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Eom S, Shim W, Choi I. Microplastic-induced inhibition of cell adhesion and toxicity evaluation using human dermal fibroblast-derived spheroids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133359. [PMID: 38171200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics and microplastics (MPs) can significantly affect marine ecosystems and pose potential risks to human health. Although adverse effects stemming from direct exposure to MPs have been demonstrated at the cellular level in animal models, the potential toxicity of these materials in the human body remains uncertain. In this study, we investigated the three-dimensional (3D) behavior of dermal-derived cells exposed to MPs using artificially manufactured spherical primary polystyrene (PS) particles. To explore these effects, we used cellular spheroids as a 3D cell culture model, examined the size-dependent penetration of PS-MPs, and observed morphological alterations in the spheroids. Furthermore, we assessed changes in physiological activities, including reactive oxygen species, adenosine triphosphate, and lactate dehydrogenase, to elucidate the potential intra- and extracellular toxic reactions to PS-MPs. Additionally, our examination of cell-cell junctions and the extracellular matrix (ECM), along with analysis of the regulators involved in their decreased integrity, revealed negatively influenced changes in expression. This exposure study using spheroid models provides new insights into the potential toxicity of short-term exposure to MPs under conditions that closely resemble in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghyeon Eom
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosung Shim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Choi
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Park BH, Jeong ES, Lee S, Jang JH. Bio-functionalization and in-vitro evaluation of titanium surface with recombinant fibronectin and elastin fragment in human mesenchymal stem cell. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260760. [PMID: 34914752 PMCID: PMC8675760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium is a biomaterial that meets a number of important requirements, including excellent mechanical and chemical properties, but has low bioactivity. To improve cellular response onto titanium surfaces and hence its osseointegration, the titanium surface was bio-functionalized to mimic an extracellular matrix (ECM)-like microenvironment that positively influences the behavior of stem cells. In this respect, fibronectin and elastin are important components of the ECM that regulate stem cell differentiation by supporting the biological microenvironment. However, each native ECM is unsuitable due to its high production cost and immunogenicity. To overcome these problems, a recombinant chimeric fibronectin type III9-10 and elastin-like peptide fragments (FN9-10ELP) was developed herein and applied to the bio-functionalized of the titanium surface. An evaluation of the biological activity and cellular responses with respect to bone regeneration indicated a 4-week sustainability on the FN9-10ELP functionalized titanium surface without an initial burst effect. In particular, the adhesion and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was significantly increased on the FN9-10ELP coated titanium compared to that observed on the non-coated titanium. The FN9-10ELP coated titanium induced osteogenic differentiation such as the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization activity. In addition, expressions of osteogenesis-related genes such as a collagen type I (Col I), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialo protein (BSP), and PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) were further increased. Thus, in vitro the FN9-10ELP functionalization titanium not only sustained bioactivity but also induced osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs to improve bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Eui-Seung Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeog Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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3
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Park J, Anderson CW, Sewanan LR, Kural MH, Huang Y, Luo J, Gui L, Riaz M, Lopez CA, Ng R, Das SK, Wang J, Niklason L, Campbell SG, Qyang Y. Modular design of a tissue engineered pulsatile conduit using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Acta Biomater 2020; 102:220-230. [PMID: 31634626 PMCID: PMC7227659 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Single ventricle heart defects (SVDs) are congenital disorders that result in a variety of complications, including increased ventricular mechanical strain and mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, leading to heart failure without surgical intervention. Corrective surgery for SVDs are traditionally handled by the Fontan procedure, requiring a vascular conduit for completion. Although effective, current conduits are limited by their inability to aid in pumping blood into the pulmonary circulation. In this report, we propose an innovative and versatile design strategy for a tissue engineered pulsatile conduit (TEPC) to aid circulation through the pulmonary system by producing contractile force. Several design strategies were tested for production of a functional TEPC. Ultimately, we found that porcine extracellular matrix (ECM)-based engineered heart tissue (EHT) composed of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and primary cardiac fibroblasts (HCF) wrapped around decellularized human umbilical artery (HUA) made an efficacious basal TEPC. Importantly, the TEPCs showed effective electrical and mechanical function. Initial pressure readings from our TEPC in vitro (0.68 mmHg) displayed efficient electrical conductivity enabling them to follow electrical pacing up to a 2 Hz frequency. This work represents a proof of principle study for our current TEPC design strategy. Refinement and optimization of this promising TEPC design will lay the groundwork for testing the construct's therapeutic potential in the future. Together this work represents a progressive step toward developing an improved treatment for SVD patients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Single Ventricle Cardiac defects (SVD) are a form of congenital disorder with a morbid prognosis without surgical intervention. These patients are treated through the Fontan procedure which requires vascular conduits to complete. Fontan conduits have been traditionally made from stable or biodegradable materials with no pumping activity. Here, we propose a tissue engineered pulsatile conduit (TEPC) for use in Fontan circulation to alleviate excess strain in SVD patients. In contrast to previous strategies for making a pulsatile Fontan conduit, we employ a modular design strategy that allows for the optimization of each component individually to make a standalone tissue. This work sets the foundation for an in vitro, trainable human induced pluripotent stem cell based TEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Christopher W Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Lorenzo R Sewanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Mehmet H Kural
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Liqiong Gui
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Colleen A Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Ronald Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Subhash K Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Juan Wang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Laura Niklason
- Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Stuart G Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States
| | - Yibing Qyang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Yale Stem Cell Center, 10 Amistad street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States; Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, United States.
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Tension in fibrils suppresses their enzymatic degradation - A molecular mechanism for 'use it or lose it'. Matrix Biol 2019; 85-86:34-46. [PMID: 31201857 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis depends on a balance of synthesis and degradation of constituent proteins, with turnover of a given protein potentially regulated by its use. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is predominantly composed of fibrillar collagens that exhibit tension-sensitive degradation, which we review here at different levels of hierarchy. Past experiments and recent proteomics measurements together suggest that mechanical strain stabilizes collagen against enzymatic degradation at the scale of tissues and fibrils whereas isolated collagen molecules exhibit a biphasic behavior that depends on load magnitude. Within a Michaelis-Menten framework, collagenases at constant concentration effectively exhibit a low activity on substrate fibrils when the fibrils are strained by tension. Mechanisms of such mechanosensitive regulation are surveyed together with relevant interactions of collagen fibrils with cells.
