of CD44v cleaved by the metalloproteinase ADAM10 as standard molecules. We also developed the assay system for CD44v modified by normal epithelial glycotopes including disialyl Lewis a and sialyl 6-sulfo Lewis x. The results indicated that serum levels of soluble CD44v modified by cancer-associated glycotopes were frequently increased in patients with cancers, while those of CD44v modified by the nonmalignant glycotopes tended to be elevated in patients with benign disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khe-Ti Lim
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
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25
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Renkonen J, Räbinä J, Mattila P, Grenman R, Renkonen R. Core 2 β1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases and α1,3-fucosyltransferases regulate the synthesis of O-glycans on selectin ligands on oral cavity carcinoma cells. APMIS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2001.907803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Kawamura YI, Toyota M, Kawashima R, Hagiwara T, Suzuki H, Imai K, Shinomura Y, Tokino T, Kannagi R, Dohi T. DNA hypermethylation contributes to incomplete synthesis of carbohydrate determinants in gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterology 2008; 135:142-151.e3. [PMID: 18485915 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2008.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Revised: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It has long been known that malignant transformation is associated with abnormal expression of carbohydrate determinants. The aim of this study was to clarify the cause of cancer-associated abnormal glycosylation in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. METHODS We compared the expression levels of "glyco-genes," including glycosyltransferases and glycosidases, in normal GI mucosa and in gastric and colorectal cancer cells. To examine the possibility that DNA hypermethylation contributed to the down-regulation of these genes, we treated GI cancer cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC), an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase. RESULTS The silencing of some of these glyco-genes, but not up-regulation of certain molecules, was observed. The Sd(a) carbohydrate was abundantly expressed in the normal GI mucosa, but its expression was significantly decreased in cancer tissues. When human colon and gastric cancer cells were treated with 5-aza-dC, cell surface expression of Sd(a) and the transcription of B4GALNT2, which catalyzes the synthesis of the Sd(a), were induced. The promoter region of the human B4GALNT2 gene was heavily hypermethylated in many of the GI cancer cell lines examined as well as in gastric cancer tissues (39 out of 78 cases). In addition, aberrant methylation of the B4GALNT2 gene was strongly correlated with Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinomas and occurred coincidentally with hypermethylation of the ST3GAL6 gene. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic changes in a group of glycosyltransferases including B4GALNT2 and ST3GAL6 represent a malignant phenotype of gastric cancer caused by silencing of the activity of these enzymes, which action may eventually induce aberrant glycosylation and expression of cancer-associated carbohydrate antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki I Kawamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute, International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Transcriptional regulation of the fucosyltransferase VI gene in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Glycoconj J 2008; 25:225-35. [PMID: 18274891 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9114-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 01/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase VI (FUT VI) protein is a key enzyme for synthesis of sialyl Lewis X and Lewis X in epithelial cells. Despite its importance, how FUT VI expression is regulated has not previously been elucidated. In this work, we examined transcriptional regulation of the FUT VI gene in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. 5'-Rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis revealed transcription start sites of FUT VI in HepG2 cells at +65 and +278 nucleotides (nt) downstream of the position registered in the Data Base of Human Transcription Start Sites. We determined promoter regions for FUT VI in HepG2 cells using a luciferase reporter gene assay. The promoter activities of constructs located 5'-upstream of the transcription start site decreased when the -186 to -156 and -56 to -19 nt regions were deleted. Site-directed mutagenesis of these regions revealed that two hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha (HNF-4 alpha) and one octamer binding transcription factor-1 (Oct-1) binding sites are essential for FUT VI transcription. Furthermore, transient over-expression of HNF-4 alpha but not Oct-1 enhanced both FUT VI promoter activities and FUT VI mRNA levels in HuH-7 cells. These results suggest that two defined regions in the 5'-flanking region of the FUT VI transcription start site are critical for FUT VI transcription in HepG2 cells.
