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Du M, Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang L, Cao Z, Zhang C, Hao Y, He H. Effects of IL-1β on MMP-9 Expression in Cementoblast-Derived Cell Line and MMP-Mediated Degradation of Type I Collagen. Inflammation 2019; 42:413-425. [PMID: 30613914 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-00951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are induced by many cytokines, and they are involved in various inflammatory processes, including periodontitis. However, the effects of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on MMP-9 expression in cementoblasts, the cells responsible for cementum production, remain largely unknown. In this study, we used qPCR and gelatin zymogram analysis to show that IL-1β upregulated MMP-9 expression in cementoblast-derived cell line. Several signaling pathways, such as ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and AP-1 (c-Fos and ATF-2), were activated in response to IL-1β stimulation. Furthermore, enhancement of AP-1 activity by IL-1β was further confirmed by the AP-1 reporter assay and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Pretreatment with specific inhibitors of ERK1/2 (U0126), JNK (SP600125), and AP-1 (tanshinone IIA) attenuated IL-1β-induced MMP-9 expression. In addition, inhibitors of ERK1/2 (U0126) and JNK (SP600125) attenuated IL-1β-enhanced AP-1 activity. This suggested that IL-1β stimulated AP-1 activation, at least partially, through ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways. Moreover, we found that IL-1β also upregulated the expression of MMP-13 and enhanced MMP-mediated degradation of type I collagen. Collectively, these results suggested that IL-1β induced MMP-9 expression by activation of AP-1 through the ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathways in cementoblast-derived cell line and enhanced MMP-mediated collagen degradation possibly by MMP-13 and MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Du
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Leilei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunru Hao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237#, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Havanapan PO, Thongboonkerd V. Are protease inhibitors required for gel-based proteomics of kidney and urine? J Proteome Res 2009; 8:3109-17. [PMID: 19354301 DOI: 10.1021/pr900015q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis is one of the major problems in collection and storage of biological samples for proteome analysis, particularly when the samples undergo freeze-thaw cycles. The use of protease inhibitors for prevention of such proteolysis in some samples is debated because protease inhibitors may interfere with proteome analysis and whether protease inhibitors are useful for renal and urinary proteomics remains unclear. We therefore performed a systematic evaluation of the use of protease inhibitors in gel-based renal and urinary proteomics. Renal proteins were extracted from porcine kidney tissue and stored at -30 or -70 degrees C without protease inhibitors. After 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 freeze-thaw cycles, the 2-D proteome profile was examined. Differential spot analysis and ANOVA with Tukey posthoc multiple comparisons revealed significantly quantitative changes in intensity levels of 12 and 7 renal proteins that were stored at -30 and -70 degrees C, respectively, after >or=4 freeze-thaw cycles. Additionally, there were qualitative changes (vertical elongation or streak) in 6 and 1 renal proteins that were stored at -30 and -70 degrees C, respectively. All these changes could be successfully prevented by the addition of 1% (v/v) protease inhibitors cocktail prior to storage. In contrast, neither quantitative nor qualitative changes were observed in urine samples that were stored without protease inhibitors and processed as for kidney samples. From these data, the addition of protease inhibitors is highly recommended for gel-based renal proteomics, but no longer recommended for gel-based urinary proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phattara-Orn Havanapan
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Birkedal‐Hansen H, Yamada S, Windsor J, Pollard AH, Lyons G, Stetler‐Stevenson W, Birkedal‐Hansen B. Matrix Metalloproteinases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 10:Unit 10.8. [DOI: 10.1002/0471143030.cb1008s40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Yamada
- National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - Jack Windsor
- University of Indiana School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana
| | | | - Guy Lyons
- Kanematsu Laboratories, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney Australia
| | - William Stetler‐Stevenson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
| | - Bente Birkedal‐Hansen
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland
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Birkedal-Hansen H, Yamada S, Windsor J, Poulsen AH, Lyons G, Stetler-Stevenson W, Birkedal-Hansen B. Matrix metalloproteinases. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CELL BIOLOGY 2008; Chapter 10:Unit 10.8. [PMID: 18228416 DOI: 10.1002/0471143030.cb1008s17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases are a class of enzymes that play an important role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix in development and cancer metastasis. This unit describes a set of methods-cell-mediated dissolution of type I collagen fibrils, direct and reverse zymography, enzyme capture based on a-2 macroglubulin and TIMP-1 and -2, and demonstration of crytic thiol groups in metalloproteinase precursors-that are used to characterize the functions of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Birkedal-Hansen