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Hox5 genes direct elastin network formation during alveologenesis by regulating myofibroblast adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10605-E10614. [PMID: 30348760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807067115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hox5 genes (Hoxa5, Hoxb5, Hoxc5) are exclusively expressed in the lung mesenchyme during embryogenesis, and the most severe phenotypes result from constitutive loss of function of all three genes. Because Hox5 triple null mutants exhibit perinatal lethality, the contribution of this paralogous group to postembryonic lung development is unknown. Intriguingly, expression of all three Hox5 genes peaks during the first 2 weeks after birth, reaching levels far exceeding those measured at embryonic stages, and surviving Hoxa5 single and Hox5 AabbCc compound mutants exhibit defects in the localization of alveolar myofibroblasts. To define the contribution of the entire Hox5 paralogous group to this process, we generated an Hoxa5 conditional allele to use with our existing null alleles for Hoxb5 and Hoxc5 Postnatally, mesenchymal deletion of Hoxa5 in an Hoxb5/Hoxc5 double-mutant background results in severe alveolar simplification. The elastin network required for alveolar formation is dramatically disrupted in Hox5 triple mutants, while the basal lamina, interstitial matrix, and fibronectin are normal. Alveolar myofibroblasts remain Pdgfrα+/SMA+ double positive and present in normal numbers, indicating that the irregular elastin network is not due to fibroblast differentiation defects. Rather, we observe that SMA+ myofibroblasts of Hox5 triple mutants are morphologically abnormal both in vivo and in vitro with highly reduced adherence to fibronectin. This loss of adhesion is a result of loss of the integrin heterodimer Itga5b1 in mutant fibroblasts. Collectively, these data show an important role for Hox5 genes in lung fibroblast adhesion necessary for proper elastin network formation during alveologenesis.
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β 1-Integrin-Mediated Adhesion Is Lipid-Bilayer Dependent. Biophys J 2017; 113:1080-1092. [PMID: 28877491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-mediated adhesion is a central feature of cellular adhesion, locomotion, and endothelial cell mechanobiology. Although integrins are known to be transmembrane proteins, little is known about the role of membrane biophysics and dynamics in integrin adhesion. We treated human aortic endothelial cells with exogenous amphiphiles, shown previously in model membranes, and computationally, to affect bilayer thickness and lipid phase separation, and subsequently measured single-integrin-molecule adhesion kinetics using an optical trap, and diffusion using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Benzyl alcohol (BA) partitions to liquid-disordered (Ld) domains, thins them, and causes the greatest increase in hydrophobic mismatch between liquid-ordered (Lo) and Ld domains among the three amphiphiles, leading to domain separation. In human aortic endothelial cells, BA increased β1-integrin-Arg-Gly-Asp-peptide affinity by 18% with a transition from single to double valency, consistent with a doubling of the molecular brightness of mCherry-tagged β1-integrins measured using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Accordingly, BA caused an increase in the size of focal-adhesion-kinase/paxillin-positive peripheral adhesions and reduced migration speeds as measured using wound-healing assays. Vitamin E, which thickens Lo domains and disperses them by lowering edge energy on domain boundaries, left integrin affinity unchanged but reduced binding probability, leading to smaller focal adhesions and equivalent migration speed relative to untreated cells. Vitamin E reversed the BA-induced decrease in migration speed. Triton X-100 also thickens Lo domains, but partitions to both lipid phases and left unchanged binding kinetics, focal adhesion sizes, and migration speed. These results demonstrate that only the amphiphile that thinned Ld lipid domains increased β1-integrin-Arg-Gly-Asp-peptide affinity and valency, thus implicating Ld domains in modulation of integrin adhesion, nascent adhesion formation, and cell migration.
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Tzang BS, Chiang SY, Chan HC, Liu CH, Hsu TC. Human parvovirus B19 antibodies induce altered membrane protein expression and apoptosis of BeWo trophoblasts. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4399-4406. [PMID: 27748859 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human parvovirus B19 (B19) is harmful during pregnancy since it can be vertically transmitted to the developing fetus. In addition, the anti‑B19 antibodies induced by B19 infection are believed to have a cytopathic role in B19 transmission; however, knowledge regarding the effects of anti‑B19 antibodies during pregnancy is limited. To investigate the possible roles of anti‑B19 antibodies during pregnancy, the present study examined the effects of anti‑B19‑VP1 unique region (VP1u), anti‑B19‑VP2 and anti‑B19‑nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies on BeWo trophoblasts. Briefly, BeWo trophoblasts were incubated with purified IgG against B19‑VP1u, B19‑VP2 and B19‑NS1. Subsequently, the expression of surface proteins and apoptotic molecules were assessed in BeWo trophoblasts using flow cytometry, ELISA and western blotting. The expression levels of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‑G were significantly increased on BeWo trophoblasts treated with rabbit anti‑B19‑VP1u IgG, and were unchanged in those treated with rabbit anti‑B19‑NS1 and anti‑B19‑VP2 IgG, as compared with the control group. Furthermore, the expression levels of globoside (P blood group antigen) and cluster of differentiation (CD)29 (β1 integrin) were significantly increased in BeWo trophoblasts treated with rabbit anti‑B19‑NS1 and anti‑B19‑VP2 IgG, whereas only CD29 was also significantly increased in cells treated with anti‑B19‑VP1u IgG. In addition, the number of cells at sub‑G1 phase; caspase‑3 activity; and the expression of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic molecules, including Fas‑associated death domain protein, activated caspase‑8, activated caspase‑3, B‑cell lymphoma 2‑associated X protein, cytochrome c, apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 and activated caspase‑9, were significantly increased in BeWo trophoblasts treated with anti‑B19‑VP1u and anti‑B19‑NS1 IgG. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that antibodies against B19 may have a crucial role in pathological processes during pregnancy. These findings may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying transmission of the B19 virus during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Szu-Yi Chiang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying 73663, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsu-Chin Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Hsien Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Goel PN, Gude RP. Pentoxifylline regulates the cellular adhesion and its allied receptors to extracellular matrix components in breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:93-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Adamson LA, Fowler LJ, Ewald AS, Clare-Salzler MJ, Hobbs JA. Infection and persistence of erythrovirus B19 in benign and cancerous thyroid tissues. J Med Virol 2013; 86:1614-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Adamson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics; University of Florida College of Medicine; Gainesville Florida
| | - Larry J. Fowler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine; University of Florida College of Medicine; Gainesville Florida
| | - Amy S. Ewald
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics; University of Florida College of Medicine; Gainesville Florida
| | - Michael J. Clare-Salzler
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine; University of Florida College of Medicine; Gainesville Florida
| | - Jacqueline A. Hobbs
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics; University of Florida College of Medicine; Gainesville Florida
