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Bradshaw RA. Dick Hanson and the launch of MCP: a personal reflection. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:1150-2. [PMID: 24710324 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o114.040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Elbein AD. Interactions of polynucleotides and other polyelectrolytes with enzymes and other proteins. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 40:29-64. [PMID: 4275850 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122853.ch2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Hanson
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4935, USA.
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Lees AM, Veys JA, Lees RS. Reversible and irreversible non-internalized LDL and methyl LDL accumulation by human fibroblasts. Atherosclerosis 2001; 157:65-74. [PMID: 11427205 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In previous in vivo animal studies, we showed that low density lipoprotein (LDL) accumulated irreversibly at the edges of healing arterial lesions rather than being internalized and degraded. To see if similar LDL accumulation occurs in vitro, fibroblasts from normal and homozygous familial hypercholesterolemic (FH) subjects were incubated at 37 degrees C with 125I-LDL and 125I-methyl LDL; the latter is not recognized by any known LDL receptor. Normal fibroblast accumulation of LDL and methyl LDL (5 microg/ml) plateaued within 1 h at 200 and 100 ng/mg, respectively. With FH cells, both LDL and methyl LDL accumulation plateaued at 100 ng/mg. Lipoprotein accumulation by both cell types rose steeply at concentrations up to 15-25 microg/ml, and less so at higher concentrations. Except for degradation of LDL by normal cells, degradation was minimal, which indicated that much of the lipoprotein accumulation was unaccompanied by internalization. The accumulation of both lipoproteins by both cell types was greater at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C, and was inhibited between 43 and 75% by homologous unlabeled lipoprotein. To see if any accumulation was irreversible, cells were incubated with radiolabeled lipoproteins for 3 h (pulse), then with homologous unlabeled lipoproteins for up to 20 h (chase). About 50% of intact radiolabeled lipoprotein rapidly dissociated from cells into the medium in the first 4 h of the chase period. In contrast, between 4 and 20 h, most of the remaining intact LDL and methyl LDL appeared to be irreversibly bound, because it was released at a rate of only 0-1%/h. Thus, we conclude that, under the conditions studied, both reversible and irreversible non-internalized LDL binding play a major role in LDL accumulation by cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Lees
- Boston Heart Foundation, Harvard/MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 139 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142-1529, USA.
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Gamzazade A, Nasibov S, Rogozhin S. Study of lipoprotein sorption by some sulfoderivatives of chitosan. Carbohydr Polym 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0144-8617(97)00066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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WALTON KW, SCOTT PJ. ESTIMATION OF THE LOW-DENSITY (BETA) LIPOPROTEINS OF SERUM IN HEALTH AND DISEASE USING LARGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DEXTRAN SULPHATE. J Clin Pathol 1996; 17:627-43. [PMID: 14227432 PMCID: PMC480846 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.17.6.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Studies have been made of the factors affecting the specificity of the interaction between high molecular weight dextran sulphate and low-density lipoproteins, both in pure solution and in serum. The results have been used in the development of a simple assay method for the serum concentration of low-density lipoproteins in small volumes of serum. The results obtained by this assay procedure have been found to correlate acceptably with parallel estimations of low-density lipoproteins by an ultracentrifugal technique and by paper electrophoresis. The technique has been applied to a survey of serum levels of these proteins in a normal population. The results have been compared with data in the literature. Satisfactory agreement was found between mean levels, matched for age and sex, between the dextran sulphate method and those methods based ultimately on chemical estimation of one or more components of the isolated lipoproteins. A systematic difference was observed when the dextran sulphate method was compared with estimates based on analytical ultracentrifugation or turbidimetry using amylopectin sulphate.Some indication of the range of application of the dextran sulphate method in clinical chemistry is provided.
