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Dasgupta A, Khalil S, Paddock T, Wahed A. Technical Note: Bimodal Negative Interference of Biotin in Roche IL-6 Immunoassay. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2022; 52:161-163. [PMID: 35181630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin -6 (IL-6) is an important diagnostic test in COVID-19 patients to determine whether to initiate tocilizumab therapy or mechanical ventilation. We investigated potential interference of biotin in Roche IL-6 assay which utilizes biotinylated antibody. METHODS We prepared three serum pools from left-over specimens which showed IL-6 values over 40 pg/mL. Then aliquots of each serum pool were further supplemented with various amounts of biotin expected in patients taking biotin supplement and then IL-6 values were measured again using Roche IL-6 assay on the Cobas e411 analyzer. RESULTS We observed negative interference of biotin in IL-6 assay but interference was bimodal as maximum negative interference was observed with 100 ng/mL biotin but not with 1000 ng/mL. However, no interference was observed in the presence of 25 ng/mL biotin. CONCLUSIONS Biotin showed negative interference with IL-6 assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, USA
| | - Samir Khalil
- Laboratory Services, Memorial-Hermann Hospital at Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tiffany Paddock
- Laboratory Services, Memorial-Hermann Hospital at Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amer Wahed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, USA
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2
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Rodrigo J, Bullock H, Mumma BE, Kasapic D, Tran N. The prevalence of elevated biotin in patient cohorts presenting for routine endocrinology, sepsis, and infectious disease testing. Clin Biochem 2021; 99:118-121. [PMID: 34736902 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Elevated blood biotin levels may interfere with some biotin-streptavidin immunoassays, used in clinical laboratories to aid diagnosis. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of elevated blood biotin levels in three at risk patient cohorts, where misclassification of disease status would have a high clinical impact. This retrospective, single-center study screened residual, de-identified plasma samples (N = 700) from adult patients undergoing routine thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (n = 500), procalcitonin (PCT) (n = 100), or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (n = 100) testing using the Elecsys® BRAHMS PCT (Roche Diagnostics), Access TSH (3rd IS) (Beckman Coulter Inc), and ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo (Abbott Laboratories) immunoassays, respectively, for elevated levels of biotin (quantified by gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry). Patients taking biotin supplements were included and dosages recorded from medical records. In the overall study cohort, blood biotin levels ranged 0.1-21.3 ng/mL; 44.3% (310/700) of samples were < 1 ng/mL, 54.7% (383/700) were 1-<10 ng/mL, and 1% (7/700) were ≥ 10 ng/mL. The sub-cohorts had similar ranges of biotin levels: 0.5-21.3 ng/mL (TSH), 0.1-12.1 ng/mL (PCT), and 0.3-7.3 ng/mL (HIV). In the 44 patients (6.3% of overall study cohort) who were documented as taking biotin supplements (range of doses, 2.5-10 mg/day), blood biotin levels ranged 0.9-21.3 ng/mL; 2.3% (1/44) of samples were < 1 ng/mL, 86.4% (38/44) were 1-<10 ng/mL, and 11.4% (5/44) were ≥ 10 ng/mL. Most patients who reported taking biotin supplements had blood biotin levels ≥ 1 ng/mL and the highest blood biotin level detected was 21.3 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Rodrigo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2315 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Hannah Bullock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2315 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Bryn E Mumma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Dusanka Kasapic
- Roche Diagnostics International Ltd, Centralised and Point of Care Solutions, Forrenstrasse 2, 6343 Rotkreuz, Switzerland
| | - Nam Tran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2315 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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Dasgupta A, Khalil S. Effect of Biotin on Cardiac Troponin I and High Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Assays on Vista 1500 and ADVIA Centaur Analyzer. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2021; 51:102-105. [PMID: 33653787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biotin interferes with biotinylated antibody based immunoassays. We investigated effect of biotin on conventional troponin I and two high sensitivity troponin I assays, all manufactured by Siemens. MATERIALS AND METHODS One high sensitivity troponin I assay (TNIH-1) was run using ADVIA Centaur analyzer. The second high sensitivity troponin I assay (TNIH-2) as well as conventional troponin I assay (CTNI) were run using Dimension Vista 1500 analyzer. We analyzed 25 specimens using CTNI, TNIH-1 and TNIH-2 assays for comparison of these assays. Moreover, serum pools prepared from additional specimens containing various amounts of troponin I were further supplemented with biotin to achieve biotin concentrations between 50 and 1000 ng/mL followed by reanalysis using CTNI, TNIH-1 and TNIH-2 assays. RESULTS Although both high sensitivity troponin I assays correlated well, there was a significant positive bias with TNIH-2. We observed no significant negative biotin interference at a level up to 250 ng/mL. Highest observed negative bias was 29.7%. CONCLUSIONS All three troponin I assays were free from biotin interferences up to a biotin concentration of 250 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston and Clinical Laboratories, Memorial-Hermann Hospital at Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samir Khalil
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston and Clinical Laboratories, Memorial-Hermann Hospital at Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Vroemen WHM, van Doorn WPTM, Kimenai DM, Wodzig WKWH, de Boer D, Bekers O, Meex SJR. Biotin interference in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T testing: a real-world evaluation in acute cardiac care. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1950-1951. [PMID: 31665256 PMCID: PMC9186258 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wim H M Vroemen
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maastricht
University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University,
Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - William P T M van Doorn
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maastricht
University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University,
Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien M Kimenai
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maastricht
University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University,
Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Will K W H Wodzig
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maastricht
University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University,
Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe de Boer
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maastricht
University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University,
Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Otto Bekers
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maastricht
University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University,
Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Steven J R Meex
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Maastricht
University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University,
Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Tel: +31 (0)43-387 4709; fax: +31
(0)840-003 8525, E-mail:
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Wolf B. High doses of biotin can interfere with immunoassays that use biotin-strept(avidin) technologies: Implications for individuals with biotin-responsive inherited metabolic disorders. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 127:321-324. [PMID: 31320189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barry Wolf
- Division of Genetics, Birth Defects and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E. Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America.
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Dasgupta A, Belousova T, Bourgeois L, Wahed A. Taking Advantage of Assay Harmonization, Biotin Interference in the LOCI Digoxin Assay Could Be Eliminated by Using the ADVIA Centaur Digoxin Assay. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2018; 48:614-617. [PMID: 30373866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biotin at elevated concentration interferes with immunoassays that utilize biotin in assay design. We earlier reported interference of biotin in the luminescent oxygen channeling assay (LOCI) digoxin assay which utilizes biotinylated antibody against digoxin. However, the ADVIA Centaur digoxin assay, also manufactured by Siemens Diagnostics, does not utilize biotin in assay design. We hypothesized that if the LOCI and the ADVIA Centaur digoxin assay are harmonized, then interference of biotin in the LOCI digoxin assay could be eliminated by using the ADVIA Centaur digoxin assay. We analyzed 25 specimens from patients receiving digoxin using both assays to investigate harmonization between these two assays. Then aliquots of drug-free serum pool were supplemented with various biotin concentrations (range: 10 ng/mL to 2000 ng/mL) followed by measuring apparent digoxin levels using the ADVIA Centaur digoxin assay. In another set of experiments, aliquots of a serum digoxin pool were supplemented with biotin (10-2000 ng/mL) and digoxin concentrations were measured by the ADVIA Centaur digoxin assay. We observed an excellent correlation between digoxin values obtained by the LOCI digoxin assay (reference method) and the ADVIA Centaur digoxin assay (y= 1.0514 x+0.1083, r=0.99) indicating that both assays are harmonized. We did not observe any interference of biotin even at a highly elevated concentration of 2000 ng/mL with the ADVIA Centaur digoxin assay. We conclude that taking advantage of assay harmonization, interference of biotin in the LOCI digoxin assay can be eliminated by using the ADVIA Centaur digoxin assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amitava Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston and Laboratory Services, Memorial-Hermann Hospital at Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tatiana Belousova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston and Laboratory Services, Memorial-Hermann Hospital at Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laverne Bourgeois
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston and Laboratory Services, Memorial-Hermann Hospital at Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amer Wahed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston and Laboratory Services, Memorial-Hermann Hospital at Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Katzman BM, Lueke AJ, Donato LJ, Jaffe AS, Baumann NA. Prevalence of biotin supplement usage in outpatients and plasma biotin concentrations in patients presenting to the emergency department. Clin Biochem 2018; 60:11-16. [PMID: 30036510 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several cases of biotin interference with laboratory testing have been reported in the literature. However, there are no publications discussing the extent of biotin use or plasma concentrations observed among the patient population. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of biotin consumption using two distinct methods: surveying the outpatient population using a questionnaire and quantifying biotin in plasma samples collected from patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). METHODS Survey questionnaires (n = 4000) were distributed to Mayo Clinic outpatients over one week (July 10-14, 2017). Biotin was quantified in residual waste plasma samples collected for physician-ordered electrolyte panels from patients presenting to the ED (March 6-12, 2017 and March 26-April 4, 2017, n = 1442 unique patient samples). RESULTS 1944 patients (972 female, 963 male, 9 no answer) with a median (interquartile range) age of 62 (49-72) years returned completed questionnaires (48.6%). From the completed surveys, 7.7% (95% CI, 6.6-8.9%) indicated biotin use. Quantitation of biotin in plasma samples from ED patients (n = 1442) revealed that 7.4% (95% CI, 6.2-8.9%) had concentrations at or above the lowest known threshold (10 ng/mL) for biotin interference in Roche Diagnostics immunoassay tests. CONCLUSIONS According to our survey results, reported use of biotin was common. The range of biotin concentrations in ED patient samples highlights the magnitude of the biotin interference problem and identifies a population at risk for potential harm. These findings should guide laboratorians and clinicians in developing effective strategies to mitigate safety risks and in assessing biotin usage trends within their own patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke M Katzman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Alan J Lueke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Leslie J Donato
