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Ru Y, Ma M, Zhou X, Kriti D, Cohen N, D’Souza S, Schaniel C, Motch Perrine SM, Kuo S, Pinto D, Housman G, Wu M, Holmes G, Schadt E, van Bakel H, Zhang B, Jabs EW. Transcriptomic landscape of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived osteogenic differentiation identifies a regulatory role of KLF16. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.11.579844. [PMID: 38405902 PMCID: PMC10888757 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.11.579844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation is essential for bone development and metabolism, but the underlying gene regulatory networks have not been well investigated. We differentiated mesenchymal stem cells, derived from 20 human induced pluripotent stem cell lines, into preosteoblasts and osteoblasts, and performed systematic RNA-seq analyses of 60 samples for differential gene expression. We noted a highly significant correlation in expression patterns and genomic proximity among transcription factor (TF) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) genes. We identified TF-TF regulatory networks, regulatory roles of lncRNAs on their neighboring coding genes for TFs and splicing factors, and differential splicing of TF, lncRNA, and splicing factor genes. TF-TF regulatory and gene co-expression network analyses suggested an inhibitory role of TF KLF16 in osteogenic differentiation. We demonstrate that in vitro overexpression of human KLF16 inhibits osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, and in vivo Klf16+/- mice exhibit increased bone mineral density, trabecular number, and cortical bone area. Thus, our model system highlights the regulatory complexity of osteogenic differentiation and identifies novel osteogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ru
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Meng Ma
- Mount Sinai Genomics, Sema4, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Divya Kriti
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ninette Cohen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Present address: Division of Cytogenetics and Molecular Pathology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health Laboratories, Lake Success, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Sunita D’Souza
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Present address: St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Christoph Schaniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Susan M. Motch Perrine
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sharon Kuo
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Genevieve Housman
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Greg Holmes
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
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Lukosz M, Jakob S, Büchner N, Zschauer TC, Altschmied J, Haendeler J. Nuclear redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 12:713-42. [PMID: 19737086 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species have been described to modulate proteins within the cell, a process called redox regulation. However, the importance of compartment-specific redox regulation has been neglected for a long time. In the early 1980s and 1990s, many in vitro studies introduced the possibility that nuclear redox signaling exists. However, the functional relevance for that has been greatly disregarded. Recently, it has become evident that nuclear redox signaling is indeed one important signaling mechanism regulating a variety of cellular functions. Transcription factors, and even kinases and phosphatases, have been described to be redox regulated in the nucleus. This review describes several of these proteins in closer detail and explains their functions resulting from nuclear localization and redox regulation. Moreover, the redox state of the nucleus and several important nuclear redox regulators [Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1), Glutaredoxins (Grxs), Peroxiredoxins (Prxs), and APEX nuclease (multifunctional DNA-repair enzyme) 1 (APEX1)] are introduced more precisely, and their necessity for regulation of transcription factors is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Lukosz
- Molecular Cell & Aging Research, IUF (Institute for Molecular Preventive Medicine), At the University of Duesseldorf gGmbH, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Nakazato M, Chung HK, Ulianich L, Grassadonia A, Suzuki K, Kohn LD. Thyroglobulin repression of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) gene expression is mediated by decreased DNA binding of nuclear factor I proteins which control constitutive TTF-1 expression. Mol Cell Biol 2000; 20:8499-512. [PMID: 11046146 PMCID: PMC102156 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.20.22.8499-8512.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular thyroglobulin (TG) selectively suppresses the expression of thyroid-restricted transcription factors, thereby altering the expression of thyroid-specific proteins. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which TG suppresses the prototypic thyroid-restricted transcription factor, thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1), in rat FRTL-5 thyrocytes. We show that the region between bp -264 and -153 on the TTF-1 promoter contains two nuclear factor I (NFI) elements whose function is involved in TG-mediated suppression. Thus, NFI binding to these elements is critical for constitutive expression of TTF-1; TG decreases NFI binding to the NFI elements in association with TG repression. NFI is a family of transcription factors that is ubiquitously expressed and contributes to constitutive and cell-specific gene expression. In contrast to the contribution of NFI proteins to constitutive gene expression in other systems, we demonstrate that follicular TG transcriptionally represses all NFI RNAs (NFI-A, -B, -C, and -X) in association with decreased NFI binding and that the RNA levels decrease as early as 4 h after TG treatment. Although TG treatment for 48 h results in a decrease in NFI protein-DNA complexes measured in DNA mobility shift assays, NFI proteins are still detectable by Western analysis. We show, however, that the binding of all NFI proteins is redox regulated. Thus, diamide treatment of nuclear extracts strongly reduces the binding of NFI proteins, and the addition of higher concentrations of dithiothreitol to nuclear extracts from TG-treated cells restores NFI-DNA binding to levels in extracts from untreated cells. We conclude that NFI binding to two NFI elements, at bp -264 to -153, positively regulates TTF-1 expression and controls constitutive TTF-1 levels. TG mediates the repression of TTF-1 gene expression by decreasing NFI RNA and protein levels, as well as by altering the binding activity of NFI, which is redox controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakazato
- Cell Regulation Section, Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Liu Y, Bernard HU, Apt D. NFI-B3, a novel transcriptional repressor of the nuclear factor I family, is generated by alternative RNA processing. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:10739-45. [PMID: 9099724 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.16.10739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor I (NFI) proteins constitute a family of sequence-specific transcription factors whose functional diversity is generated through transcription from four different genes (NFI-A, NFI-B, NFI-C, and NFI-X), alternative RNA splicing, and protein heterodimerization. Here we describe a naturally truncated isoform, NFI-B3, which is derived from the human NFI-B gene, in addition to characterizing further human NFI-B1 and NFI-B2, two differentially spliced variants previously isolated from hamster and chicken. Although NFI-B1 and NFI-B2 proteins are translated from an 8. 7-kilobase message, the mRNA for NFI-B3 has a size of only 1.8 kilobases. The NFI-B3 message originates from the failure to excise the first intron downstream of the exons encoding the DNA binding domain and subsequent processing of this transcript at an intron-internal polyadenylation signal. The translation product includes the proposed DNA binding and dimerization domain and terminates after translation of two additional "intron" encoded codons. In SL-2 cells, which are void of endogenous NFI, NFI-B3 by itself had no effect on transcriptional regulation and failed to bind DNA. Coexpression of NFI-B3 with other isoforms of the NFI-B, -C, and -X family, however, led to a strong reduction of transcriptional activation compared with the expression of these factors alone. Gel shift analysis indicated that NFI-B3 disrupts the function of other NFI proteins by reducing their DNA binding activity by heterodimer formation. The efficiency of NFI-B3 heterodimers to bind to DNA correlated with the degree of transcriptional repression. The abundance of NFI-B transcripts varied significantly between different human cell lines and tissues, suggesting a potential involvement of these factors in the complex mechanisms that generate cell type specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, USA
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Furlong EE, Keon NK, Thornton FD, Rein T, Martin F. Expression of a 74-kDa nuclear factor 1 (NF1) protein is induced in mouse mammary gland involution. Involution-enhanced occupation of a twin NF1 binding element in the testosterone-repressed prostate message-2/clusterin promoter. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:29688-97. [PMID: 8939902 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.47.29688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Testosterone repressed prostate message-2 (TRPM-2)/clusterin gene expression is rapidly induced in early involution of the mouse mammary gland, after weaning, and in the rat ventral prostate, after castration. A search for involution-enhanced DNaseI footprints in the proximal mouse TRPM-2/clusterin gene promoter led to the identification and characterization (by DNase I footprinting and EMSA) of a twin nuclear factor 1 (NF1) binding element at -356/-309, relative to the proposed transcription start site; nuclear extracts from 2-day involuting mouse mammary gland showed an enhanced footprint over the proximal NF1 element; extracts from involuting prostate showed enhanced occupancy of both NF1 binding elements. Subsequent EMSA and Western analysis led to the detection of a 74-kDa NF1 protein whose expression is triggered in early involution in the mouse mammary gland; such an induced protein is not found in the involuting rat ventral prostate. This protein was not found in lactation where three other NF1 proteins of 114, 68, and 46 kDa were detected. Reiteration of the epithelial cell apoptosis associated with early mammary gland involution, in vitro, in a primary cell culture system, triggered the appearance of the 74-kDa NF1. Overlaying the cells with laminin-rich extracellular matrix suppressed the apoptosis and the expression of the 74-kDa NF1 and, in the presence of lactogenic hormones, initiated milk protein gene expression and the expression of two of the lactation-associated NF1 proteins (68 and 46 kDa). This study, thus, identifies for the first time the occurrence of a switch in expression of different members of the family of NF1 transcription factors as mammary epithelial cells move from the differentiated to the involution/apoptotic state, and it is likely that the involution-specific 74-kDa NF1 accounts for the enhanced NF1 footprint detected on the TRPM-2/clusterin promoter with extracts of mouse mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Furlong
- Department of Pharmacology and Biotechnology Center, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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