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OROSZLAN SI, MORA PT, SHEAR MJ. REVERSIBLE INACTIVATION OF AN ENDOTOXIN BY INTRACELLULAR PROTEIN. Biochem Pharmacol 1996; 12:1131-46. [PMID: 14074112 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(63)90087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Fenske DB, Cushley RJ. Insoluble complex formation between low density lipoprotein and heparin. A 31P-NMR study. Chem Phys Lipids 1990; 54:9-16. [PMID: 2361235 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(90)90054-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
31P-NMR has been used to probe the motions of the phosphate moiety of phospholipid head-groups in samples of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) in which particle tumbling has been greatly reduced by increasing the viscosity of the medium, by forming an LDL gel by ultracentrifugation, or by precipitation with heparin. The 31P-NMR spectra of LDL gel give broad "powder-like" lineshapes, with the sign and magnitude of the anisotropy characteristic of the bilayer mesophase, which narrow as the temperature is raised from 5 to 45 degrees C. This narrowing occurs over the same temperature range as the core cholesteryl ester liquid-crystalline to liquid phase transition, suggesting interactions between the surface and core. The 31P lineshapes of LDL-heparin insoluble complexes are also "powder-like", but are broader than native LDL at all temperatures studied. The spectra were simulated assuming an axially-symmetric shielding tensor motionally narrowed by Brownian isotropic diffusion [Burnell et al. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 603, 63-69], allowing determination of the lateral diffusion coefficients, DT, and the chemical shift anisotropy, delta sigma, of the monolayer phospholipids. Relative to LDL gel, the temperature-dependence of DT was reduced in the LDL-heparin insoluble complexes, and delta sigma was increased from 50 to 60 ppm. The results suggest that insoluble complex formation slows phospholipid lateral diffusion in the LDL monolayer and alters the orientation and/or order of the head-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Fenske
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
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Fenske DB, Cushley RJ. Soluble complex formation between low-density lipoprotein and glycosaminoglycans. A 2H and 31P-NMR, and quasi-elastic light scattering study. Chem Phys Lipids 1988; 49:15-29. [PMID: 3148373 DOI: 10.1016/0009-3084(88)90060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Soluble complex formation between LDL and heparin (HEP) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) has been studied by 2H- and 31P-NMR and light scattering. The 2H-NMR linewidths of [2H]HEP and [2H]C4S increase substantially upon binding to LDL, with the [2H]HEP linewidths broader at low glycosaminoglycan (GAG)/low density lipoprotein (LDL) ratios. Preliminary analysis of the bound C2H3 group correlation times suggests that the observed linewidths are determined by the complex size, and that both [2H]GAGs have similar motions when bound to LDL. The 31P-NMR data demonstrate that large LDL-HEP complexes (diameter approx. 50 nm) are formed only over a narrow range of HEP concentrations, whereas the size of LDL-CS complexes increases continuously over the range of CS concentrations studied, reaching values of 32-35 nm for both C4S and C6S. At the lower protein concentrations studied by light scattering (less than or equal to 1 mg/ml), the same trends are observed, although the mean diameters are less than those estimated by 31P-NMR. Soluble complex formation was unaffected by the presence of 2 mM Ca2+. Dilution studies demonstrate that complex size varies with protein concentration. The binding of GAGs to LDL was also examined by HEP-CS competition studies. HEP has the higher affinity while no differences in binding could be detected between C4S and C6S.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Fenske
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada
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Siekmeier R, März W, Gross W. Precipitation of LDL with sulfated polyanions: three methods compared. Clin Chim Acta 1988; 177:221-30. [PMID: 2466586 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(88)90066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three precipitation methods for the determination of low density lipoproteins have been evaluated. In n = 113 normolipidemic samples mean LDL-cholesterol levels have been 2.90 mmol/l, 2.77 mmol/l, 3.21 mmol/l after precipitation with heparin, dextran sulfate, and polyvinylsulfate, respectively. As compared to a combined ultracentrifugation and precipitation reference procedure (mean 3.22 mmol/l) two precipitation methods tend to underrate LDL-cholesterol. Elevated plasma triglycerides may interfere with the precipitation of LDL. The clinical relevance of the precipitation procedures has been studied by discriminant analysis in n = 28 consecutive patients admitted for coronary bypass operation and n = 28 controls. The data suggest that, statistically, the determination of LDL-cholesterol with either precipitation method only provides redundant information as in relation to the Friedewald approximation for LDL-cholesterol. Immunologically determined apolipoprotein B proved a better predictor for group separation than either precipitation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Siekmeier
- Gustav Embden-Zentrum der biologischen Chemie, J.W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt/Main, FRG