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Allan S Jaffe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Nikola A Baumann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate alterations in serum metabolites of transition dairy cows affected by biotin (BIO) and nicotinamide (NAM) supplementation. A total of 40 multiparous Holsteins were paired and assigned randomly within a block to one of the following four treatments: control (T0), 30 mg/day BIO (TB), 45 g/day NAM (TN), and 30 mg/day BIO + 45 g/day NAM (TB+N). Supplemental BIO and NAM were drenched on cows from 14 days before the expected calving date. Gas chromatography time-of-flight/mass spectrometry was used to analyze serum samples collected from eight cows in every groups at 14 days after calving. In comparison to T0, TB, TN, and TB+N had higher serum glucose concentrations, while non-esterified fatty acid in TN and TB+N and triglyceride in TB+N were lower. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate was significantly increased in TB+N. Both TN and TB+N had higher glutathione and lower reactive oxygen species. Moreover, TB significantly increased inosine and guanosine concentrations, decreased β-alanine, etc. Certain fatty acid concentrations (including linoleic acid, oleic acid, etc.) were significantly decreased in both TN and TB+N. Some amino acid derivatives (spermidine in TN, putrescine and 4-hydroxyphenylethanol in TB+N, and guanidinosuccinic acid in both TN and TB+N) were affected. Correlation network analysis revealed that the metabolites altered by NAM supplementation were more complicated than those by BIO supplementation. These findings showed that both BIO and NAM supplementation enhanced amino acid metabolism and NAM supplementation altered biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. The improved oxidative status and glutathione metabolism further indicated the effect of NAM on oxidative stress alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyan Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yangchun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjiang Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
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9
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Gifford JL, Sadrzadeh SMH, Naugler C. Biotin interference: Underrecognized patient safety risk in laboratory testing. Can Fam Physician 2018; 64:370. [PMID: 29760259 PMCID: PMC5951654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Gifford
- Clinical biochemistry fellow in the Clinical Biochemistry Section for Calgary Laboratory Services and in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Calgary in Alberta
| | - S M Hossein Sadrzadeh
- Chief of the Clinical Biochemistry Section for Calgary Laboratory Services and Clinical Professor in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Calgary
| | - Christopher Naugler
- Associate Professor and Head of the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Calgary and Calgary Laboratory Services
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Yuasa M, Matsui T, Ando S, Ishii Y, Sawamura H, Ebara S, Watanabe T. Consumption of a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet (the ketogenic diet) exaggerates biotin deficiency in mice. Nutrition 2013; 29:1266-70. [PMID: 24012088 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin that acts as a cofactor for several carboxylases. The ketogenic diet, a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet, is used to treat drug-resistant epilepsy and promote weight loss. In Japan, the infant version of the ketogenic diet is known as the "ketone formula." However, as the special infant formulas used in Japan, including the ketone formula, do not contain sufficient amounts of biotin, biotin deficiency can develop in infants who consume the ketone formula. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the ketogenic diet on biotin status in mice. METHODS Male mice (N = 32) were divided into the following groups: control diet group, biotin-deficient (BD) diet group, ketogenic control diet group, and ketogenic biotin-deficient (KBD) diet group. Eight mice were used in each group. RESULTS At 9 wk, the typical symptoms of biotin deficiency such as hair loss and dermatitis had only developed in the KBD diet group. The total protein expression level of biotin-dependent carboxylases and the total tissue biotin content were significantly decreased in the KBD and BD diet groups. However, these changes were more severe in the KBD diet group. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that the ketogenic diet increases biotin bioavailability and consumption, and hence, promotes energy production by gluconeogenesis and branched-chain amino acid metabolism, which results in exaggerated biotin deficiency in biotin-deficient mice. Therefore, biotin supplementation is important for mice that consume the ketogenic diet. It is suggested that individuals that consume the ketogenic diet have an increased biotin requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yuasa
- Department of Dietary Environment Analysis, School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan.
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Chen T, Hedman L, Mattila PS, Jartti L, Jartti T, Ruuskanen O, Söderlund-Venermo M, Hedman K. Biotin IgM antibodies in human blood: a previously unknown factor eliciting false results in biotinylation-based immunoassays. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42376. [PMID: 22879954 PMCID: PMC3411747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotin is an essential vitamin that binds streptavidin or avidin with high affinity and specificity. As biotin is a small molecule that can be linked to proteins without affecting their biological activity, biotinylation is applied widely in biochemical assays. In our laboratory, IgM enzyme immuno assays (EIAs) of µ-capture format have been set up against many viruses, using as antigen biotinylated virus like particles (VLPs) detected by horseradish peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin. We recently encountered one serum sample reacting with the biotinylated VLP but not with the unbiotinylated one, suggesting in human sera the occurrence of biotin-reactive antibodies. In the present study, we search the general population (612 serum samples from adults and 678 from children) for IgM antibodies reactive with biotin and develop an indirect EIA for quantification of their levels and assessment of their seroprevalence. These IgM antibodies were present in 3% adults regardless of age, but were rarely found in children. The adverse effects of the biotin IgM on biotinylation-based immunoassays were assessed, including four inhouse and one commercial virus IgM EIAs, showing that biotin IgM do cause false positivities. The biotin can not bind IgM and streptavidin or avidin simultaneously, suggesting that these biotin-interactive compounds compete for the common binding site. In competitive inhibition assays, the affinities of biotin IgM antibodies ranged from 2.1×10−3 to 1.7×10−4 mol/L. This is the first report on biotin antibodies found in humans, providing new information on biotinylation-based immunoassays as well as new insights into the biomedical effects of vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
Biotinidase deficiency is a biotin-responsive, inherited neurocutaneous disorder. The disorder is readily treatable and is screened for in the newborn period. Over the years since the discovery of the disorder, many practical questions and issues have been raised as to the diagnosis, management, treatment, and newborn screening of the disorder. In this paper, many of these issues are addressed using evidence-based medicine and anecdotal experiences. If adequate answers are not known, the answers to these queries will require future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Wolf
- Department of Medical Genetics, Henry Ford Hospital, 3031 West Grand Blvd., Suite 700, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Báez-Saldaña A, Camacho-Arroyo I, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ, Neri-Gómez T, Rojas-Ochoa A, Guerra-Araiza C, Larrieta E, Vital P, Díaz G, Chavira R, Fernandez-Mejia C. Biotin deficiency and biotin excess: effects on the female reproductive system. Steroids 2009; 74:863-9. [PMID: 19540254 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biotin deficiency and biotin excess have both been found to affect reproduction and cause teratogenic effects. In the reproductive tract, however, the effects of biotin have not been well established yet. We investigated the effects of varying biotin content diets on the oestrus cycle, ovarian morphology, estradiol and progesterone serum levels, and the uterine mRNA abundance of their nuclear receptors, as well as on the activity of the estradiol-degrading group of enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the liver. Three-week-old female BALB/cAnN Hsd mice were fed a biotin-deficient, a biotin-control, or a biotin-supplemented diet (0, 7.2 or 400 micromol of free biotin/kg diet, respectively) over a period of nine weeks. Striking effects were observed in the biotin-deficient group: mice showed arrested estrous cycle on the day of diestrus and changes in ovary morphology. Estradiol serum concentration increased 49.2% in biotin-deficient mice compared to the control group, while the enzymatic activities of CYP1A2 and CYP2B2 increased (P<0.05). The mRNA abundance of nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptors decreased in the biotin-deficient mice. In the biotin-supplemented group we found that, in spite of a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the number of primary and Graafian follicles and in CYP1A2 activities, mice exhibited 105.4% higher serum estradiol concentration than the control group. No changes in the expression of the nuclear receptors were observed. No significant differences were observed in serum progesterone among the groups. Our results indicate that both the deficiency and the excess of biotin have significant effects on the female mouse reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armida Báez-Saldaña
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
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Abstract
The sheep has served as an informative animal model for investigation of human fetal and newborn erythropoiesis and red blood cell (RBC) kinetics. We previously validated the permanent label (14C)cyanate for measuring red cell volume (RCV) in sheep. Here, we validate biotin labeling of RBCs as a nonradioactive method for measuring RCV in sheep with the anticipation that it can be applied in studies of human infants. The RCV was determined simultaneously using two techniques for quantitation of the biotin label. The first one quantified total blood concentration of biotin label on biotin-labeled RBCs using (125I)streptavidin. The second one enumerated biotin-labeled RBCs by flow cytometry after incubation with fluorescein-conjugated avidin. RCV measurements made using the two biotin quantitation techniques were validated against both (14C)cyanate and 51Cr as reference methods. Both biotin techniques produced RCV values that agreed well with the reference methods and with each other, producing correlation coefficients averaging >or =0.93. Sequential repetitive measurements in the same animal also agreed with the (14C)cyanate method and each other (average difference <10%). These results establish biotin-labeled RBCs as an accurate method for performing RCV measurements in sheep. This biotin method can be applied in studies that model neonatal erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald M Mock
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA.
