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The Role of the Anti-Aging Protein Klotho in IGF-1 Signaling and Reticular Calcium Leak: Impact on the Chemosensitivity of Dedifferentiated Liposarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10110439. [PMID: 30441794 PMCID: PMC6266342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
By inhibiting Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1-Receptor (IGF-1R) signaling, Klotho (KL) acts like an aging- and tumor-suppressor. We investigated whether KL impacts the aggressiveness of liposarcomas, in which IGF-1R signaling is frequently upregulated. Indeed, we observed that a higher KL expression in liposarcomas is associated with a better outcome for patients. Moreover, KL is downregulated in dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLPS) compared to well-differentiated tumors and adipose tissue. Because DDLPS are high-grade tumors associated with poor prognosis, we examined the potential of KL as a tool for overcoming therapy resistance. First, we confirmed the attenuation of IGF-1-induced calcium (Ca2+)-response and Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in KL-overexpressing human DDLPS cells. KL overexpression also reduced cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and increased apoptosis induced by gemcitabine, thapsigargin, and ABT-737, all of which are counteracted by IGF-1R-dependent signaling and activate Ca2+-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Then, we monitored cell death and cytosolic Ca2+-responses and demonstrated that KL increases the reticular Ca2+-leakage by maintaining TRPC6 at the ER and opening the translocon. Only the latter is necessary for sensitizing DDLPS cells to reticular stressors. This was associated with ERK1/2 inhibition and could be mimicked with IGF-1R or MEK inhibitors. These observations provide a new therapeutic strategy in the management of DDLPS.
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Balabanova S, Holmberg C, Steele I, Ebrahimi B, Rainbow L, Burdyga T, McCaig C, Tiszlavicz L, Lertkowit N, Giger OT, Oliver S, Prior I, Dimaline R, Simpson D, Beynon R, Hegyi P, Wang TC, Dockray GJ, Varro A. The neuroendocrine phenotype of gastric myofibroblasts and its loss with cancer progression. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1798-806. [PMID: 24710625 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cells influence cancer progression. Myofibroblasts are an important stromal cell type, which influence the tumour microenvironment by release of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, proteases, cytokines and chemokines. The mechanisms of secretion are poorly understood. Here, we describe the secretion of marker proteins in gastric cancer and control myofibroblasts in response to insulin-like growth factor (IGF) stimulation and, using functional genomic approaches, we identify proteins influencing the secretory response. IGF rapidly increased myofibroblast secretion of an ECM protein, TGFβig-h3. The secretory response was not blocked by inhibition of protein synthesis and was partially mediated by increased intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)). The capacity for evoked secretion was associated with the presence of dense-core secretory vesicles and was lost in cells from patients with advanced gastric cancer. In cells responding to IGF-II, the expression of neuroendocrine marker proteins, including secretogranin-II and proenkephalin, was identified by gene array and LC-MS/MS respectively, and verified experimentally. The expression of proenkephalin was decreased in cancers from patients with advanced disease. Inhibition of secretogranin-II expression decreased the secretory response to IGF, and its over-expression recovered the secretory response consistent with a role in secretory vesicle biogenesis. We conclude that normal and some gastric cancer myofibroblasts have a neuroendocrine-like phenotype characterized by Ca(2+)-dependent regulated secretion, dense-core secretory vesicles and expression of neuroendocrine marker proteins; loss of the phenotype is associated with advanced cancer. A failure to regulate myofibroblast protein secretion may contribute to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Balabanova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Chris Holmberg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Islay Steele
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Bahram Ebrahimi
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Lucille Rainbow
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Ted Burdyga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Cathy McCaig
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | | | - Nantaporn Lertkowit
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Olivier T Giger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Simon Oliver
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Ian Prior
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Rod Dimaline
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Deborah Simpson
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Rob Beynon
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Peter Hegyi
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, H-6701 Hungary
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032-3802, USA and
| | - Graham J Dockray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
| | - Andrea Varro
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX UK