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Paez A, Rodriguez E, Rendon E, Varela E, Fortoul T, Espinosa B, Masso F, Guevara J, Montaño LF. Altered detection of molecules associated with leukocyte traffic in HUVECs derived from newborns with a strong family history of myocardial infarction. Acta Histochem 2007; 110:42-52. [PMID: 17765294 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. As such, recruitment of immune cells is a significant event. Tightly controlled signaling molecules regulate leukocyte adhesion and migration to the tissues. The aim of this study was to determine if human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) derived from healthy newborns with a strong family history of myocardial infarction (FHMI) showed variations in the presence of molecules related with leukocyte traffic and migration, in comparison to control healthy newborns. For this purpose, we evaluated the labeling of sialic acid containing glycoproteins, tight junction claudins and the cytoskeleton, using lectin- and immunocytochemistry in HUVECs from individuals with and without a strong FHMI. Our results show important differences in the labeling of alpha-2,3 or alpha-2,6 sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates, a disarrangement of actin filaments secondary to the absence of cytoplasmic claudin-5 immunopositivity and an increase in the binding of FHMI HUVECs to CD3+ Jurkat cells. It is possible that these differences relate to a predisposition for early appearance of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Paez
- Departamento Biología Celular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Col. Seccion 16, México 14080, México
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Hemmoranta H, Satomaa T, Blomqvist M, Heiskanen A, Aitio O, Saarinen J, Natunen J, Partanen J, Laine J, Jaatinen T. N-glycan structures and associated gene expression reflect the characteristic N-glycosylation pattern of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:1279-92. [PMID: 17662891 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2007.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Revised: 05/10/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cell surface glycans contribute to the adhesion capacity of cells and are essential in cellular signal transduction. Yet, the glycosylation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), such as CD133+ cells, is poorly explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS N-glycan structures of cord blood-derived CD133+ and CD133- cells were analyzed with mass spectrometric profiling and exoglycosidase digestion, cell surface glycan epitopes with lectin binding assay, and expression of N-glycan biosynthesis-related genes with microarray analysis. RESULTS Over 10% difference was demonstrated in the N-glycan profiles of CD133+ and CD133- cells. Biantennary complex-type N-glycans were enriched in CD133+ cells. Of the genes regulating the synthesis of these structures, CD133+ cells overexpressed MGAT2 and underexpressed MGAT4. Moreover, the amount of high-mannose type N-glycans and terminal alpha2,3-sialylation was increased in CD133+ cells. Elevated alpha2,3-sialylation was supported by the overexpression of ST3GAL6. CONCLUSION Our work presents new information on the characters of HSPCs. The new knowledge of HSPC-specific N-glycosylation advances their identification and provides tools to promote HSPC homing and mobilization or targeting to specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Hemmoranta
- Finnish Red Cross Blood Service, Research and Development, Helsinki, Finland
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Shetterly S, Jost F, Watson SR, Knegtel R, Macher BA, Holmes EH. Site-specific fucosylation of sialylated polylactosamines by alpha1,3/4-fucosyltransferases-V and -VI Is defined by amino acids near the N terminus of the catalytic domain. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:24882-92. [PMID: 17604274 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702395200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucose transfer from GDP-fucose to GlcNAc residues of the sialylated polylactosamine acceptor NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4Glc-NAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glcbeta1-ceramide leads to two isomeric monofucosyl antigens, VIM2 and sialyl-Le(x). Human alpha1,3/4-fucosyltransferase (FucT)-V catalyzes primarily the synthesis of VIM2, whereas human FucT-VI catalyzes primarily the synthesis of sialyl-Le(x). Thus, these two enzymes have distinct "site-specific fucosylation" properties. Amino acid sequence alignment of these enzymes showed that there are 24 amino acid differences in their catalytic domains. Studies were conducted to determine which of the amino acid differences are responsible for the site-specific fucosylation properties of each enzyme. Domain swapping (replacing a portion of the catalytic domain from one enzyme with an analogous portion from the other enzyme) demonstrated that site-specific fucosylation was defined within a 40-amino acid segment containing 8 amino acid differences between the two enzymes. Site-directed mutagenesis studies demonstrated that the site-specific fucosylation properties of these enzymes could be reversed by substituting 4 amino acids from one sequence with the other. These results were observed in both in vitro enzyme assays and flow cytometric analyses of Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with plasmids containing the various enzyme constructs. Modeling studies of human FucT using a structure of a bacterial fucosyltransferase as a template demonstrated that the amino acids responsible for site-specific fucosylation map near the GDP-fucose-binding site. Additional enzyme studies demonstrated that FucT-VI has approximately 12-fold higher activity compared with FucT-V and that the Trp(124)/Arg(110) site in these enzymes is responsible primarily for this activity difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Shetterly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
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31
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Azuma Y, Kurusu Y, Sato H, Higai K, Matsumoto K. Increased expression of Lewis X and Y antigens on the cell surface and FUT 4 mRNA during granzyme B-induced Jurkat cell apoptosis. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:655-60. [PMID: 17409497 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells play key roles in cell-mediated cytotoxicity and can induce apoptosis in virus-infected and malignant cells by releasing cytotoxic granules. In the current study, apoptosis was induced in Jurkat cells, a human T cell line, by delivering granzyme B into the cells using BioPORTER, a cationic lipid formulation. During granzyme B-induced apoptosis, there was an increase in the cell surface expression of Lewis X and Y antigens. To clarify the roles of initiator and executioner caspases in the expression of Lewis X and Y antigens, we treated Jurkat cells with granzyme B in the presence of caspase 3, 8, and 9 inhibitors. The results indicated that delivery of granzyme B into Jurkat cells induces apoptosis by activating caspase 3 and that caspase 3 but not caspase 8 and 9 plays a key role in enhancing the expression of Lewis X and Y antigens. Real-time PCR revealed that expression of the mRNAs for alpha1,3-fucosyltransferases FUT4 was increased at 3 h during granzyme B-induced apoptosis, while FUT9 mRNA expression gradually increased after 12 h. This increased expression of FUT4 mRNA occurred downstream of caspase 3 activation and resulted in the increased cell surface expression of Lewis X and Y antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Azuma
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Japan.
