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Mei X, Yang M, Ding X, Bi Y, Chen L, Deng W, Dong Y, Su Y, He X, Zhu S, Liu X. Proteomic analysis of zoxamide-induced changes in Phytophthora cactorum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 113:31-9. [PMID: 25052524 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the global proteomic response of Phytophthora cactorum to zoxamide was evaluated using a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE)-based proteomic approach. Among the 21 proteins identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS), four cytoskeleton-related proteins were down-regulated upon addition of zoxamide. Five detoxification metabolism enzymes, seven sugar metabolism proteins and one mitochondria-related protein were up-regulated by more than 2-fold in response to zoxamide. Taken together, these results suggest that zoxamide can decrease the expression of cytoskeleton-related proteins of P. cactorum, resulting in cell death; however, the up-regulation of detoxification metabolism-related enzymes may protect P. cactorum against zoxamide, and the up-regulation of proteins related to sugar metabolism and mitochondria may lead to the generation of more energy for detoxification metabolism. These data also suggest that proteomics may be useful not only in exploring the mode of action of fungicides but also for gaining insight into the resistance mechanisms that pathogens employ against fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Mei
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xupo Ding
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Bi
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Tsinghua Eastern Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weiping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yumei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Life Science and Technology Department of Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Xiahong He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Management of Education Ministry of China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Lehnerer M, Keizer-Gunnik L, Veenhuis M, Gietl C. Functional Analysis of the N-Terminal Prepeptides of Watermelon Mitochondrial and Glyoxysomal Malate Dehydrogenases*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1994.tb00800.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Dual-mode enhancement of metallothionein protein with cell transduction and retention peptide fusion. J Control Release 2013; 171:193-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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4
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Vyas PM, Tomamichel WJ, Pride PM, Babbey CM, Wang Q, Mercier J, Martin EM, Payne RM. A TAT-frataxin fusion protein increases lifespan and cardiac function in a conditional Friedreich's ataxia mouse model. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:1230-47. [PMID: 22113996 PMCID: PMC3284115 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is the most common inherited human ataxia and results from a deficiency of the mitochondrial protein, frataxin (FXN), which is encoded in the nucleus. This deficiency is associated with an iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster enzyme deficit leading to progressive ataxia and a frequently fatal cardiomyopathy. There is no cure. To determine whether exogenous replacement of the missing FXN protein in mitochondria would repair the defect, we used the transactivator of transcription (TAT) protein transduction domain to deliver human FXN protein to mitochondria in both cultured patient cells and a severe mouse model of FRDA. A TAT-FXN fusion protein bound iron in vitro, transduced into mitochondria of FRDA deficient fibroblasts and reduced caspase-3 activation in response to an exogenous iron-oxidant stress. Injection of TAT-FXN protein into mice with a conditional loss of FXN increased their growth velocity and mean lifespan by 53% increased their mean heart rate and cardiac output, increased activity of aconitase and reversed abnormal mitochondrial proliferation and ultrastructure in heart. These results show that a cell-penetrant peptide is capable of delivering a functional mitochondrial protein in vivo to rescue a very severe disease phenotype, and present the possibility of TAT-FXN as a protein replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush M. Vyas
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Wendy J. Tomamichel
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - P. Melanie Pride
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Clifford M. Babbey
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Qiujuan Wang
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jennifer Mercier
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Martin
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - R. Mark Payne
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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5
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Poulsen JB, Andersen KR, Kjær KH, Durand F, Faou P, Vestergaard AL, Talbo GH, Hoogenraad N, Brodersen DE, Justesen J, Martensen PM. Human 2'-phosphodiesterase localizes to the mitochondrial matrix with a putative function in mitochondrial RNA turnover. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:3754-70. [PMID: 21245038 PMCID: PMC3089451 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate 2-5A system is part of the innate immune system and central to cellular antiviral defense. Upon activation by viral double-stranded RNA, 5'-triphosphorylated, 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylate polyribonucleotides (2-5As) are synthesized by one of several 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetases. These unusual oligonucleotides activate RNase L, an unspecific endoribonuclease that mediates viral and cellular RNA breakdown. Subsequently, the 2-5As are removed by a 2'-phosphodiesterase (2'-PDE), an enzyme that apart from breaking 2'-5' bonds also degrades regular, 3'-5'-linked oligoadenylates. Interestingly, 2'-PDE shares both functionally and structurally characteristics with the CCR4-type exonuclease-endonuclease-phosphatase family of deadenylases. Here we show that 2'-PDE locates to the mitochondrial matrix of human cells, and comprise an active 3'-5' exoribonuclease exhibiting a preference for oligo-adenosine RNA like canonical cytoplasmic deadenylases. Furthermore, we document a marked negative association between 2'-PDE and mitochondrial mRNA levels following siRNA-directed knockdown and plasmid-mediated overexpression, respectively. The results indicate that 2'-PDE, apart from playing a role in the cellular immune system, may also function in mitochondrial RNA turnover.