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Bocan TM, Brown SA, Guyton JR. Human aortic fibrolipid lesions. Immunochemical localization of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS (DALLAS, TEX.) 1988; 8:499-508. [PMID: 2461192 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.8.5.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Comparative localization of apolipoproteins (apo) B and A in small, raised fibrolipid lesions was performed to determine whether low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) may be involved in the formation of the earliest identifiable lipid-rich core regions found in atherosclerotic fibrous plaques. Apo B was observed associated with the superficial layer of foam cells in collagenous areas of the lesion cap and within the lipid-rich core region. The lipid-rich core region was well-circumscribed by an intense band of apo B staining along both luminal and medial aspects. Apo A staining was confined to the noncellular elements of the fibrolipid lesion. Collagenous areas were speckled with fine, punctate granules of immunoreactive apo A. A homogeneous, granular apo A staining pattern was characteristic throughout the core region. With these data from a relatively early lesion in the development of the atherosclerotic fibrous plaque, we conclude that: 1) both LDL and HDL can accumulate in the lipid-rich core region since no preferential staining for apo B over apo A was observed in this region, and 2) the paucity of cell-associated apo A staining in small fibrolipid lesions suggests that HDL interacts with the arterial wall differently than does HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Bocan
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Thies K, Prigent SA, Heuck CC. Selective removal of low-density lipoproteins from plasma by polyacrylate-coated Fractogel in vitro and in experimental extracorporeal perfusion. Artif Organs 1988; 12:320-4. [PMID: 3178519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.1988.tb02780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylate, covalently bound to Fractogel, was tested as a sorbent for lipoproteins from human plasma in a perfusion column. Experiments in vitro indicated complete elimination of low-density lipoproteins from citrated plasma. No binding of high-density lipoproteins, fibrinogen, or the complement factors C3 and C4 was observed. Biocompatibility was demonstrated by extracorporeal plasma perfusion in sheep. The results indicate the potential use of polyacrylate-coated Fractogel for the removal of low-density lipoproteins from plasma ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Thies
- Institut für Immunologie und Serologie, Universität Heidelberg, F.R.G
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Srinivasan SR, Vijayagopal P, Eberle K, Dalferes ER, Radhakrishnamurthy B, Berenson GS. Low density lipoprotein binding affinity of arterial wall isomeric chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Atherosclerosis 1988; 72:1-9. [PMID: 3214455 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(88)90056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the selective interaction of low density lipoproteins (LDL) with arterial proteoglycans is known, information is lacking on LDL-binding affinity of different subspecies occurring within a proteoglycan family. Isomeric chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan preparations sedimenting at densities of 1.54 g/ml (D1), 1.50 g/ml (D2) and 1.46 g/ml (D3) were isolated from bovine aorta intima-media under dissociative conditions and subjected to equilibrium binding to LDL-agarose gel. D1, D2 and D3 contained 36%, 37% and 11% dermatan sulfate, respectively. Sulfate to hexosamine ratio was low (0.73) in D1 when compared to D2 and D3 (0.94 and 1.04). Of the total proteoglycans contained in D1, D2 and D3, 41%, 52% and 66% interacted with LDL, respectively. LDL-bound proteoglycans dissociated over a wide range of ionic strengths (0.15-1.0); in comparison, LDL-bound heparin dissociated within a narrow range (0.5-0.75). Unlike other preparations, 30% of bound D3 dissociated at an ionic strength of 1.0. In D1 and D2 the proportion of dermatan sulfate increased in proteoglycan fractions that were bound firmly to LDL, whereas a high affinity fraction in D3 contained no dermatan sulfate. Thus, isomeric chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans display considerable divergence with respect to LDL binding. This may depend not only on the degree of sulfation but on other characteristics of the chondroitin sulfate isomers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Srinivasan
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans
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Jaya P, Kurup PA. Effect of magnesium deficiency on the metabolism of glycosamino-glycans in rats. J Biosci 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02900510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sparks JD, Sparks CE, Kritchevsky D. Hypercholesterolemia and aortic glycosaminoglycans of rabbits fed semi-purified diets containing sucrose and lactose. Atherosclerosis 1986; 60:183-96. [PMID: 3521623 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(86)90010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the role of dietary sucrose and lactose in a semipurified diet as initiating factors for aortic glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and lipid changes. Rabbits were fed sucrose or lactose as 40% by weight of a semi-purified, cholesterol-free diet for 10 weeks. At the end of the feeding period there was no macroscopic evidence of atherosclerosis. Sucrose-fed rabbits had significantly higher plasma cholesterol and phospholipid levels than the lactose-fed rabbits and triglyceride levels were variably elevated in the sucrose group. Analysis of plasma lipoproteins indicated that sucrose elevated VLDL and LDL when compared to lactose. Only the higher molecular weight form of apo B (apo BH) could be demonstrated when apo B components of isolated lipoproteins were analyzed. Sucrose-fed rabbits had significantly more aortic cholesterol, cholesteryl ester and phospholipid and tended to have more GAG/mg dry defatted aorta than the lactose-fed rabbits. Plasma cholesterol levels correlated with aortic lipids and in the sucrose group, aortic cholesteryl ester and cholesterol were strongly correlated with aortic GAG particularly hyaluronic acid. Results suggest that the semi-purified diet alters aortic GAG composition but in order for the initiation of cholesterol accumulation a significant increase in plasma lipoprotein cholesterol is necessary.
