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Lima EN, Lamichhane S, KC P, Ferreira ES, Koul S, Koul HK. Tetrandrine for Targeting Therapy Resistance in Cancer. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:1035-1049. [PMID: 38445699 PMCID: PMC11259026 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266282360240222062032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
During the last five decades, there has been tremendous development in our understanding of cancer biology and the development of new and novel therapeutics to target cancer. However, despite these advances, cancer remains the second leading cause of death across the globe. Most cancer deaths are attributed to the development of resistance to current therapies. There is an urgent and unmet need to address cancer therapy resistance. Tetrandrine, a bis-benzyl iso-quinoline, has shown a promising role as an anti-cancer agent. Recent work from our laboratory and others suggests that tetrandrine and its derivatives could be an excellent adjuvant to the current arsenal of anti-cancer drugs. Herein, we provide an overview of resistance mechanisms to current therapeutics and review the existing literature on the anti-cancer effects of tetrandrine and its potential use for overcoming therapy resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Nogueira Lima
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSUHSC-New Orleans
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans – LA
- LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Santosh Lamichhane
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSUHSC-New Orleans
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans – LA
- LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Pramod KC
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSUHSC-New Orleans
- LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Elisa Silva Ferreira
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sweaty Koul
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSUHSC-New Orleans
- Department of Urology, LSUHSC-New Orleans
- LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hari K Koul
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, LSUHSC-New Orleans
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSUHSC-New Orleans
- Department of Urology, LSUHSC-New Orleans
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans – LA
- LSU-LCMC Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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2
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Russell T, Gangotia D, Barry G. Assessing the potential of repurposing ion channel inhibitors to treat emerging viral diseases and the role of this host factor in virus replication. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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Large-Scale Identification of Multiple Classes of Host Defense Peptide-Inducing Compounds for Antimicrobial Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158400. [PMID: 35955551 PMCID: PMC9368921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance demands new antimicrobial strategies that are less likely to develop resistance. Augmenting the synthesis of endogenous host defense peptides (HDPs) has been proven to be an effective host-directed therapeutic approach. This study aimed to identify small-molecule compounds with a strong ability to induce endogenous HDP synthesis for further development as novel antimicrobial agents. By employing a stable HDP promoter-driven luciferase reporter cell line known as HTC/AvBD9-luc, we performed high-throughput screening of 5002 natural and synthetic compounds and identified 110 hits with a minimum Z-score of 2.0. Although they were structurally and functionally diverse, half of these hits were inhibitors of class I histone deacetylases, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway, ion channels, and dopamine and serotonin receptors. Further validations revealed mocetinostat, a benzamide histone deacetylase inhibitor, to be highly potent in enhancing the expression of multiple HDP genes in chicken macrophage cell lines and jejunal explants. Importantly, mocetinostat was more efficient than entinostat and tucidinostat, two structural analogs, in promoting HDP gene expression and the antibacterial activity of chicken macrophages. Taken together, mocetinostat, with its ability to enhance HDP synthesis and the antibacterial activity of host cells, could be potentially developed as a novel antimicrobial for disease control and prevention.
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Li J, Shi M, Liu L, Wang J, Zhu M, Chen H. Tetrandrine Inhibits Skeletal Muscle Differentiation by Blocking Autophagic Flux. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158148. [PMID: 35897724 PMCID: PMC9331307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrandrine is well known to act as a calcium channel blocker. It is a potential candidate for a tumor chemotherapy drug without toxicity. Tetrandrine inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces cell death through apoptosis and autophagy. As cancer patients usually experience complications with sarcopenia or muscle injury, we thus assessed the effects of tetrandrine on skeletal muscle cells. We report in this study that a low dose of tetrandrine (less than 5 μM) does not affect the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts, but significantly inhibits myogenic differentiation. Consistently, tetrandrine inhibited muscle regeneration after BaCl2-induced injury. Mechanistic experiments showed that tetrandrine decreased the p-mTOR level and increased the levels of LC3 and SQSTM1/p62 during differentiation. Ad-mRFP-GFP-LC3B transfection experiments revealed that the lysosomal quenching of GFP signals was suppressed by tetrandrine. Furthermore, the levels of DNM1L/Drp1, PPARGA1 and cytochrome C (Cyto C), as well as caspase 3 activation and ROS production, were decreased following tetrandrine administration, indicating that the mitochondrial network signaling was inhibited. Our results indicate that tetrandrine has dual effects on autophagic flux in myoblasts during differentiation, activation in the early stage and blockade in the late stage. The ultimate blocking of autophagic flux by tetrandrine led to the disruption of mitochondria remodeling and inhibition of myogenic differentiation. The inhibitory effects of tetrandrine on skeletal muscle differentiation may limit its application in advanced cancer patients. Thus, great attention should be paid to the clinical use of tetrandrine for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Meiyun Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Lutao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
| | - Minsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China;
| | - Huaqun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; (J.L.); (M.S.); (L.L.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-25-85891050
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Yu Z, Xiao J, Chen X, Ruan Y, Chen Y, Zheng X, Wang Q. Bioactivities and mechanisms of natural medicines in the management of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chin Med 2022; 17:13. [PMID: 35033157 PMCID: PMC8760698 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00568-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and rare disease without obvious clinical symptoms that shares characteristics with pulmonary vascular remodeling. Right heart failure in the terminal phase of PAH seriously threatens the lives of patients. This review attempts to comprehensively outline the current state of knowledge on PAH its pathology, pathogenesis, natural medicines therapy, mechanisms and clinical studies to provide potential treatment strategies. Although PAH and pulmonary hypertension have similar pathological features, PAH exhibits significantly elevated pulmonary vascular resistance caused by vascular stenosis and occlusion. Currently, the pathogenesis of PAH is thought to involve multiple factors, primarily including genetic/epigenetic factors, vascular cellular dysregulation, metabolic dysfunction, even inflammation and immunization. Yet many issues regarding PAH need to be clarified, such as the "oestrogen paradox". About 25 kinds monomers derived from natural medicine have been verified to protect against to PAH via modulating BMPR2/Smad, HIF-1α, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and eNOS/NO/cGMP signalling pathways. Yet limited and single PAH animal models may not corroborate the efficacy of natural medicines, and those natural compounds how to regulate crucial genes, proteins and even microRNA and lncRNA still need to put great attention. Additionally, pharmacokinetic studies and safety evaluation of natural medicines for the treatment of PAH should be undertaken in future studies. Meanwhile, methods for validating the efficacy of natural drugs in multiple PAH animal models and precise clinical design are also urgently needed to promote advances in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Yu
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yi Ruan
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zheng