- National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Rubin C, Sun YQ, Hadjiargyrou M, McLeod K. Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in osteocytes precedes bone resorption as stimulated by disuse: evidence for autoregulation of the cell's mechanical environment? J Orthop Res 1999; 17:354-61. [PMID: 10376723 DOI: 10.1002/jor.1100170309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An in vivo animal model of bone adaptation was used to examine a possible role for matrix metalloproteinase-1 in the local mediation of bone remodeling: to corrode the coupling of osteocytes to the matrix in an attempt to autoregulate the cell's perception of its mechanical environment. Twelve young (12-16 months old) skeletally mature turkeys were separated into groups to be studied for stimulus periods of either 3 or 30 days. In each animal, the left ulna was functionally isolated and subjected to either disuse or 3,000 microstrain at 1 Hz for 10 minutes per day. The right ulna remained intact and served as an intra-animal control. No significant differences in bone area were detected at 3 days; however, ulnae subjected to disuse lost 8 +/- 4% (+/-SD) of bone area by 30 days. Over the same period, ulnae subjected to the mechanical stimulus gained 21 +/- 9% of bone area. With use of in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, less than 2% of the osteocytes examined from the intact control ulnae stained positively for matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA. An antibody raised against matrix metalloproteinase-1 revealed no positively labeled osteocytes in the intact ulnae. This low percentage of osteocytes expressing matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA was similar to that seen in ulnae subjected to the osteogenic mechanical stimuli. In contrast, ulnae subjected to either 3 or 30 days of disuse showed evidence of matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA activity in a high percentage of osteocytes (89 +/- 5 and 66 +/- 8%, respectively; each time point significantly different from intact ulnae, as well as from each other, p < 0.05). The percentage of osteocytes labeled with the anti-matrix metalloproteinase-1 antibody was also highly elevated following 3 days of disuse (74 +/- 17%). These data demonstrate that an early response of bone to disuse is the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 activity in osteocytes. It is proposed that this upregulation of collagenase activity is indicative of the cell's degradation of coupling to the matrix, and it thus reflects the osteocyte's regulation of its own mechanical environment. We believe that such autoregulation of the osteocyte's physical environment will accommodate subtle changes in the bone's functional environment without the need to add or resorb bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rubin
- Musculo-Skeletal Research Laboratory, Program in Biomedical Engineering, Health Sciences Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794-8181, USA.
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Mäkelä M, Salo T, Larjava H. MMP-9 from TNF alpha-stimulated keratinocytes binds to cell membranes and type I collagen: a cause for extended matrix degradation in inflammation? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 253:325-35. [PMID: 9878537 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.9641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Activated keratinocytes synthesize increased amounts of matrix metalloproteinases during inflammation. Incubation of mucosal keratinocytes with TNFalpha (24 h) increased their expression of MMP-9 mRNA, which was followed by the corresponding increase in the expression of MMP-9 protein. This stimulation was dose dependent and continued for several days after the initial exposure to TNFalpha. In contrast, the expression of MMP-2 was not influenced by TNFalpha. IFNgamma caused a significant dose-dependent inhibition in the TNFalpha-stimulated expression of MMP-9. TNFalpha did not markedly influence keratinocyte growth, while INFgamma potently inhibited cell growth. Cytokine-stimulated keratinocytes secreted most MMP-2 and MMP-9 extracellularly into the culture medium, but MMP-9 was also found in the membrane extract of keratinocytes. Furthermore, wild-type and recombinant MMP-9 were bound to noncollageneous and nonintegrin components of the mucosal keratinocyte cell surface. MMP-9 was not, however, found in the extracellular matrix deposited by the keratinocytes in culture. Type I and IV collagens and gelatin but no other purified extracellular matrix nor basement membrane proteins (types I and IV collagen, laminin-1 and -5, fibronectin) were able to bind MMP-9 from the conditioned medium. Binding of MMP-9 from keratinocyte conditioned medium was demonstrated along the collagen fibers using immunoelectron microscopy. These phenomena may participate in extended matrix degradation in chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mäkelä
- Department of Periodontology, University of Turku, Finland.