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Brito C, Escrevente C, Reis CA, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Costa J. Increased levels of fucosyltransferase IX and carbohydrate Lewisx adhesion determinant in human NT2N neurons. J Neurosci Res 2007; 85:1260-70. [PMID: 17335083 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The expression of the fucosylated carbohydrate Lewis(x) (Le(x)) determinant (Gal(beta1-4)[Fuc(alpha1-3)]GlcNAc-R) has been found in glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycolipids from the nervous system. Evidence suggests its association with cell-cell recognition, neurite outgrowth, and neuronal migration during central nervous system development. In the present work, we detected increased levels of Le(x) in differentiated human NT2N neurons cultured in vitro. To identify which fucosyltransferase (FUT) synthesized the Le(x) in NT2N neurons, RT-PCR, FUT substrate specificity and Western blot analysis were carried out. Strong activity toward acceptors Galbeta4GlcNAc-O-R and Fucalpha2Galbeta4GlcNAc-O-R [R = -(CH(2))(3)NHCO(CH(2))(5)NH-biotin], together with strong FUT9 detection by Western blot and presence of transcripts showed that FUT9 was the enzyme associated with Le(x) biosynthesis in NT2N neurons. Le(x) was detected at the plasma membrane of NT2N neurons, in lysosomes marked with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1), and it was found for the first time to colocalize with the tetanus neurotoxin-insensitive vesicle-associated membrane protein (TI-VAMP) that defines the TI-VAMP exocytic compartment that is involved in neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, incubation with anti-Le(x) monoclonal antibody L5 led to impaired adhesion of NT2N neurons to the surface matrix and inhibited neurite initiation. In conclusion, FUT9 and its product Le(x) are detected specifically in human NT2N neurons and our results indicate that they underlie cell differentiation, cell adhesion, and initiation of neurite outgrowth in those neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Brito
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Oeiras, Portugal
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Higai K, Miyazaki N, Azuma Y, Matsumoto K. Interleukin-1β induces sialyl Lewis X on hepatocellular carcinoma HuH-7 cells via enhanced expression of ST3Gal IV and FUT VI gene. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:6069-75. [PMID: 17054948 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that human hepatocellular carcinoma-derived HuH-7 cells stimulated with interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) produce alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) with increased amounts of sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) antigen, although the mechanism remained obscure. Here, we report our investigation of the mechanism. sLeX expression on HuH-7 cells was induced 2.5 times more after 48 h stimulation with 100 U/mL IL-1 beta compared with control, as indicated by anti-sLeX antibody binding. Furthermore, expression of 2,3-sialylated N-acetyllactosamine increased gradually up to 48 h after IL-1 beta stimulation; this preceded the increase in sLeX expression. Increases in alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase activity also preceded increases in alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase activity. Furthermore, mRNA levels of ST3Gal IV, FUT IV and VI in HuH-7 cells stimulated with IL- 1beta were increased at 2-4 h, while increases in FUT VI mRNA level occurred gradually after 24 h. IL-1 beta-induced sLeX expression on HuH-7 cells was suppressed by transfection of gene-specific small interference RNAs against FUT VI and ST3Gal IV but not against FUT IV and ST3Gal III. These data results that IL-1 beta induces expression of sLeX on HuH-7 cells by enhanced expression of FUT VI and ST3Gal IV gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Higai
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Miyama 2-2-1, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
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Münster J, Ziegelmüller P, Spillner E, Bredehorst R. High level expression of monomeric and dimeric human α1,3-fucosyltransferase V. J Biotechnol 2006; 121:448-57. [PMID: 16290306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 08/15/2005] [Accepted: 08/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
alpha3/4-Fucosyltransferases play a crucial role in inflammatory processes and tumor metastasis. While several human fucosyltransferases (FucTs) with different acceptor substrate specificities have been identified, the design of specific inhibitors for therapeutic approaches is hampered by the lack of structural information. In this study, we evaluated the expression of different constructs of human fucosyltransferase V to generate the large amounts required for structural studies. The truncated constructs lacking the transmembrane region and the cytosolic N-terminus, were expressed in baculovirus-infected Trichoplusia ni (Tn) insect cells and in two non-lytic expression systems, stably transfected human HEK 293 and T. ni cells. Since secretion of some glycosyltransferases is controlled by formation of dimeric molecules via disulfide bonds, one of the fucosyltransferase V constructs contained the N-terminal cysteine residue 64 for dimerization, whereas this residue was replaced in the other construct by serine. In both human and insect cells dimerization did not prove to be essential for efficient expression and secretion. On the basis of enzymatic activity, the yield of secreted fucosyltransferase V was approximately 10-fold higher in stably transfected insect cells than in HEK 293 cells. In particular the monomeric form of the enzyme provides a valuable tool for structural analyses to elucidate the fine specifity of fucosyltransferase V-mediated fucosylation of Lewis type glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Münster