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6
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Del Gaizo V, Payne RM. A novel TAT-mitochondrial signal sequence fusion protein is processed, stays in mitochondria, and crosses the placenta. Mol Ther 2003; 7:720-30. [PMID: 12788645 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(03)00130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes can lead to defects in mitochondrial function. To date, repair of these defects with exogenous proteins or gene transfer has been difficult with either viral or nonviral vectors. We hypothesized that TAT fusion proteins would cross both mitochondrial membranes and that incorporation of a mitochondrial signal sequence into a TAT fusion protein would allow processing and localization of exogenous proteins in mitochondria. A TAT-mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase signal sequence (mMDH)-enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) fusion protein was constructed. TAT-mMDH-eGFP allowed rapid transduction and localization of fusion protein into mitochondria of multiple cell types. In contrast, TAT-GFP, without a mitochondrial signal sequence, rapidly transduced into cells and mitochondria, displayed pseudo-first-order kinetics, but did not remain there. Mice injected 5 days prior with TAT-mMDH-eGFP had detectable eGFP activity in multiple tissue types. Western blotting of cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions isolated from their livers confirmed eGFP localization to mitochondria and that the mMDH transit peptide was recognized and processed. Furthermore, TAT-mMDH-eGFP fusion protein injected into pregnant mice crossed the placenta and was detectable in both the fetus and the newborn pups. TAT fusion proteins containing a mitochondrial signal sequence are a viable method to localize proteins to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Del Gaizo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1081, USA
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7
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Rajapakse N, Shimizu K, Payne M, Busija D. Isolation and characterization of intact mitochondria from neonatal rat brain. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH PROTOCOLS 2001; 8:176-83. [PMID: 11733193 DOI: 10.1016/s1385-299x(01)00108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Poor outcome after neonatal brain injury may be associated with alterations in mitochondrial function. Thus, isolated mitochondria have been a useful tool in understanding the underlying mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, isolation and characterization of mitochondria from neonatal rat brain are not fully described. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a rapid method for the isolation and characterization of functional mitochondria from neonatal rat brain. Mitochondria were isolated from 7-day-old rat brain weighing approximately 500 mg using a discontinuous Percoll density gradient. Brains were homogenized in 12% Percoll/sucrose buffer and layered onto a 26% Percoll/40% Percoll gradient followed by centrifugation. Four methods were used for assessing mitochondrial integrity and function: (1) electron microscopy to assess the morphology of the mitochondria and to determine the relative purity of the preparation; (2) fluorescence of chloromethyl-X-rosamine (Mito Tracker Red) in mitochondria as an indicator of mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta psi(m)); (3) state 3 and 4 respiration; and (4) protein import into mitochondria using an in vitro-synthesized mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH). These studies demonstrated that the morphology of mitochondria is maintained with intact outer membranes and well-developed cristae, and Delta psi(m) is preserved. Respiration measurements revealed tightly coupled mitochondria with a respiration control ratio (RCR) of 4.1+/-0.18 (n=6). Import of precursor mMDH into mitochondria increased in a time-dependent manner maximizing at 15 min. The results indicate that neonatal brain mitochondria isolated using this method are well coupled, morphologically intact and are capable of protein import across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rajapakse
- Department Of Physiology/Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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8
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Nett JH, Denke E, Trumpower BL. Two-step processing is not essential for the import and assembly of functionally active iron-sulfur protein into the cytochrome bc1 complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:2212-7. [PMID: 8999925 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.4.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The iron-sulfur protein of the cytochrome bc1 complex is one of a small number of proteins that are processed in two sequential steps by matrix processing peptidase (MPP) and mitochondrial intermediate peptidase (MIP) during import into Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondria. To test whether two-step processing is necessary for import and assembly of the iron-sulfur protein into the cytochrome bc1 complex, we mutagenized the presequence of the iron-sulfur protein to eliminate the original MPP site and replace the MIP site with a new MPP site. The mutated presequence is cleaved and forms mature-sized protein in a single step, and the mature-sized iron-sulfur protein is correctly targeted to the outer side of the inner mitochondrial membrane in vitro. Mutant iron-sulfur protein which is processed to mature size in one step complements the respiratory deficient phenotype of a yeast strain in which the endogenous gene for the iron-sulfur protein is deleted. These results establish that mature-sized iron-sulfur protein can be formed by single-step processing and assembled into a functionally active form in the cytochrome bc1 complex in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Nett