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Valdés JA, Flores S, Fuentes EN, Osorio-Fuentealba C, Jaimovich E, Molina A. IGF-1 induces IP3-dependent calcium signal involved in the regulation of myostatin gene expression mediated by NFAT during myoblast differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:1452-63. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Cheng KC, Li YX, Asakawa A, Ushikai M, Kato I, Sato Y, Cheng JT, Inui A. Characterization of preptin-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. J Endocrinol 2012; 215:43-9. [PMID: 22787110 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to characterize the effects of preptin on insulin secretion at the single-cell level, as well as the mechanisms underlying these changes, with respect to regulation by intracellular Ca(2+) [Ca(2+)](i) mobilization. This study assessed the effect of preptin on insulin secretion and investigated the link between preptin and the phospholipase C (PLC)/protein kinase C (PKC) pathway at the cellular level using fura-2 pentakis(acetoxymethyl) ester-loaded insulin-producing cells (Min 6 cells). Our results demonstrate that preptin promotes insulin secretion in a concentration-dependent manner. Using a PLC inhibitor (chelerythrine) or a PKC inhibitor (U73122) resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in insulin secretion. Also, preptin mixed with IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) antibodies suppressed insulin secretion in a dose-dependent manner, which indicates that activation of IGF2R is mediated probably because preptin is a type of proIGF2. In addition, preptin stimulated insulin secretion to a similar level as did glibenclamide. The activation of PKC/PLC by preptin stimulation is highly relevant to the potential mechanisms for increase in insulin secretion. Our results provide new insight into the insulin secretion of preptin, a secreted proIGF2-derived peptide that can induce greater efficacy of signal transduction resulting from PLC and PKC activation through the IGF2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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Abstract
Inositol pyrophosphates are highly energetic inositol polyphosphate molecules present in organisms from slime molds and yeast to mammals. Distinct classes of enzymes generate different forms of inositol pyrophosphates. The biosynthesis of these substances principally involves phosphorylation of inositol hexakisphosphate (IP₆) to generate the pyrophosphate IP₇. Initial insights into functions of these substances derived primarily from yeast, which contain a single isoform of IP₆ kinase (yIP₆K), as well as from the slime mold Dictyostelium. Mammalian functions for inositol pyrophosphates have been investigated by using cell lines to establish roles in various processes, including insulin secretion and apoptosis. More recently, mice with targeted deletion of IP₆K isoforms as well as the related inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) have substantially enhanced our understanding of inositol polyphosphate physiology. Phenotypic alterations in mice lacking inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1 (IP₆K1) reveal signaling roles for these molecules in insulin homeostasis, obesity, and immunological functions. Inositol pyrophosphates regulate these processes at least in part by inhibiting activation of the serine-threonine kinase Akt. Similar studies of IP₆K2 establish this enzyme as a cell death inducer acting by stimulating the proapoptotic protein p53. IPMK is responsible for generating the inositol phosphate IP₅ but also has phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity--that participates in activation of Akt. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the physiological functions of the inositol pyrophosphates based in substantial part on studies in mice with deletion of IP₆K isoforms. These findings highlight the interplay of IPMK and IP₆K in regulating growth factor and nutrient-mediated cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anutosh Chakraborty
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Wong CKM, Lai T, Holly JMP, Wheeler MH, Stewart CEH, Farndon JR. Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II utilize different calcium signaling pathways in a primary human parathyroid cell culture model. World J Surg 2006; 30:333-45. [PMID: 16485066 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-005-0339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In most cell types, influx of calcium (Ca2+) induces a growth or secretory response. The opposite occurs in parathyroid (PTH), cells where there is an inverse relationship between intracellular Ca2+ concentration and PTH secretion. We have examined the effects of calcium channel and metabolism modulators on insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in a parathyroid cell culture model. METHODS Cell cultures were prepared from 9 patients undergoing operation for hyperparathyroidism. Following adhesion, the cells were transferred to serum-free medium and dosed with IGF I, II +/- ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), nifedipine, nickel, 2-aminoethoxy-diphenylborate (2-APB), or dantrolene. Proliferation (96 hours) was assessed by measuring tritiated thymidine incorporation and PTH release (1 and 3 hours) assayed by IRMA. RESULTS Both IGF I and II increased DNA synthesis to 162.8% +/- 10.6% (SEM) and 131.1% +/- 7.7%, respectively (P < 0.05). EGTA at 0.2 mmol (ionized Ca2+ 0.2 mmol) did not affect the response to both IGFs. EGTA at 2 mmol (ionized Ca2+ 0 mmol) reduced the DNA synthesis of IGF I and II to 29% and 26%, respectively (P < 0.05). Nifedipine and nickel (nonspecific Ca2+ channel blocker) were equally potent in negating the mitogenic effects of both IGFs. 2-APB (IP3R blocker) reduced the basal DNA synthesis to 51.3% +/- 8.4% but had no effect on either IGF. Dantrolene (ryanodine receptor blocker) negated IGF II induced mitogenisis (74.2% +/- 6.7%) and partially inhibited IGF I mitogenesis (123% +/- 6%) (P < 0.05). The rate of PTH secretion was greater after IGF II stimulation than after IGF I stimulation. CONCLUSIONS IGFs I and II induce mitogenesis by different calcium signaling pathways. These data suggest that parathyroid cells may utilize different calcium signaling pathways to distinguish growth factors and serum calcium changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K M Wong
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay Park, Bristol, BS16 1LE, United Kingdom.