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DeCarlo AA, Grenett HE, Harber GJ, Windsor LJ, Bodden MK, Birkedal-Hansen B, Birkedal-Hansen H. Induction of matrix metalloproteinases and a collagen-degrading phenotype in fibroblasts and epithelial cells by secreted Porphyromonas gingivalis proteinase. J Periodontal Res 1998; 33:408-20. [PMID: 9842506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1998.tb02337.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by advancement of a narrow band of epithelium (1-10 cells wide) through the collagenous periodontal ligament in response to bacterial accumulation and infection. A modulating role by epithelial cells in the progression of periodontitis was hypothesized due to the close proximity of the advancing epithelium to both the etiological bacteria and to the collagen fibers of the ligament. We demonstrate that rat mucosal epithelial cells and human fibroblasts are similarly stimulated to degrade a collagen type I cellular substrate by thiol-dependent activity released by the major periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. A purified, extracellular bacterial thiol-proteinase from P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 stimulated mucosal epithelial cells to upregulate expression of collagenase and stromelysin, and to degrade a collagen type I fibril matrix. Stimulation of the epithelial cells with this purified proteinase was associated with morphological changes in the cells and with accumulation of secreted latent procollagenase throughout the culture medium. Release of active collagenase was minimal and collagen degradation by the epithelial cells was discreet and localized subcellularly suggesting the possibility that activation of secreted procollagenase was cell-associated. We conclude that a collagen-degrading phenotype can be stimulated in relatively quiescent mucosal epithelial cells and fibroblasts by the presence of bacterial proteinase. These experiments suggest roles for the P. gingivalis thiol-proteinase and the epithelial cell in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and demonstrate the potential for dysregulation of extracellular matrix remodeling events during healing of other bacterially infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A DeCarlo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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Rubinstein I, Gao XP, Pakhlevaniants S, Oda D. Smokeless tobacco-exposed oral keratinocytes increase macromolecular efflux from the in situ oral mucosa. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 274:R104-11. [PMID: 9458905 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1998.274.1.r104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether supernatants of cultured human oral keratinocytes (HOK) exposed to an aqueous extract of smokeless tobacco (STE) increase macromolecular efflux from the oral mucosa in vivo and, if so, whether bradykinin mediates in part this response. Subconfluent monolayers of HOK were incubated with STE or media, and supernatants were collected 24, 48, and 72 h thereafter. Using intravital microscopy, we found that suffusion of supernatants of STE- but not media-exposed HOK elicited significant concentration- and time-dependent increases in efflux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (mol mass 70 kDa) from the in situ hamster cheek pouch (P < 0.05). These effects were significantly attenuated by HOE-140 and NPC-17647 but not by des-Arg9, [Leu8]-bradykinin. Proteolytic activity was increased in supernatants of STE- but not media-exposed HOK. However, a mixture of leupeptin, Bestatin, and DL-2-mercaptomethyl-3-guanidinoethylthiopropanoic acid had no significant effects on HOK supernatant-induced responses. Collectively, these data suggest that oral keratinocytes modulate smokeless tobacco-induced increase in macromolecular efflux from the in situ oral mucosa in part by elaborating proteases that may account for local bradykinin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rubinstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
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9
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Weckroth M, Vaheri A, Lauharanta J, Sorsa T, Konttinen YT. Matrix metalloproteinases, gelatinase and collagenase, in chronic leg ulcers. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 106:1119-24. [PMID: 8618050 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12340167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although extracellular proteolysis is a prerequisite for normal wound healing, uncontrolled proteolytic tissue destruction appears to be a pathogenic factor in non-healing wounds. The aim of our study was to compare the activities of the serine proteinases of polymorphonuclear origin, elastase and cathepsin G, and the metalloproteinases, gelatinase and collagenase, in chronic leg ulcer exudate (10 patients) and acute wound fluid (6 patients). Serine proteinase activities were low in leg ulcer exudates but very high in some but not all acute wound fluids. Total collagenase activity, measured as activity against type I collagen monitored by SDS-PAGE and densitometry, was higher in chronic leg ulcer exudate than in acute wound fluid and its degree of autoactivation was relatively high. Doxycycline inhibition studies suggested that the collagenase activity in chronic leg ulcer exudate was MMP-1 ("fibroblast-type") and not MMP-8 ("neutrophil-type"). Zymographic analysis of the gelatinolytic enzymes in acute wound fluid showed a progressive increase from the day of operation to postoperative day 5, but the degree of activity was lower than in chronic leg ulcer exudate and the low molecular mass activation products were faint. The leg ulcer gelatinase profiles were characterized by high expression of 92/82- and 72/62-kDa duplex bands and by the presence of low molecular mass activation products. Leg ulcer collagenase seems to be derived from mononuclear rather than polymorphonuclear cells, which are known to be involved in acute wound healing. In conclusion, the present study shows that gelatinase and collagenase, but not elastase and cathepsin G are found in chronic leg ulcer exudate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weckroth
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Finland