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
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9
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Branda SS, Isaya G. Prediction and identification of new natural substrates of the yeast mitochondrial intermediate peptidase. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:27366-73. [PMID: 7593000 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.45.27366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mitochondrial precursor proteins are processed to the mature form in one step by mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP), while a subset of precursors destined for the matrix or the inner membrane are cleaved sequentially by MPP and mitochondrial intermediate peptidase (MIP). We showed previously that yeast MIP (YMIP) is required for mitochondrial function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To further define the role played by two-step processing in mitochondrial biogenesis, we have now characterized the natural substrates of YMIP. A total of 133 known yeast mitochondrial precursors were collected from the literature and analyzed for the presence of the motif RX(decreases)(F/L/I)XX(T/S/G)XXXX(decreases), typical of precursors cleaved by MPP and MIP. We found characteristic MIP cleavage sites in two distinct sets of proteins: respiratory components, including subunits of the electron transport chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes, and components of the mitochondrial genetic machinery, including ribosomal proteins, translation factors, and proteins required for mitochondrial DNA metabolism. Representative precursors from both sets were cleaved to predominantly mature form by mitochondrial matrix or intact mitochondria from wild-type yeast. In contrast, intermediate-size forms were accumulated upon incubation of the precursors with matrix from mip1 delta yeast or intact mitochondria from mip1ts yeast, indicating that YMIP is necessary for maturation of these proteins. Consistent with the fact that some of these substrates are essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial protein synthesis and mitochondrial DNA replication, mip1 delta yeast undergoes loss of functional mitochondrial genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Branda
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
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10
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Glaser E, Knorpp C, Hugosson M, von Stedingk E. Macromolecular movement into mitochondria. Methods Cell Biol 1995; 50:269-81. [PMID: 8531799 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-679x(08)61036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Glaser
- Department of Biochemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
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11
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Knorpp C, Hugosson M, Sjöling S, Eriksson AC, Glaser E. Tissue-specific differences of the mitochondrial protein import machinery: in vitro import, processing and degradation of the pre-F1 beta subunit of the ATP synthase in spinach leaf and root mitochondria. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1994; 26:571-579. [PMID: 7948913 DOI: 10.1007/bf00013744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study we report the first comparison of the mitochondrial protein import and processing events in two different tissues from the same organism. Both spinach leaf and root mitochondria were able to import and process the in vitro transcribed and translated Neurospora crassa F1 beta subunit of ATP synthase to the mature size product. Temperature optimum for protein import, 20 degrees C, was considerably lower than that found in other systems. In spinach leaf mitochondria, the processing peptidase has been shown to constitute an integral part of the bc1 complex of the respiratory chain. In accordance with these results, the majority of the processing activity in root mitochondria was also localized in the membrane. However, although the same amount of the processing peptidase was present per mg of membrane protein in both leaf and root mitochondria, as determined immunologically, the specific processing activity was several-fold higher in roots. Furthermore, in contrast to the processing enzyme in leaf, a portion of the processing activity could be disassociated from the root membrane with relatively weak salt treatment. The processing event in both the leaf and root membranes was always accompanied by a degradation of the F1 beta precursor. The degradation activity was found to be several-fold higher in roots than in leaves and was also partially dissociated from the membrane after salt treatment. Both the processing and degradation activities were inhibited by orthophenanthroline, a known metalloprotease inhibitor. These results show tissue-specific differences of the processing event catalyzed by the bc1 complex and indicate the presence of two populations of the processing peptidase in root mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Knorpp
- Department of Biochemistry, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Sweden
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12