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Schriewer H, Nolte W, Robenek H, Assmann G. Apolipoprotein B determination in the dissolved precipitate obtained after precipitation of LDL with polyvinylsulphate. An alternative method for the determination of LDL apolipoprotein B without using ultracentrifugation. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE CHEMIE UND KLINISCHE BIOCHEMIE 1986; 24:347-52. [PMID: 3734704 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1986.24.5.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Using a commercially available test for LDL cholesterol (Boehringer Mannheim), a method was developed for determination of LDL apolipoprotein B without using ultracentrifugation. The infranatant obtained by precipitation of serum with polyvinylsulphate was redissolved in a saline citrate solution and incubated with phospholipase A2, phospholipase C, phospholipase D or triglyceride lipase, respectively. When the saline-citrate redissolved precipitate was monitored by electron microscopy, it appeared as a fibriform network. The additional incubation with phospholipase A2, C, D, or triglyceride lipase resulted in a molecularization of LDL particles. By electron microscopy these particles could not be distinguished from LDL particles isolated by ultracentrifugation. In radial immunodiffusion tests, the additional incubation of the redissolved precipitate with phospholipase C or phospholipase D resulted in a total loss of the slight immunoreactivity observed before phospholipase incubation. However, additional incubation with triglyceride lipase resulted in a significant increase in immunoreactivity. Only the additional incubation of the redissolved precipitate with phospholipase A2 resulted in an immunoprecipitation reaction comparable to that with LDL particles isolated by ultracentrifugation. Using a resolubilized and phospholipase A2-incubated precipitate of a pool serum as apolipoprotein B standard, a good correlation was obtained between apolipoprotein B values measured in this dissolved precipitate and those measured in the d greater than 1.006 kg/l fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation (r = 0.95; y = 0.95x + 0.018; n = 44).
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SHORT COMMUNICATION/KURZMITTEILUNG. Clin Chem Lab Med 1986. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1986.24.5.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Le´John HB. Degradation of rRNA and poly(A)+ RNA during isolation fromAchlya klebsiana prevented by alkaline pH not ribonuclease inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0147-5975(85)90048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kostner GM, Zechner R, Bihari-Varga M, Gruber E. The interaction of human plasma low density lipoproteins with glycosamino-glycans: influence of the chemical composition. Lipids 1985; 20:24-8. [PMID: 3968986 DOI: 10.1007/bf02534358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human plasma of 5 normolipemic individuals was incubated for 24 hr at 37 C in the presence or in the absence of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)-inhibitors. Plasma stored at 4 C served as a control. The low density lipoprotein (LDL) fractions of the samples were isolated and investigated with respect to changes in chemical composition and complexing activity with glycosamino glycans (GAG). Incubation of plasma in the presence of LCAT inhibitors caused a significant increase of LDL triglycerides at the expense of cholesteryl esters. Incubation with active LCAT not only changed the core but also the surface constituents (decrease in phospholipids and in free cholesterol). The amount of GAG bound per mg of LDL was not uniformly changed in samples incubated after LCAT inhibition. LDL isolated from plasma incubated in the presence of LCAT, on the other hand, showed a significant reduction in GAG binding. The ratio of free cholesterol:GAG in the complex was most significantly reduced in LCAT-modified LDL. There was in addition a highly significant correlation between the LDL:GAG ratio in the complex and the free cholesterol and phospholipid content of the LDL samples. It is concluded that alterations in surface lipid constituents of LDL strongly affect their interaction with sulfated polysaccharides, an effect which may be relevant also in vivo for the interaction of LDL with cell surfaces and intercellular matrices.