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Garlick JA, Parks WC, Welgus HG, Taichman LB. Re-epithelialization of human oral keratinocytes in vitro. J Dent Res 1996; 75:912-8. [PMID: 8675802 DOI: 10.1177/00220345960750030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Re-epithelialization involves interactions between keratinocytes and the extracellular matrix upon which these cells move. It is hypothesized that keratinocytes are activated when wounded, and the resultant phenotypic change directs re-epithelialization. We have adapted organotypic cultures, in which oral gingival keratinocytes are fully differentiated, to study re-epithelialization following wounding. To elucidate keratinocyte behavior and phenotype during re-epithelialization, we have investigated this process in the presence and absence of the growth factor TGF-beta 1 and have monitored expression of MMP-1 (Type I collagenase) mRNA by in situ hybridization. In addition, we have followed proliferation and migration of wound keratinocytes by genetically marking these cells with a retroviral vector and by measuring their proliferative index. We found that keratinocytes grown without TGF-beta 1 were hyperproliferative in response to wounding, and re-epithelialization was complete by 24 h. However, 2.5 ng/mL TGF-beta 1 induced a transient delay in re-epithelialization, a reduction in proliferation, and fewer clusters of genetically marked cells. Keratinocytes expressed MMP-1 mRNA only when they covered the wounded surface, suggesting that the cells acquire a collagenolytic phenotype during re-epithelialization and that contact with different ECM components may modulate keratinocyte expression of MMP-1. We conclude that the phenotype of oral keratinocytes is altered during re-epithelialization in vitro and that this process is modulated by TGF-beta 1. Re-epithelialization occurs as keratinocytes are activated to move over the wound bed. Understanding the phenotype of wounded keratinocytes may facilitate treatment of chronic oral wounds and periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Garlick
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook 11794-8702, USA
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López JM, Valderrama R, Navarro S, Imperial S. Aprotinin inhibits unspecific degradation of collagen in rat and human pancreas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PANCREATOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PANCREATOLOGY 1996; 19:55-60. [PMID: 8656028 DOI: 10.1007/bf02788376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Addition of aprotinin in human and rat pancreatic extracts inactivates nonspecific proteases that completely degrade collagen. BACKGROUND We sought to clarify the relative roles of collagenase and nonspecific proteases in the breakdown of collagen by the pancreas. METHODS The degradation of [3H] collagen fibrils by pancreatic extracts to small fragments of low molecular weight was determined by SDS-electrophoresis and autoradiography. Aprotinin (0.14 mg/mL) was added to inhibit nonspecific protease activity. RESULTS Rat and human pancreas extracts contained a high collagenolytic activity that was demonstrated to be the result of the combined action of collagenase and other pancreatic proteases. Seventy percent of the total collagenolytic activity in rat pancreas extracts was inhibited by aprotinin. The same aprotinin concentration had no effect on two commercially available collagenases. The electrophoretic pattern obtained from [3H] collagen treated with rat and human pancreatic extracts containing aprotinin confirmed the presence of a true specific collagenase in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M López
- Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Clínic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain
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van Wyk CW, Olivier A, Hoal-van Helden EG, Grobler-Rabie AF. Growth of oral and skin fibroblasts from patients with oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 1995; 24:349-53. [PMID: 7500290 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1995.tb01198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the investigation was to evaluate and compare the proliferation (growth) of mouth fibroblasts and skin fibroblasts from patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Material comprised fibroblasts from fibrous bands situated in the buccal mucosa and from the inner aspect of the forearm of 8 patients with classic features of OSF as well as fibroblasts from 6 buccal mucosa and 8 skin biopsy specimens from healthy non-areca nut chewing individuals. Cells were cultured for 8 days according to standard techniques. Their growth was monitored daily, under optimal conditions as well as exposure to concentrations of arecoline. The data were analyzed using regression analysis, analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test. We found no statistically significant differences between the proliferation patterns of oral and skin fibroblasts from patients or between those from patients and controls. The reaction of the cells exposed to concentrations of arecoline was similar; at low concentrations (0.1-10 micrograms/ml) normal growth was maintained, while 100 micrograms/ml inhibited growth. It is concluded that fibroblasts from mouths affected by OSF have proliferation patterns which fall within normal parameters, that the excessive collagen formation in established OSF is not due to increased fibroblast proliferation and that arecoline does not stimulate fibroblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W van Wyk
- Oral and Dental Research Institute, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Uitto VJ, Firth JD, Nip L, Golub LM. Doxycycline and chemically modified tetracyclines inhibit gelatinase A (MMP-2) gene expression in human skin keratinocytes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994; 732:140-51. [PMID: 7978787 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb24731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of tetracycline-induced inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) was studied by measuring the MMP secretion and MMP-2 mRNA levels in unkeratinizing periodontal ligament epithelial cells and skin keratinocytes cultured in the presence of doxycycline or chemically modified tetracyclines (CMT) lacking antimicrobial activity. Doxycycline, CMT-1, and CMT-8 exerted a direct dose-dependent inhibition of porcine periodontal ligament epithelial cell medium MMP activity as assayed by gelatin enzymography. Both the 92-kDa (MMP-9) and 72-kDa (MMP-2) gelatinases were inhibited by the tetracyclines added to the conditioned medium. Culturing the cells in the presence of the tetracyclines required considerably smaller concentrations to reduce the secreted MMP activity. The drugs were not toxic to the epithelial cells at concentrations from 4 to 250 micrograms/mL up to 24 h of culture. Tetracycline effects on the MMP-2 mRNA levels were studied in human skin keratinocytes using Northern hybridization analysis with a specific cDNA probe. A marked inhibition in the MMP-2 gene expression was observed by 6 h with 5 micrograms/mL of doxycycline, CMT-1 or CMT-8. Doxycycline inhibition was somewhat stronger than the two other tetracyclines. After 24 h of culture with 50 micrograms/mL of the drugs, the total RNA levels also decreased by 33 to 40%. The 72-kDa gelatinase activity in culture medium of the keratinocytes followed roughly the pattern of inhibition of the gene expression. We conclude that doxycycline and the chemically modified tetracyclines, in addition to inhibiting the MMP activity may also reduce the enzyme expression at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Uitto
