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Wolke C, Gürtler S, Peter D, Weingärtner J, Domanska G, Lendeckel U, Schild L. Vitamin B6 deficiency in new born rats affects hepatic cardiolipin composition and oxidative phosphorylation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1619-1628. [PMID: 31752529 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219889880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B6 deficiency during pregnancy translates into a severe vitamin B6 deficiency (plasma levels decreased by 97%) in new-born rats. Further, hallmarks are increased (+89%) concentrations of homocysteine, gross changes in gene methylation and expression, and metabolic alterations including lipid metabolism. This study focuses on determining the effects of vitamin B6-deficiency on cardiolipin composition and oxidative phosphorylation in liver. For this purpose, hepatic cardiolipin composition was analyzed by means of LC/MS/MS, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption was determined by using a Clark-type electrode in a rat model of vitamin B6 deficiency. Liver mitochondria from new-born rats with pre-term vitamin B6 deficiency responded with substantial alterations in cardiolipin composition that include the following changes in the amounts of cardiolipin incorporated fatty acids: increase in C16, decrease in C18, decrease in saturated fatty acid, as well as increase in amount of oxidized cardiolipin species. These changes were accompanied by significantly decreased capacity of oxidative phosphorylation. In conclusion, vitamin B6 deficiency in new born rats induces massive alterations of cardiolipin composition and function of liver mitochondria. These findings support the importance of sufficient periconceptional supply of vitamin B6 to prevent vitamin B6 deficiency.Impact statementVitamin B6 (VitB6) is an active co-enzyme for more than 150 enzymes and is required for a great diversity of biosynthesis and metabolic reactions. There is an increased need for VitB6 during pregnancy and sufficient supply of VitB6 is crucial for the prevention of cleft palate and neural tube defects. We show that liver mitochondria from new-born rats with pre-term VitB6 deficiency respond with substantial alterations in cardiolipin (CL) composition and in the amount of oxidized CL species. These changes are associated with a decrease in the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. The results of this study support the significance of sufficient supply of VitB6 during pregnancy (and periconceptional) for diminishing the number of early abortions and minimizing malformation. The established link between VitB6 deficiency, CL composition, and mitochondrial respiration/energy production provides mechanistic insight as to how the VitB6 deficiency translates into the known pathophysiological and clinically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Wolke
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald D-17475, Germany
| | - Sarah Gürtler
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald D-17475, Germany
| | - Daniela Peter
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg D-39120, Germany
| | - Jens Weingärtner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald D-17489, Germany
| | - Grazyna Domanska
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald D-17475, Germany
| | - Uwe Lendeckel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald D-17475, Germany
| | - Lorenz Schild
- Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg D-39120, Germany
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Paul L, Ueland PM, Selhub J. Mechanistic perspective on the relationship between pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and inflammation. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:239-44. [PMID: 23550784 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of inflammatory disease conditions have been found to be associated with low levels of plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6 , without any indication of a lower dietary intake of vitamin B6 , excessive catabolism of the vitamin, or congenital defects in its metabolism. The present review was conducted to examine the existing literature in this regard. Current evidence suggests that the inverse association between plasma PLP and inflammation may be the result of mobilization of this coenzyme to the site of inflammation, for use by the PLP-dependent enzymes of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation, metabolism of the immunomodulatory sphingolipids, ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate, and for serine hydroxymethylase for immune cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligi Paul
- JM USDA HNRC, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA
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Rimington C. Porphyrin and haem biosynthesis and its control. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA. SUPPLEMENTUM 2009; 445:11-24. [PMID: 5220049 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1966.tb02334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Atamna H, Frey WH. Mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and energy deficiency in Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondrion 2007; 7:297-310. [PMID: 17625988 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2007.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated aberrations in the Electron Transport Complexes (ETC) and Krebs (TCA) cycle in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. Optimal activity of these key metabolic pathways depends on several redox active centers and metabolites including heme, coenzyme Q, iron-sulfur, vitamins, minerals, and micronutrients. Disturbed heme metabolism leads to increased aberrations in the ETC (loss of complex IV), dimerization of APP, free radical production, markers of oxidative damage, and ultimately cell death all of which represent key cytopathologies in AD. The mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD is controversial. The observations that Abeta is found both in the cells and in the mitochondria and that Abeta binds with heme may provide clues to this mechanism. Mitochondrial Abeta may interfere with key metabolites or metabolic pathways in a manner that overwhelms the mitochondrial mechanisms of repair. Identifying the molecular mechanism for how Abeta interferes with mitochondria and that explains the established key cytopathologies in AD may also suggest molecular targets for therapeutic interventions. Below we review recent studies describing the possible role of Abeta in altered energy production through heme metabolism. We further discuss how protecting mitochondria could confer resistance to oxidative and environmental insults. Therapies targeted at protecting mitochondria may improve the clinical outcome of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Atamna
- Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA 94609-1673, USA.