- Institut für Biochemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Abteilung für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Niittymäki J, Mattila P, Renkonen R. Cloning and expression of rat fucosyltransferase VII at sites of inflammation. APMIS 2005; 113:613-20. [PMID: 16218937 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm_279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The sialyl Lewis x (NeuAcalpha2-3Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc) determinants serve as ligands in the selectin-mediated adhesion of leukocytes to activated endothelium. The final step in the sialyl Lewis x synthesis is catalyzed by alpha1-3-fucosyltransferase, which transfers fucose to sialylated type 2 chain. We report the cloning of rat alpha1-3-fucosyltransferase gene (rFUT) isolated from rat lymph node and kidney allograft. The rFUT is expressed as two splice variants, but only the long one showed enzymatic activity towards sialylated lactosamine. Also flow cytometry analysis with the sLex mAbs indicated that the cloned rFuc-T was a functional enzyme and a member of the Fuc-TVII family. The rFuc-TVII mRNA expression level was strongly enhanced during acute inflammatory reaction induced by kidney allograft rejection, which could be detected by in situ hybridization and quantitative real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Niittymäki
- Rational Drug Design program, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute and Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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36
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Duan LL, Guo P, Zhang Y, Chen HL. Regulation of metastasis-suppressive gene Nm23-H1 on glycosyl-transferases involved in the synthesis of sialyl Lewis antigens. J Cell Biochem 2005; 94:1248-57. [PMID: 15696547 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
By using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the mRNA expressions of three families of glycosyltransferases involved in the synthesis of sialyl Lewis antigens were determined in H7721 human hepatocarcinoma cell line before and after the transfection of metastasis-suppressive gene nm23-H1. These glycosyltransferases included alpha1,3fucosyltransferase (alpha1,3FucT)-III, -IV, -VI, -VII, and -IX, alpha2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal)-I, -II, -III, and -IV as well as O-glycan core 2 beta1,6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT)-I and -II. In mock cells transfected with the vector, the expression-order of alpha1,3FucTs was IV>VI>III>VII>IX, that of ST3Gals was IV>I>II>III, and that of C2GnT was I>II. Nm23-H1 downregulated the mRNA expressions of all five subtypes of alpha1,3FucT and -I, -III, -IV subtypes of ST3Gal, but not ST3Gal-II and C2GnT-I, II. On the other hand, the expressions of cell surface sialyl Lewis X (SLe(x)) and alpha2,3 sialyl residues were decreased on nm23-H1 transfected cells as detected with monoclonal antibody of SLe(x) and enzyme-labeled lectins, respectively. Since SLe(x) was reported to be a metastasis-associated glycan structure, the reduced expressions of SLe(x) and some enzymes related to its synthesis may be one of the mechanisms to explain the metastasis-suppressive effect of nm23-H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Duan
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Ma B, Lau LH, Palcic MM, Hazes B, Taylor DE. A single aromatic amino acid at the carboxyl terminus of Helicobacter pylori {alpha}1,3/4 fucosyltransferase determines substrate specificity. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:36848-56. [PMID: 16150700 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m504415200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosyltransferases (FucT) from different Helicobacter pylori strains display distinct Type I (Galbeta1,3GlcNAc) or Type II (Galbeta1,4GlcNAc) substrate specificity. FucT from strain UA948 can transfer fucose to the OH-3 of Type II acceptors as well as to the OH-4 of Type I acceptors on the GlcNAc moiety, so it has both alpha1,3 and alpha1,4 activities. In contrast, FucT from strain NCTC11639 has exclusive alpha1,3 activity. Our domain swapping study (Ma, B., Wang, G., Palcic, M. M., Hazes, B., and Taylor, D. E. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 21893-21900) demonstrated that exchange of the hypervariable loops, (347)DNPFIFC(353) in 11639FucT and (345)CNDAHYSALH(354) in UA948FucT, were sufficient to either confer or abolish alpha1,4 activity. Here we performed alanine scanning site-directed mutagenesis to identify which amino acids within (345)CNDAHYSALH(354) of UA948FucT confer Type I substrate specificity. The Tyr(350) --> Ala mutation dramatically reduced alpha1,4 activity without lowering alpha1,3 activity. None of the other alanine substitutions selectively eliminated alpha1,4 activity. To elucidate how Tyr(350) determines alpha1,4 specificity, mutants Tyr(350) --> Phe, Tyr(350) --> Trp, and Tyr(350) --> Gly were constructed in UA948FucT. These mutations did not decrease alpha1,3 activity but reduced the alpha1,4 activity to 66.9, 55.6, and 3.1% [corrected] of wild type level, respectively. Apparently the aromatic nature, but not the hydroxyl group of Tyr(350), is essential for alpha1,4 activity. Our data demonstrate that a single amino acid (Tyr(350)) in the C-terminal hypervariable region of UA948FucT determines Type I acceptor specificity. Notably, a single aromatic residue (Trp) has also been implicated in controlling Type I acceptor preference for human FucT III, but it is located in an N-terminal hypervariable stem domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