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Mayne RK, Else RW, Hocking PM. High dietary concentrations of biotin did not prevent foot pad dermatitis in growing turkeys and external scores were poor indicators of histopathological lesions. Br Poult Sci 2007; 48:291-8. [PMID: 17578691 DOI: 10.1080/00071660701370509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. A randomised block experiment was conducted to determine the effects of increasing dietary biotin supplementation (0, 200, 800 and 1600 microg/kg) on macroscopic and histological changes associated with the development of foot pad dermatitis (FPD) in growing turkeys. 2. Each treatment was replicated in 4 pens containing 36 birds at the start of the experiment. The birds were weighed and external foot pads were scored at 2-week intervals from 2 to 14 weeks of age. A blood sample was obtained at the same ages from two birds in each pen and tissue from one foot pad was processed for histological examination. Liver samples were obtained for determination of fat content. 3. Increasing dietary biotin supplementation was associated with higher initial plasma concentrations of biotin but there was no effect on external scores or histopathology of foot pad lesions. FPD increased rapidly from 2 to 6 weeks and remained similar thereafter. There was no effect of dietary biotin on liver fat content. 4. The correlations between external foot pad scores at different ages were all less than 0.4. The correlation between external and histopathological scores was 0.56 and the respective correlations with body weight were 0.52 and 0.65. There were no differences between the body weights of birds with different external scores but high histopathological scores were associated with lower body weights. 5. It was concluded that current recommendations for biotin in wheat-soy rations for growing turkeys are adequate for normal growth and development and that higher supplements of biotin in these experimental conditions did not prevent the occurrence of FPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Mayne
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Roslin Institute, Midlothian
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16
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Stratton SL, Bogusiewicz A, Mock MM, Mock NI, Wells AM, Mock DM. Lymphocyte propionyl-CoA carboxylase and its activation by biotin are sensitive indicators of marginal biotin deficiency in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84:384-8. [PMID: 16895887 PMCID: PMC1539098 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/84.1.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marginal biotin deficiency may be a human teratogen. A biotin status indicator that is not dependent on renal function may be useful in studies of biotin status during pregnancy. A previous study of experimental biotin deficiency suggested that propionyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (PCC) activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) is a sensitive indicator of biotin status. OBJECTIVE We examined the utility of measuring PCC activity and the activation of PCC by biotin in detecting marginal biotin deficiency. DESIGN Marginal biotin deficiency was induced in 7 adults (3 women) by egg-white feeding for 28 d. Blood and urine were obtained on days 0, 14, and 28 (depletion phase) and 44 and 65 (repletion phase). PBLs were incubated with (activated) or without (control) biotin before PCC assay. The activation coefficient of PCC is the ratio of PCC activity in activated PBLs to that in control PBLs. The significance of differences for all measurements was tested by repeated-measures analysis of variance with Fisher's post hoc test and Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Changes in the urinary excretion of biotin and of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid confirmed that marginal biotin deficiency was successfully induced. By day 14, PCC activity had decreased (P < 0.0001) to below the lower limit of normal in all subjects. By day 28, the activation coefficient of PCC had increased significantly (P = 0.003) and was above the upper limit of normal in 6 of 7 subjects. CONCLUSION PCC activity is the most sensitive indicator of biotin status tested to date. In future pregnancy studies, the use of lymphocyte PCC activity data should prove valuable in the assessment of biotin status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna L Stratton
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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17
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Shibata K, Fukuwatari T, Ohta M, Okamoto H, Watanabe T, Fukui T, Nishimuta M, Totani M, Kimura M, Ohishi N, Nakashima M, Watanabe F, Miyamoto E, Shigeoka S, Takeda T, Murakami M, Ihara H, Hashizume N. Values of water-soluble vitamins in blood and urine of Japanese young men and women consuming a semi-purified diet based on the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2006; 51:319-28. [PMID: 16392702 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.51.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the levels of water-soluble vitamins except for vitamin B6 in the blood and urine of Japanese college male (n = 10) and female (n = 10) students. They consumed for 7 d a semi-purified diet based on Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes to assess the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for water-soluble vitamins and to present some new normal values for blood and urine levels of water-soluble vitamins in Japanese. The blood and the 24-h urine samples were collected on the last day of the experiment and measured. The values of total vitamin B1 in whole blood, total vitamin B2 in whole blood, total cyanocobalamin in serum, total nicotinamide in whole blood, total pantothenic acid in whole blood, total folates in serum, total biotin in serum, and ascorbic acid in plasma were 104+/-17 pmol/mL (mean+/-SD), 216+/-25 pmol/mL, 0.34+/-0.05 pmol/mL, 59.1+/- 5.0 nmol/ mL, 2.45+/-0.37 nmol/mL, 15.6+/-4.6 pmol/mL, 8.3+/-0.5 pmol/mL, and 62+/-10 nmol/mL, respectively, in males, and 90+/-23, 234+/-18, 0.67+/-0.20, 61.9+/-6.0, 2.48+/-0.30, 30.2+/-8.6, 8.4+/-0.3, and 67+/-14, respectively, in females. There was a significant difference in the values of cyanocobalamin and total folates between men and women. The urinary excretion of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, cyanocobalamin, sum of the catabolic metabolites of nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, folates, biotin, and ascorbic acid were 665+/-114 nmol/d, 562+/-325 nmol/d, 93+/-31 pmol/d, 84+/-26 micromol/d, 9.3+/-2.3 micromol/d, 19.4+/-2.8 nmol/d, 83+/-18 pmol/d, and 148+/-51 micromol/d, respectively, in males, and 495+/-212, 580+/-146, 145+/-49, 83+/-19, 16.9+/-1.3, 22.7+/-2.7, 83+/-23, and 140+/-51, respectively, in females. There was a significant difference in the urinary excretion of cyanocobalamin, pantothenic acid and total folates between men and women. These values will be useful for the nutritional assessment of water-soluble vitamins for Japanese, although the examination period was short. In future, an experiment with various age groups and re-evaluation by repeated experiments will provide more accurate values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Shibata
- School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan.