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Ott LE, Sung EJ, Melvin AT, Sheats MK, Haugh JM, Adler KB, Jones SL. Fibroblast Migration Is Regulated by Myristoylated Alanine-Rich C-Kinase Substrate (MARCKS) Protein. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66512. [PMID: 23840497 PMCID: PMC3686679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a ubiquitously expressed substrate of protein kinase C (PKC) that is involved in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. We hypothesized that MARCKS is involved in regulation of fibroblast migration and addressed this hypothesis by utilizing a unique reagent developed in this laboratory, the MANS peptide. The MANS peptide is a myristoylated cell permeable peptide corresponding to the first 24-amino acids of MARCKS that inhibits MARCKS function. Treatment of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts with the MANS peptide attenuated cell migration in scratch wounding assays, while a myristoylated, missense control peptide (RNS) had no effect. Neither MANS nor RNS peptide treatment altered NIH-3T3 cell proliferation within the parameters of the scratch assay. MANS peptide treatment also resulted in inhibited NIH-3T3 chemotaxis towards the chemoattractant platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), with no effect observed with RNS treatment. Live cell imaging of PDGF-BB induced chemotaxis demonstrated that MANS peptide treatment resulted in weak chemotactic fidelity compared to RNS treated cells. MANS and RNS peptides did not affect PDGF-BB induced phosphorylation of MARCKS or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, as measured by Akt phosphorylation. Further, no difference in cell migration was observed in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts that were transfected with MARCKS siRNAs with or without MANS peptide treatment. Genetic structure-function analysis revealed that MANS peptide-mediated attenuation of NIH-3T3 cell migration does not require the presence of the myristic acid moiety on the amino-terminus. Expression of either MANS or unmyristoylated MANS (UMANS) C-terminal EGFP fusion proteins resulted in similar levels of attenuated cell migration as observed with MANS peptide treatment. These data demonstrate that MARCKS regulates cell migration and suggests that MARCKS-mediated regulation of fibroblast migration involves the MARCKS amino-terminus. Further, this data demonstrates that MANS peptide treatment inhibits MARCKS function during fibroblast migration and that MANS mediated inhibition occurs independent of myristoylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Ott
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Eui Jae Sung
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adam T. Melvin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mary K. Sheats
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jason M. Haugh
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kenneth B. Adler
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Samuel L. Jones
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Tseng PY, Chang YC. Tethered fibronectin liposomes on supported lipid bilayers as a prepackaged controlled-release platform for cell-based assays. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2254-62. [PMID: 22721275 DOI: 10.1021/bm300426u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A biomimetic construct containing an extracellular matrix protein-liposome composite tethered on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) was formed with fibronectin (FN), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cholesterol-containing liposomes. The construct can serve as a multifunctional platform for cell attachment and drug release. The successful fabrication of the FN-liposome-SLB model platform was analyzed in situ with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. The long-term stability of the surface tethered liposomes was measured via an encapsulated fluorescent probe. Less than 20% of the fluorescent probe content was released in 8 days, which compared favorably to the release of 90% of the probe content in one day from a similar construct made without PEG and cholesterol. HeLa cells were used to study the cellular interactions with the model platform. The extracellular matrix composition, FN, was found to be essential to promote HeLa cell adhesion on the liposome-SLB surfaces. Upon cell adhesion, the liposomes were spatially reorganized and absorbed by the cells. The rate of HeLa cell apoptosis was correlated with the surface density of doxorubicin-loaded liposomes, confirming the effective drug delivery through liposomes. The multifunctional model platform could be useful as preadministered, controlled-release platforms for cell- and tissue-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Tseng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Peter Y, Sen N, Levantini E, Keller S, Ingenito EP, Ciner A, Sackstein R, Shapiro SD. CD45/CD11b positive subsets of adult lung anchorage-independent cells harness epithelial stem cells in culture. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:572-83. [PMID: 22585451 DOI: 10.1002/term.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Compensatory growth is mediated by multiple cell types that interact during organ repair. To elucidate the relationship between stem/progenitor cells that proliferate or differentiate and somatic cells of the lung, we used a novel organotypic ex vivo pneumoexplant system. Applying this technique, we identified a sustained culture of repopulating adult progenitors in the form of free-floating anchorage-independent cells (AICs). AICs did not express integrin proteins α5, β3 and β7, and constituted 37% of the total culture at day 14, yielding a mixed yet conservative population that recapitulated RNA expression patterns of the healthy lung. AICs exhibited rapid proliferation manifested by a marked 60-fold increase in cell numbers by day 21. More than 50% of the AIC population was c-KIT(+) or double-positive for CD45(+) and CD11b(+) antigenic determinants, consistent with cells of hematopoietic origin. The latter subset was found to be enriched with prosurfactant protein-C and SCGB1A1 expressing putative stem cells and with aquaporin-5 producing cells, characteristic of terminally differentiated alveolar epithelial type-1 pneumocytes. At the air/gel interface, AICs undergo remodeling to form a cellular lining, whereas TGF(β)1 treatment modifies protein expression properties to further imply a robust effect of the microenvironment on AIC phenotypic changes. These data confirm the active participation of clonogenic hematopoietic stem cells in a mammalian model of lung repair and validate mixed stem/somatic cell cultures, which license sustained cell viability, proliferation and differentiation, for use in studies of compensatory pulmonary growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakov Peter
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Shibasaki Y, Hirohara S, Terada K, Ando T, Tanihara M. Collagen-like polypeptide poly(Pro-Hyp-Gly) conjugated with Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser and Pro-His-Ser-Arg-Asn peptides enchances cell adhesion, migration, and stratification. Biopolymers 2011; 96:302-15. [PMID: 20939034 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Collagens are widely used in medical applications, including as a scaffold for tissue regeneration. However, animal-derived collagens have several drawbacks, such as low thermal stability, nonspecific cell adhesion, antigenicity, and contamination with pathogenic substances. To overcome these problems, we chemically synthesized the collagen-like polypeptide, poly(prolyl-hydroxyprolyl-glycyl) (poly(Pro-Hyp-Gly)), which forms a collagen-like triple-helical structure and shows biodegradability and biocompatibility. Here, we designed a novel scaffold where fibronectin-derived Gly Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (GRGDS) and Pro-His-Ser-Arg-Asn (PHSRN) peptides were simultaneously conjugated with poly(Pro-Hyp-Gly). We assessed cell adhesion and migration activities using NIH3T3 cells in the scaffold and stratification ofimmortalized rabbit corneal epithelial cells. Cell adhesion was enhanced in scaffolds with GRGDS, increased with increasing amounts of conjugated GRGDS, and was significantly higher than bovine type I atelocollagen but lower than bovine fibronectin. Interestingly, simultaneous conjugation of GRGDS and PHSRN synergistically enhanced cell migration. Scaffolds containing almost equal amounts of GRGDS and PHSRN showed significantly higher cell migration than bovine type I atelocollagen. Addition of free GRGDS completely inhibited cell migration on the scaffold, whereas addition of free PHSRN partially inhibited cell migration. These results suggest that GRGDS plays a definitive role, and PHSRN plays an additional role, in cell migration. Conjugation of GRGDS resulted in the same level of stratification of rabbit corneal epithelial cells compared with bovine type I atelocollagen and bovine fibronectin. Because the simultaneous conjugation of GRGDS and PHSRN on poly(Pro-Hyp-Gly) enhances cell adhesion, migration, and stratification, it may be a useful scaffold for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Shibasaki