- Department of Oral Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Meikle MC, Hembry RM, Holley J, Horton C, McFarlane CG, Reynolds JJ. Immunolocalization of matrix metalloproteinases and TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases) in human gingival tissues from periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res 1994; 29:118-26. [PMID: 8158500 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1994.tb01100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) collagenase, gelatinase A (72 kDa gelatinase), stromelysin, and their specific inhibitor TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases), were immunolocalized using specific polyclonal antisera in gingival tissues from 21 patients with chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. Monoclonal antibodies against macrophages (Leu-M5), B cells (Leu-14), helper T cells (OKT4), suppressor T cells (OKT8) and the HLA-DR epitope were also used to identify leukocyte subsets. MMPs were observed in connective tissues at sites that histologically showed signs of remodelling. The number and distribution of positive cells varied widely, however, not only between individual biopsy specimens, but also within the same specimen. The same was true for the composition and distribution of the inflammatory cell infiltrate. Moreover, although there was a positive correlation between the number of MMP-producing cells and the severity of inflammation in some specimens, for others with comparable leukocyte subset scoring the number was reduced and sometimes absent altogether. Cells secreting MMPs were fibroblasts, macrophages and epithelial cells. It was not possible to determine unequivocally whether a MMP-positive cell within the connective tissue was a fibroblast or a macrophage, since the antisera recognise both fibroblast and macrophage MMPs and the different fixation requirements for MMPs (4% paraformaldehyde) and Leu-M5 (acetone) precluded co-localization on the same section. TIMP-1 was immunolocalized within connective tissue cells at sites of tissue remodelling. Our results support the hypothesis that tissue-derived MMPs may be involved in tissue remodelling in periodontal disease and conclusively demonstrate that epithelial cells may be involved as well as connective tissue cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Meikle
- Department of Orthodontics, University of London, England
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Lyons J, Birkedal-Hansen B, Pierson M, Whitelock J, Birkedal-Hansen H. Interleukin-1 beta and transforming growth factor-alpha/epidermal growth factor induce expression of M(r) 95,000 type IV collagenase/gelatinase and interstitial fibroblast-type collagenase by rat mucosal keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)46745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
The effects of tetracyclines on periodontal epithelial cells were investigated by culturing cells from porcine rests of Malassez in the presence of oxytetracycline, doxycycline or one of two analogues of tetracycline bearing no antimicrobial activity. Matrix metalloproteinase activity produced by the epithelial cells was assayed by quantitation of radioactive gelatin degradation and by gelatin enzymography. The results show that all tested tetracyclines exerted a direct dose-dependent inhibitory effect on epithelial cell gelatinases. Furthermore, epithelial cells cultured with doxycycline, oxytetracycline and de-dimethylaminotetracycline in concentrations ranging from 1 to 50 micrograms/ml showed a marked reduction in secreted gelatinase activity when grown in alpha minimum essential medium in the absence of fetal calf serum. Viability of cells following this treatment, measured as lactate dehydrogenase activity released to the cell media, was not affected by the presence of any of these drugs at the concentrations used. Scanning electron microscopy revealed striking morphologic changes of the cells following treatment with tetracyclines in the absence of serum which include rounding, decreased intracellular contacts and increased intercellular spaces. No such effects were seen in cells cultured in the presence of serum. These results provide evidence that periodontal epithelial cells produce matrix metalloproteinases whose activities are inhibited by tetracyclines and their non-antimicrobial analogues at concentrations present in gingival crevicular fluid following tetracycline therapy. When used as adjuncts in periodontal therapy, tetracyclines may therefore inhibit epithelial cell mediated degradation of basement membrane and subepithelial connective tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Nip
- Department of Oral Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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17
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Chamberlain SH, Hemmer RM, Brinckerhoff CE. Novel phorbol ester response region in the collagenase promoter binds Fos and Jun. J Cell Biochem 1993; 52:337-51. [PMID: 8366145 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240520310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In rabbit fibroblasts the AP-1 sequence (5'-ATGAGTCAC-3') is necessary but not sufficient for induction of collagenase transcription by phorbol esters (PMA) (Auble and Brinckerhoff: Biochemistry 30(18):4629-4635, 1991). In this study we identified additional sequences involved in PMA-induced transcription. Using fibroblasts transiently transfected with chimeric constructs containing fragments of the rabbit collagenase 5'-flanking DNA linked to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene, we found that deletion of nucleotides -182 to -141 in a 380 bp promoter construct resulted in about a 7-fold loss of induction by PMA. Mobility shift assays revealed that nuclear proteins from fibroblasts specifically bound to 20-bp at -182 to -161. Binding was competed completely by self and only partially by the AP-1 sequence, implying that proteins binding to the AP-1 sequence could also bind to this region. In vitro transcribed and translated c-Fos and c-Jun bound to both the AP-1 site and to the sequences from -182 to -141. DNAase I footprinting of the collagenase promoter with purified c-Jun or c-Fos/c-Jun protected the AP-1 sequence at -77 to -69 in addition to a region from -189 to -178 which overlaps a putative AP-1-like site, 5'-ATTAATCAT-3'. Finally, deletion of the -182 to -161 region in a 380-bp CAT construct resulted in a substantial reduction of PMA responsiveness. Thus, we have identified a novel phorbol-responsive region that binds c-Fos and c-Jun, and we suggest that these or similar proteins may regulate transcription of the collagenase gene by binding to sequences within and adjacent to the -182 to -161 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chamberlain
- Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-3844
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18
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Birkedal-Hansen H, Moore WG, Bodden MK, Windsor LJ, Birkedal-Hansen B, DeCarlo A, Engler JA. Matrix metalloproteinases: a review. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 1993; 4:197-250. [PMID: 8435466 DOI: 10.1177/10454411930040020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2128] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of nine or more highly homologous Zn(++)-endopeptidases that collectively cleave most if not all of the constituents of the extracellular matrix. The present review discusses in detail the primary structures and the overlapping yet distinct substrate specificities of MMPs as well as the mode of activation of the unique MMP precursors. The regulation of MMP activity at the transcriptional level and at the extracellular level (precursor activation, inhibition of activated, mature enzymes) is also discussed. A final segment of the review details the current knowledge of the involvement of MMP in specific developmental or pathological conditions, including human periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Birkedal-Hansen
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Alabama School of Dentistry, Birmingham 35294
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19
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van der Stappen JW, Hendriks T, de Man BM. Collagenases from human and rat skin fibroblasts purified on a zinc chelating column reveal marked differences in latency as a result of serum culture conditions. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 24:725-35. [PMID: 1317305 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(92)90006-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. Fibroblasts from both human and rat skin were grown in the presence or absence of serum and the collagenase activity in the medium was partially purified on zinc-Sepharose. 2. During chromatography, using a discontinuous elution gradient, the rat collagenase elutes at different pH and ionic strength than the human collagenase. Both latent and active collagenases of both species are retarded by the affinity matrix. 3. Latency of collagenase in media obtained from fibroblast cultures appears to be influenced by the presence of a serum component in the culture medium. 4. The results demonstrate that collagenases secreted by fibroblast cultures established from the same tissue but obtained from different species are biochemically diverse and that, within one species, the amount of active enzyme depends on the presence of a serum factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W van der Stappen
- Department of General Surgery, St Radboud University Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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20
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Schwartz MA, Van Wart HE. Synthetic inhibitors of bacterial and mammalian interstitial collagenases. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 1992; 29:271-334. [PMID: 1475372 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(08)70011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306
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21
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Overall CM, Sodek J, McCulloch CA, Birek P. Evidence for polymorphonuclear leukocyte collagenase and 92-kilodalton gelatinase in gingival crevicular fluid. Infect Immun 1991; 59:4687-92. [PMID: 1657787 PMCID: PMC259099 DOI: 10.1128/iai.59.12.4687-4692.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of inflammatory exudate collected from sites of experimental periodontitis in cynomolgus monkeys has revealed the presence of collagenase and a 92-kDa gelatinase that comigrated after electrophoresis with the 92-kDa gelatinase released from polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Since neutralizing antibodies to fibroblast collagenase had no effect on the collagenase activity and bacterial collagenases could not be detected, polymorphonuclear leukocytes appear to be the major source of collagenolytic proteinases in inflammatory fluid from gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Overall
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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22
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Malone JD, Richards M, Jeffrey JJ. Recruitment of peripheral mononuclear cells by mammalian collagenase digests of type I collagen. MATRIX (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 1991; 11:289-95. [PMID: 1656175 DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8832(11)80237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Type I collagen is highly susceptible to proteolytic cleavage by neutral mammalian collagenase. Following an initial site specific cleavage of the substrate, two characteristic products are generated, TCA and TCB. These two products then spontaneously denature and are degraded into multiple smaller molecular weight peptides. We prepared TCA and TCB from native type I collagen by the action of rat uterine fibroblast neutral collagenase. In addition we prepared denatured type I alpha chains and exposed them to the action of collagenase under controlled conditions in order to generate small molecular weight peptides. We then examined intact type I collagen, TCA and TCB and type I gelatin peptides for chemotactic activity in a Boyden chamber assay using both human peripheral monocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes as target cells. Intact type I collagen, while chemotactic for neutrophils, failed to elicit any chemotactic response in mononuclear cells. In addition, the results demonstrate an absence of any detectable chemotactic activity for either TCA or TCB when human peripheral monocytes were used as the target cells. However, type I collagen peptides demonstrated chemotactic activity for peripheral monocytes. Maximum cell migration was found with digests which had been exposed to neutral mammalian collagenase for three to four hours. No chemotactic activity was found using the same peptides, when neutrophils were used as the target cells. The data strongly suggest that chemotactic activity for mononuclear cells, normally suppressed in intact type I collagen, is revealed and/or activated by neutral collagenase digestion. Conversely, chemotactic activity for neutrophils is lost when intact type I collagen is digested into smaller molecular weight fragments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Malone
- Department of Medicine, St. Louis University, MO
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23