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Hidalgo A, Frenette PS. Enforced fucosylation of neonatal CD34+ cells generates selectin ligands that enhance the initial interactions with microvessels but not homing to bone marrow. Blood 2005; 105:567-75. [PMID: 15367439 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-03-1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractHematopoietic progenitor/stem cell homing to the bone marrow requires the concerted action of several adhesion molecules. Endothelial P- and E-selectins play an important role in this process, but their ligands on a large subset of neonate-derived human CD34+ cells are absent, leading to a reduced ability to interact with the bone marrow (BM) microvasculature. We report here that this deficiency results from reduced α1,3-fucosyltransferase (FucT) expression and activity in these CD34+ cells. Incubation of CD34+ cells with recombinant human FucTVI rapidly corrected the deficiency in nonbinding CD34+ cells and further increased the density of ligands for both P- and E-selectins on all cord blood–derived CD34+ cells. Intravital microscopy studies revealed that these FucTVI-treated CD34+ cells displayed a marked enhancement in their initial interactions with the BM microvasculature, but unexpectedly, homing into the BM was not improved by FucTVI treatment. These data indicate that, although exogenous FucT enzyme activity can rapidly modulate selectin binding avidity of cord blood CD34+ cells, further studies are needed to understand how to translate a positive effect on progenitor cell adhesion in bone marrow microvessels into one that significantly influences migration and lodgement into the parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Hidalgo
- Department of Medicine and Immunobiology Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Kudo T, Kaneko M, Iwasaki H, Togayachi A, Nishihara S, Abe K, Narimatsu H. Normal embryonic and germ cell development in mice lacking alpha 1,3-fucosyltransferase IX (Fut9) which show disappearance of stage-specific embryonic antigen 1. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:4221-8. [PMID: 15121843 PMCID: PMC400454 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.10.4221-4228.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA-1), an antigenic epitope defined as a Lewis x carbohydrate structure, is expressed during the 8-cell to blastocyst stages in mouse embryos and in primordial germ cells, undifferentiated embryonic stem cells, and embryonic carcinoma cells. For many years, SSEA-1 has been implicated in the development of mouse embryos as a functional carbohydrate epitope in cell-to-cell interaction during morula compaction. In a previous study, alpha 1,3-fucosyltransferase IX (Fut9) exhibited very strong activity for the synthesis of Lewis x compared to other alpha 1,3-fucosyltransferases in an in vitro substrate specificity assay. Fut4 and Fut9 transcripts were expressed in mouse embryos. The Fut9 transcript was detected in embryonic-day-13.5 gonads containing primordial germ cells, but the Fut4 transcript was not. In order to identify the role of SSEA-1 and determine the key enzyme for SSEA-1 synthesis in vivo, we have generated Fut9-deficient (Fut9(-/-)) mice. Fut9(-/-) mice develop normally, with no gross phenotypic abnormalities, and are fertile. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an absence of SSEA-1 expression in early embryos and primordial germ cells of Fut9(-/-) mice. Therefore, we conclude that expression of the SSEA-1 epitope in the developing mouse embryo is not essential for embryogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kudo
- Glycogene Function Team, Research Center for Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Open Space Laboratory, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
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Guo P, Zhang Y, Shen ZH, Zhang XY, Chen HL. Effect of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V on the expressions of other glycosyltransferases. FEBS Lett 2004; 562:93-8. [PMID: 15044007 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(04)00188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2003] [Revised: 01/04/2004] [Accepted: 02/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Transfection of sense cDNA of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnTV) into H7721 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells resulted in the decreased expression of surface sialyl Lewis X (SLe(x)), a sialylated fucose-containing antigen. The enzymatic mechanisms were speculated to be the concomitantly decreased expression of alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase (FucT)-III, -VI, -VII and the branching enzyme of O-glycans, core 2-beta1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT)-I, -II. These two glycosyltransferase families were suggested to be the key enzymes in the synthesis of SLe(x). The expression of alpha2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3)-IV, but not ST3-I, -II and -III was elevated by sense GnTV. However, it did not cause the increase of SLe(x) synthesis. Transfection of antisense GnTV into H7721 cells showed entirely opposite effects on the expression of above-mentioned SLe(x) and glycosyltransferases as the sense GnTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Research, Ministry of Health, Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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Yang W, Fan H, Gao X, Gao S, Karnati VVR, Ni W, Hooks WB, Carson J, Weston B, Wang B. The First Fluorescent Diboronic Acid Sensor Specific for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Expressing Sialyl Lewis X. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 11:439-48. [PMID: 15123238 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate antigens with subterminal fucosylation have been implicated in the development and progression of several cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fluorescent sensors targeting fucosylated carbohydrate antigens could potentially be used for diagnostic and other applications. We have designed and synthesized a series of 26 diboronic acid compounds as potential fluorescent sensors for such carbohydrates. Among these compounds, 7q was able to fluorescently label cells expressing high levels of sLex (HEPG2) within a concentration range of 0.5 to 10 microM. This compound (7q) did not label cells expressing Lewis Y (HEP3B), nor cells without fucosylated antigens (COS7). This represents the first example of a fluorescent compound labeling cells based on cell surface carbohydrate structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, 33 Gilmer Street S.E., Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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42
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Cakir B, Heiss G, Pankow JS, Salomaa V, Sharrett AR, Couper D, Weston BW. Association of the Lewis genotype with cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. J Intern Med 2004; 255:40-51. [PMID: 14687237 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2003.01263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship of Lewis genotypes with major cardiovascular risk factors and the intima-media thickness (IMT) of carotid arteries. Lewis genotyping included four major mutations of the Lewis (FUT3) gene at nucleotide positions 59, 1067, 202 and 314. DESIGN Two complementary population-based cross-sectional studies. SETTING The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. SUBJECTS The relationship between Lewis genotype and major cardiovascular risk factors was studied in 761 men and women aged 45-64 years without known clinical atherosclerotic disease; 577 were Caucasians and 184 were African-Americans. The association of Lewis genotype and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis was studied in 419 individuals with, and 819 controls without carotid IMT of >1.0 mm, measured by B-mode ultrasound. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mean values of cardiovascular risk factors by Lewis genotype. Lewis genotype frequencies in subclinical carotid atherosclerosis cases and controls. RESULTS Individuals with Lewis genotypes consistent with lack of alpha(1,3/1,4)-fucosyltransferase activity (i.e. Lewis-negative genotype) had statistically significantly lower fasting glucose, factor VIIIc, von Willebrand factor and diastolic blood pressure compared with their counterparts with Lewis-positive genotypes. The distribution of Lewis genotypes and haplotypes was not significantly different between individuals with carotid IMT of >1.0 mm (cases) and their controls. The odds of carotid atherosclerosis in carriers of the Lewis-negative genotype was 1.23 (95% confidence interval 0.70-2.16) compared to individuals with Lewis-positive genotype, controlling for age, gender and race/ARIC field centre. CONCLUSION The lack of a statistically significant association between Lewis 'genotype' and subclinical atherosclerosis in our data suggests that earlier studies reporting associations at the 'phenotypic' level may reflect aspects of the biology of the Lewis system other than an inherent genetic property.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cakir
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kannagi R, Hakomori S. A guide to monoclonal antibodies directed to glycotopes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2003; 491:587-630. [PMID: 14533823 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1267-7_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Kannagi
- Program of Molecular Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan.
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Mong TKK, Lee LV, Brown JR, Esko JD, Wong CH. Synthesis of N-acetyllactosamine derivatives with variation in the aglycon moiety for the study of inhibition of sialyl Lewis x expression. Chembiochem 2003; 4:835-40. [PMID: 12964157 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200300650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe an inhibition study of the sialyl Lewis x (sLe(x)) expression on a human monocytic cell line (U937), using a series of peracetylated N-Acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) analogues with variation at the aglycon moiety. It was found that the extent of inhibition was related to the hydrophobicity and structure of the aglycon. In general, peracetylated LacNAc analogues with a naphthyl or biphenyl aglycon (3, 4, 6, and 7) were better in suppression of sLe(x) expression than a benzyl derivative (2). Steady-state kinetic experiments with human alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferases IV and VI (FucT IV and VI, EC 2.4.1.65) revealed that the deacetylated LacNAc-aglycons with naphthyl (18, 19, and 20) or biphenyl (17) moieties exhibited higher affinity to the fucosyltransferases than aglycon moieties with smaller hydrophobic groups (14, 15, and 16). These results are in agreement with the findings of the U937 cell-based experiments, and suggest that the higher enzyme affinity LacNAc-aglycons make better acceptor decoys and, hence, the observed differences in LacNAc-aglycon inhihitory effects on sLe(x) expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony K-K Mong
- Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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45
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Ma B, Wang G, Palcic MM, Hazes B, Taylor DE. C-terminal amino acids of Helicobacter pylori alpha1,3/4 fucosyltransferases determine type I and type II transfer. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:21893-900. [PMID: 12676935 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m301704200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The alpha1,3/4 fucosyltransferase (FucT) enzyme from Helicobacter pylori catalyzes fucose transfer from donor GDP-beta-l-fucose to the GlcNAc group of two series of acceptor substrates in H. pylori lipopolysaccharide: betaGal1,3betaGlcNAc (Type I) or betaGal1,4betaGlcNAc (Type II). Fucose is added either in alpha1,3 linkage of Type II acceptor to produce Lewis X or in alpha1,4 linkage of Type I acceptor to produce Lewis A, respectively. H. pylori FucTs from different strains have distinct Type I or Type II substrate specificities. FucT in H. pylori strain NCTC11639 has an exclusive alpha1,3 activity because it recognizes only Type II substrates, whereas FucT in H. pylori strain UA948 can utilize both Type II and Type I acceptors; thus it has both alpha1,3 and alpha1,4 activity, respectively. To identify elements conferring substrate specificity, 12 chimeric FucTs were constructed by domain swapping between 11639FucT and UA948FucT and characterized for their ability to transfer fucose to Type I and Type II acceptors. Our results indicate that the C-terminal region of H. pylori FucTs controls Type I and Type II acceptor specificity. In particular, the highly divergent C-terminal portion, seven amino acids DNPFIFC at positions 347-353 in 11639FucT, and the corresponding 10 amino acids CNDAHYSALH at positions 345-354 in UA948FucT, controls the Type I and Type II acceptor recognition. This is the opposite of mammalian FucTs where acceptor preference is determined primarily by the N-terminal residues in the hypervariable stem domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ma
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
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Sherwood AL, Upchurch DA, Stroud MR, Davis WC, Holmes EH. A highly conserved His-His motif present in alpha1-->3/4fucosyltransferases is required for optimal activity and functions in acceptor binding. Glycobiology 2003; 12:599-606. [PMID: 12244072 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwf075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha1-->3/4fucosyltransferases (FucTs) from several species contain a highly conserved His-His motif adjacent to an enzyme region correlating with the ability to catalyze fucose transfer to type 1 chain acceptors. Site-directed mutagenesis has been employed to analyze structure-function relationships of this His-His motif in human FucT-IV. The results indicate that most changes of His(113) and His(114) and nearby residues of FucT-IV reduced the specific activity of the enzymes. Analysis of acceptor properties demonstrated close similarity of most mutants with wild-type FucT-IV, whereas an apparent preference for the H-type II acceptor was observed for the His(114) mutants. Kinetic studies demonstrated that mutants of His(114) had a substantially increased K(m) for acceptor compared to other enzymes tested. The dramatic increase in acceptor K(m) for the His(114) mutants, particularly for the nonfucosylated acceptor, suggests that this His-His motif is involved in acceptor binding and perhaps interacts with GlcNAc residues of type 2 acceptors. The presence of fucose in acceptor substrates may promote more efficient substrate binding and presumably partially overcomes the weaker interaction with GlcNAc caused by the mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Sherwood
- Northwest Hospital, Molecular Medicine, Department of Cell Surface Biochemistry, 21720 23rd Drive SE, Suite 101, Bothell, WA 98021, USA
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Huet G, Gouyer V, Delacour D, Richet C, Zanetta JP, Delannoy P, Degand P. Involvement of glycosylation in the intracellular trafficking of glycoproteins in polarized epithelial cells. Biochimie 2003; 85:323-30. [PMID: 12770771 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(03)00056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The surface of epithelial cells is composed of apical and basolateral domains with distinct structure and function. This polarity is maintained by specific sorting mechanisms occurring in the Trans-Golgi Network. Peptidic signals are responsible for the trafficking via clathrin-coated vesicles by means of an interaction with an adaptor complex (AP). The basolateral targeting is mediated by AP-1B, which is specifically expressed in epithelial cells. In contrast, the apical targeting is proposed to occur via apical raft carriers. It is thought that apically targeted glycoproteins contain glycan signals that would be responsible for their association with rafts and for apical targeting. However, the difficulty in terms of acting specifically on a single step of glycosylation did not allow one to identify such a specific signal. The complete inhibition of the processing of N-glycans by tunicamycin often results in an intracellular accumulation of unfolded proteins in the Golgi. Similarly, inhibition of O-glycosylation can be obtained by competitive substrates which gave a complex pattern of inhibition. Therefore, it is still unknown if glycosylation acts in an indirect manner, i.e. by modifying the folding of the protein, or in a specific manner, such as an association with specific lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Huet
- Unité INSERM 560, Lille, France.