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Marwood M, Visser K, Salamonsen LA, Dimitriadis E. Interleukin-11 and leukemia inhibitory factor regulate the adhesion of endometrial epithelial cells: implications in fertility regulation. Endocrinology 2009; 150:2915-23. [PMID: 19213836 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation requires the closely harmonized processes of apposition, attachment, and adhesion of the conceptus to the maternal endometrial epithelium. IL-11 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), two IL-6 family cytokines, are produced by the endometrium and are absolutely required for implantation in mice. We examined the effect of IL-11 and LIF on human endometrial epithelial cell adhesion. Both cytokines increased adhesion of primary human endometrial epithelial cells to fibronectin and collagen IV. IL-11 stimulated, whereas LIF had no effect on the adhesion of trophoblast to endometrial epithelial cells. Focused oligogene arrays were used to identify extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules mRNAs regulated by endometrial epithelial cells. We demonstrated by real-time RT-PCR and antibody arrays that both cytokines increased integrin-alpha2 mRNA and protein by endometrial epithelial cells. Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)-3 inhibition reduced IL-11- and LIF-mediated epithelial cell adhesion to fibronectin, suggesting both cytokines regulated adhesion via phosphorylation of STAT3. Addition of either IL-11 neutralizing antibody and IL-11 or LIF and LIF antagonist to endometrial epithelial cells abolished cytokine induced phosphorylated STAT3. LIF but not IL-11 induced adhesion to collagen IV was reduced by an integrin-alpha2beta1 neutralizing antibody. This study demonstrated that IL-11 and LIF regulated endometrial epithelial cell adhesion, suggesting that targeting IL-11 and LIF may be useful in regulating fertility by either enhancing or blocking implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marwood
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Harima A, Nakaseko C, Yokota A, Kitagawa M, Morimoto C, Harigaya K, Saito Y. Fibronectin promotes cell proliferation of human pre-B cell line via its interactions with VLA-4 and VLA-5. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 13:236-43. [PMID: 18796250 DOI: 10.1179/102453308x348315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin (FN) is thought to play an important role in various aspects of hematopoiesis through binding to very late antigen (VLA)-4 and VLA-5. Little is known, however, about the effects of FN on the proliferation of B cell progenitors. In this study, we investigated the effects of immobilized FN on the proliferation of the pre-B cell line, Nalm-6, which expresses both VLA-4 and VLA-5. Immobilized FN significantly promoted the proliferation of Nalm-6 cells through the synergistic effects of VLA-4 and VLA-5. Furthermore, FN induced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) of Nalm-6 cells. The MAPK kinase 1 (MEK1) inhibitor, PD98059, and Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A, inhibited the FN-promoted proliferation of Nalm-6 cells. These results demonstrate that the interactions of FN and VLA-4/VLA-5 transmit the growth signals that are mediated through Src family tyrosine kinases and the MAPK cascade in Nalm-6 cells. The precise mechanism of synergistic effect of VLA-4 and VLA-5 on FN-promoted proliferation of Nalm-6 cells should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Harima
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 2, Japan
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16
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Boese G, Trimpert C, Albrecht W, Malsch G, Groth T, Lendlein A. Membranes from Acrylonitrile-Based Polymers for Selective Cultivation of Human Keratinocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:2995-3002. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Boese
- Institute of Polymer Research, GKSS Research Center Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Christiane Trimpert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin B, Universitätsklinikum der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Albrecht
- Institute of Polymer Research, GKSS Research Center Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Günter Malsch
- Institute of Polymer Research, GKSS Research Center Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Thomas Groth
- Biomedical Materials Group, Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Polymer Research, GKSS Research Center Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
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17
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Lapadula G, Iannone F. Metabolic activity of chondrocytes in human osteoarthritis as a result of cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2006; 34:9-12. [PMID: 16206949 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2004.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jang JH, Chung CP. Fibronectin-mediated adhesion rescues cell cycle arrest induced by fibroblast growth factor-1 by decreased expression of p21(cip/waf) in human chondrocytes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2006; 41:126-9. [PMID: 16153144 DOI: 10.1290/0412082.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In chondrocytes, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) inhibit chondrocytes proliferation by upregulation of the cell cycle inhibitor p21(cip/waf). In this report, we first investigated the roles of fibronectin (FN)-mediated cell adhesion in the modulation of FGF-1's antiproliferative function in chondrocytes. In this study, we found that FN-mediated signaling could rescue cell cycle arrest induced by FGF-1 in primary human chondrocytes. This prevention of cell cycle arrest induced by FGF-1 was due to the suppression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21(cip/waf) expression on adhesion to FN and its downstream activation of signaling pathways. Finally, we showed that this rescue induced by FN-mediated adhesion is dependent on the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Taken together, these studies support that, despite FGF-FGF receptor's growth-inhibitory function, the FN-mediated signaling can collaborate to compensate for its negative effect on chondrocytes proliferation, providing evidence for cross talk between signals emerging from these cell surface molecules in chondrocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hyeog Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University College of Medicine, Jung-Gu, Incheon 400-712, Korea.
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19
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Wadehra M, Forbes A, Pushkarna N, Goodglick L, Gordon LK, Williams CJ, Braun J. Epithelial membrane protein-2 regulates surface expression of alphavbeta3 integrin in the endometrium. Dev Biol 2005; 287:336-45. [PMID: 16216233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2005] [Revised: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The four-transmembrane protein epithelial membrane protein-2 (EMP2) was recently identified as an endometrial protein necessary for blastocyst implantation, but the mechanism of this role is uncertain. In other cell types, EMP2 controls delivery of certain classes of proteins to the cell surface, including various integrin isoforms (a class of receptors implicated in endometrial-blastocyst interaction). Since alphavbeta3 integrin is an important endometrial molecule involved in blastocyst interaction, we evaluated the role of EMP2 in modulating integrin expression in the HEC1A endometrial cell line and endometrial epithelium in vivo. Elevation of EMP2 expression in HEC1A cells selectively increased the expression of alphavbeta3 integrin on the plasma membrane and was functional as judged by increased cell binding to an alphavbeta3 ligand, fibronectin. Conversely, reduction in EMP2 expression using an EMP2 specific ribozyme decreased the cell alphavbeta3 surface expression. The influence of EMP2 on alphavbeta3 integrin was also observed in vivo as reduction of EMP2 using ribozymes or short hairpin RNA diminished alphavbeta3 integrin expression in glandular and luminal uterine epithelium. Colocalization and coimmunoprecipitation studies suggested that EMP2 and alphavbeta3 integrin predominantly exist in a physically associated state. This study demonstrates for the first time the influence of EMP2 on alphavbeta3 surface expression and suggests that surface trafficking of integrin alphavbeta3 by EMP2 during the window of implantation may be a mechanism for its requirement in endometrial-blastocyst interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Wadehra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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20