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Larsen JK, Chen CC, Best PM. Disruption of growth hormone secretion alters Ca2+ current density and expression of Ca2+ channel and insulin-like growth factor genes in rat atria. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004; 288:H829-38. [PMID: 15486038 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00411.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis on expression of low-voltage-activated (LVA) Ca2+ current in atrial tissue was investigated using spontaneous dwarf (SpDwf) rats, a mutant strain that lacks GH. Atrial myocytes from SpDwf rats express LVA and high-voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents and the Ca2+ channel alpha1-subunit genes CaV1.2, CaV2.3, CaV3.1, and CaV3.2. LVA current density decreases significantly beginning at, or shortly after, birth in normal animals; however, its density is maintained in SpDwf rats at 1 pA/pF for > or =12 wk after birth. The abundance of mRNAs encoding CaV2.3 and CaV3.2 declines with advancing age in normal atrial development, yet expression of CaV2.3 mRNA remains significantly elevated in older SpDwf animals. Quantitation of local transcript levels for mRNAs encoding IGF-I and IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) also reveals significant differences in expression of these transcripts in atrial tissue of SpDwf animals compared with controls. In SpDwf rats, the abundance of IGF-IR mRNA remains elevated at many postnatal ages, whereas mRNA encoding IGF-I is maintained only in older animals. Physiological concentrations of IGF-I cause two- to threefold increases in LVA current density in primary cultures of atrial myocytes, and this effect is blocked by an antisense oligonucleotide targeting the IGF-IR. Thus disruption of GH production in SpDwf animals alters expression of atrial LVA Ca2+ channel and IGF genes as well as postnatal regulation of LVA Ca2+ current density, most likely acting through compensatory mechanisms via the local IGF-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice K Larsen
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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Qing DP, Ding H, Vadgama J, Wu YY, Kopple JD. Elevated myocardial cytosolic calcium impairs insulin-like growth factor-1-stimulated protein synthesis in chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10:84-92. [PMID: 9890313 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v10184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats and humans with chronic renal failure (CRF) are reported to have resistance to recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1). Because basal cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]i), a second messenger, may be increased in CRF, this study was conducted to examine whether elevated basal [Ca2+]i may cause resistance to IGF-1. Cardiomyocytes from four groups of rats were studied: untreated CRF, CRF with parathyroidectomy (PTX), CRF with the calcium channel blocker felodipine (F), and sham operation of the kidney (SO). CRF was created by ligation of two-thirds of the left renal artery and contralateral nephrectomy. Rats from each group were pair-fed the same diet for 20 to 22 d. Basal [Ca2+]i in cardiomyocytes (nM) in the CRF rats (102.0 +/- 2.8; SEM), was significantly higher than in each of the CRF-PTX, CRF-F, and SO groups (65.2 +/- 1.9, 63.8 +/- 2.6, and 63.5 +/- 2.0, respectively; P < 0.01). rhIGF-1 increased cardiomyocyte [Ca2+]i in all four groups of rats. The rise in [Ca2+]i was significantly diminished in the CRF rats (P < 0.05) and did not differ among the CRF-PTX, CRF-F, and SO rats. Protein synthesis after incubation with 0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 ng/ml rhIGF-1 was lower in cardiomyocytes from CRF rats than in each of the other three groups (P < 0.05) and was significantly less in the CRF-F rats compared with SO animals. IGF-1 receptor mRNA and IGF-1 receptor number and affinity were not different among the four groups. These findings suggest that cardiomyocytes from CRF rats display elevated basal [Ca2+]i and attenuated rhIGF-1-induced increase in [Ca2+]i; basal protein synthesis is decreased, and IGF-1-stimulated protein synthesis is impaired; elevated basal [Ca2+]i seems to contribute to this diminished response to rhIGF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Qing
- Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509, USA
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9
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Poiraudeau S, Lieberherr M, Kergosie N, Corvol MT. Different mechanisms are involved in intracellular calcium increase by insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 in articular chondrocytes: Voltage-gated calcium channels, and/or phospholipase C coupled to a pertussis-sensitive G-protein. J Cell Biochem 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4644(19970301)64:3<414::aid-jcb8>3.0.co;2-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Freestone NS, Ribaric S, Mason WT. The effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 on adult rat cardiac contractility. Mol Cell Biochem 1996; 163-164:223-9. [PMID: 8974061 DOI: 10.1007/bf00408662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) may play a role in both physiological