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Ames BN, Atamna H, Killilea DW. Mineral and vitamin deficiencies can accelerate the mitochondrial decay of aging. Mol Aspects Med 2005; 26:363-78. [PMID: 16102804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2005.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial oxidative decay, which is a major contributor to aging, is accelerated by many common micronutrient deficiencies. One major mechanism is inhibition of the pathway of heme biosynthesis in mitochondria, which causes a deficit of heme-a. Heme-a, only found in Complex IV, is selectively diminished, resulting in oxidant leakage and accelerated mitochondrial decay, which leads to DNA damage, neural decay, and aging. We emphasize those deficiencies, which appear to cause damage through this mechanism, particularly minerals such as iron (25% of menstruating women ingest <50% of the RDA) or zinc (10% of the population ingest <50% of the RDA). Several vitamin deficiencies, such as biotin or pantothenic acid, also increase mitochondrial oxidants through this mechanism. Additionally, other minerals such as magnesium and manganese that play a role in mitochondrial metabolism, but do not affect heme directly, are discussed. An optimum intake of micronutrients could tune up metabolism and give a marked increase in health, particularly for the poor, elderly, and obese, at little cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce N Ames
- Nutrition, Metabolisms and Genomics Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, U States.
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GIBSON KD, MATTHEW M, NEUBERGER A, TAIT GH. Biosynthesis of porphyrins and chlorophylls. Nature 1998; 192:204-8. [PMID: 13898421 DOI: 10.1038/192204a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The effects of vitamin B6 status and lead (Pb) toxicity on aspects of glutathione (GSH) metabolism in rats were examined in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment. The administration of 2000 ppm Pb as Pb acetate.3H2O significantly (P less than 0.05) increased hepatic GSH levels in rats receiving B6-adequate (+B6) but decreased GSH in rats fed B6-deficient (-B6) diets. The addition of Pb to the +B6 diet also increased hepatic glutathione reductase (GSSG-R) activity. Plasma pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), cystathionine and valine levels were decreased by the -B6 diets independent of the presence of Pb. Plasma arginine, alanine, serine and proline levels were increased by Pb in both -B6 and +B6 groups. Glycine levels were increased in -B6 rats only in the absence of Pb while taurine was decreased by Pb only in +B6 rats. There were significant -B6 x Pb interactions for hepatic GSH, cysteine and GSSG-R as well as plasma valine, glycine and proline. These results suggest an influence of B6 status on Pb-induced changes in hepatic GSH, possibly through its role as a co-factor for enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McGowan
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
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Abstract
Evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that the toxicity of mercury is at least partly due to its combination with coenzyme A and resultant interference in CoASH functions.
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Abstract
The erythroid colony forming unit assay technique was used to study the inhibitory effect of benzene on mouse bone marrow cell culture in vitro. The ability of vitamin B6 to prevent benzene-induced inhibition of erythroid colony formation was also tested. At concentrations equal to or higher than the lowest inhibitory concentration of benzene, pyridoxine HCl significantly prevented benzene-induced inhibition of erythroid colony formation in vitro. However, when benzene concentration was higher, the added pyridoxine HCl was ineffective in preventing benzene-induced inhibition of erythroid colony formation in vitro, even when it was preincubated with the bone marrow cells for 30 minutes prior to adding benzene. On the basis of this finding, it is proposed that benzene-induced inhibition of erythroid colony formation may involve two different mechanisms, one of which involves interaction with vitamin B6 added as pyridoxine HCl.