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18
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Abstract
Biotin deficiency is rarely encountered in an infant on weaning from breast and formula feeding. It is characterized by alopecia and scaly, erythematous dermatitis distributed around the body orifices. We report a 5-month-old Japanese infant with typical skin lesions who had been diagnosed as a neonate with dyspepsia and fed only an amino acid formula. Serum and urine levels of biotin were below the normal range, but zinc and biotinidase were within normal range. Urinary excretion of 3-methylcrotonylglycine, 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, and methylcitric acid was significantly elevated. Daily oral supplementation with 1 mg of biotin resulted in dramatic improvement of the periorificial dermatitis and hair growth together with a complete disappearance of the organic aciduria. Our case shows that the characteristic skin manifestations are the most important clue to the diagnosis of biotin deficiency and demonstrated that urinary excretion of biotin and organic aciduria, rather than the serum concentration of biotin, are the sensitive indicators for evaluating the patient's status of biotin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-1092, Japan
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19
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Rosendo O, Staples CR, McDowell LR, McMahon R, Badinga L, Martin FG, Shearer JF, Seymour WM, Wilkinson NS. Effects of Biotin Supplementation on Peripartum Performance and Metabolites of Holstein Cows. J Dairy Sci 2004; 87:2535-45. [PMID: 15328277 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(04)73378-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fifty-two multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to receive 0 or 20 mg of biotin/d starting at an average of 16 d prepartum and then switched to 0 or 30 mg of biotin/d from calving through 70 d postpartum to determine whether supplemental biotin would affect cow performance, hepatic lipidosis, and plasma metabolites. Mean concentration of biotin in plasma sampled weekly was greater in cows fed biotin (4.3 vs. 9.4 nmol/L). Postpartum dry matter intake as a percentage of body weight (3.9% vs. 4.0%), milk production (35.8 vs. 34.8 kg/d), and milk fat concentrations (3.59% vs. 3.69%) were similar between treatment groups. Milk from biotin-supplemented cows tended to have a greater concentration of protein (2.73% vs. 2.83%). Concentrations of plasma nonesterified fatty acids were lower at wk 2 (652 vs. 413 microEq/mL) and 4 (381 vs. 196 microEq/mL) postpartum in cows fed supplemental biotin. However, mean plasma concentrations of beta-hydroxybutyric acid were not affected by biotin supplementation. Mean concentration of plasma glucose was greater for lactating cows fed supplemental biotin (63.4 vs. 66.6 mg/dL). Biopsies of liver were taken at 2, 16, and 30 d postpartum. The triacylglycerol concentration in liver (wet basis) tended to decrease at a faster rate after d 2 postpartum with biotin supplementation compared with control cows. The potential mechanisms that link improved glucose status and decreased lipid mobilization in cows supplemented with biotin warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Rosendo
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA
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20
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Wiedmann S, Rodriguez-Melendez R, Ortega-Cuellar D, Zempleni J. Clusters of biotin-responsive genes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Nutr Biochem 2004; 15:433-9. [PMID: 15219929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Effects of biotin in cell signaling are mediated by transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and Sp1/Sp3 as well as by posttranslational modifications of DNA-binding proteins. These signaling pathways play roles in the transcriptional regulation of numerous genes. Here we tested the hypothesis that biotin-dependent genes are not randomly distributed in the human genome but are arranged in clusters. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from healthy adults before and after supplementation with 8.8 micromol/day biotin for 21 days. Cells were cultured ex vivo with concanavalin A for 3 hours to stimulate gene expression. Abundances of mRNA encoding approximately 14,000 genes were quantified by both DNA microarray and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of 139 genes increased by at least 40% in response to biotin supplementation, whereas the expression of 131 genes decreased by at least 40% in response to biotin supplementation. The following clusters of biotin-responsive genes were identified: 1) 16% of biotin-responsive gene products localized to the cell nucleus; at least 28% of biotin-responsive genes play roles in signal transduction (these findings are consistent with a role for biotin in cell signaling); and 2) of the biotin-responsive genes, 54% clustered on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 11, 12, and 19, whereas no biotin-responsive genes were found on chromosomes 10, 16, 18, 21, and heterosomes. This suggests that position effects play a role in biotin-dependent gene expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that the human genome contains clusters of biotin-dependent genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Wiedmann
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, 316 Ruth Leverton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0806, USA
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21
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Muratsugu M, Muramoto E, Fukui T. Quantitative measurement of biotin-binding immunoglobulin G in human sera using F(ab')2 anti-human IgG-coated multi-well plates. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 26:1605-8. [PMID: 14600410 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.26.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biotin-binding human immunoglobulin G (B-IgG) was quantitatively measured using an F(ab')2anti-human IgG-coated multi-well microplate for the first time. B-IgG was caught by F(ab')2anti-human IgG and was detected by the following detecting reagents: Peroxidase-labeled streptavidin, avidin and peroxidase-biotin, or avidin-biotinylated peroxidase complex with method A, B, or C, respectively. Commercially available B-IgG was detected by all these three methods. However, method A and B could not detect B-IgG in the human sera used in this study, but we quantitatively measured the B-IgG level using method C. The result is probably due to the fact that the sensitivity of method C was higher than that of methods A or B. Properties of B-IgG detected by method C are discussed in the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Muratsugu
- Bioanalytical Science Laboratory, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Osaka Prefecture College of Nursing, Habikino, Osaka, Japan.
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22
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Higuchi H, Maeda T, Nakamura M, Kuwano A, Kawai K, Kasamatsu M, Nagahata H. Effects of biotin supplementation on serum biotin levels and physical properties of samples of solar horn of Holstein cows. Can J Vet Res 2004; 68:93-7. [PMID: 15188952 PMCID: PMC1142151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Effects of dietary biotin supplementation on serum biotin levels and physical properties of sole horn of 40 Holstein cows were evaluated. The mean serum biotin level in biotin-supplemented cows after 10 mo of biotin supplementation (1163.2 +/- 76.2 pg/mL) was significantly higher (P = 0.007) than that in control cows (382.0 +/- 76.2 pg/mL). The sole horn of biotin-supplemented cows was significantly harder (P = 0.026) and had a significantly lower moisture content (P = 0.021) than that of control cows. No morphologic differences in horn tubules or intertubular horn were found between the biotin-supplemented and control cows. The total lipid content of sole horn was significantly higher (P = 0.030) in the biotin-supplemented cows than in the control cows. These results suggest that dietary biotin supplementation causes increases in serum biotin levels and changes in physical properties and fat content of sole horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Higuchi
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 0698501, Japan.
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23
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Peterson TE, McDowell LR, McMahon RJ, Wilkinson NS, Rosendo O, Seymour WM, Henry PR, Martin FG, Shearer JK. Balance and serum concentration of biotin in sheep fed alfalfa meal-based diets with increasing level of concentrate12. J Anim Sci 2004; 82:1165-9. [PMID: 15080339 DOI: 10.2527/2004.8241165x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that serum biotin concentration and biotin balance (consumed - [urinary output + fecal output]) measured as total avidin-binding substances (biotin + biotin metabolites) are responsive to changes in the proportions of dietary alfalfa meal and concentrate fed to sheep. Eight sheep (initial BW = 40 kg) consumed a pelleted alfalfa meal-based diet that had 95:5, 48:52, 23:77, or 9:91% alfalfa meal:concentrate ratios (DM basis) in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square design with 20-d periods (10 d of acclimation, 7 d of adaptation, and a 3-d collection period with jugular blood drawn on the last day). Replacing alfalfa meal with concentrate in the pelleted diets decreased dietary concentrations of biotin proportionally. As the percentage of alfalfa meal in the diet decreased, there was a linear decrease in daily DM intake (1,128 to 901 g of DMI/d; P < 0.01), with a linear (P < 0.01) and quadratic (P < 0.01) increase in the apparent total-tract DM digestibility of diets (51.0 to 80.0%). The biotin consumed decreased with alfalfa meal proportion in the diet (linear, P < 0.01). Both fecal biotin concentration (linear, P < 0.01) and fecal biotin output (quadratic, P < 0.05) increased, reaching peaks at 23% alfalfa meal. Fecal biotin output was not correlated with biotin intake, DMI, or intake of digestible DM. Mean urinary output, urinary biotin concentration, urinary biotin output, and serum biotin concentration were not affected by treatments. Means of biotin balance were negative and revealed the same trends among treatments as did fecal output. Biotin balance was a quadratic (P < 0.05) function of decreasing alfalfa meal in the diet, with more negative values at the alfalfa meal:concentrate ratio of 23:77. Results suggest that the greatest synthesis of biotin in the total digestive tract occurs with diets of either 52 or 77% concentrate for sheep; however, research addressing the significance of biotin metabolites on biotin balance and plasma biotin pool is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Peterson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida-IFAS, Gainesville 32611, USA
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24
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Möslinger D, Mühl A, Suormala T, Baumgartner R, Stöckler-Ipsiroglu S. Molecular characterisation and neuropsychological outcome of 21 patients with profound biotinidase deficiency detected by newborn screening and family studies. Eur J Pediatr 2003; 162 Suppl 1:S46-9. [PMID: 14628140 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-003-1351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Early recognition by newborn screening and oral biotin supplementation may prevent clinical and neurological deficits in profound biotinidase deficiency (residual plasma biotinidase activity <10%). In order to evaluate possible correlations of molecular characteristics, onset and continuation of treatment and clinical outcome, we investigated 21 patients detected by newborn screening and consecutive family investigations. In 18 patients found by newborn screening, the range of biotinidase activities was 0%-9% residual activity. Application of a sensitive HPLC assay enabled us to discriminate five patients with residual biotinidase activities <1%. Two patients with zero activities were homozygous for the G98:d7i3 mutation and three patients with activities <1% carried mutations G98:d7i3, R157H, and Q456H. The mutation spectrum of the remaining patients included T532M, A171T+D444H, V62M,C432W, and D444H. Evaluation of clinical and neuropsychological outcome showed that only patients with biotinidase activities <1% exhibited characteristic clinical symptoms within the first weeks of life whereas five patients with residual activities of 1.2%-4.6% did not develop clinical symptoms even when not treated until 3.5-21 years. In all patients treated with biotin within the first weeks of life, neuropsychological outcome was normal whereas abnormal in three out of five patients tested for IQ and treated after the age of 3.5 years. CONCLUSION The clinical and molecular spectrum of profound biotinidase deficiency is heterogeneous. Early onset of symptoms is predicted by the presence of zero residual activity as measured by sensitive assays and by homozygosity for the G98:d7i3 mutation. In patients with higher residual activities and variable mutational spectrum, correlation with the onset and severity of symptoms cannot be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Möslinger
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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25
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Higuchi H, Maeda T, Kawai K, Kuwano A, Kasamatsu M, Nagahata H. Physiological changes in the concentrations of biotin in the serum and milk and in the physical properties of the claw horn in Holstein cows. Vet Res Commun 2003; 27:407-13. [PMID: 14509455 DOI: 10.1023/a:1024714322087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Physiological changes in the concentrations of biotin in the serum and milk and in the physical properties of the claw horn were examined in Holstein cows. A lower concentration of biotin in the serum and a higher concentration of biotin in milk were found during early and late lactation and during the dry period, and a significant (p<0.05) inverse correlation was found between serum and milk biotin concentrations. A high moisture content and a low level of hardness of the claw horn were found during mid-lactation. Our results indicate that change in the serum biotin concentration probably results from the loss of biotin in the milk of cows during each stage of lactation and also confirm that the moisture content and hardness of the claw horn undergo physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Higuchi