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Wilson CJ, Clegg RE, Leavesley DI, Pearcy MJ. Mediation of biomaterial-cell interactions by adsorbed proteins: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:1-18. [PMID: 15738657 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2005.11.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1018] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate cellular response to implanted surfaces is essential for tissue regeneration and integration. It is well described that implanted materials are immediately coated with proteins from blood and interstitial fluids, and it is through this adsorbed layer that cells sense foreign surfaces. Hence, it is the adsorbed proteins, rather than the surface itself, to which cells initially respond. Diverse studies using a range of materials have demonstrated the pivotal role of extracellular adhesion proteins--fibronectin and vitronectin in particular--in cell adhesion, morphology, and migration. These events underlie the subsequent responses required for tissue repair, with the nature of cell surface interactions contributing to survival, growth, and differentiation. The pattern in which adhesion proteins and other bioactive molecules adsorb thus elicits cellular reactions specific to the underlying physicochemical properties of the material. Accordingly, in vitro studies generally demonstrate favorable cell responses to charged, hydrophilic surfaces, corresponding to superior adsorption and bioactivity of adhesion proteins. This review illustrates the mediation of cell responses to biomaterials by adsorbed proteins, in the context of osteoblasts and selected materials used in orthopedic implants and bone tissue engineering. It is recognized, however, that the periimplant environment in vivo will differ substantially from the cell-biomaterial interface in vitro. Hence, one of the key issues yet to be resolved is that of the interface composition actually encountered by osteoblasts within the sequence of inflammation and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron J Wilson
- Tissue Bioregeneration Domain, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Engineering Systems, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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21
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Larivière B, Rouleau M, Picard S, Beaulieu AD. Human plasma fibronectin potentiates the mitogenic activity of platelet-derived growth factor and complements its wound healing effects. Wound Repair Regen 2003; 11:79-89. [PMID: 12581430 DOI: 10.1046/j.1524-475x.2003.11112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Integrin-mediated cell adhesion and growth factor stimuli are both required for optimal control of cell proliferation. In the context of skin injury, cell-derived fibronectin and platelet-derived growth factor play important roles in the stimulation of cell proliferation and migration, activities that are crucial to the healing process. To assess the ability of exogenously supplied plasma-derived fibronectin to stimulate wound repair and to study its ability to cooperate with platelet-derived growth factor-BB during healing, we devised a novel topical delivery formulation that allows the controlled release of both molecules to a wound. Using this topical formulation and the rabbit ear model of dermal wound healing, we show that plasma fibronectin is a potent stimulator of the wound healing process. We also show that administration of fibronectin and platelet-derived growth factor-BB in combination has additive wound healing effects. Finally, we report novel findings on the ability of soluble plasma fibronectin to potentiate the mitogenic effects of platelet-derived growth factor-BB in vitro. These findings not only show that optimal concentrations of exogenous fibronectin administered using an effective delivery system stimulate wound healing; they also suggest that PDGF-BB should be administered with fibronectin to achieve optimal therapeutic stimulation of wound healing.
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22
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Valencik ML, Keller RS, Loftus JC, McDonald JA. A lethal perinatal cardiac phenotype resulting from altered integrin function in cardiomyocytes. J Card Fail 2002; 8:262-72. [PMID: 12397575 DOI: 10.1054/jcaf.2002.127335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins are heterodimeric receptors that couple the extracellular matrix to intracellular signaling pathways and the cyoskeleton. Integrins are strain transducers and candidates for modulators or effectors of cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS To begin to probe this function, we have transgenically expressed a chimeric protein that alters integrin function in cardiomyocytes. The transgene (Tac-beta(1D)) consists of the biologically inert extracellular and transmembrane domain of the interleukin-2 receptor alpha subunit (Tac) fused to the cytoplasmic tail of the human beta(1D) integrin driven by the cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. Transgene expression results in a severe, usually fatal, perinatal cardiac phenotype, characterized by initial electrocardiographic abnormalities followed by extensive myocyte loss, macrophage infiltration, and replacement fibrosis. RESULTS Expression of Tac-beta(1D) resulted in displacement of endogenous beta(1D) integrin from Z-lines and T-tubules, decreased expression of endogenous beta(1D), and disrupted the fibronectin pericellular matrix. These results are consistent with an essential role for beta(1) integrins in maintenance of cardiomyocyte viability and interaction with extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION The appearance of conduction abnormalities before morphologic changes suggests that integrins are important in the development or maintenance of the conducting system of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Valencik
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
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23
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Choung PH, Seo BM, Chung CP, Yamada KM, Jang JH. Synergistic activity of fibronectin and fibroblast growth factor receptors on neuronal adhesion and neurite extension through extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 295:898-902. [PMID: 12127979 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is an important modulator of cell growth and differentiation of various cells including neuron. Cells need to adhere specifically to cellular and extracellular components of their environment to carry out diverse physiological functions. Here, we examined whether fibronectin (FN) and FGF can cooperate for neuronal adhesion and neurite outgrowth. Using recombinant FN peptide (FNIII9-10), we found that FNIII9-10-mediated adhesion promotes the effect of FGF1 on neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells, while FGF1 enhances the FNIII9-10-mediated neuronal adhesion of PC12 cells. This collaboration of FNIII9-10 and FGF1 was the result of the sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-type MAP kinase. Finally, the synergistic activity of FGF1 and FN was inhibited by PD98059, an MEK inhibitor. Taken together, these findings indicate that FN-mediated signaling can collaborate with FGFRs signaling for neurite outgrowth through selective activation of ERK-type MAP kinase in PC12 cells, and suggest that FN and FGF act in concert to regulate cell differentiation in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pill Hoon Choung