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Whitehead CC, Maxwell MH, Pearson RA, Herron KM. Influence of egg storage on hatchability, embryonic development and vitamin status in hatching broiler chicks. Br Poult Sci 1985; 26:221-8. [PMID: 4005640 DOI: 10.1080/00071668508416807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Storage of eggs for 14 d prior to incubation depressed hatchability by 10%. Most of the increase in embryonic mortality (64%) occurred during the first week of incubation, with a further 30% taking place during the third week. Chicks hatching from stored eggs did not show any increased incidence of physical abnormalities characteristic of vitamin deficiencies. Chicks from stored eggs showed haematological abnormalities characteristic of mild macrocytic anaemia. Such changes can result from deficiencies of folic acid or cobalamin. Biochemical and haematological data did not suggest impairments in the status of the chicks with respect to a range of other vitamins.
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Kamihara T, Nakamura I. Regulation of respiration and its related metabolism by vitamin B1 and vitamin B6 in Saccharomyces yeasts. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1984; 29:35-82. [PMID: 6437158 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Cook RJ, Tse J, Piper WN. Assay, properties, and regulation of rat ovarian delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 1982; 216:593-9. [PMID: 7114852 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(82)90248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Tofilon PJ, Piper WN. Measurement and regulation of rat testicular delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 1980; 201:104-9. [PMID: 7396491 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(80)90492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Eriksen L, Thune PO. Urinary excretion of porphyrins in two cases of porphyria cutanea tarda during a period of various treatments. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1978; 38:273-7. [PMID: 307270 DOI: 10.1080/00365517809108423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The urinary excretion of porphyrins in two cases of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) has been followed during a period in which various treatments have been tried. In one patient pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P-5-P) injections lead to a dramatic increase in porphyrin excretion. In another P-5-P treatment was followed by a significant decrease in porphyrin excretion. p-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) apparently had no effect on porphyrin excretion, while repeated phlebotomies had the expected effect. In both patients all variations in the total amount of porphyrins excreted were almost exclusively due to the variations in the amounts of heptacarboxylic porphyrin type III and uroporphyrin I. A secondary finding was an increase in hexa- and penta-carboxylic porphyrins type III without a concomitant increase in coproporphyrin III.
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Nakamura I, Nishikawa Y, Kamihara T, Fukui S. Respiratory deficiency in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 4228 caused by thiamine and its prevention by pyridoxine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1974; 59:771-6. [PMID: 4369146 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(74)80046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sifri M, Daghir NJ, Asmar JA. Serum aminotransferase activities and plasma free amino acid concentration as criteria for pyridoxine nutritional status of chicks. Br J Nutr 1972; 28:173-82. [PMID: 5071681 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19720023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kader MM, Zaki AH, Emara SH, el-Mofty A, Nada MM. Porphyrin metabolism in pellagra. EXPERIENTIA 1971; 27:637-8. [PMID: 5556438 DOI: 10.1007/bf02136932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Weintraub LR, Conrad ME, Crosby WH. Iron-loading anemia. Treatment with repeated phlebotomies and pyridoxine. N Engl J Med 1966; 275:169-76. [PMID: 5938865 DOI: 10.1056/nejm196607282750401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ladner HA, Schröder K, Petres J. [On the influence of pyridoxal-5-phosphate on decarboxylase depending metabolic disorders]. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 1966; 53:311-2. [PMID: 5986217 DOI: 10.1007/bf00712231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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BARRY WE. Clinical Disorders of Iron Utilization. Postgrad Med 1965; 37:284-91. [PMID: 14256522 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.1965.11696771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pyridoxine-Responsive Anemia—Prototype and Variations on the Theme. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 1964. [DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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OKA M, LEPPANEN VV. Xanthurenic acid excretion studies in anemic and non-anemic carriers of the fish tapeworm. ACTA MEDICA SCANDINAVICA 1962; 171:733-6. [PMID: 14481461 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1962.tb04238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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BISHOP RC, BETHELL FH. Hereditary hypochromic anemia with transfusion hemosiderosis treated with pyridoxine: report of a case. N Engl J Med 1959; 261:486-9. [PMID: 13801004 DOI: 10.1056/nejm195909032611004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Schulman MP, Richert DA. The Oxidation of Glycine and Formate to CO2 by Rat Liver Homogenates. J Biol Chem 1959. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)69925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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SNELL EE. Chemical Structure in Relation to Biological Activities of Vitamin B6. VITAMINS & HORMONES 1958; 16:77-125. [PMID: 13625598 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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