- Pharmacy Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Romeo I, Mesiti F, Lupia A, Alcaro S. Current Updates on Naturally Occurring Compounds Recognizing SARS-CoV-2 Druggable Targets. Molecules 2021; 26:632. [PMID: 33530467 PMCID: PMC7865633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified in China as the etiologic agent of the recent COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Due to its high transmissibility, this virus quickly spread throughout the world, causing considerable health issues. The scientific community exerted noteworthy efforts to obtain therapeutic solutions for COVID-19, and new scientific networks were constituted. No certified drugs to efficiently inhibit the virus were identified, and the development of de-novo medicines requires approximately ten years of research. Therefore, the repurposing of natural products could be an effective strategy to handle SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review aims to update on current status of the natural occurring compounds recognizing SARS-CoV-2 druggable targets. Among the clinical trials actually recruited, some natural compounds are ongoing to examine their potential role to prevent and to treat the COVID-19 infection. Many natural scaffolds, including alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, and benzoquinones, were investigated by in-silico, in-vitro, and in-vivo approaches. Despite the large data set obtained by a computational approach, experimental evidences in most cases are not available. To fill this gap, further efforts to validate these results are required. We believe that an accurate investigation of naturally occurring compounds may provide insights for the potential treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Francesco Mesiti
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Antonio Lupia
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.M.); (A.L.)
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Net4Science Academic Spin-Off, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Campus “S. Venuta”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.M.); (A.L.)
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Heister PM, Poston RN. Pharmacological hypothesis: TPC2 antagonist tetrandrine as a potential therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00653. [PMID: 32930523 PMCID: PMC7503088 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
More than ten million patients worldwide have been diagnosed with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) to date (WHO situation report, 1st July 2020). There is no vaccine to prevent infection with the causative organism, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), nor a cure. In the struggle to devise potentially useful therapeutics in record time, the repurposing of existing compounds is a key route of action. In this hypothesis paper, we argue that the bisbenzylisoquinoline and calcium channel blocker tetrandrine, originally extracted from the plant Stephania tetrandra and utilized in traditional Chinese medicine, may have potential in the treatment of COVID-19 and should be further investigated. We collate and review evidence for tetrandrine's putative mechanism of action in viral infection, specifically its recently discovered antagonism of the two-pore channel 2 (TPC2). While tetrandrine's particular history of use provides a very limited pharmacological dataset, there is a suggestion from the available evidence that it could be effective at doses used in clinical practice. We suggest that further research to investigate this possibility should be conducted.
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Olajide OA, Sarker SD. Alzheimer's disease: natural products as inhibitors of neuroinflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1439-1455. [PMID: 32930914 PMCID: PMC7572326 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and affects 44 million people worldwide. New emerging evidence from pre-clinical and clinical investigations shows that neuroinflammation is a major pathological component of AD suggesting that anti-inflammatory strategies are important in delaying the onset or slowing the progression of the disease. However, efforts to employ current anti-inflammatory agents in AD clinical trials have produced limited success. Consequently, there is a need to explore anti-inflammatory natural products, which target neuroinflammatory pathways relevant to AD pathogenesis. This review summarises important druggable molecular targets of neuroinflammation and presents classes of anti-neuroinflammatory natural products with potentials for preventing and reducing symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olumayokun A Olajide
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
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Schütz R, Müller M, Geisslinger F, Vollmar A, Bartel K, Bracher F. Synthesis, biological evaluation and toxicity of novel tetrandrine analogues. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112810. [PMID: 32942071 PMCID: PMC7473156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present the design and synthesis of novel fully synthetic analogues of the bisbenzylisoquinoline tetrandrine, a molecule with numerous pharmacological properties and the potential to treat life-threatening diseases, such as viral infections and cancer. Its toxicity to liver and lungs and the underlying mechanisms, however, are controversially discussed. Along this line, novel tetrandrine analogues were synthesized and biologically evaluated for their hepatotoxicity, as well as their antiproliferative and chemoresistance reversing activity on cancer cells. Previous studies suggesting CYP-mediated toxification of tetrandrine prompted us to amend/replace the suspected metabolically instable 12-methoxy group. Of note, employing several in vitro models showed that the proposed CYP3A4-driven metabolism of tetrandrine and analogues is not the major cause of hepatotoxicity. Biological characterization revealed that some of the novel tetrandrine analogues sensitized drug-resistant leukemia cells by inhibition of the P-glycoprotein. Interestingly, direct anticancer effects improved in comparison to tetrandrine, as several compounds displayed a markedly enhanced ability to reduce proliferation of drug-resistant leukemia cells and to induce cell death of liver cancer cells. Those enhanced anticancer properties were linked to influences on activation of the kinase Akt and mitochondrial events. In sum, our study clarifies the role of CYP3A4-mediated toxicity of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine and provides the basis for the exploitation of novel synthetic analogues for their antitumoral potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Schütz
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Geisslinger
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Bartel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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Schütz R, Meixner M, Antes I, Bracher F. A modular approach to the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids tetrandrine and isotetrandrine. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3047-3068. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00078g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A modular short-step synthesis of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids tetrandrine and isotetrandrine was developed employingN-acyl-Pictet–Spengler reaction and Ullman diaryl ether synthesis as central steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Schütz
- Department of Pharmacy – Center for Drug Research
- Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Maximilian Meixner
- TUM School of Life Sciences
- Technical University Munich
- 85354 Freising
- Germany
| | - Iris Antes
- TUM School of Life Sciences
- Technical University Munich
- 85354 Freising
- Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy – Center for Drug Research
- Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich
- 81377 Munich
- Germany
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N B, K R C. Tetrandrine and cancer - An overview on the molecular approach. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:624-632. [PMID: 29101806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrandrine has been known in the treatment of tuberculosis, hyperglycemia, negative ionotropic and chronotropic effects on myocardium, malaria, cancer and fever since years together. It has been known that, tetrandrine could modulate multiple signaling molecules such as kinases of cell cycle and rat sarcoma (RAS) pathway along with proteins of tumor suppressor genes, autophagy related, β-catenins, caspases, and death receptors. Moreover, tetrandrine exhibited reversal of drug resistance by modulating P-glyco protein (P-gp) expression levels in different cancers which is an added advantage of this compound compared to other chemotherapy drugs. Though, bioavailability of tetrandrine is a limiting factor, the anticancer activity was observed in animal models without changing any pharmacokinetic parameters. In the present review, role of tetrandrine as kinase inhibitor, inducer of autophagy and caspase pathways and suppressor of RAS mediated cell proliferation were discussed along with inhibition of angiogenesis. It has also been discussed that how tetrandrine potentiate anticancer effect in different types of cancers by modulating multidrug resistance under in vitro and in vivo trials including the available literature on the clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagya N
- Department of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, Karnataka, India
| | - Chandrashekar K R
- Department of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, Karnataka, India.