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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Lewis MR, Wang M, Axworthy DB, Theodore LJ, Mallet RW, Fritzberg AR, Welch MJ, Anderson CJ. In vivo evaluation of pretargeted 64Cu for tumor imaging and therapy. J Nucl Med 2003; 44:1284-92. [PMID: 12902420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pretargeting involves administration of a tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) covalently linked to a molecule having a high-affinity binding site for a rapidly distributed radiolabeled effector molecule. The aim of this study was to compare pretargeting to a conventionally labeled antibody for tumor targeting of the intermediate-lived radionuclide (64)Cu, which has shown promise for PET imaging and radioimmunotherapy of cancer. METHODS DOTA-biotin (where DOTA is 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N",N"'-tetraacetic acid) and the intact immunoconjugate DOTA-NR-LU-10 were labeled to high specific activities with (64)Cu, and the serum stabilities and target binding capabilities of each agent were assayed in vitro. Nude mice bearing SW1222 human colorectal carcinoma xenografts were administered (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin, with and without pretreatment with the mAb-streptavidin conjugate NR-LU-10/SA and the synthetic clearing agent Biotin-GalNAc(16), or injected with (64)Cu-DOTA-NR-LU-10. Biodistributions of both agents were obtained from 5 min to 48 h after injection. RESULTS Both (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin and (64)Cu-DOTA-NR-LU-10 were 100% stable in serum in vitro. (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin exhibited >98% specific binding to immobilized streptavidin, whereas the immunoreactivity of (64)Cu-DOTA-NR-LU-10 averaged nearly 80%. Biodistributions in SW1222-bearing mice showed that NR-LU-10/SA-pretargeted (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin attained a peak tumor uptake of 18.9 percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g) at 1 h, with concomitant rapid disappearance from blood and renal excretion. In the absence of pretargeting, (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin had very similar biodistribution and clearance properties, except with extremely low nonspecific tumor uptake. In contrast, (64)Cu-DOTA-NR-LU-10 reached 80.3 %ID/g in tumor tissue, after 48 h, whereas blood clearance was considerably slower than pretargeted (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin. Comparison of the time-activity curves for tumor uptake and blood clearance of pretargeted (64)Cu and the (64)Cu-labeled antibody revealed that the maximum tumor accumulations of radioactivity were similar for each agent, 17.9 percentage injected activity per gram (%IA/g) and 20.7 %IA/g, respectively. However, the tumor-to-blood ratio of areas under the curves was 14 times higher for pretargeted (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin because of the substantial increase in blood clearance of the small effector molecule. CONCLUSION The extremely rapid tumor uptake and blood clearance of pretargeted (64)Cu-DOTA-biotin should afford markedly superior PET imaging contrast and therapeutic efficacy, compared with conventionally labeled (64)Cu-DOTA-NR-LU-10. Further comparison of the therapeutic efficacy, toxicity, and dosimetry of these 2 agents is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Lewis
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Road, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Biotin is a water-soluble vitamin which plays an important biochemical role in a variety of carboxylase-mediated metabolic reactions. Determination of biotin status for the diagnosis of biotin deficiency is crucial. METHODS We describe a solid-phase protein-binding assay involving [(125)I]iodostreptavidin as a tracer for the determination of biotin in plasma. The assay was conducted in one step by incubation of a fixed amount of [(125)I]iodostreptavidin as binding reagent with varying amounts of biotin, diluted in biotin-free plasma (standard curve) or unknown samples in tubes previously coated with biotin linked to goat antirabbit IgG. Increasing amounts of biotin in the standard or unknown samples in tubes previously coated with biotin occupy more sites on iodostreptavidin, resulting in fewer counts bound to tubes. The effects of the incubation time and temperature on the competitive binding of biotin with iodostreptavidin were tested. RESULTS The detection limit of the plasma assay for biotin was 100 pmol/L. Only 100 microL of plasma were necessary for the assay, which was performed within 6 h. The dilutions of plasma and synthetic biotin gave a parallel response. Plasma biotin levels ranged from 0.49 to 1.33 nmol/L (mean 0.76 nmol/L) in healthy subjects. The intra and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 3.5% and 10%, respectively, at a concentration of 0.27 nmol/L. CONCLUSIONS This assay was suitable for the direct measurement of biotin in human plasma and was robust and sensitive enough for screening for biotin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Harthé
- Service de Radiopharmacie et de Radioanalyse, Centre de Médecine Nucléaire, 59 Blvd Pinel, 69394 Lyon Cedex 03, France
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Ferro-Flores G, Arteaga de Murphy C, Pedraza-López M, Monroy-Guzmán F, Meléndez-Alafort L, Tendilla JI, Jiménez-Varela R. Labeling of biotin with [166Dy]Dy/166Ho as a stable in vivo generator system. Int J Pharm 2003; 255:129-38. [PMID: 12672609 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(03)00052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to synthesize [166Dy]Dy/166Ho-DTPA-Biotin to evaluate its potential as a new radiopharmaceutical for targeted radiotherapy. Dysprosium-166 (166Dy) was obtained by neutron irradiation of enriched 164Dy(2)O(3) in a Triga Mark III reactor. The labeling was carried out in aqueous media at pH 8.0 by addition of [166Dy]DyCl(3) to diethylenetriaminepentaacetic-alpha,omega-bis(biocytinamide) (DTPA-Biotin). Radiochemical purity was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and TLC. The biological integrity of labeled biotin was studied evaluating its avidity for avidin in an agarose column and by size-exclusion HPLC analysis of the radiolabeled DTPA-Biotin with and without the addition of avidin. Stability studies against dilution were carried out by diluting the radiocomplex solution with saline solution and with human serum at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The [166Dy]Dy/166Ho-labeled biotin was obtained with a 99.1+/-0.6% radiochemical purity. In vitro studies demonstrated that [166Dy]Dy/166Ho-DTPA-Biotin is stable after dilution in saline and in human serum and no translocation of the daughter nucleus occurs subsequent to beta(-) decay of 166Dy that could produce release of 166Ho(3+). Avidity of labeled biotin for avidin was not affected by the labeling procedure. Biodistribution studies in normal mice showed that the [166Dy]Dy/166Ho-DTPA-Biotin has a high renal clearance. In conclusion, the radiolabeled biotin prepared in this investigation has adequate properties to work as a stable in vivo generator system for targeted radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ferro-Flores
- Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Km. 36.5 Carretera México-Toluca, Ocoyoacac, Estado de México, C.P. 52045, Mexico.
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Rathman SC, Eisenschenk S, McMahon RJ. The abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes are reduced in rats chronically administered carbamazepine. J Nutr 2002; 132:3405-10. [PMID: 12421859 DOI: 10.1093/jn/132.11.3405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of dietary antiepileptic drug administration on the metabolism and function of the water-soluble vitamin biotin was analyzed in a physiologically relevant rat model of biotin nutriture. Administration of carbamazepine (CBZ) in semipurified rat diet at 1.5 and 2.9 g/kg for 19 d did not reduce growth rate or food intake. After this dietary treatment, brain lactic acid and ammonia concentrations were significantly elevated, but no changes in these metabolites occurred in the liver. Urinary biotin excretion was altered and the concentrations of biotin sulfoxides and biocytin in the serum were elevated. Brain biotin was unaffected, but concentrations of bisnorbiotin and biocytin were significantly reduced by dietary administration of CBZ. The relative abundance of hepatic acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 and 2, pyruvate carboxylase (PC), methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase and propionyl CoA carboxylase was significantly reduced by CBZ, whereas the relative abundance of biotinylated PC was significantly reduced in the brain. In agreement with the carboxylase abundance data, the activity of hepatic PC was significantly reduced in rats consuming CBZ-containing diets. These data demonstrate that administration of the antiepileptic medication CBZ, even with food, reduces the abundance and function of biotin-dependent enzymes in the liver and brain, partially accounting for the metabolic alterations, including organic acidemia, that are observed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Rathman
- Center for Nutritional Sciences, Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences , University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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30
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Sanford MG, Ryan C, Cummings AD, Hunt A, Hackes B. Protocols for identifying drug-nutrient interactions in patients: the role of the dietitian. J Am Diet Assoc 2002; 102:729-30; discussion 730-1. [PMID: 12009003 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90165-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martha G Sanford
- Northwest Louisiana Mental Retardation and Developmental Delayed Long-Term Care Facility, Bossier City, USA
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Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that glucocorticoids alter biotin metabolism. To extend these studies, the effect of dexamethasone on biotin pools was analyzed in rats consuming a purified diet containing a more physiological level of dietary biotin intake (0.06 mg/kg). Acute (5 h) dexamethasone administration (0.5 mg/kg) elicited elevated urinary glucose output as well as elevated urinary biotin excretion and serum biotin. Renal and hepatic free biotin was also significantly elevated by acute dexamethasone administration. Chow-fed rats treated with an acute administration of dexamethasone demonstrated significantly elevated urinary glucose excretion, urinary biotin excretion, and serum biotin, but no change in tissue associated biotin was detected. Chronic administration of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg ip) over 4 days significantly elevated urinary glucose excretion 42% but had no effect on urinary biotin excretion, serum biotin, or hepatic- or renal-associated free biotin. These results demonstrate the existence of potentially novel regulatory pathways for total biotin pools and the possibility that experimental models with high initial biotin status may mask potentially important regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Rathman
- The Center for Nutritional Science and The Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
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32
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Biotinidase is the enzyme responsible for liberating the vitamin biotin from biocytin and dietary protein-bound vitamin. Individuals lacking biotinidase activity become biotin deficient. Because the liver is the major source of plasma biotinidase, chronic liver diseases can lead to decreased serum biotinidase activity and biotin deficiency. The aim of this study is to determine serum biotinidase activity values in children with chronic liver disease and to investigate the relation among enzyme activity, certain liver function tests, and degree of liver damage. METHOD In this study, using a spectrophotometric method, biotinidase activity was determined in sera from 62 children with chronic liver diseases (median age, 9.73 years; range, 8 months to 18 years) and from 27 healthy controls. Diagnoses of the patient group were as follows: noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis B virus infection (n = 12), metabolic liver diseases (n = 16), autoimmune hepatitis (n = 6), intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis (n = 14), fulminant hepatitis (n = 5), cryptogenic cirrhosis n = 5), prehepatic portal hypertension (n = 4). Meanwhile, serum albumin, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase concentrations and prothrombine time were determined for each patient and the results were correlated with serum biotinidase activity. RESULTS There was significant difference between mean enzyme activity of the controls (7.6 +/- 1.2 nmol x min(-1) x mL(-1)) and of all patients with chronic liver disease (6.3 +/- 2.5 nmol x min(-1) x mL(-1)) ( P < 0.05). Serum biotinidase activity in patients with noncirrhotic chronic liver diseases (chronic viral hepatitis, prehepatic portal hypertension, glycogen storage disease, Gaucher disease) was within the normal ranges. However, serum biotinidase activity in patients with cirrhosis and Wilson disease was significantly less than that of the control group ( P < 0.05). The lowest enzyme activities were detected in patients with fulminant hepatitis. CONCLUSION In this study, serum biotinidase activity was significantly lower in patients with cirrhosis, particularly in the patients with decompensated cirrhosis and fulminant hepatitis who exhibited no clinical symptoms related to biotin deficiency. The decreased serum biotinidase activity in chronic liver diseases was associated with severe impairment of hepatocellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Pabuçcuoğlu
- Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Izmir, Turkey.