and pathophysiological events in the mammalian myocardium. The present study investigated the acute effects of IGF-1 on isometric force development in isolated rat cardiac muscle and on intracellular calcium (Ca2+) handling in isolated cardiac myocytes. IGF-1 had a positive inotropic effect on rat ventricular papillary muscles increasing force development by 17.8 +/- 4.6%, 18.5 +/- 5.8% and 11.9 +/- 4.9% (n = 12-20) at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 ng/ml respectively. Isoprenaline increased tension in these papillary muscles by 56.7 +/- 7.7% at a concentration of 100 nM (n = 22). In comparison, insulin increased papillary muscle force development by 11.6 +/- 3.2%, 17.7 +/- 4.1% and 19.7 +/- 5.6% at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 nM respectively (n = 16-20). In the single cardiac myocyte IGF-1 increased, the peak cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration, the amplitude of the Ca2+ transient and the time to peak Ca2+ as measured with the fluorescent bioprobe Indo-1 AM. The positive inotropic response to IGF-1 by rat ventricular muscle is therefore associated with a rise in free, peak cytosolic Ca2+ in isolated cardiac myocytes. Increasing insulin concentrations (1-1000 nM) elicited a progressive elevation in isometric force and free, cytosolic Ca2+. In contrast, in the presence of IGF-1, the maximal rise in isometric force and free cytosolic Ca2+ were both observed at 10 ng/ml. Recent reports have suggested that IGF-1 may act on the mammalian myocardium when administered chronically, but this study is amongst the first to demonstrate an acute effect of IGF-I on the mammalian heart. IGF-1 may prove then to be a novel cardioactive agent in both normal and pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Freestone
- Department of Neurobiology, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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Inokuchi N, Zeki K, Morimoto I, Nakano Y, Fujihira T, Yamashita U, Yanagihara N, Izumi F, Eto S. Stimulatory effect of interleukin-1 alpha on proliferation through a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent pathway of a human thyroid carcinoma cell line, NIM 1. Jpn J Cancer Res 1995; 86:670-6. [PMID: 7559085 PMCID: PMC5920890 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1995.tb02451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
NIM 1 cells, a human thyroid cell line established from a patient with thyroid papillary adenocarcinoma, produce cytokines such as interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. In the present study, we investigated the signal transduction pathway in the proliferation of NIM 1 cells evoked by IL-1 alpha. Incubation of NIM 1 cells with IL-1 alpha for 48 h increased the incorporation of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR). The stimulatory effect of IL-1 alpha was evident at 0.01 ng/ml and the maximal effect was seen at 10 ng/ml. IL-1 alpha evoked an influx of 45Ca into NIM 1 cells within 3 min in a concentration-dependent manner (0.01-1 ng/ml). These stimulatory effects of IL-1 alpha on both 3H-TdR incorporation and 45Ca influx were similarly inhibited by nicardipine, an inhibitor of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, in a concentration-dependent manner (10-1000 nM). The stimulatory effect of IL-1 alpha on 3H-TdR incorporation was inhibited by N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), an antagonist of calmodulin, but not by 1-(5-isoquinoline sulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), an inhibitor of protein kinase C. While the culture medium initially contained 0.75 mM Ca2+, inhibition of 3H-TdR incorporation by nicardipine and W-7 under these baseline conditions was also recognized. These results suggest that IL-1 alpha stimulates cell proliferation through a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent pathway in NIM 1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Inokuchi
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu
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Fujiwara R, Hayashi T, Nakai T, Miyabo S. Diltiazem inhibits DNA synthesis and Ca2+ uptake induced by insulin, IGF-I, and PDGF in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1994; 8:861-9. [PMID: 7742265 DOI: 10.1007/bf00877405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) has been shown to play a key role in the atherosclerotic lesions. It has been demonstrated that serum-derived peptidic growth factors, such as insulin, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), or epidermal growth factor (EGF), provide mitogenic signals in VSMC and that the interplay of Ca2+ and other messengers is necessary for triggering proliferation. Since Ca2+ channel blockers act on the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel to inhibit Ca2+ influx, it is conceivable that they affect the proliferative action of growth factors. In this study we have evaluated the effects of diltiazem, a 1,5-benzothiazepine-derived Ca2+ channel blocker, on [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA stimulated by insulin, insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I), or PDGF in cultured VSMC from rat aorta. We have also investigated the effects of insulin, IGF-I, and PDGF on Ca2+ uptake in VSMC. After exposure to insulin (10(-10) to 8 x 10(-6) M) or IGF-I (10(-10) to 10(-7) M) for 48 hours, VSMC incorporated [3H]thymidine to 200-280% of maximum (with insulin or IGF-I alone) compared to control. The effect of IGF-I was approximately 10-100 times more potent than that of insulin. PDGF (0.5-15 ng/ml) also induced an increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA of VSMC. Additivity is observed between PDGF with insulin or IGF-I, but not between insulin and IGF-I. Sixty minute treatment with insulin (5 x 10(-8) to 10(-6) M), IGF-I (10(-8) to 10(-6) M), or PDGF (1.0-15.0 ng/ml) increased the unidirectional 45Ca2+ uptake during a 5 minute period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA/biosynthesis