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Wang X, Yang Y, Yang D, Tong G, Lv S, Lin X, Chen C, Dong W. Tetrandrine prevents monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats through regulation of the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase type 1. J Vasc Surg 2017; 64:1468-1477. [PMID: 26527422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease characterized by a persistent elevation of pulmonary artery pressure and ventricular hypertrophy. Tetrandrine is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid that can decrease blood pressure, inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and block cardiac hypertrophy, but whether it has a therapeutic effect on PAH remains poorly defined. This study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of tetrandrine on PAH. METHODS Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups. The control group was injected with normal saline; the others were injected with monocrotaline (MCT) to induce PAH, then treated with saline, tetrandrine, and vardenafil, respectively, from day 21 to day 42. On day 43, we measured the mean pulmonary artery pressure under general anesthesia, dissected the rat, and calculated the right ventricular hypertrophy index [right ventricle/(left ventricle plus septum)]. Later we observed the changes in the pulmonary vascular wall; measured the expression of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase type 1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase; measured the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and catalase; and then compared the results among groups. RESULTS Compared with the MCT group, rats treated with tetrandrine had attenuated mean pulmonary artery pressure (20.48 ± 1.49 vs 30.07 ± 1.51; P < .01) and right ventricular hypertrophy index (49.19 ± 2.45 vs 68.50 ± 1.95; P < .01), inhibited proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, and improved endothelial function. Tetrandrine also upregulated the expression of protein kinase type 1 (90.86 ± 1.95 vs 67.34 ± 1.50; P < .01); downregulated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (74.76 ± 1.48 vs 80.19 ± 0.28; P < .01); increased levels of superoxide dismutase (245.54 ± 12.98 vs 166.16 ± 21.42; P < .01), glutathione (0.699 ± 0.032 vs 0.514 ± 0.056; P < .01), and catalase (32.13 ± 2.33 vs 27.19 ± 2.72; P < .01); and decreased malondialdehyde (1.027 ± 0.039 vs 1.462 ± 0.055; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Tetrandrine alleviated MCT-induced PAH through regulation of nitric oxide signaling pathway and antioxidant and antiproliferation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongchao Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science/Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongpeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guang Tong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanshan Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changfu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenpeng Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Bhagya N, Chandrashekar KR. Tetrandrine--A molecule of wide bioactivity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 125:5-13. [PMID: 26899361 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Stephania tetrandra and other related species of Menispermaceae form the major source of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid - tetrandrine. The plant is extensively referenced in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for its use in the Chinese medicinal system as an analgesic and diuretic agent and also in the treatment of hypertension and various other ailments, including asthma, tuberculosis, dysentery, hyperglycemia, malaria, cancer and fever. Tetrandrine, well-known to act as a calcium channel blocker, has been tested in clinical trials and found effective against silicosis, hypertension, inflammation and lung cancer without any toxicity. Recently, the efficacy of tetrandrine was tested against Mycobaterium tuberculosis, Candida albicans, Plasmodium falciparum and Ebola virus. Tetrandrine's pharmacological property has been proved to be through its action on different signalling pathways like reactive oxygen species, enhanced autophagic flux, reversal of multi drug resistance, caspase pathway, cell cycle arrest and by modification of calcium channels. The present review summarises current knowledge on the synthesis, distribution, extraction, structural elucidation, pharmacological properties and the mechanism of action of tetrandrine. Future perspectives in the clinical use of tetrandrine as a drug are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhagya
- Department of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, Karnataka, India
| | - K R Chandrashekar
- Department of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore 574 199, Karnataka, India.
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Kaczorowski G, Garcia M. Developing Molecular Pharmacology of BK Channels for Therapeutic Benefit. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 128:439-75. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Zamponi GW, Striessnig J, Koschak A, Dolphin AC. The Physiology, Pathology, and Pharmacology of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and Their Future Therapeutic Potential. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:821-70. [PMID: 26362469 PMCID: PMC4630564 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels are required for many key functions in the body. In this review, the different subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels are described and their physiologic roles and pharmacology are outlined. We describe the current uses of drugs interacting with the different calcium channel subtypes and subunits, as well as specific areas in which there is strong potential for future drug development. Current therapeutic agents include drugs targeting L-type Ca(V)1.2 calcium channels, particularly 1,4-dihydropyridines, which are widely used in the treatment of hypertension. T-type (Ca(V)3) channels are a target of ethosuximide, widely used in absence epilepsy. The auxiliary subunit α2δ-1 is the therapeutic target of the gabapentinoid drugs, which are of value in certain epilepsies and chronic neuropathic pain. The limited use of intrathecal ziconotide, a peptide blocker of N-type (Ca(V)2.2) calcium channels, as a treatment of intractable pain, gives an indication that these channels represent excellent drug targets for various pain conditions. We describe how selectivity for different subtypes of calcium channels (e.g., Ca(V)1.2 and Ca(V)1.3 L-type channels) may be achieved in the future by exploiting differences between channel isoforms in terms of sequence and biophysical properties, variation in splicing in different target tissues, and differences in the properties of the target tissues themselves in terms of membrane potential or firing frequency. Thus, use-dependent blockers of the different isoforms could selectively block calcium channels in particular pathologies, such as nociceptive neurons in pain states or in epileptic brain circuits. Of important future potential are selective Ca(V)1.3 blockers for neuropsychiatric diseases, neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease, and resistant hypertension. In addition, selective or nonselective T-type channel blockers are considered potential therapeutic targets in epilepsy, pain, obesity, sleep, and anxiety. Use-dependent N-type calcium channel blockers are likely to be of therapeutic use in chronic pain conditions. Thus, more selective calcium channel blockers hold promise for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (G.W.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (J.S., A.K.); and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.C.D.)