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Jeong Lee H, Pardridge WM. Drug targeting to the brain using avidin-biotin technology in the mouse; (blood-brain barrier, monoclonal antibody, transferrin receptor, Alzheimer's disease). J Drug Target 2001; 8:413-24. [PMID: 11328667 DOI: 10.3109/10611860008997917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A beta1-40 peptide radiopharmaceuticals could be used to image A beta brain amyloid in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease should the A beta peptide radiopharmaceutical be made transportable through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vivo. The present studies used the RI7-217 rat monoclonal antibody to the mouse transferrin receptor as a BBB drug targeting vector for the delivery to brain of A beta1-40 radiolabeled with either 125-Iodine or 111-Indium. The A beta peptide radiopharmaceutical is conjugated to the RI7 MAb using avidin biotin technology, wherein the A beta1-40 peptide radiopharmaceutical is monobiotinylated (bio) and bound to a conjugate of the RI7 MAb and streptavidin (SA). The [125 I]-bio-A beta1-40 or the [111 In]-bio-A beta1-40 either free or bound to the RI7/SA conjugate was injected intravenously into anesthetized adult mice and plasma pharmacokinetics and organ uptake were measured over the next 60 minutes. The A beta1-40 peptide radiopharmaceutical radiolabeled with 111-Indium was the preferred formulation, compared to peptide labeled with 125-Iodine, because there was a greater metabolic stability and reduced artifactual organ uptake of metabolites associated with the use of the 111-Indium nuclide. However, biotinylated A beta1-40 peptide radiopharmaceuticals conjugated to the RI7/SA brain drug targeting system were metabolically unstable in mice in vivo owing to active biotinidase activity. Future work involving brain drug targeting in mice that utilizes avidin biotin technology will need to incorporate biotin analogues that are resistant to biotinidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Jeong Lee
- Department of Medicine UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, CA 90095-1682, USA
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Zempleni J, Helm RM, Mock DM. In vivo biotin supplementation at a pharmacologic dose decreases proliferation rates of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cytokine release. J Nutr 2001; 131:1479-84. [PMID: 11340103 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.5.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretically, vitamin supplements may either enhance or reduce protein synthesis and proliferation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In the present study, we determined whether administration of a pharmacologic dose of biotin affects proliferation rates of PBMC and cytokine release. Healthy adults (n = 5) ingested 3.1 micromol biotin/d for 14 d; blood and urine were collected pre- and postsupplementation. PBMC were isolated by density gradient and incubated with the mitogen concanavalin A for up to 3 d. At timed intervals during mitogen stimulation, we measured the following: 1) cellular uptake of [(3)H]thymidine to determine proliferation rates; 2) concentrations of various cytokines released into the medium; and 3) the percentages of PBMC subsets as judged by CD surface markers. Biotin supplementation caused a significant decrease of PBMC proliferation. At 2 d after mitogen stimulation, [(3)H]thymidine uptake by postsupplementation PBMC was 66 +/- 21% of the uptake by presupplementation PBMC (P < 0.05). Similarly, concentrations of interleukin-1beta (2 d after mitogen) and interleukin-2 (1 d after mitogen) in media from postsupplementation PBMC were 65 +/- 28% and 44 +/- 23%, respectively, of those for presupplementation PBMC (P < 0.01). Percentages of PBMC subsets were not affected by 14 d of biotin supplementation. Overall, this study provides evidence that administration of pharmacologic doses of biotin for 14 d decreases PBMC proliferation and synthesis of interleukin-1beta and interleukin-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zempleni
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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35
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Wang KS, Kearns GL, Mock DM. The clearance and metabolism of biotin administered intravenously to pigs in tracer and physiologic amounts is much more rapid than previously appreciated. J Nutr 2001; 131:1271-8. [PMID: 11285337 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.4.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of biotin pharmacokinetics and regulation of metabolism is essential for the determination of the biotin requirement for humans. Using Landrace-Cambrough pigs as a model, we initially demonstrated that biotin binding to protein accounts for only a small percentage of the total biotin in plasma. A physiologic amount of [14C]biotin was administered intravenously to three pigs; nine blood samples were collected over 48 h. Plasma concentrations of 14C-labeled metabolites were negligible for the first 2 h after biotin infusion. Disappearance curves of total 14C and of [14C]biotin were similar; both fit a triexponential function consistent with a three-compartment, open model. To characterize the rapid early phase of disappearance more precisely, a physiologic amount of [14C]biotin was administered intravenously to five pigs; eight blood samples were collected over the first hour and 16 total samples over 48 h. Again a triexponential function provided an excellent fit. The mean half-life values (+/- 1 SD) for the three phases were 0.11 +/- 0.07, 1.43 +/- 0.42 and 22 +/- 4 h. The [14C]biotin accumulated primarily in the liver, kidney and muscle. When administered intravenously at tracer doses to three pigs, [3H]biotin exhibited similar early pharmacokinetics; however, substantial quantities of a 3H-labeled metabolite appeared after 1 h. These studies provide evidence that egress of biotin from plasma is more rapid than previously appreciated. The slower second and third phases may represent transport into the cytosol, biotransformation into intermediates and covalent binding to intracellular proteins. Similar pharmacokinetics are likely to be seen in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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36
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Higuchi H, Nagahata H. Relationship between serum biotin concentration and moisture content of the sole horn in cows with clinical laminitis or sound hooves. Vet Rec 2001; 148:209-10. [PMID: 11265999 DOI: 10.1136/vr.148.7.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Higuchi
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetu, Hokkaido, Japan
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37
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Abstract
This study determined the effects of supplemental dietary biotin (0, 10, or 20 mg/d) on performance of Holstein cows (n = 45; 18 primiparous and 27 multiparous). Treatments started at 14 d prepartum and continued until 100 d in milk (DIM). Blood samples were taken at 14 d prepartum, and blood and milk samples were taken at calving, and 30, 60, and 100 DIM. Dry matter intake during lactation was not different across treatments (19.7 kg/d). Milk production linearly increased with biotin supplementation (36.9, 37.8, and 39.7 kg/d for 0, 10, and 20 mg/d of supplemental biotin, respectively). Biotin supplementation did not affect milk fat and true protein percentages or fat yield but linearly increased true protein yield. Supplemental biotin increased concentrations of biotin in plasma and milk at all time points. Concentrations of biotin in plasma and milk (colostrum) at calving were higher than at other time points for cows fed supplemental biotin. In an ancillary experiment, plasma biotin concentrations were not as high when cows were fed 20 mg/d of supplemental biotin for 14 d during the middle of their dry period as when cows were fed 20 mg/d of biotin for the last 14 d of gestation. This suggests that events associated with parturition altered plasma biotin concentrations. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids, and molar proportions of ruminal volatile fatty acids were not affected by biotin supplementation. Biotin supplementation had no effect on change in body weight or condition score. Supplemental biotin linearly increased milk and protein yields, however, the mode of action that caused these increases was not determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Zimmerly
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691, USA
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38
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Mantagos S, Malamitsi-Puchner A, Antsaklis A, Livaniou E, Evangelatos G, Ithakissios DS. Biotin plasma levels of the human fetus. Biol Neonate 2000; 74:72-4. [PMID: 9657671 DOI: 10.1159/000014012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Biotin is an important vitamin for cellular function and growth and, therefore, essential for fetal development. The fetus is exclusively dependent on maternal biotin supply. Since biotin is not produced within the body, maternal biotin levels depend on dietary intake. In order to investigate the biotin status of the human fetus, we measured the plasma biotin levels in 15 pregnant women and their fetuses who underwent amniocentesis and fetal blood sampling at 18-24 weeks of gestation for prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia. Maternal biotin was found to be 131 +/- (SD) 102 ng/l and fetal biotin 784 +/- 327 ng/l (p < 0.0001). Our findings are indicative of an active transport mechanism of biotin through the placenta in favor of the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mantagos
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Patras Medical School, Greece.