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Assmann G, Jabs HU, Nolte W, Schriewer H. Precipitation of LDL with sulphopolyanions: a comparison of two methods for LDL cholesterol determination. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE CHEMIE UND KLINISCHE BIOCHEMIE 1984; 22:781-5. [PMID: 6527097 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.1984.22.11.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Two commercially available tests for the determination of LDL cholesterol were compared. The determination principle lies in the precipitation of LDL using heparin (Merck, Darmstadt test) or using polycyclic surface activated anions (bioMérieux test), as well as ascertaining LDL cholesterol by subtracting cholesterol in the supernatant from total cholesterol (Merck, Darmstadt test) or the direct determination of cholesterol in the redissolved precipitate (bioMérieux test). Regression analysis of the LDL cholesterol values obtained by precipitation and the LDL cholesterol values obtained by the combination of ultracentrifugation and HDL cholesterol determination (cholesterol in the d greater than 1.006 kg/l ultracentrifugation fraction- HDL cholesterol) resulted in a good correlation (precipitation using polycyclic surface activated anions: r = 0.95, y = 1.01x - 0.14, n = 34; heparin precipitation: r = 0.94, y = 0.86x + 0.10, n = 28). In sera containing triglycerides ranging from 2.28 mmol/l to 10.9 mmol/l there was an adequate agreement between the values obtained by precipitation with polycyclic surface activated anions and those of the reference method (r = 0.94, y = 0.9x + 0.47, n = 51), whereas the data obtained by heparin precipitation clearly deviated from the data of the reference method (r = 0.69, y = 0.75x + 0.003, n = 32).
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Berenson GS, Radhakrishnamurthy B, Srinivasan SR, Vijayagopal P, Dalferes ER, Sharma C. Recent advances in molecular pathology. Carbohydrate-protein macromolecules and arterial wall integrity--a role in atherogenesis. Exp Mol Pathol 1984; 41:267-87. [PMID: 6090199 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4800(84)90043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Assmann G, Jabs HU, Kohnert U, Nolte W, Schriewer H. LDL-cholesterol determination in blood serum following precipitation of LDL with polyvinylsulfate. Clin Chim Acta 1984; 140:77-83. [PMID: 6744629 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(84)90153-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ofosu FA, Cerskus AL, Hirsh J, Smith LM, Modi GJ, Blajchman MA. The inhibition of the anticoagulant activity of heparin by platelets, brain phospholipids, and tissue factor. Br J Haematol 1984. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1984.tb08525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Assmann G, Jabs HU. Specificity of the heparin-LDL interaction. Clin Chim Acta 1984; 138:119-23. [PMID: 6713685 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(84)90360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Camejo G, Ponce E, López F, Starosta R, Hurt E, Romano M. Partial structure of the active moiety of a lipoprotein complexing proteoglycan from human aorta. Atherosclerosis 1983; 49:241-54. [PMID: 6661268 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(83)90136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans of the intima-media extracellular matrix have been stated to play a role in lipoprotein deposition associated with atherogenesis. It is therefore important to characterize the active lipoprotein-complexing moiety of these macromolecular aggregates. We have isolated a soluble proteoglycan aggregate of approximately 5 X 10(6) molecular weight after homogenization of human aortic intima-media in an isosmotic sucrose solution, sequential differential centrifugation, dialysis, exclusion chromatography and preparative electrophoresis. This proteoglycan aggregate, labelled lipoprotein-complexing proteoglycan (LCP), has been previously shown to form specific complexes with low density lipoproteins, either isolated or in sera. Density gradient centrifugation in dissociative conditions of the LCP, cellulose acetate acetate electrophoresis of the subfractions, chondroitinases treatment and high performance liquid chromatography of the unsaturated disaccharides indicated that the glycosaminoglycan moiety was composed of 56% chondroitin-6-SO4, 26% hyaluronate and/or undersulfated chondroitin and 17% chondroitin-4-SO4. In pore-gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the hyaluronate monomer appeared to have a molecular weight of 250000 while that of the chondroitin sulfates ranged between 50000 and 70000 after extensive treatment with protease. The fractions enriched in the chondroitin sulfate monomers were the most reactive towards LDL and their reactivity was abolished by chondroitinase AC indicating that the lipoprotein-complexing capacity of the LCP aggregate is associated to these molecules.