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Salo T, Lyons J, Rahemtulla F, Birkedal-Hansen H, Larjava H. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 up-regulates type IV collagenase expression in cultured human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98977-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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24
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Netzel-Arnett S, Fields GB, Birkedal-Hansen H, Van Wart HE, Fields G. Sequence specificities of human fibroblast and neutrophil collagenases. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(20)89563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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25
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Salonen J, Uitto VJ, Pan YM, Oda D. Proliferating oral epithelial cells in culture are capable of both extracellular and intracellular degradation of interstitial collagen. MATRIX (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 1991; 11:43-55. [PMID: 1709253 DOI: 10.1016/s0934-8832(11)80226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The potential of epithelial cells to degrade interstitial collagen was studied by culturing human masticatory mucosa on decalcified dentin matrix. Morphological changes were observed in the underlying collagen substratum and in the connective tissue of the explant. Degradation of the substratum was initiated two days after the first contact with epithelial cells exhibiting basal cell markers. Electron microscopic studies confirmed extensive collagen degradation in the vicinity of these cells. No collagen degradation was observed underneath the connective tissue portion of the explant. Experiments in which the explant was partially separated from the underlying substratum by a filter further showed that connective tissue was apparently not involved in the collagen degradation by the epithelial cells. Lysis of connective tissue of the explant was observed in association with epithelial cells that showed a disrupted basal lamina and release of vesicular material from the exposed cell membrane. Collagen fibers were visible inside some epithelial cells suggesting intracellular collagenolysis. Primary cultures of human gingival epithelial cells and porcine periodontal ligament epithelial cells (epithelial cell rests of Malassez) that expressed similar basal cell cytokeratins as the active cells of the mucosal explants secreted collagenase, gelatinase and TIMP to the culture medium. They also contained acid collagenolytic proteinases. When cultured on a porous polycarbonate membrane the epithelial cells secreted collagenolytic enzymes from the pores at cell membrane sites lacking basal lamina. These results provide evidence that proliferating basal epithelial cells have a strong capacity for collagen degradation. It seems that the absence of basement membrane is the signal for these cells to secrete matrix degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Salonen
- MRC Group in Periodontal Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Mookhtiar KA, Van Wart HE. Purification to homogeneity of latent and active 58-kilodalton forms of human neutrophil collagenase. Biochemistry 1990; 29:10620-7. [PMID: 2176875 DOI: 10.1021/bi00499a007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Latent and active 58-kDa forms of human neutrophil collagenase (HNC) have been purified to homogeneity. Buffy coats were extracted in the presence and absence of phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride to generate crude starting preparations that contained latent and active HNC, respectively. The buffers used in preparing these extracts and for all subsequent chromatographic steps contained NaCl at a concentration of 0.5 M or greater, 0.05% Brij-35, concentrations of CaCl2 of 5 mM or greater, and (when feasible) 50 microM ZnSO4 to stabilize the HNC. The collagenase activity in the buffy coat extracts was adsorbed to a Reactive Red 120-agarose column at pH 7.5 in 0.5 M NaCl and was eluted when the NaCl concentration was increased to 1 M. The active and p-(chloromercuri)benzoate-activated latent enzymes were next adsorbed to a Sepharose-CH-Pro-Leu-Gly-NHOH affinity resin in 1 M NaCl at pH 7.5 and desorbed at pH 9 to give a fraction containing only HNC and a small amount of neutrophil gelatinase. The latter enzyme was removed by passage over a gelatin-Sepharose column in 1 M NaCl at pH 7.5. The purified samples of active and latent HNC were obtained with typical cumulative yields of 32 and 82% and specific activities toward soluble rat type I collagen at 30 degrees C of 7200 and 12,000 micrograms min-1 mg-1, respectively. These specific activities are markedly higher than previously reported for HNC. Both active and latent HNC exhibit a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis both in the presence and in the absence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The mobility of latent HNC is consistent with a molecular weight of approximately 58K, with the active form exhibiting a slightly lower (less than 1-2K) molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Mookhtiar
- Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306
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27
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Uitto VJ, Suomalainen K, Sorsa T. Salivary collagenase. Origin, characteristics and relationship to periodontal health. J Periodontal Res 1990; 25:135-42. [PMID: 2163444 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1990.tb01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Saliva collected from subjects with healthy and with diseased periodontium was assayed for collagenase activity by incubation at 25 degrees C with soluble type I, II or III collagen. The degradation products were analyzed by separation in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed either by protein staining or by exposure of the dried gel to X-ray film in the case of radioactively labeled type I collagen. Collagenase of vertebrate type was detected in the whole saliva of all subjects but not in parotid, sublingual or submandibular fluids. Most of the collagenase was in the soluble fraction of saliva that also contained factors which both activated and inhibited the enzyme. The salivary collagenase resembled the collagenase of human PMNs and gingival sulcular fluid in its molecular size of 70,000 daltons, in its activation by gold thioglucose and in its tendency to degrade types I and II collagens over type III collagen. Before periodontal treatment, the saliva of periodontitis patients had significantly higher collagenase than after treatment. In periodontitis, collagenase existed mainly in the active form, while in the healthy mouths most of the enzyme was latent but could be activated by sulfhydryl reagents or proteolytically with trypsin, and chymotrypsin but not by human plasma kallikrein or plasmin. In some of the samples from untreated periodontitis patients bacterial collagenase may have been present in small quantities. Most of the collagenase in the saliva from all subjects appeared to originate from PMNs entering the oral cavity through the gingival sulcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V J Uitto