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Noda K, Miyoshi E, Nakahara S, Ihara H, Gao CX, Honke K, Yanagidani S, Sasaki Y, Kasahara A, Hori M, Hayashi N, Taniguchi N. An enzymatic method of analysis for GDP-L-fucose in biological samples, involving high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 2002; 310:100-6. [PMID: 12413479 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the biological significance of GDP-L-fucose, we established a unique method for the determination of GDP-L-fucose levels in microsomal fractions, using an HPLC assay of alpha 1-6-fucosyltransferase (alpha1-6-FucT), an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of core fucosylation in N-glycans. A microsomal protein and a large excess of fluorescence-labeled synthetic oligosaccharide (a substrate) were incubated with a large excess of alpha1-6-FucT. The fluorescent intensity of the fucosylated reaction product, which was analyzed by isocratic reverse phase HPLC, was proportional to the level of GDP-L-fucose in the microsomal fractions over the range 0.20-10 pmol. This assay is applicable to the determination of the GDP-L-fucose content in various cancer cell lines as well as rat liver and would be useful in developing a better understanding of the fucosylation potential of such cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Noda
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Toivonen S, Nishihara S, Narimatsu H, Renkonen O, Renkonen R. Fuc-TIX: a versatile alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase with a distinct acceptor- and site-specificity profile. Glycobiology 2002; 12:361-8. [PMID: 12107078 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/12.6.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
alpha1,3-Fucosyltransferases (Fuc-Ts) convert N-acetyllactosamine (LN, Galbeta1-4GlcNAc) to Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc, the Lewis x (CD15, SSEA-1) epitope, which is involved in various recognition phenomena. We describe details of the acceptor specificity of alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase IX (Fuc-TIX). The unconjugated N- and O-glycan analogs LNbeta1-2Man, LNbeta1-6Manalpha1-OMe, LNbeta1-2Manalpha1-3(LNbeta1-2Manalpha1-6)Manbeta1-4GlcNAc, and Galbeta1-3(LNbeta1-6)GalNAc reacted well in vitro with Fuc-TIX present in lysates of appropriately transfected Namalwa cells. Fuc-TIX reacted well with the reducing end LN of GlcNAcbeta1-3'LN (underscored site reacted) and GlcNAcbeta1-3'LNbeta1-3'LN (both LNs reacted), but very poorly with the reducing end LN of LNbeta1-3'LN. However, Fuc-TIX reacted significantly better with the non-reducing end LN as compared to the other LN units in the glycans LNbeta1-3'LN and LNbeta1-3'LNbeta1-3'LNbeta1-3'LN, confirming our previous data on LNbeta1-3'LNbeta1-OR. In contrast, the sialylated glycan Neu5Acalpha2-3'LNbeta1-3'LNbeta1-3'LNbeta1-3'LN was fucosylated preferentially at the two most reducing end LN units. We conclude that Fuc-TIX is a versatile alpha1,3-Fuc-T, that (1) generates distal Lewis x epitopes from many different acceptors, (2) possesses inherent ability for the biosynthesis of internal Lewis x epitopes on growing polylactosamine backbones, and (3) fucosylates the remote internal LN units of alpha2,3-sialylated i-type polylactosamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Toivonen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Dupuy F, Germot A, Marenda M, Oriol R, Blancher A, Julien R, Maftah A. Alpha1,4-fucosyltransferase activity: a significant function in the primate lineage has appeared twice independently. Mol Biol Evol 2002; 19:815-24. [PMID: 12032237 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a004138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the animal kingdom the enzymes that catalyze the formation of alpha1,4 fucosylated-glycoconjugates are known only in apes (chimpanzee) and humans. They are encoded by FUT3 and FUT5 genes, two members of the Lewis FUT5-FUT3-FUT6 gene cluster, which had originated by duplications of an alpha3 ancestor gene. In order to explore more precisely the emergence of the alpha1,4 fucosylation, new Lewis-like fucosyltransferase genes were studied in species belonging to the three main primate groups. Two Lewis-like genes were found in brown and ruffed lemurs (prosimians) as well as in squirrel monkey (New World monkey). In the latter, one gene encodes an enzyme which transfers fucose only in alpha1,3 linkage, whereas the other is a pseudogene. Three genes homologous to chimpanzee and human Lewis genes were identified in rhesus macaque (Old World monkey), and only one encodes an alpha3/4-fucosyltransferase. The ability of new primate enzymes to transfer fucose in alpha1,3 or alpha1,3/4 linkage confirms that the amino acid R or W in the acceptor-binding motif "HH(R/W)(D/E)" is required for the type 1/type 2 acceptor specificity. Expression of rhesus macaque genes proved that fucose transfer in alpha1,4 linkage is not restricted to the hominoid family and may be extended to other Old World monkeys. Moreover, the presence of only one enzyme supporting the alpha1,4 fucosylation in rhesus macaque versus two enzymes in hominoids suggests that this function occurred twice independently during primate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Dupuy
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Biotechnologie, EA 3176, Institut des Sciences de la Vie et de la Santé, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Limoges Cedex, France
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