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The ubiquinol cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex of spinach leaf mitochondria is involved in both respiration and protein processing. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(94)90181-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Peralta D, Lithgow T, Hoogenraad NJ, Høj PB. Prechaperonin 60 and preornithine transcarbamylase share components of the import apparatus but have distinct maturation pathways in rat liver mitochondria. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1993; 211:881-9. [PMID: 8094670 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1993.tb17621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial preornithine transcarbamylase (p-OTC) and premalate dehydrogenase (p-MDH) are the only two matrix-located preproteins so far identified for which the proteolytic processing in vitro requires the formation of genuine processing intermediates, i-OTC and i-MDH, respectively. To establish the processing of other preproteins during import with respect to the two-step processing of p-OTC and p-MDH, the chelators EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline were used to study the import and processing of rat prechaperonin 60 (p-cpn60) and p-OTC by mitochondria from four cpn60-containing organs. We found no evidence for a secondary processing step in the maturation of p-cpn60, but a clear requirement for two-step processing of p-OTC, even in three organs which do not contain ornithine transcarbamylase. The metal-ion requirement of the p-OTC processing activities in the organelle is consistent with the proposition that the mitochondrial processing protease (MPP) and mitochondrial intermediate peptidase (MIP) activities defined in vitro [Kalousek, F., Hendrick, J.P. & Rosenberg, L. E. (1988) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 85, 7536-7540] are responsible for precursor processing in vivo. The authenticity of two-step processing in vivo was, furthermore, established by demonstrating that i-OTC accumulates to high levels in Spodoptora frugiperda insect cells supplemented with MnCl2. The inability of the insect cells to process p-OTC fully is not a characteristic of cells grown in culture since cultured rat hepatoma cells process p-OTC to the fully processed m-OTC. Finally, we find that the import and processing of p-cpn60 and p-OTC is inhibited in an identical fashion by presequence-bovine-serum-albumin conjugates. The differences in proteolytic maturation between p-cpn60 and p-OTC are therefore not likely to result from different import pathways as the two precursors compete for common components of the import apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Peralta
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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14
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Gietl C. Malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes: cellular locations and role in the flow of metabolites between the cytoplasm and cell organelles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1100:217-34. [PMID: 1610875 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(92)90476-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Malate dehydrogenases belong to the most active enzymes in glyoxysomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes, chloroplasts and the cytosol. In this review, the properties and the role of the isoenzymes in different compartments of the cell are compared, with emphasis on molecular biological aspects. Structure and function of malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes from plants, mammalian cells and ascomycetes (yeast, Neurospora) are considered. Significant information on evolutionary aspects and characterisation of functional domains of the enzymes emanates from bacterial malate and lactate dehydrogenases modified by protein engineering. The review endeavours to give up-to-date information on the biogenesis and intracellular targeting of malate dehydrogenase isoenzymes as well as enzymes cooperating with them in the flow of metabolites of a given pathway and organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gietl
- Institute of Botany, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
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15
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Amino-terminal octapeptides function as recognition signals for the mitochondrial intermediate peptidase. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)42598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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16
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Steffan JS, Minard KI, McAlister-Henn L. Expression and function of heterologous forms of malate dehydrogenase in yeast. Arch Biochem Biophys 1992; 293:93-102. [PMID: 1731644 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90370-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme malate dehydrogenase is highly conserved in various organisms. To test the extent of functional conservation, the rat mitochondrial enzyme and the enzyme from Escherichia coli were expressed in a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing a disruption of the chromosomal MDH1 gene encoding yeast mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. The authentic precursor form of the rat enzyme, expressed using a yeast promoter and a multicopy plasmid, was found to be efficiently targeted to yeast mitochondria and processed to a mature active form in vivo. Mitochondrial levels of the polypeptide and malate dehydrogenase activity were found to be similar to those for MDH1 in wild-type yeast cells. Efficient expression of the E. coli mdh gene was obtained with multicopy plasmids carrying gene fusions encoding either a mature form of the procaryotic enzyme or a precursor form with the amino terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence from yeast MDH1. Very low levels of mitochondrial import and processing of the precursor form were obtained in vivo and activity could be demonstrated for only the expressed precursor fusion protein. Results of in vitro import experiments suggest that the percursor form of the E. coli protein associates with yeast mitochondria but is not efficiently internalized. Respiratory rates measured for isolated yeast mitochondria containing the mammalian or procaryotic enzyme were, respectively, 83 and 62% of normal, suggesting efficient delivery of NADH to the respiratory chain. However, expression of the heterologous enzymes did not result in full complementation of growth phenotypes associated with disruption of the yeast MDH1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Steffan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine 92717