- Intellectual Biointerface Engineering Center, Seoul National University College of Dentistry, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Larouche K, Leclerc S, Salesse C, Guérin SL. Expression of the alpha 5 integrin subunit gene promoter is positively regulated by the extracellular matrix component fibronectin through the transcription factor Sp1 in corneal epithelial cells in vitro. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:39182-92. [PMID: 10995740 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002945200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of fibronectin (FN) in response to corneal epithelium injury has been postulated to turn on expression of the FN-binding integrin alpha(5)beta(1). In this work, we determined whether the activity directed by the alpha(5) gene promoter can be modulated by FN in rabbit corneal epithelial cells (RCEC). The activity driven by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase/alpha(5) promoter-bearing plasmids was drastically increased when transfected into RCEC grown on FN-coated culture dishes. The promoter sequence mediating FN responsiveness was shown to bear a perfect inverted repeat that we designated the fibronectin-responsive element (FRE). Analyses in electrophoretic mobility shift assays provided evidence that Sp1 is the predominant transcription factor binding the FRE. Its DNA binding affinity was found to be increased when RCEC are grown on FN-coated dishes. The addition of the MEK kinase inhibitor PD98059 abolished FN responsiveness suggesting that alteration in the state of phosphorylation of Sp1 likely accounts for its increased binding to the alpha(5) FRE. The FRE also proved sufficient to confer FN responsiveness to an otherwise unresponsive heterologous promoter. However, site-directed mutagenesis indicated that only the 3' half-site of the FRE was required to direct FN responsiveness. Collectively, binding of FN to its alpha(5)beta(1) integrin activates a signal transduction pathway that results in the transcriptional activation of the alpha(5) gene likely through altering the phosphorylation state of Sp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Larouche
- Oncology and Molecular Endocrinology Research Center, and Ophthalmology Research Unit, CHUL/CHUQ and Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
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25
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Abstract
TGN38 luminal domain (TGN38LD) was expressed in Cos-7 cells to identify potential binding partners. The luminal domain was secreted but, surprisingly, a significant portion bound to the plasma membrane. Cells overexpressing TGN38LD or the full-length molecule detached from the substratum and left footprints positive for TGN38. Unexpectedly, in these cells, TGN38 colocalizes with integrin alpha 5 beta 1 at the Golgi, the cell surface or in the footprints and an increased amount of both integrin subunits on the plasma membrane was observed. Under physiological conditions when TGN38 is not overexpressed, it interacts with integrin beta 1. This was demonstrated by reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation of integrin beta 1 and TGN38. Functional analysis reveals that modification of the trafficking of TGN38 results in a parallel change in the distribution of integrin alpha 5 beta 1, leading to the conclusion that TGN38 is involved in the trafficking of integrin beta 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Cellular & Structural Biology, Box B-111, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 4200 E 9th Ave., Denver, CO 80262, USA
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26
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Germain L, Carrier P, Auger FA, Salesse C, Guérin SL. Can we produce a human corneal equivalent by tissue engineering? Prog Retin Eye Res 2000; 19:497-527. [PMID: 10925241 DOI: 10.1016/s1350-9462(00)00005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is progressing rapidly. Bioengineered substitutes are already available for experimental applications and some clinical purposes such as skin replacement. This review focuses on the development of reconstructed human cornea in vitro by tissue engineering. Key elements to consider in the corneal reconstruction, such as the source for epithelial cells and keratocytes, are discussed and the various steps of production are presented. Since one application of this human model is to obtain a better understanding of corneal wound healing, the mechanisms of this phenomenon as well as the function played both by membrane-bound integrins and components from the extracellular matrix have also been addressed. The analysis of integrins by immunohistofluorescence labelling of our reconstructed human cornea revealed that beta(1), alpha(3), alpha(5), and alpha(6) integrin subunits were expressed but alpha(4) was not. Laminin, type VII collagen and fibronectin were also detected. Finally, the future challenges of corneal reconstruction by tissue engineering are discussed and the tremendous applications of such tissue produced in vitro for experimental as well as clinical purposes are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Germain
- Laboratoire d'Organogénèse Expérimentale (LOEX), CHA Pavillon Saint-Sacrement, Qc, G1 S 4L8, Québec, Canada.
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Gao B, Curtis TM, Blumenstock FA, Minnear FL, Saba TM. Increased recycling of (alpha)5(beta)1 integrins by lung endothelial cells in response to tumor necrosis factor. J Cell Sci 2000; 113 Pt 2:247-57. [PMID: 10633076 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.113.2.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (alpha) (TNF-(alpha) can change the interaction of lung endothelial cell monolayers with their extracellular matrix in association with an increase in endothelial monolayer protein permeability. Using immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we determined if exposure of calf pulmonary artery endothelial monolayers to TNF-(alpha) may influence cell-matrix interactions by altering the clustering as well as internalization of the (α)5(beta)1 integrins (or fibronectin receptors) on the surface of endothelial cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that TNF-(alpha) caused an increase in the intracellular staining of (alpha)5(alpha)1 integrins within structures similar to endocytic vesicles as well as an increase in antibody-induced clustering of the integrins at the cell periphery. Flow cytometric analysis of endothelial cells incubated at 37 degrees C after antibody-labeling of their surface (alpha)5(beta)1 integrins at 4 degrees C confirmed an increase in the rate of (alpha)5(beta)1 integrin internalization which was at least 3 times greater after TNF-(α) exposure, based on the half-life for antibody-labeled surface integrins to reach equilibrium with non-labeled integrins within the intracellular pool. Interestingly, the total cell surface expression of (alpha)5(beta)1 integrins was relatively constant after TNF-(alpha) exposure despite the enhanced rate of internalization, suggesting an accelerated recycling of the internalized (alpha)5(beta)1 integrins back to the cell surface. This response was confirmed by the measurement of labeled integrin recycling, which showed a significant (P<0.01) increase in the rate of recycling of the internalized integrins in TNF-treated endothelial cells. Enhanced internalization and subsequent recycling of (alpha)5(beta)1 integrins by endothelial monolayers exposed to TNF-(alpha) may facilitate the redistribution of cell-surface integrins in response to this inflammatory cytokine and may also modify cell-matrix interactions leading to reduced integrity and increased protein permeability of the lung endothelial monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Neil Hellman Medical Research Building, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA
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28
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Davey G, Buzzai M, Assoian RK. Reduced expression of (alpha)5(beta)1 integrin prevents spreading-dependent cell proliferation. J Cell Sci 1999; 112 ( Pt 24):4663-72. [PMID: 10574714 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.112.24.4663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion to substratum results in the initiation of integrin signaling and an integrin-dependent organization of the cytoskeleton (cell spreading). To address the potential relationships between these events and cell proliferation, we transfected NRK fibroblasts with an antisense cDNA encoding a 1.3 kb ATG-spanning portion of (alpha)5 integrin subunit and obtained stable clones in which the surface expression of (alpha)5(beta)1 integrin was selectively reduced. (alpha)5-antisense NRK cells are less spread than the control transfectants, have poorly defined stress fibers, and an increased amount of cortical actin. The antisense clones remained anchorage-dependent, but they proliferated very slowly. Serum dose-response curves showed that they have an impaired response to mitogens. Importantly, cell spreading and stress fiber formation could be completely restored by plating the antisense cells on collagen, but cell spreading failed to rescue proliferation. These data indicate that cell spreading can be uncoupled from cell proliferation and that cytoskeletal organization is important for NRK cell proliferation because it enforces the proliferative effect of (alpha)5(beta)1 integrin. Our results also indicate that reduced surface expression of (alpha)5(beta)1 integrin is not sufficient to confer the anchorage-independent phenotype to nontransformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Davey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6084, USA