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Shahdeo K, Anderson FP, Karnes HT. Post-column reaction detection of biotin in human plasma ultrafiltrate based on laser-induced fluorescence energy transfer in the far-red spectral region. Biomed Chromatogr 2000; 14:311-6. [PMID: 10960830 DOI: 10.1002/1099-0801(200008)14:5<311::aid-bmc988>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High performance liquid chromatography followed by post-column reaction detection in the far-red spectral region provides added sensitivity and selectivity. A homogeneous fluorescence energy transfer assay in the competitive mode based on the binding of biotin and streptavidin was developed as an on-line post-column reaction detection system. The labels used for energy transfer were R-Phycoerythrin conjugated to biotin and Cyanine 5 labeled with streptavidin. The energy transfer peak was measured at 670 nm and excitation was achieved using the 488 nm line of an argon ion laser. The biotin concentration in plasma ultrafiltrate ranged from 0.024 to 6.12 ng/mL (n = 6). The precision of the two controls, 0.24 and 2. 44 ng/mL, was found to be 18.70% and 9.92% relative standard deviation respectively. Accuracy was 10.47% and 1.95% difference from spiked, respectively (n = 6). The limit of detection was 21.70 pg/mL (8.90 x 10(-11)M) calculated based on a factor of 2x the standard deviation of the blank (n = 6). The correlation coefficient for the calibration curve was found to be 0.9995. Recovery from plasma ultrafiltrate at 2.44 ng/mL was 103.40% (n = 6). Detection selectivity was indicated by the absence of background fluorescence in six different plasma samples collected from six individual donors. Endogenous levels were detected in two of the six pools of plasma ultrafiltrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shahdeo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University/Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298-0533, USA
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40
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Livaniou E, Nyalala JO, Anagnostouli M, Papageorgiou C, Evangelatos GP, Ithakissios DS. Determination of biotin levels in cerebrospinal fluid samples. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1999; 21:875-9. [PMID: 10701954 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(99)00175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Livaniou
- Immunopeptide Chemistry Laboratory, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Greece.
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Penichet ML, Kang YS, Pardridge WM, Morrison SL, Shin SU. An antibody-avidin fusion protein specific for the transferrin receptor serves as a delivery vehicle for effective brain targeting: initial applications in anti-HIV antisense drug delivery to the brain. J Immunol 1999; 163:4421-6. [PMID: 10510383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present study a novel Ab-avidin fusion protein has been constructed to deliver biotinylated compounds across the blood brain barrier. This fusion molecule consists of an Ab specific for the transferrin receptor genetically fused to avidin. The Ab-avidin fusion protein (anti-TfR IgG3-CH3-Av) expressed in murine myeloma cells was correctly assembled and secreted and showed both Ab- and avidin-related activities. In animal models, it showed much longer serum half-life than the chemical conjugate between OX-26 and avidin. Most importantly, this fusion protein demonstrated superior [3H]biotin uptake into brain parenchyma in comparison with the chemical conjugate. We also delivered a biotinylated 18-mer antisense peptide-nucleic acid specific for the rev gene of HIV-1 to the brain. Brain uptake of the HIV antisense drug was increased at least 15-fold when it was bound to the anti-TfR IgG3-CH3-Av, suggesting its potential use in neurologic AIDS. This novel Ab fusion protein should have general utility as a universal vehicle to effectively deliver biotinylated compounds across the blood-brain barrier for diagnosis and/or therapy of a broad range of CNS disorders such as infectious diseases, brain tumors as well as Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Penichet
- Department of Microbiology, The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA
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Ferro-Flores G, Ramírez FD, Tendilla JI, Pimentel-González G, Murphy CA, Meléndez-Alafort L, Ascencio JA, Croft BY. Preparation and pharmacokinetics of samarium(III)-153-labeled DTPA-bis-biotin. Characterization and theoretical studies of the samarium(III)-152 conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 1999; 10:726-34. [PMID: 10502337 DOI: 10.1021/bc9900082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The complex(153)Sm(III)DTPA-bis-biotin was prepared with a 99% radiochemical purity and a specific activity of 370 MBq/mg employing a molar ratio of DTPA-bis-biotin/Sm from 2 to 4 at pH 8.0. In vitro studies demonstrated that the complex is stable after dilution in saline and in human serum. Avidity of labeled biotin for avidin was not affected by the labeling procedure. Pharmacokinetic data of (153)Sm(III)DTPA-bis-biotin in normal mice showed that blood clearance is biexponential during the time interval from 0 to 24 h and that 3 h postinjection 92 +/- 4.32% of the dose is eliminated in the urine. To have further evidence which could sustain that (153)Sm(III)DTPA-bis-biotin is stable in solution as a real coordination complex, (152)Sm(III)DTPA-bis-biotin was obtained in macroscopic quantities and its characterization was done by IR, TGA, and conductivity measurements. The results indicated that the complex was chemically pure, where the Sm(3+) ion is neutralized by three carboxylate groups of the DTPA-bis-biotin ligand and coordinated to it. Using the Force Field method followed by ab initio calculations, the DTPA-bis-biotin and the Sm(III)DTPA-bis-biotin molecules were done. Accordingly, the coordination sphere of Sm(III) was totally satisfied with nitrogen and oxygen donors; the best coordination number was 9. The conformation geometry of both compounds is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ferro-Flores
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, México, Departamento de Materiales Radiactivos, Km. 36.5 Carretera México-Toluca, C.P. 52045.