- Department of Oral Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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28
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Bailly C, Drèze S, Asselineau D, Nusgens B, Lapière CM, Darmon M. Retinoic acid inhibits the production of collagenase by human epidermal keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 1990; 94:47-51. [PMID: 2153179 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12873342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lattices made of collagen and fibroblasts can be used as dermal equivalents to grow human keratinocytes in vitro. When these cultures are performed in a medium containing delipidized serum, the lattice is eventually degraded by the growing epithelium. The digestion of the dermal equivalent is due to the secretion of a collagenase by the keratinocytes. This degradation does not occur in cultures containing total serum or supplemented with retinoic acid. We show in this paper that retinoic acid inhibits the secretion of this keratinocyte collagenase in a dose-dependent manner. In the light of this result, the possible involvement of collagenase inhibition in the therapeutic effect of retinoic acid in skin disorders and skin aging must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bailly
- Cell Biology Department, Centre International de Recherches Dermatologiques (CIRD), Sophia Antipolis, France
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29
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Nethery A, O'Grady RL. Identification, partial purification and characterization of high-molecular-weight gelatin-degrading metalloproteinases produced by a rat mammary carcinoma cell line. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1989; 993:42-7. [PMID: 2553121 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(89)90140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BC1 rat mammary carcinoma cells were found to secrete a unique profile of metalloproteinases, distinguished by two gelatin-degrading metalloproteinases of Mr greater than 220.10(3) and Mr much greater than 220.10(3). These enzymes were each partially purified by gel-filtration chromatography, and inhibitor studies showed them to be metalloproteinases. Under conditions where denatured collagen types I, II, and V were completely degraded, native collagen types I, II, IV and V, fibronectin, fibrinogen, C1q, casein, and denatured transferrin were not degraded significantly by these enzymes. The relationship of these enzymes to other extracellular matrix-degrading metalloproteinases and their possible significance in tumour invasion and metastasis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nethery
- Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Australia
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30
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Petersen MJ, Woodley DT, Stricklin GP, O'Keefe EJ. Constitutive production of procollagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases by human keratinocytes in culture. J Invest Dermatol 1989; 92:156-9. [PMID: 2465348 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12276678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Production of procollagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases was demonstrated in human keratinocyte cultures. The two proteins were immunoprecipitated from keratinocyte-conditioned medium with antibodies to human dermal fibroblast collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and quantitated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Treatment of the keratinocytes with the phorbol ester, 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, produced a six to 34-fold increase in procollagenase synthesis and secretion but only a threefold increase in the production of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases. Collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases mRNAs were present in normal keratinocytes, were the same size as their fibroblast counterparts, and both increased in response to treatment with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. These data suggest that remodeling of type I collagen may be an important function of human keratinocytes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Petersen
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27514
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31
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LIN HY, BIRKEDAL-HANSEN B, BIRKEDAL-HANSEN H. Role of TPA-Inducible Keratinocyte Collagenase in Extracellular Collagen Breakdown. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1988. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb18822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Sorsa T, Uitto VJ, Suomalainen K, Vauhkonen M, Lindy S. Comparison of interstitial collagenases from human gingiva, sulcular fluid and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. J Periodontal Res 1988; 23:386-93. [PMID: 2851042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1988.tb01618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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33
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Drouin L, Overall CM, Sodek J. Identification of matrix metalloendoproteinase inhibitor (TIMP) in human parotid and submandibular saliva: partial purification and characterization. J Periodontal Res 1988; 23:370-7. [PMID: 2851041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.1988.tb01615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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Birkedal-Hansen H. From tadpole collagenase to a family of matrix metalloproteinases. JOURNAL OF ORAL PATHOLOGY 1988; 17:445-51. [PMID: 2854847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1988.tb01313.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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35
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Oono T, Arata J. Characteristics of prolidase and prolinase in prolidase-deficient patients with some preliminary studies of their role in skin. J Dermatol 1988; 15:212-9. [PMID: 3053830 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.1988.tb03680.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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36
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Sakamoto S, Sakamoto M. Degradative processes of connective tissue proteins with special emphasis on collagenolysis and bone resorption. Mol Aspects Med 1988; 10:299-428. [PMID: 3065584 DOI: 10.1016/0098-2997(88)90025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Sakamoto
- Laboratory for the Study of Connective Tissue Metabolism, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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