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29
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Slack JK, Higgins PJ. Attenuation of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 promoter activity in serum-stimulated renal epithelial cells by a distal 5' flanking region. CELL MOTILITY AND THE CYTOSKELETON 1999; 44:168-76. [PMID: 10542365 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0169(199911)44:3<168::aid-cm2>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Urokinase plasminogen activator (u-PA) and its fast acting type-1 inhibitor (PAI-1) localize to cellular focal adhesive structures and the adjoining proximal undersurface region, respectively (Kutz et al., J. Cell. Physiol. 176:8-18, 1997). PAI-1 may function in this locale to modulate pericellular proteolytic activity, cell-to-substrate adhesion, or matrix-dependent motility. While PAI-1 synthesis is regulated in an immediate-early response manner in growth "activated" renal cells coincident with cytoskeletal restructuring, adhesive influences both repress the amplitude and prolong the time course of serum-induced PAI-1 transcription (Ryan et al., Biochem. J. 314:1041-1046, 1996). To identify potential adhesion-responsive elements within the PAI-1 gene that function in this complex mode of expression control, reporter constructs containing defined directionally deleted PAI-1 5' genomic fragments cloned upstream of a CAT gene were employed in transient transfection assays. A 483-bp distal PAI-1 flanking segment (corresponding to nucleotides -2395 to -1912) conferred significant adhesion-dependent attenuation on serum-induced PAI-1 transcription. This 483-bp distal PAI-1 segment functioned as a repressor of reporter (CAT) activity under both adhesive and suspension culture conditions, however, when ligated upstream of either an SV40 promoter/enhancer or a minimal PAI-1 promoter. These data suggest that repressor elements located between -2395 and -1912 bp interact with more proximal adhesion-dependent regulatory elements to affect PAI-1 expression attenuation during serum stimulation of adherent renal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Slack
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA
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Dalton SL, Scharf E, Davey G, Assoian RK. Transforming growth factor-beta overrides the adhesion requirement for surface expression of alpha(5)beta(1) integrin in normal rat kidney fibroblasts. A necessary effect for induction of anchorage-independent growth. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:30139-45. [PMID: 10514503 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.42.30139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the expression of alpha(5)beta(1) integrin on the cell surface is dependent upon cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, and we report here that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) overcomes this requirement in normal rat kidney (NRK) fibroblasts. Thus, suspended NRK cells treated with TGF-beta show levels of surface alpha(5)beta(1) integrin that are equivalent to those seen in adherent cells. Moreover, several experiments showed that this effect is necessary for the induction of anchorage-independent growth by TGF-beta. First, a kinetic analysis showed that surface expression of alpha(5)beta(1) integrin was restored in TGF-beta-treated NRK cells prior to the induction of anchorage-independent growth. Second, NRK cell mutants that have lost their TGF-beta requirement for surface expression of alpha(5)beta(1) integrin were anchorage-independent in the absence of TGF-beta. Third, an antisense oligonucleotide to the beta(1) integrin subunit or, fourth, stable expression of an alpha(5)-antisense cDNA blocked the ability of TGF-beta to stimulate anchorage-independent growth. Thus, TGF-beta overrides the adhesion requirement for surface expression of alpha(5)beta(1) integrin in NRK cells, and this effect is necessary for the induction of anchorage-independent growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Dalton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6084, USA
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Lapadula G, Iannone F. Chondrocytes-ECM Interactions in Human Osteoarthritis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1999; 455:413-7. [PMID: 10599377 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4857-7_62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Lapadula
- Department of Internal Medicine and Occupational Health, University of Bari, Italy.
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Pozzi A, Wary KK, Giancotti FG, Gardner HA. Integrin alpha1beta1 mediates a unique collagen-dependent proliferation pathway in vivo. J Cell Biol 1998; 142:587-94. [PMID: 9679154 PMCID: PMC2133043 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.142.2.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/1998] [Revised: 06/09/1998] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of integrins upon binding to extracellular matrix proteins is believed to be a crucial step for the regulation of cell survival and proliferation. We have used integrin alpha1-null mice to investigate the role of this collagen receptor in the regulation of cell growth and survival in vivo. alpha1-deficient animals, which are viable and fertile, have a hypocellular dermis and a deficiency in dermal fibroblast proliferation as embryos. In vitro analysis of alpha1-null embryonic fibroblasts has revealed that their proliferation rate is markedly reduced when plated on collagenous substrata, despite normal attachment and spreading. Moreover, on the same collagenous matrices, alpha1-null fibroblasts fail to recruit and activate the adaptor protein Shc. The failure to activate Shc is accompanied by a downstream deficiency in recruitment of Grb2 and subsequent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Taken together with the growth deficiency observed on collagens, this finding indicates that the alpha1beta1 is the sole collagen receptor which can activate the Shc mediated growth pathway. Thus, integrin alpha1 has a unique role among the collagen receptors in regulating both in vivo and in vitro cell proliferation in collagenous matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pozzi
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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Lapadula G, Iannone F, Zuccaro C, Grattagliano V, Covelli M, Patella V, Lo Bianco G, Pipitone V. Chondrocyte phenotyping in human osteoarthritis. Clin Rheumatol 1998; 17:99-104. [PMID: 9641504 DOI: 10.1007/bf01452253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell-ECM (extracellular matrix) interactions are believed to play a key role in maintaining the normal structure of tissues such as cartilage. Cell surface adhesion molecules have been reported to mediate chondrocyte binding to ECM proteins in human normal cartilage but the behaviour of these molecules in human osteoarthritic cartilage is unknown. We studied receptor matrix proteins on freshly isolated chondrocytes obtained from 10 patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Chondrocytes were isolated by enzymatic digestion from three zones of the articular cartilage with a different degree of macroscopic and microscopic damage and chondrocyte phenotype was defined by flow cytometry. Chondrocytes strongly expressed beta1, integrin but not beta3 integrin. LFA-1 (CD18/CD11a) and ICAM-1 (CD54) antigens were almost undetectable. Interestingly, beta1 expression was significantly higher in the minimally damaged zone than in the zones with medium and maximum damage. These data show that beta1-integrin-mediated chondrocyte-ECM interactions decrease in osteoarthritic cartilage suggesting that perturbations of chondrocyte-matrix signalling occurs during OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lapadula
- Cattedra di Reumatologia, Università degli Studi Bari, Italy.