| | - Joerg Striessnig
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (G.W.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (J.S., A.K.); and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.C.D.)
| | - Alexandra Koschak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (G.W.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (J.S., A.K.); and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.C.D.)
| | - Annette C Dolphin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (G.W.Z.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (J.S., A.K.); and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom (A.C.D.)
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Chaudhary P, Vishwanatha JK. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-induced proteasomal degradation of c-FLIPL/S and Bcl2 sensitize prostate cancer cells to Fas- and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by tetrandrine. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:457-73. [PMID: 25181458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tetrandrine, a constituent of Chinese herb Stephania tetrandra, causes cell death in prostate cancer, but the molecular mechanisms leading to apoptosis is not known. Here we demonstrated that tetrandrine selectively inhibits the growth of prostate cancer PC3 and DU145 cells compared to normal prostate epithelial PWR-1E cells. Tetrandrine-induced cell death in prostate cancer cells is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK1/2). JNK1/2-mediated proteasomal degradation of c-FLIPL/S and Bcl2 proteins are key events in the sensitization of prostate cancer cells to Fas- and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis by tetrandrine. Tetrandrine-induced JNK1/2 activation caused the translocation of Bax to mitochondria by disrupting its association with Bcl2 which was accompanied by collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cytosolic release of cytochrome c and Smac, and apoptotic cell death. Additionally, tetrandrine-induced JNK1/2 activation increased the phosphorylation of Bcl2 at Ser70 and facilitated its degradation via the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal pathway. In parallel, tetrandrine-mediated ROS generation also caused the induction of ligand-independent Fas-mediated apoptosis by activating procaspase-8 and Bid cleavage. Inhibition of procaspase-8 activation attenuated the cleavage of Bid, loss of MMP and caspase-3 activation suggest that tetrandrine-induced Fas-mediated apoptosis is associated with the mitochondrial pathway. Furthermore, most of the signaling effects of tetrandrine on apoptosis were significantly attenuated in the presence of antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine, thereby confirming the involvement of ROS in these events. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that tetrandrine-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells is initiated by ROS generation and that both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway contributes to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Chaudhary
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Texas Center for Health Disparities and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jamboor K Vishwanatha
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Texas Center for Health Disparities and Institute for Cancer Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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Cao Z, Wright M, Cheng J, Huang X, Liu L, Wu L, Yang P. The novel bis-benzylisoquinoline PY35 reverses P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1211-7. [PMID: 25017650 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapeutic drugs is the main cause of chemotherapy failure in cancer treatment, and it generally results from expression of ATP-dependent efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp). MDR reversal agents typically act by inhibiting the drug efflux activity of P-gp, thereby increasing intracellular drug levels. PY35 is a novel 5-substituted tetrandrine (Tet) derivative (CN Application No. 201210238709.6). The present study was performed to investigate the ability of PY35 to reverse P-gp-mediated MDR and its mechanism in resistant K562/Adriamycin (ADM), MCF-7/ADM cells and their sensitive cell lines K562 and MCF-7. The ability of PY35 to reverse drug resistance was evaluated by MTT assay. The results showed that PY35 can reverse MDR more effectively than the drug prototype‑Tet. The P-gp function was assessed by the Rhodamine 123 (Rho-123; a P-gp substrate) uptake assay with flow cytometry (FCM) and laser scanning confocal microscopes (LSCM); it showed that the MDR cells pumped Rho-123 out the cells, while their sensitive cells scarcely showed efflux. The presence of PY35 efficiently decreased the efflux of the Rho-123, showing that PY35 can reverse P-gp-mediated MDR by increasing the intracellular concentration of Rho-123. The intracellular accumulation of ADM was analyzed by FCM and showed that the coadministration of PY35 and ADM had clearer accumulation than the treatment of Tet and ADM, and was also more evident than treatment with only ADM. The effect of PY35 on the expression of P-gp was assessed by western blotting. The results indicated that PY35 does not inhibit the expression level of the P-gp. This study indicated that PY35 can effectively reverse P-gp-mediated MDR, not by inhibiting the expression of P-gp, but by the coadministration of PY35 and ADM that could increase the intracellular accumulation of drugs. Thus, PY35 may be a potential inhibitor to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglian Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | | | - Jiekai Cheng
- Hangzhou Inspiration Pharmaceutical Development Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxing Huang
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research of SIPI, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Center for Pharmacological Evaluation and Research of SIPI, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Lixing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Li MS, Cen J, He L, Liu L, Ji BS. CJY, an isoflavone, interacts with ATPase of P-glycoprotein in the rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (RBMECs). J Chemother 2013; 25:347-54. [PMID: 24090809 DOI: 10.1179/1973947813y.0000000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study reported CJY, an isoflavone, can reverse P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux activity in rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (RBMECs). In the present report, by assessment of ATPase activity of RBMECs, we gained further insight into the nature of the CJY interactions with P-gp. The results revealed that the basal P-gp ATPase activity was increased by CJY. Kinetic studies on ATPase activity showed the effects of Tetrandrine (Tet) on CJY-stimulated, CsA on CJY-stimulated, and CsA on Tet-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity were all non-competitive inhibition, indicating that these substrates can simultaneously but independently bind to diverse sites on P-gp. Furthermore, the combined effects of CJY with Tet, and CJY with CsA were also evaluated isobolographically. The results showed synergistic interactions in both combinations, implying that combined