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Camejo G. The interaction of lipids and lipoproteins with the intercellular matrix of arterial tissue: its possible role in atherogenesis. ADVANCES IN LIPID RESEARCH 1982; 19:1-53. [PMID: 6762059 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-024919-0.50007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Vijayagopal P, Srinivasan S, Radhakrishnamurthy B, Berenson G. Interaction of serum lipoproteins and a proteoglycan from bovine aorta. J Biol Chem 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Traavik T, Spanne O, Mennen S. Rubella serology: a comparison of four methods for exclusion of non-specific serum inhibitors. J Hyg (Lond) 1981; 86:315-27. [PMID: 6263970 PMCID: PMC2133991 DOI: 10.1017/s0022172400069060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the pyrogenic silica Aerosil 380R to exclude non-specific serum inhibitors (NSI) of rubella virus haemagglutination was evaluated. The developed procedure was compared with the kaolin, heparin/MnCl2 and dextran sulphate/CaCl2 methods. Aerosil and kaolin were found superior for the elimination of non-specific inhibitors and high density lipoproteins (HDL). The other methods left NSI and HDL in a majority of the sera, occasionally in high titres. Aerosil seemed to be somewhat more efficient than kaolin in NSI and HDL exclusion. The Aerosil method offers the opportunity to detect sera with rubella antibody titres less than 10. Among eight such sera, six were shown to contain rubella antibodies, while two were false positives.
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Wagner WD, Nohlgren SR. Aortic glycosaminoglycans in genetically selected WC-2 pigeons with increased atherosclerosis susceptibility. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS (DALLAS, TEX.) 1981; 1:192-201. [PMID: 7295192 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.1.3.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A genetically selected line of White Carneau pigeons (WC-2) was studied in an attempt to relate changes in composition and content of aortic glycosaminoglycan (GAG) to increased atherosclerosis susceptibility. The WC-2 pigeons were fed an atherogenic diet for 3 months and, when compared to randomly bred White Carneau (RBWC) controls, they showed similar plasma cholesterol concentrations but significantly greater aortic atherosclerosis. In the WC-2 pigeons, 35% of the aortic surface was covered with plaque compared with only 12% in RBWC pigeons; WC-2 birds showed cholesterol contents of 3.3 mg/aorta/500 g body weight, while the RBWC birds had only 0.9 mg/aorta/500 g body weight. After papain treatment of delipidated dried artery, the aortic GAG were isolated, purified using cetylpyridinium chloride, and identified and quantitated by a combination of procedure including selective enzymatic digestion and electrophoresis. In both pigeon groups, aortic GAG included 8% hyaluronic acid, 11% dermatan sulfate, 15% heparan sulfate, and 66% chondroitin sulfate. For the entire group, total aortic GAG content was 35% greater in WC-2 pigeons. Since we did not know if this increase in GAG was simply due to increased atherosclerosis in the WC-2 birds, we sorted the pigeons into matched groups representing minimal, moderate, and severe atherosclerosis on the basis of aortic cholesterol content. At all levels of cholesterol, all GAG contents were greater in the aortas of WC-2 pigeons. The accumulation of dermatan sulfate was 30% higher than in RBWC birds in the minimal arteriosclerosis group, 101% higher in the moderate group, and 53% higher in the severe group. Hyaluronic acid tended to decrease as aortic cholesterol contents increased in WC-2 pigeons. Reduced hyaluronic acid and increase dermatan sulfate may suggest the presence of an altered hyaluronic acid-dermatan sulfate-containing proteoglycan aggregate in the intercellular matrix of the WC-2 pigeon aorta. Possible consequences include increased artery permeability and a binding and retention of lipoproteins in the artery wall. These factors may explain why atherosclerosis develops at an increased rate in the WC-2 pigeon.
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Sharpe DN, Scott PJ, Flint MH, Donald J. Arterial connective tissue changes and distribution of 125I-labelled low density lipoprotein in hypertensive pigs. Atherosclerosis 1980; 35:393-411. [PMID: 7378120 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(80)90180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Young pigs with hypertension of 10 weeks duration, resulting from cellophane perinephritis, were injected with 125I-labelled low-density lipoprotein ([125I]LDL) before being killed 24 h or 48 h later. Intimal thickening and increased acid mucopolysaccharide were demonstrated in the aortas and major arteries of the hypertensive animals. Increased accumulation of [125I]LDL was observed in the inner media beneath areas of intimal thickening. It is suggested that the primary effect of hypertension in atherosclerosis is to produce structural changes in arterial connective tissue which allow increased accumulation of LDL by altering the permeability and binding properties of the arterial wall.