- Diltiazem/pharmacology
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Insulin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology
- Male
- Muscle Proteins/biosynthesis
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Thymidine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fujiwara
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Fukui Medical School, Japan
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Linder B, Harris S, Eisen A, Nissley P. Evidence against roles for pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins or diacylglycerol generation in insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulated DNA synthesis in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1994; 105:111-8. [PMID: 7821713 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(94)90042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein has been reported to play a role in the mitogenic response to insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in mouse fibroblasts, and diacylglycerol generation has been shown to accompany growth stimulation by IGF-I of several cell lines. We have examined the roles of pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins and diacylglycerol generation in signaling by the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor in a cell line that is very responsive to IGF-I, the human osteosarcoma cell line, MG-63. Pertussis toxin failed to inhibit IGF-I induced [3H]-thymidine incorporation into DNA. Furthermore, the stable analog GTP gamma S had no effect on the binding of 125I-labelled IGF-I to MG-63 membrane preparations. Following addition of IGF-I to growth-arrested MG-63 cells there was no increase in diacylglycerol levels over 30 min. We conclude that the activated IGF-I receptor does not use pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins or diacylglycerol generation in a pathway leading to DNA synthesis in MG-63 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Linder
- Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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15
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Abstract
This catalogue of autocrine growth factors is limited to proteins--metabolites of iodine and prostaglandins are omitted and they are undoubtedly of autocrine importance in the thyroid, as elsewhere. However, this summary of polypeptide growth factors secreted by the thyroid illustrates the potential cells have to condition their environment to modify their responses to external stimuli. This enables cells in different tissues to respond to agonists in different ways. The effects of TSH on IGF, IGFBP and IGF receptor production and the effects of IGFBPs on IGF action are good examples of this amplified response. Many pieces of the jigsaw, however, remain to be found and put in place before a clear picture of the regulation and roles of these factors can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Eggo
- Department of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, UK
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Féliers D, Pavlovic-Hournac M. Species differences of the thyroid protein kinase C heterogeneity. Thyroid 1994; 4:459-65. [PMID: 7711511 DOI: 10.1089/thy.1994.4.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC), the mediator of the phosphoinositide transduction pathway, is a family of at least 11 isozymes and its heterogeneity has been described in many tissues and cells. We studied here the heterogeneity of PKC in thyroid glands from three different species, rat, pig, and dog. By combining immunological and biochemical approaches, we identified in rat thyroids, the PKC alpha, beta II, delta, epsilon, and zeta subspecies, in pig thyroids, the alpha, epsilon, and zeta isozymes, and in dog thyroids, only the alpha and zeta isozymes. The observed species differences of the thyroid gland PKC heterogeneity could be related to the reported species differences in the activation of the phosphoinositide regulatory cascade by TSH and other thyroid cell regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Féliers
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 96, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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Werner H, Adamo M, Roberts CT, LeRoith D. Molecular and cellular aspects of insulin-like growth factor action. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 1994; 48:1-58. [PMID: 7524243 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Werner
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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18