treatment of CJY with other modulators may exert synergistic interactions for the drug's penetration into the brain and the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Ye Z, Van Dyke K, Rossan RN. Effective treatment with a tetrandrine/chloroquine combination for chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria in Aotus monkeys. Malar J 2013; 12:117. [PMID: 23547773 PMCID: PMC3621158 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vitro evidence indicates that tetrandrine (TT) can potentiate the action of chloroquine 40-fold against choloquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. The key question emanating from that study is “would tetrandine and chloroquine be highly effective in a live Aotus monkey model with chloroquine-resistant parasites”. This study was designed to closely mimic the pharmacological/anti-malarial activity in man. Methods The Vietnam Smith/RE strain of P. falciparum, which is chloroquine-resistant was used in this study. Previous experimental procedures were followed. Panamanian owl monkeys (Aotus) were inoculated with 5×106 erythrocytes parasitized with the CQ-resistant strain of P. falciparum. Oral drug treatment was with CQ (20 mg/kg) and/or tetrandrine at 15 mg/Kg, 30 mg/Kg or 60 mg/Kg or 25 mg/Kg depending on experimental conditions. Results and Discussion Parasitaemia was cleared rapidly with CQ and TT while CQ treatment alone was ineffective. Recrudescence of malaria occurred after seven days post-infection. However, four animals were treated orally with TT and CQ parasites were cleared. It is likely that monkeys were cured via a combination of both drug and host immune responses. A single Aotus monkey infected with P. falciparum and untreated with drugs, died. No side effects were observed with these drug treatments. Conclusions This combination of chloroquine and tetrandrine forms the basis of a new attack on chloroquine-resistant malaria - one based upon inhibition of the basis of chloroquine resistance, the multiple drug resistance pump. Previous studies demonstrated that the parasite MDR pump was found on parasite membranes using 3H azidopine photoaffinity labelling. Since MDR-based choloroquine resistance is induced by chloroquine, the basis of the action of tetrandrine is the following: 1) tetrandrine inhibits the MDR pump by stimulating MDR ATPase which limits the energy of the pump by depletion of parasite ATP, 2) tetrandrine blocks the genetic factor which controls the induction of the pump. Therefore, it appears that the parasite cannot outsmart these mechanisms and produce a new mode of resistance. Only time will tell if this is correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuguang Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
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Jadhav A, Liang W, Papageorgiou PC, Shoker A, Kanthan SC, Balsevich J, Levy AS, Heximer S, Backx PH, Gopalakrishnan V. Catharanthine dilates small mesenteric arteries and decreases heart rate and cardiac contractility by inhibition of voltage-operated calcium channels on vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 345:383-92. [PMID: 23532933 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.199661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Catharanthine is a constituent of anticancer vinca alkaloids. Its cardiovascular effects have not been investigated. This study compares the in vivo hemodynamic as well as in vitro effects of catharanthine on isolated blood vessels, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and cardiomyocytes. Intravenous administration of catharanthine (0.5-20 mg/kg) to anesthetized rats induced rapid, dose-dependent decreases in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular blood pressure, cardiac contractility (dP/dt(max)), and the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) curve. Catharanthine evoked concentration-dependent decreases (I(max) >98%) in endothelium-independent tonic responses of aortic rings to phenylephrine (PE) and KCl (IC(50) = 28 µM for PE and IC(50) = 34 µM for KCl) and of third-order branches of the small mesenteric artery (MA) (IC(50) = 3 µM for PE and IC(50) = 6 µM for KCl). Catharanthine also increased the inner vessel wall diameter (IC(50) = 10 µM) and reduced intracellular free Ca(2+) levels (IC(50) = 16 µM) in PE-constricted MAs. Patch-clamp studies demonstrated that catharanthine inhibited voltage-operated L-type Ca(2+) channel (VOCC) currents in cardiomyocytes and VSMCs (IC(50) = 220 µM and IC(50) = 8 µM, respectively) of MA. Catharanthine lowers BP, HR, left ventricular systolic blood pressure, and dP/dt(max) and ESPVR likely via inhibition of VOCCs in both VSMCs and cardiomyocytes. Since smaller vessels such as the third-order branches of MAs are more sensitive to VOCC blockade than conduit vessels (aorta), the primary site of action of catharanthine for lowering mean arterial pressure appears to be the resistance vasculature, whereas blockade of cardiac VOCCs may contribute to the reduction in HR and cardiac contractility seen with this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Takahashi T, Tonami Y, Tachibana M, Nomura M, Shimada T, Aburada M, Kobayashi S. Tetrandrine Prevents Bone Loss in Sciatic-Neurectomized Mice and Inhibits Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation. Biol Pharm Bull 2012; 35:1765-74. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b12-00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
| | - Yusuke Tonami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
| | - Mami Tachibana
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
| | - Masaaki Nomura
- Educational Center of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
| | - Tsutomu Shimada
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
| | - Masaki Aburada
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
| | - Shinjiro Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
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Wu CJ, Wang YH, Lin CJ, Chen HH, Chen YJ. Tetrandrine down-regulates ERK/NF-κB signaling and inhibits activation of mesangial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:1834-40. [PMID: 22001142 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tetrandrine (TET), a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Stephania tetrandra S. Moore of the Menispermaceae, possesses anti-inflammatory activity. We examined the effect of tetrandrine on interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-provoked inflammatory response in mesangial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary rat mesangial cells (PRMCs) were treated with IL-1β to induce inflammation to resemble glomerulonephritis. Cell viability, morphology and NO production were evaluated. Western blotting was applied for expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-κB-related molecules. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was performed to examine the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB. RESULTS TET, at concentrations up to 10 μg/ml, had no significant effect on viability of PRMCs. At non-toxic concentrations, TET inhibited expression of phosphorylated ERK as well as phosphorylated IKK, enhanced degradation of IκBα and reduced the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB in IL-1β-primed PRMCs, suggesting an inhibitory effect on ERK/NF-κB signaling. TET attenuated the IL-1β-provoked expression of iNOS and release of NO. Moreover, both the protein expression and gelatinase activity of MMP-9, but not MMP-2, were markedly suppressed by TET. SIGNIFICANCE TET down-regulated ERK/NF-κB signaling and inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators NO and MMP-9. Since these mediators appear to activate mesangial cells, TET may play an important role in prevention of glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Evaluation of the Possible Mechanisms of Antihypertensive Activity of Loranthus micranthus: An African Mistletoe. Biochem Res Int 2011; 2011:159439. [PMID: 21918720 PMCID: PMC3171764 DOI: 10.1155/2011/159439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Loranthus micranthus (LM), also called African mistletoe is a major Nigerian Loranthaceae plant used traditionally to treat hypertension. The methanolic leaf extract of the plant (LMME) has been shown to elicit anti-hypertensive activity in rats but mechanism remains unclear. This study was undertaken to study the effect of LM on pressor-induced contraction of rat aorta smooth muscles and serum lipid profiles in mice. The LMME was partitioned to produce n-butanol (NBF-LMME), chloroform (CF-LMME), ethyl acetate (EAF-LMME) and water (WF-LMME) fractions. The median effective concentrations and maximum relaxation of the fractions were determined against epinephrine and KCl pre-contracted rat aorta ring model. Serum lipid profiles and nitric oxide (NO) were determined spectrophotometrically in mice administered per orally 250 mg/kg b.w. of each fraction for 21 days. Data were analyzed statistically. NBF-LMME elicited the highest dose-dependent inhibitory effect on rat aorta pre-contracted with norepinephrine and KCl, followed in decreasing order by WF-LMME > CF-LMME > EAF-LMME. Similar order of activity was observed in the ability of these fractions to inhibit elevation in artherogenic lipids, raise serum nitric oxide and reduce cardiac arginase in mice. We conclude the anti-hypertensive activity of L. micranthus involve anti-artherogenic events, vasorelaxation, cardiac arginase reduction and NO elevation.
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D'Ocón P, Blázquez MA, Bermejo A, Anselmi E. Tetrandrine and Isotetrandrine, Two Bisbenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids from Menispermaceae, with Rat Uterine Smooth Muscle Relaxant Activity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 44:579-82. [PMID: 1357138 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb05468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effects of two bisbenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids, 1S, 1′S tetrandrine and its isomer 1R, 1′S isotetrandrine, were investigated in rat isolated uterus in order to identify the mechanism of relaxant action and to study the influence of the absolute configuration on the activity of these alkaloids. Both inhibited the uterine contraction induced by high K+, acetylcholine and oxytocin. In Ca2+-free medium, isotetrandrine relaxed the sustained contraction induced by oxytocin but tetrandrine did not. The relaxant effects of the alkaloids may be due to blockade of calcium influx through specific channels. Tetrandrine and isotetrandrine modify the calcium channel in a nonreversible manner whilst only isotetrandrine acts intracellularly. Tetrandrine shows a more specific relaxant activity as a calcium entry blocker.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D'Ocón
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
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Anselmi E, Fayos G, Blasco R, Candenas L, Cortes D, D'Ocon P. Selective Inhibition of Calcium Entry Induced by Benzylisoquinolines in Rat Smooth Muscle. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 44:337-43. [PMID: 1355547 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb03617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The mechanism of relaxant activity of six benzylisoquinolines was examined in order to determine the minimal structural requirements that enable these compounds to have either a non-specific action like papaverine or an inhibitory activity on calcium entry via potential-operated channels. All the alkaloids tested totally or partially relaxed KCl-depolarized rat uterus and inhibited oxytocin-induced rhythmic contractions. Only glaucine and laudanosine inhibited K+-induced uterine contractions more than oxytocin-induced uterine contractions. In Ca+-free medium, sustained contractions induced by oxytocin or vanadate were relaxed by the alkaloids tested except for glaucine and laudanosine indicating no inhibitory effect on intracellular calcium release. Those alkaloids containing an unsaturated heterocyclic ring (papaverine, papaverinol, papaveraldine, N-methylpapaverine and dehydropapaverine) exhibited a more specific activity than those with a tetrahydroisoquinoline ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Anselmi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
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26
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He BC, Gao JL, Zhang BQ, Luo Q, Shi Q, Kim SH, Huang E, Gao Y, Yang K, Wagner ER, Wang L, Tang N, Luo J, Liu X, Li M, Bi Y, Shen J, Luther G, Hu N, Zhou Q, Luu HH, Haydon RC, Zhao Y, He TC. Tetrandrine inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and suppresses tumor growth of human colorectal cancer. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 79:211-9. [PMID: 20978119 DOI: 10.1124/mol.110.068668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common malignancies, colon cancer is initiated by abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Although the treatment options have increased for some patients, overall progress has been modest. Thus, there is a great need to develop new treatments. We have found that bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid tetrandrine (TET) exhibits anticancer activity. TET is used as a calcium channel blocker to treat hypertensive and arrhythmic conditions in Chinese medicine. Here, we investigate the molecular basis underlying TET's anticancer activity. We compare TET with six chemotherapy drugs in eight cancer lines and find that TET exhibits comparable anticancer activities with camptothecin, vincristine, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin, and better than that of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and carboplatin. TET IC₅₀ is ≤5 μM in most of the tested cancer lines. TET exhibits synergistic anticancer activity with 5-FU and reduces migration and invasion capabilities of HCT116 cells. Furthermore, TET induces apoptosis and inhibits xenograft tumor growth of colon cancer. TET treatment leads to a decrease in β-catenin protein level in xenograft tumors, which is confirmed by T-cell factor/lymphocyte enhancer factor and c-Myc reporter assays. It is noteworthy that HCT116 cells with allelic oncogenic β-catenin deleted are less sensitive to TET-mediated inhibition of proliferation, viability, and xenograft tumor growth. Thus, our findings strongly suggest that the anticancer effect of TET in colon cancer may be at least in part mediated by targeting β-catenin activity. Therefore, TET may be used alone or in combination as an effective anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Cheng He