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Hollander W, Paddock J, Colombo M. Lipoproteins in human atherosclerotic vessels. I. Biochemical properties of arterial low density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, and high density lipoproteins. Exp Mol Pathol 1979; 30:144-71. [PMID: 217725 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4800(79)90051-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Schultz DR, Arnold PI, Wu MC, Lo TM, Volanakis JE, Loos M. Isolation and partial characterization of a polysaccharide in ant venom (Pseudomyrmex sp.) that activates the classical complement pathway. Mol Immunol 1979; 16:253-64. [PMID: 226868 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(79)90064-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Pan YT, Mitchell M, Elbein AD. Studies on the trehalose-phosphate synthase of Mycobacterium smegmatis: binding of heparin to the enzyme. Arch Biochem Biophys 1978; 186:392-400. [PMID: 637569 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(78)90450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Elbein AD, Pan YT. Protein: polyanion interactions. Studies on the trehalose-P synthetase as a model system. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1977; 86A:391-404. [PMID: 144431 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3282-4_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Srinivasan SR, Radhakrishnamurthy B, Berenson GS. Studies on the interaction of heparin with serum lipoproteins in the presence of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+. Arch Biochem Biophys 1975; 170:334-40. [PMID: 169748 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(75)90125-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Srinivasan SR, Radhakrishnamurthy B, Pargaonkar PS, Berenson GS, Dolan P. Lipoprotein-acid mucopolysaccharide complexes of human atherosclerotic lesions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 388:58-70. [PMID: 164943 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(75)90062-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein-acid mucopolysaccharide complexes occurring in different types of human atherosclerotic lesions were isolated and partially characterized. Complexes from fatty streaks and fibrous plaques were extracted from pooled tissues with 0.15 M NaCl, purified by gel filtration, and fractionated by ultracentrifugation. Both low and very low density lipoproteins were present; low density lipoprotein was predominant. The complexes were analyzed for uronic acid, cholesterol, phospholipid, and Ca-2+ contents; there was no significant difference in the relative molar ratios between complexes from fatty streaks and fibrous plaques. Acid mucopolysaccharides were isolated from the complexes and identified by electrophoresis and enzymatic studies. Chondroitin sulfate C and hyaluronic acid were found in complexes from fatty streaks and fibrous plaques. Heparin was detected only in fibrous plaques.
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Sternberg M, Hershberger D. Separation of proteins with polyacrylic acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1974; 342:195-206. [PMID: 4856862 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(74)90121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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41
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Srinivasan SR, Dolan P, Radhakrishnamurthy B, Berenson GS. Isolation of lipoprotein-acid mucopolysaccharide complexes from fatty streaks of human aortas. Atherosclerosis 1972; 16:95-104. [PMID: 4341722 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(72)90012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Nakagaki M, Sano Y. Light-scattering Studies of the Interaction of Sodium Chondroitin Sulfate C with Bovine Serum Albumin. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1972. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.45.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Iverius PH. The Interaction between Human Plasma Lipoproteins and Connective Tissue Glycosaminoglycans. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Srinivasan SR, Dolan P, Radhakrishnamurthy B, Berenson GS. Isolation of lipoprotein-acid mucopolysaccharide complexes from fatty streaks of human aorta. PREPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1972; 2:83-91. [PMID: 4336331 DOI: 10.1080/00327487208061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Dalferes ER, Ruiz H, Kumar V, Radhakrishnamurthy B, Berenson GS. Acid mucopolysaccharides of fatty streaks in young, human male aortas. Atherosclerosis 1971; 13:121-31. [PMID: 4252018 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(71)90013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Srinivasan SR, Lopez A, Radhakrishnamurthy B, Berenson GS. Complexing of serum pre-beta and beta-lipoproteins and acid mucopolysaccharides. Atherosclerosis 1970; 12:321-34. [PMID: 5497520 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9150(70)90036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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48
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Day CE, Voet RL, Levy RS. Elimination of low-density lipoprotein-polyanion interaction by amino modifications. FEBS Lett 1970; 7:41-43. [PMID: 11947426 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(70)80613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C E. Day
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 40202, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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