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Strieleman PJ, Metzger BE. Glucose and scyllo-inositol impair phosphoinositide hydrolysis in the 10.5-day cultured rat conceptus: a role in dysmorphogenesis? TERATOLOGY 1993; 48:267-78. [PMID: 8248864 DOI: 10.1002/tera.1420480310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Culture of the postimplantation rat conceptus from gestational day 9.5-10.5 in media supplemented with d-glucose or scyllo-inositol decreases tissue myo-inositol and phosphoinositides with a concomitant increase in dysmorphogenesis. A number of mitogenic agents initiate cellular proliferation and differentiation through receptors coupled to phosphoinositide hydrolysis. To test whether the decrease in conceptus phosphoinositides is associated with a reduced phosphoinositide hydrolytic response, we developed a protocol to stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Phosphoinositide hydrolysis was monitored by measurement of [3H]inositol phosphates after preincubation in serum free media. We examined the ability of serum, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal-derived growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and endothelin-2 (ET-2), to stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. As measured by [3H]inositol monophosphate ([3H]InsP1) accumulation, normal rat seru, ET-1, and ET-2 stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis 47%, 420%, and 154% above the basal rate observed in serum free controls. EGF stimulated a statistically insignificant 15% increase while PDGF, IGF-1, or IGF-2 were without effect. We further characterized ET-1 stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Dose-response studies disclosed that incremental increases in [3H]InsP1 (129-420%) are observed over a concentration range of 10-1,000 nM. Maximal stimulation was not reached even at 1,000 nM. Temporally [3H]InsP1 and [3H]InsP3 levels increased linearly during incubation periods of 15-60 min. We further analyzed ET-1 stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in 10.5-day conceptuses cultured for 24 hr in media containing high concentrations of glucose (23.3-56.6 mM) or scyllo-inositol (0.55, 5.5 mM). Under these dysmorphogenic conditions that concomitantly decrease the phosphoinositide precursor pool the response to ET-1 was blunted 28-76% for glucose and 29-65% for scyllo-inositol. This suggests that the effect of glucose and scyllo-inositol on lowering phosphoinositide precursor pools also results in a decrease in the response to agonists using the inositol/lipid intracellular pathway. This impaired signaling response may contribute to initiating dysmorphogenic events in diabetic embryopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Strieleman
- Center for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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19
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Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) stimulated DNA synthesis in porcine aortic smooth muscle cells in a concentration-dependent manner. [Leu31, Pro34]NPY, a Y1-specific agonist, was several hundred times more potent than NPY(13-36), which preferentially bound to Y2 receptors, for stimulating DNA synthesis. On the other hand, human pancreatic polypeptide had no effect. The potency of NPY and related peptides for stimulating DNA synthesis paralleled their potency for increasing the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration in the cells. Pertussis toxin treatment completely blocked both effects of the peptides. Thus, NPY may induce Ca2+ mobilization and stimulation of DNA synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells via Y1 receptors whose signal transduction system involves pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding protein(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shigeri
- Shionogi Research Laboratories, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
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20
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Veneziani BM, Di Marino C, Salvatore P, Villone G, Perrotti N, Frunzio R, Tramontano D. Transfected insulin-like growth factor II modulates the mitogenic response of rat thyrocytes in culture. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1992; 86:11-20. [PMID: 1511776 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(92)90170-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rat thyroid cells (FRTL5), transfected with the sequence coding for rat insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) presented mRNA specific for the transfected IGF-II in most of the clones obtained (Tr clones). Tr7 and Tr12 cells maintained their ability to respond to the mitogenic effect of thyrotropin (TSH), while either exogenous IGF-I or IGF-II or insulin failed to stimulate their proliferation. In the absence of exogenous mitogens the Tr7 and Tr12 clones vigorously incorporated [3H]thymidine into DNA. This activity was significantly inhibited by sm1.2, a monoclonal antibody against rat IGF-II. Tr7 and Tr12 clones possess type I IGF receptors, known to mediate the mitogenic effect of IGF-II, with affinity similar to those present on the membrane of the parental cells but with reduced capacity. Finally, media conditioned by Tr7 and Tr12 increase basal thymidine incorporation in quiescent FRTL5 cells and amplify that induced by TSH. Endogenous IGFs may play an important role in the regulation of thyroid cell proliferation by modulating the mitogenic effect of TSH and by supporting TSH-independent growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Veneziani