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43
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Oishi N. [Biotin (vitamin H)]. Nihon Rinsho 1999; 57 Suppl:172-5. [PMID: 10543080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N Oishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kohoku Hospital
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Makino Y, Osada K, Sone H, Sugiyama K, Komai M, Ito M, Tsunoda K, Furukawa Y. Percutaneous absorption of biotin in healthy subjects and in atopic dermatitis patients. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 1999; 45:347-52. [PMID: 10524353 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.45.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to test the ability of sequential applications of biotin-containing ointment to increase serum biotin levels. Twenty atopic dermatitis patients (mean age, 20.5 yr) and 11 healthy subjects (mean age, 25.5 yr) volunteered to participate in this study. The diagnosis of atopic dermatitis was established dermatologically. Seven grams per day of ointment containing 0.3% biotin and 1-4 g per day of steroid ointment were both applied sequentially. The healthy subjects applied only biotin ointment. The biotin concentration was determined microbiologically. Before biotin treatment, the average serum biotin level was significantly lower in atopic dermatitis patients than in healthy subjects. The percutaneous application of biotin-containing ointment caused a significant increase in the serum biotin concentration in both healthy subjects (from 41.5 +/- 10.0 to 50.2 +/- 9.2 nmol/L) and in atopic dermatitis patients (from 27.9 +/- 17.4 to 50.7 +/- 21.6 nmol/L), especially in patients whose initial level was low, and also could be effective in regulating the atopic allergic response involving eosinophils. In conclusion, biotin appears to be readily absorbed through both normal and dermatitis-affected human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Makino
- Makino Dermatology Clinic, Sendai, Japan
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45
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Anagnostouli M, Livaniou E, Nyalala JO, Evangelatos G, Zournas C, Ithakissios DS, Papageorgiou C. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of biotin in various neurological disorders. Acta Neurol Scand 1999; 99:387-92. [PMID: 10577274 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1999.tb07369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse biotin concentrations in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from controls without evidence of nutritional or neurological disorders and patients with common neurological disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid was obtained from patients by lumbar puncture, serum was prepared from freshly drawn whole blood and biotinidase in samples was inhibited before being analysed for biotin by radioligand assay. RESULTS Assay characteristics were within an acceptable range (intra-and interassay coefficient of variations were 8.8 and 12.0 respectively, recovery: 91-114% and sensitive, lowest standard concentration 15 ng/l). Significantly lower values for biotin were found in patients with multiple sclerosis (both CSF and serum) in comparison to the controls. Significantly reduced values for cerebrospinal fluid biotin were found in epileptics compared to controls, whereas, in serum the difference was approaching significance. No significant differences were observed in other groups of patients. CONCLUSION There is a significant reduction in cerebrospinal fluid biotin in epileptics and patients with multiple sclerosis compared to controls. In epileptics this may be related to competition between biotin and anticonvulsants bearing carbamide ring for absorption. Reduction of biotin levels in patients with multiple sclerosis could be attributed to intestinal malabsorption caused by the underlying disease or a biotin-binding immunoglobulin which may be involved in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anagnostouli
- Department of Neurology of Medical School, Athens National University, Greece
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Abstract
Although estimated average requirements for biotin have been proposed, the human requirements for biotin in specific populations and at various ages remain uncertain, in part because indicators of biotin status have not been validated. With the use of improved methods for measuring biotin and metabolites, a recent study indicated that decreased urinary excretion of biotin and bisnorbiotin is an early and sensitive indicator of biotin deficiency, but decreased serum concentration of biotin is not. Increased urinary excretion of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid (3-HIA), a leucine metabolite that is excreted in increased quantities with deficiency of the biotin-dependent enzyme beta-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, is also an early and sensitive indicator of biotin deficiency. When these indicators were assessed longitudinally in 13 pregnant women, biotin excretion was not significantly decreased early in pregnancy but did decrease significantly from early to late pregnancy. Excretion of 3-HIA was abnormally increased in about three-fourths of the women studied in both early and late pregnancy. Thus, each indicator detected biotin deficiency late in pregnancy, but assessment of biotin status for the two indicators conflicted early in pregnancy. Preliminary results from a trial assessing response of 3-HIA excretion to biotin treatment indicate that biotin status is indeed impaired both early and late in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Mock
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72202, USA
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Rettig MP, Low PS, Gimm JA, Mohandas N, Wang J, Christian JA. Evaluation of biochemical changes during in vivo erythrocyte senescence in the dog. Blood 1999; 93:376-84. [PMID: 9864184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
One hypothesis to explain the age-dependent clearance of red blood cells (RBCs) from circulation proposes that denatured/oxidized hemoglobin (hemichromes) arising late during an RBC's life span induces clustering of the integral membrane protein, band 3. In turn, band 3 clustering generates an epitope on the senescent cell surface leading to autologous IgG binding and consequent phagocytosis. Because dog RBCs have survival characteristics that closely resemble those of human RBCs (ie, low random RBC loss, approximately 115-day life span), we decided to test several aspects of the above hypothesis in the canine model, where in vivo aged cells of defined age could be evaluated for biochemical changes. For this purpose, dog RBCs were biotinylated in vivo and retrieved for biochemical analysis at various later dates using avidin-coated magnetic beads. Consistent with the above hypothesis, senescent dog RBCs were found to contain measurably elevated membrane-bound (denatured) globin and a sevenfold enhancement of surface-associated autologous IgG. Interestingly, dog RBCs that were allowed to senesce for 115 days in vivo also suffered from compromised intracellular reducing power, containing only 30% of the reduced glutathione found in unfractionated cells. Although the small quantity of cells of age >/=110 days did not allow direct quantitation of band 3 clustering, it was nevertheless possible to exploit single-cell microdeformation methods to evaluate the fraction of band 3 molecules that had lost their normal skeletal linkages and were free to cluster in response to hemichrome binding. Importantly, band 3 in RBCs >/=112 days old was found to be 25% less restrained by skeletal interactions than band 3 in control cells, indicating that the normal linkages between band 3 and the membrane skeleton had been substantially disrupted. Interestingly, the protein 4.1a/protein 4.1b ratio, commonly assumed to reflect RBC age, was found to be maximal in RBCs isolated only 58 days after labeling, implying that while this marker is useful for identifying very young populations of RBCs, it is not a very sensitive marker for canine senescent RBCs. Taken together, these data argue that several of the readily testable elements of the above hypothesis implicating band 3 in human RBC senescence can be validated in an appropriate canine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Rettig
- Departments of Chemistry and Veterinary Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Jung U, Helbich-Endermann M, Bitsch R, Schneider S, Stein G. Are patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) deficient in Biotin and is regular Biotin supplementation required? Z Ernahrungswiss 1998; 37:363-7. [PMID: 9894686 DOI: 10.1007/s003940050038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In 23 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), 23 patients on chronic intermittent hemodialysis treatment (DP), 22 patients after renal transplantation (RT) and 40 normal persons (NP), Biotin plasma levels and the urinary excretion were analysed and compared to the dietary Biotin intake. Unsupplemented DP had lower intake of Biotin than the CRF, RT, NP and DP with supplementation. DP excreted only 1.6-6.3% of the daily intake as compared to 39.7% in NP, 27.6% in CRF and 24.3% in RT. In unsupplemented DP patients, Biotin plasma levels were elevated by 4 times and in supplemented patients by 6 times compared to NP. During hemodialysis treatment, the Biotin plasma level dropped by about 30% in DP with and by 33% in DP without vitamine supplementation. However, after 44 hours, the initial concentration was reached again in those receiving vitamine supplementation (99% of basal level) and in DP without substitution (97% of basal level). Only in male DP significantly higher Biotin plasma levels before HD were detected irrespective of the supplementation dose as compared to female patients (30 micrograms and 300 micrograms Biotin after each dialysis session). Biotin plasma concentration did not vary with respect to the underlying renal disease, the serum creatinine concentration and the length and frequency of dialysis treatment, including the type of dialyzer (low- vs high flux) used and the blood flow rate (QB 180-260 vs 270-280 vs 300 ml/min). There were no major effects of the age of the patients (< 60 years vs > 60 years), the BMI, nicotine abuse, or alcohol intake on Biotin blood concentration. Our results showed normal Biotin plasma levels which reflect a normal functional status and exclude a functional deficit, therefore there is no reason for a regular Biotin supplementation in patients with chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University of Jena, Germany
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Schulpis KH, Nyalala JO, Papakonstantinou ED, Leondiadis L, Livaniou E, Ithakisios D, Georgala S. Biotin recycling impairment in phenylketonuric children with seborrheic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 1998; 37:918-21. [PMID: 9888332 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-4362.1998.00603.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of a therapeutic diet on serum biotin levels and to explain the seborrheic dermatitis in phenylketonuric (PKU) patients on a "loose" diet. DESIGN Forty-seven patients were divided into two groups: group A (n=21) demonstrated good compliance to a special diet and group B (n=26) were on a "loose" diet. Most of the patients in group B (20/26), who suffered from mild seborrheic dermatitis, were requested to return to phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet for at least 15 days. Seventy-nine healthy children of comparable age were used as controls. Biotin serum levels and plasma biotinidase activity were measured in patients as well as controls. In addition, biotinidase activity was evaluated in vitro after incubation with various concentrations of Phe. RESULTS Biotin levels in group A patients (636+/-118 ng/L) were statistically significantly elevated (P < 0.01) compared with those of group B patients before (412+/-184 ng/L) and after (501+/-160 ng/L) 15 days on a Phe-restricted diet, as well as with those of controls (337+/-290 ng/L). Furthermore, biotinidase activities were decreased in group B patients (4.2+/-1.68 nmol/min/L) compared with those of group A patients (6.4+/-0.7 nmol/min/L) and controls (6.10+/-0.8 nmol/min/L). Additionally, biotinidase activities in the patients of group B were restored to normal (5.78+/-0.81 nmol/min/L), with a simultaneous remission of their skin lesions, after 15 days on a Phe-restricted diet. Moreover, the in vitro findings showed a 51% inhibition of biotinidase activity when incubated with Phe (20 mg/dL). CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that the high biotin levels in group A patients reflect the intake of water-soluble biotin of vegetable origin. In contrast, the low biotinidase activity in group B patients may be attributed to their high Phe plasma levels, which acts as an enzyme inhibitor, as shown by the in vivo and in vitro results. Consequently, the observed seborrheic dermatitis in PKU children (group B) is associated with an impairment of biotin recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Schulpis
- Institute of Child Health, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Radioimmunochemistry Laboratory, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
We studied the uptake of biotin into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using [3H]biotin and studied the catabolism of biotin in PBMC using [14C]biotin. Over 30 min, [3H]biotin uptake was greater at 37 degrees C than at 25 degrees C (KT = 2.6 +/- 0.4 nM, maximal velocity = 2.9 +/- 0.2 fmol . 10(6) cells-1 . 30 min-1). Ouabain reduced [3H]biotin uptake to 65% of control values, suggesting that biotin uptake is Na-K-ATPase dependent. Unlabeled biotin and biotin analogs reduced the uptake of [3H]biotin to 22-70% of control values, suggesting the presence of a competition for a structurally specific biotin transporter. When endocytosis by PBMC was stimulated by various acyl glycerols, [3H]biotin uptake was 40-73% of control values; these data are consistent with the hypothesis that stimulated endocytosis reduces biotin transporter density on the cell surface. During a 168-h incubation, PBMC did not catabolize [14C]biotin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zempleni
- Department of Pediatrics (Gastroenterology), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and the Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA
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