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Choquet D, Felsenfeld DP, Sheetz MP. Extracellular matrix rigidity causes strengthening of integrin-cytoskeleton linkages. Cell 1997; 88:39-48. [PMID: 9019403 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 875] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To move forward, migrating cells must generate traction forces through surface receptors bound to extracellular matrix molecules coupled to a rigid structure. We investigated whether cells sample and respond to the rigidity of the anchoring matrix. Movement of beads coated with fibronectin or an anti-integrin antibody was restrained with an optical trap on fibroblasts to mimic extracellular attachment sites of different resistance. Cells precisely sense the restraining force on fibronectin beads and respond by a localized, proportional strengthening of the cytoskeleton linkages, allowing stronger force to be exerted on the integrins. This strengthening was absent or transient with antibody beads, but restored with soluble fibronectin. Hence, ligand binding site occupancy was required. Finally, phenylarsine oxide inhibited strengthening of cytoskeletal linkages, indicating a role for dephosphorylation. Thus, the strength of integrin-cytoskeleton linkages is dependent on matrix rigidity and on its biochemical composition. Matrix rigidity may, therefore, serve as a guidance cue in a process of mechanotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Choquet
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Jobanputra P, Lin H, Jenkins K, Bavington C, Brennan FR, Nuki G, Salter DM, Godolphin JL. Modulation of human chondrocyte integrins by inflammatory synovial fluid. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1996; 39:1430-2. [PMID: 8702456 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780390826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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36
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Hanenberg H, Xiao XL, Dilloo D, Hashino K, Kato I, Williams DA. Colocalization of retrovirus and target cells on specific fibronectin fragments increases genetic transduction of mammalian cells. Nat Med 1996; 2:876-82. [PMID: 8705856 DOI: 10.1038/nm0896-876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cells are important targets for genetic modification with retroviral vectors. Attempts at human gene therapy of stem cells have achieved limited success partly because of low gene transfer efficiency. Chymotryptic fragments of the extracellular matrix molecule fibronectin used during infection have been shown to increase transduction of human hematopoietic progenitor cells. Here, we demonstrate that this enhanced gene transfer into mammalian target cells is due to direct binding of retroviral particles to sequences within the fibronectin molecule. Transduction of mammalian cells, including murine long-term repopulating hematopoietic cells, is greatly enhanced when cells are adherent to chimeric fragments containing these retroviral binding sequences. In addition, colocalization of retrovirus and target cells on fibronectin peptides allows targeted transduction of specific cell types by exploiting unique ligand/receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hanenberg
- Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Herman B No. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis 46202-5225, USA
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Jobanputra P. Chondrocyte metalloproteinase activation through integrin receptors and interleukin-1: comment on the article by Arner and Tortorella. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1996; 39:709-711. [PMID: 8630128 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780390429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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39
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Colchicine inhibits integrin α5β1 gene expression during PMA-induced differentiation of U937 cells. Arch Pharm Res 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02976338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang D, Birkenmeier TM, Yang J, Venkateswarlu S, Humphrey L, Brattain MG, Sun L. Release from quiescence stimulates the expression of integrin alpha 5 beta 1 which regulates DNA synthesis in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. J Cell Physiol 1995; 164:499-508. [PMID: 7650060 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041640308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We show that integrin alpha 5 subunit expression is stimulated when human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells are released from quiescence. The alpha 5 subunit mRNA level in quiescent HT1080 cells was increased 24 hr after their release by 10% fetal bovine serum-containing medium reaching a maximum of 2.5 fold on day 2. Similar levels of induction of cell-surface alpha 5 subunit protein as well as beta 1 subunit protein were also observed. This resulted in a significant increase of cell attachment to fibronectin. The serum stimulation also increased alpha 5 subunit promoter activity by twofold which was protein synthesis independent. Subsequent deletion of alpha 5 subunit promoter DNA showed that the cis-element responsible for the activation is located between -92 bp and the transcription start site. The promoter activity was not induced until 12 hr after the release. Comparison of the effect of a serum-free medium and a 10% fetal bovine serum-supplemented medium revealed that both the DNA synthesis and alpha 5 subunit induction were independent of exogenous growth factors. The increased integrin alpha 5 beta 1 appears to function by reducing mitogenic activity since blockade of fibronectin binding to its receptor with a RGD peptide, a monoclonal anti-fibronectin antibody, or a monoclonal anti-alpha 5 subunit antibody during the release from quiescence significantly stimulated DNA synthesis. On the other hand, stable overexpression of the alpha 5 subunit resulted in decreased DNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43699-0008, USA
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Steinhoff G, Haverich A. Cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion molecules in human heart and lung transplants. Mol Cell Biochem 1995; 147:21-7. [PMID: 7494550 DOI: 10.1007/bf00944779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of immune cells with endothelial and target cells and extracellular matrix in human organ transplants is regulated by a number of receptor-ligand molecules. The molecules mediating intercellular adhesion and activation are classified as integrin, immunoglobulin and selectin families. In the present study the patterns of their cellular expression in human heart and lung transplants are described in normal state and during transplant rejection. The results reveal an organ specific regulation of the different adhesion molecules during transplant rejection. Specific differences were noted in the endothelial expression of vascular ligand molecules in the vascular segments of heart and lung transplants, especially in the lung capillaries. Cell type specific patterns of intercellular and cell-matrix adhesion molecules as their ligands were found in different states of graft rejection. Intravascular and interstitial differences in the expression patterns of leukocyte adhesion receptors support a concept of their stepwise function during graft infiltration. The implications for the organ specific appearance of inflammatory reactions in human heart and lung transplants as for immunosuppressive therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Steinhoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Germany
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42
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Hormia M, Könönen M. Immunolocalization of fibronectin and vitronectin receptors in human gingival fibroblasts spreading on titanium surfaces. J Periodontal Res 1994; 29:146-52. [PMID: 7512646 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1994.tb01103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion and spreading of human gingival fibroblasts on glass and differently processed titanium surfaces was studied by immunolocalization of vinculin and the alpha and beta subunits of the fibronectin (alpha 5 beta 1) and (alpha v beta 3) receptors. Vinculin-containing focal contacts were present both at 4 and 24 h of spreading in cells grown on glass or electropolished or etched titanium surfaces but not in cells spreading on sandblasted titanium surfaces. Immunostaining for the alpha 5 and beta 1 subunits of the fibronectin receptor showed only a diffuse membrane fluorescence after 4 h of cell spreading irrespective of the growth surface. The alpha v and beta 3 subunits of the vitronectin receptor were at this stage detected in focal contacts in cells spreading on glass or electropolished or etched titanium surfaces. In cells spreading on sandblasted titanium surfaces, however, the vitronectin receptor had only a diffuse distribution. In cells that had been allowed to spread for 24 h on glass or electropolished or etched titanium surfaces the alpha 5 and beta 1 integrin subunits were either diffusely distributed or showed a localization typical of extracellular matrix contacts. The alpha v and beta 3 integrin subunits were, as earlier, localized to typical focal contacts in cells grown on glass or electropolished or etched titanium surfaces. Cells attached to sandblasted titanium surfaces still expressed all the integrin subunits only diffusely. The results show that the surface texture of the substratum can affect the expression of integrin subunits in human gingival fibroblasts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hormia
- Department of Periodontology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Amadori M, Berneri C, Archetti IL. Immunogenicity of foot-and-mouth disease virus grown in BHK-21 suspension cells. Correlation with cell ploidy alterations and abnormal expression of the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin. Vaccine 1994; 12:159-66. [PMID: 7511862 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(94)90055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BHK-21 suspension cells were characterized with regard to genetic and phenotypic features which might adversely affect the immunogenic properties of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) grown therein. A positive correlation was found between number of passages in suspension culture and both prevalence of polyploid cells and reduced cell growth on surfaces. Suspension cells also revealed differences in the expression of RGD-specific integrins and, in particular, of alpha 5 beta 1, which was shown to work as an FMDV receptor structure. These features, along with the notable instability of a few non-structural FMDV A5 proteins in infected cells, outline a new scenario, in which the reduced immunogenicity of FMDV might be accounted for by defined negative influences of the cell environment on viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amadori
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia, Department of Vaccine Research and Development, Brescia, Italy
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Ryan MP, Higgins PJ. Control of p52(PAI-1) gene expression in normal and transformed rat kidney cells: relationship between p52(PAI-1) induction and actin cytoarchitecture. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1994; 358:215-30. [PMID: 7801807 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-2578-3_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M P Ryan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Albany Medical College, New York 12208
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