- Dpt. di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Reggio Calabria, Catanzaro, Italy
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21
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Raspé E, Dumont JE. Robert Feulgen Lecture 1991. Control and role of major signalling cascades of the thyrocyte. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992; 26:1-29. [PMID: 1362463 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6336(11)80074-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Raspé
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bruxelles, Belgium
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22
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Dumont JE, Maenhaut C, Pirson I, Baptist M, Roger PP. Growth factors controlling the thyroid gland. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 1991; 5:727-54. [PMID: 1661579 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-351x(10)80012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Degryse B, Maisonobe F, Hovsépian S, Fayet G. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I exert different effects on plasminogen activator production or cell growth in the ovine thyroid cell line OVNIS. J Endocrinol Invest 1991; 14:821-4. [PMID: 1802921 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) are evaluated for their capacity to affect cell proliferation and plasminogen activator (PA) activity production in an ovine thyroid cell line OVNIS. Insulin at physiological and supraphysiological doses induces cell proliferation and increases PA activity. IGF-I, which is also clearly mitogenic for these cells, surprisingly does not modulate PA activity. The results indicate that the growth promoting effect is mediated through the insulin and IGF-I receptors whereas PA activity is solely regulated via the insulin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Degryse
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
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24
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Valverde AM, Benito M, Lorenzo M. Proliferation of fetal brown adipocyte primary cultures: relationship with the genetic expression of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase. Exp Cell Res 1991; 194:232-7. [PMID: 2026177 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(91)90359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fetal brown adipocyte primary cultures increase DNA synthesis; cell number; and DNA, RNA, and protein contents in response to 10% fetal calf serum, IGF-I, and EGF plus vasopressin plus bombesin when added for 64 h to quiescent cells. IGF-I is a complete growth factor in this system while EGF needs the presence of vasopressin plus bombesin for its maximal proliferative effects. These mitogens induce the genetic expression of G6P dehydrogenase, increasing its mRNA content as well as its specific activity and amount of immunoreactive protein. The presence of cAMP elevating agents prevents the stimulatory effect of EGF plus vasopressin plus bombesin on DNA synthesis, cell number, and DNA content as well as on the induction of G6P dehydrogenase expression. Thus, changes on the proliferative state of these cells are associated with the level of expression of G6P dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Valverde
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Centro Mixto C.S.I.C./U.C.M., Facultad de Farmacia, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Takasu N, Komiya I, Nagasawa Y, Asawa T, Shimizu Y, Yamada T. Interrelationship between insulin-like growth factor I-induced activation of the Na+/H(+)-antiporter and intracellular Ca(2+)-mobilization in thyroid cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991; 177:113-9. [PMID: 1645954 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(91)91955-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) increased cytoplamic pH (pHi) and cytoplasmic Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) in cultured porcine thyroid cells. Inhibition of the Na+/H(+)-antiporter by dimethylamiloride or a reduction of external Na(+)-concentrations attenuates the increases in pHi and [Ca2+]i. The [Ca2+]i response to IGF-I is a pHi-dependent process. IGF-I activates Na+/H(+)-antiporter and alkalinizes thyroid cells. The resulting increase in pHi facilitates the [Ca2+]i response by adjusting the pHi closer to the pHi-optimum of the intracellular Ca(2+)-mobilizing system. One of the biological functions of IGF-I-induced activation of the Na+/H(+)-antiporter is to shift the pHi to an optimal value for the [Ca2+]i response.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Takasu
- Department of Gerontology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano-ken, Japan
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nissley
- Endocrinology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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