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17
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Horwich AL, Cheng M, West A, Pollock RA. Mitochondrial protein import. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1991; 170:1-42. [PMID: 1760928 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-76389-2_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A dynamic picture of the mitochondrial protein import pathway is emerging, with conformational alteration a critical feature both preceding and following membrane translocation. The mediators of these steps of conformational alteration, as well as steps of recognition, translocation, and proteolytic cleavage, appear to be proteins. Using powerful tools of genetics and biochemistry, in years to come it should be possible to determine the precise molecular function of these proteins in mediating these novel reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Horwich
- Department of Human Genetics, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510-8005
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18
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Perera SY, Chen TC, Curthoys NP. Biosynthesis and processing of renal mitochondrial glutaminase in cultured proximal tubular epithelial cells and in isolated mitochondria. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)38229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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19
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Tanaka-Yamamoto T, Nishikimi M, Ozawa T. In vitro processing of the precursor to human mitochondrial cytochrome c1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1990; 1019:257-60. [PMID: 2169878 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(90)90202-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The processing of the precursor to human cytochrome c1 has been studied using a transcript of a previously obtained human cytochrome c1 cDNA. The transcript was prepared with SP64 plasmid containing the cDNA as a template, and was translated in a reticulocyte lysate cell-free translation system. The molecular mass of a major translation product was estimated to be 34 kDa. The product was shown to be imported into mitochondria, being converted into a mature-sized polypeptide (31.5 kDa), which was resistant to trypsin treatment. Thus, the former was considered to represent the precursor to the latter. The import required the energized state of the inner membrane. It was also demonstrated that a matrix proteinase cleaved the precursor to a form which was not distinguishable in size from the mature-sized one.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tanaka-Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nagoya, Japan
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20
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Chu TW, Eftime R, Sztul E, Strauss AW. Synthetic Transit Peptides Inhibit Import and Processing of Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)60567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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21
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von Heijne G, Steppuhn J, Herrmann RG. Domain structure of mitochondrial and chloroplast targeting peptides. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 180:535-45. [PMID: 2653818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 760] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Representative samples of mitochondrial and chloroplast targeting peptides have been analyzed in terms of amino acid composition, positional amino acid preferences and amphiphilic character. No highly conserved 'homology blocks' are found in either class of topogenic sequence. Mitochondrial-matrix-targeting peptides are composed of two domains with different amphiphilic properties. Arginine is frequently found either at position -10 or -2 relative to the cleavage site, suggesting that some targeting peptides may be cleaved twice in succession by two different matrix proteases. In stroma-targeting chloroplast transit peptides three distinct regions are evident: an uncharged amino-terminal domain, a central domain lacking acidic residues and a carboxy-terminal domain with the potential to form an amphiphilic beta-strand. Targeting peptides that route proteins to the mitochondrial intermembrane space or the lumen of chloroplast thylakoids have a mosaic design with an amino-terminal matrix- or stroma-targeting part attached to a carboxy-terminal extension that shares many characteristics with secretory signal peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- G von Heijne
- Department of Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden
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Nishi T, Nagashima F, Tanase S, Fukumoto Y, Joh T, Shimada K, Matsukado Y, Ushio Y, Morino Y. Import and Processing of Precursor to Mitochondrial Aspartate Aminotransferase. J Biol Chem 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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