- Department of Pharmacology and the Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhou YD, Fang XF, Cui ZJ. UVA-induced calcium oscillations in rat mast cells. Cell Calcium 2009; 45:18-28. [PMID: 18602157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 04/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UVA is a major bio-active component in solar irradiation, and is shown to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The detailed molecular mechanism of UVA action in regard to calcium signaling in mast cells, however, is not fully understood. In this study, it was found that UVA induced ROS formation and cytosolic calcium oscillations in individual rat mast cells. Exogenously added H2O2 and hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XOD) mimicked UVA effects on cytosolic calcium increases. Regular calcium oscillation induced by UVA irradiation was inhibited completely by the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C inhibitor U73122, but U73343 was without effect. Tetrandrine, a calcium entry blocker, or calcium-free buffer abolished UVA-induced calcium oscillations. L-type calcium channel blocker nifedipine and stores-operated calcium channel blocker SK&F96365 had no such inhibitory effect. ROS induction by UVA was abolished after pre-incubation with anti-oxidant NAC or with NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor DPI; such treatment also made UVA-induced calcium oscillation to disappear. UVA irradiation did not increase mast cell diameter, but it made mast cell structure more granular. Spectral confocal imaging revealed that the emission spectrum of the endogenous fluorophore in single mast cell contained a sizable peak which corresponded to that of NAD(P)H. Taken together, these data suggest that UVA in rat mast cells could activate NAD(P)H oxidase, to produce ROS, which in turn activates phospholipase C signaling, to trigger regular cytosolic calcium oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong Zhou
- Institute of Cell Biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Tikhonov DB, Zhorov BS. Molecular modeling of benzothiazepine binding in the L-type calcium channel. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:17594-604. [PMID: 18397890 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800141200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Benz(othi)azepine (BTZ) derivatives constitute one of three major classes of L-type Ca(2+) channel ligands. Despite intensive experimental studies, no three-dimensional model of BTZ binding is available. Here we have built KvAP- and KcsA-based models of the Ca(v)1.2 pore domain in the open and closed states and used multiple Monte Carlo minimizations to dock representative ligands. In our open channel model, key functional groups of BTZs interact with BTZ-sensing residues, which were identified in previous mutational experiments. The bulky tricyclic moiety occupies interface between domains III and IV, while the ammonium group protrudes into the inner pore, where it is stabilized by nucleophilic C-ends of the pore helices. In the closed channel model, contacts with several ligand-sensing residues in the inner helices are lost, which weakens ligand-channel interactions. An important feature of the ligand-binding mode in both open and closed channels is an interaction between the BTZ carbonyl group and a Ca(2+) ion chelated by the selectivity filter glutamates in domains III and IV. In the absence of Ca(2+), the tricyclic BTZ moiety remains in the domain interface, while the ammonium group directly interacts with a glutamate residue in the selectivity filter. Our model suggests that the Ca(2+) potentiation involves a direct electrostatic interaction between aCa(2+) ion and the ligand rather than an allosteric mechanism. Energy profiles indicate that BTZs can reach the binding site from the domain interface, whereas access through the open activation gate is unlikely, because reorientation of the bulky molecule in the pore is hindered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B Tikhonov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- H Glossmann
- Institut für Biochemische Pharmakologie der Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Austria
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Porzig H. Pharmacological modulation of voltage-dependent calcium channels in intact cells. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 114:209-62. [PMID: 2155471 DOI: 10.1007/bfb0031020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Porzig
- Pharmakologisches Institut, Universität Bern, Switzerland
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Exley R, Iturriaga-Vásquez P, Lukas RJ, Sher E, Cassels BK, Bermudez I. Evaluation of benzyltetrahydroisoquinolines as ligands for neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 146:15-24. [PMID: 15980871 PMCID: PMC1576253 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of derivatives of coclaurine (C), which mimic the 'eastern' or the nonquaternary halves of the alkaloids tetrandrine or d-tubocurarine, respectively, both of which are inhibitors of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nACh), were examined on recombinant, human alpha7, alpha4beta2 and alpha4beta4 nACh receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes and clonal cell lines using two-electrode voltage clamping and radioligand binding techniques. In this limited series, Cs have higher affinity and are most potent at alpha4 subunit-containing-nACh receptors and least potent at homomeric alpha7 receptors, and this trend is very marked for the N-unsubstituted C and its O,O'-bisbenzyl derivative. 7-O-Benzyl-N-methylcoclaurine (BBCM) and its 12-O-methyl derivative showed the highest affinities and potencies at all three receptor subtypes, and this suggests that lipophilicity at C7 and/or C12 increases potency. Laudanosine and armepavine (A) were noncompetitive and voltage-dependent inhibitors of alpha7, alpha4beta2 or alpha4beta4 receptors, but the bulkier C7-benzylated 7BNMC (7-O-benzyl-N-methylcoclaurine) and 7B12MNMC (7-O-benzyl-N,12-O-dimethyl coclaurine) were voltage-independent, noncompetitive inhibitors of nACh receptors. Voltage-dependence was also lost on going from A to its N-ethyl analogue. These studies suggest that C derivatives may be useful tools for studies characterising the antagonist and ion channel sites on human alpha7, alpha4beta2 or alpha4beta4 nACh receptors and for revealing structure-function relationships for nACh receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Exley
- School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP
| | - Patricio Iturriaga-Vásquez
- Millennium Institute for Advanced Studies in Cell Biology and Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ronald J Lukas
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Emanuele Sher
- Eli Lilly and Co. Lilly Research Centre, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, Surrey
| | - Bruce K Cassels
- Millennium Institute for Advanced Studies in Cell Biology and Biotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isabel Bermudez
- School of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP
- Author for correspondence:
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Wang G, Lemos JR, Iadecola C. Herbal alkaloid tetrandrine: fron an ion channel blocker to inhibitor of tumor proliferation. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2004; 25:120-3. [PMID: 15058281 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2004.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Zhorov BS, Tikhonov DB. Potassium, sodium, calcium and glutamate-gated channels: pore architecture and ligand action. J Neurochem 2004; 88:782-99. [PMID: 14756799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the idea of common organization of certain ion channel families exhibiting diverse physiological and pharmacological properties has received strong experimental support. Transmembrane topologies and patterns of the pore-facing residues are conserved in P-loop channels that include high-selective cation channels and certain ligand-gated channels. X-ray structures of bacterial K+ channels, KcsA, MthK and KvAP, help to understand structure-function relationships of other P-loop channels. Data on binding sites and mechanisms of action of ligands of K+, Na+, Ca2+ and glutamate gated ion channels are considered in view of their possible structural similarity to the bacterial K+ channels. Emphasized are structural determinants of ligand-receptor interactions within the channels and mechanisms of state-dependent action of the ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris S Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Ribeiro RDA, do Carmo LG, Vladimirova I, Jurkiewicz NH, Jurkiewicz A. Nantenine blocks muscle contraction and Ca2+ transient induced by noradrenaline and K+ in rat vas deferens. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 470:37-43. [PMID: 12787829 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of nantenine, an aporphine alkaloid isolated from Ocotea macrophylla H.B.K., was studied on contractions and Ca(2+) translocation induced by noradrenaline, Ca(2+), or K(+) in the isolated rat vas deferens from reserpinized animals. Concentration-response curves of calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) were performed in the vas deferens, in a Ca(2+)-free nutrient solution, using potassium chloride (KCl, 80 mM) as a depolarizing agent. In these conditions, nantenine (2.35 x 10(-4) and 4.7 x 10(-4) M) significantly reduced the maximum contractions (E(max)) of Ca(2+) (IC(50)=2.6 x 10(-4) M) and noradrenaline (IC(50)=2.9 x 10(-4) M). The contractile responses were totally recovered after the withdrawal of nantenine. In addition, experiments performed to measure simultaneously the contraction and the increase of intracellular Ca(2+) induced by noradrenaline (10(-5) M) or KCl (80 mM) showed that nantenine (2.35 x 10(-4) and 4.7 x 10(-4) M) significantly decreased both effects. The results suggest that a reversible block of Ca(2+) entry could be involved on the non-competitive-like antagonism of nantenine in rat vas deferens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana de A Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hagiwara M, Adachi-Akahane S, Nagao T. High-affinity binding of [3H]DTZ323 to the diltiazem-binding site of L-type Ca2+ channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 466:63-71. [PMID: 12679142 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
D-cis-[N-Methyl-3H]-3-(acetyloxy)-5-[2-[[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-methylamino]ethyl]-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,5-benzothiazepine-4(5H)-one ([3H]DTZ323), a novel 1,5-benzothiazepine radioligand, was characterized in a ligand-receptor binding study. Specific binding of [3H]DTZ323 to rabbit skeletal muscle T-tubule membranes was saturable and reversible. Scatchard analysis indicated a single binding site with a K(d) value of 1.4 and 1.8 nM at 25 and 37 degrees C, respectively. DTZ323 and diltiazem derivatives inhibited specific [3H]DTZ323 binding with a rank order of DTZ323>DTZ417 (quaternary ammonium derivative of DTZ323)>diltiazem>L-cis-DTZ323. The affinity of DTZ323 was 51 times higher than that of diltiazem. [3H]DTZ323 binding was also completely inhibited by verapamil and tetrandrine, thus revealing the unique nature of the diltiazem-binding site. Specific [3H]DTZ323 binding to crude guinea pig ventricular membranes was inhibited by diltiazem, DTZ323 and its derivatives with IC(50) values close to those previously reported for the blockade of L-type Ca(2+) channel currents. These results indicate that [3H]DTZ323 is a potent and selective radioligand for the diltiazem-binding site of L-type Ca(2+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Hagiwara
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Bunkyo, Japan
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Slater Y, Houlihan LM, Cassels BK, Lukas RJ, Bermúdez I. Effects of the plant alkaloid tetrandrine on human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2002; 450:213-21. [PMID: 12208312 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Functional effects of the well-characterized antagonist of L-type Ca(2+) channels tetrandrine on recombinant human gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) (alpha1beta2gamma2s) receptor or human alpha7, alpha4beta2, alpha1beta1deltagamma and alpha1beta1delta epsilon nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes were examined using two-electrode voltage clamp. Tetrandrine inhibited the function of acetylcholine nicotinic receptors, but it had no effect on GABA(A) receptors. Potency of inhibition was influenced by the receptor subtype and the rank order was alpha4beta2>alpha7>alpha1beta1deltagamma congruent with alpha1beta1delta epsilon. Functional inhibition of alpha4beta2 and alpha1beta1deltagamma receptors was noncompetitive, but only inhibition of alpha1beta1deltagamma receptors was voltage-dependent. Binding of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin to alpha1beta1deltagamma or 3H-cytisine to alpha4beta2 receptors was also inhibited by tetrandrine, but inhibition was noncompetitive and required concentrations higher than those needed to inhibit receptor function. Inhibition of both alpha7 receptor function and binding of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin to alpha7 receptor were mixed competitive/noncompetitive and occurred at a similar concentration range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Slater
- Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
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Abstract
The chemical composition of plants can vary according to factors such as soil and time of collection. Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) D.C. var. adscendens (Papillionaceae) is a plant employed in the treatment of asthma in Ghana, Africa. Studies have shown that butanolic extract inhibits contraction of the ileum and trachea in guinea pigs. In Mato Grosso, this plant is used only in the treatment of ovarian inflammation. The objective of this work was to verify if the plant found in Mato Grosso also relaxes smooth muscle and to understand better its action. The cumulative application of the butanolic fraction relaxed the contraction maintained in the isolated anococcygeus of a rat, induced by high potassium, but not that induced by phenylephrine. Relaxation was not altered by methylene blue. The butanolic fraction reduced in a concentration-dependent way the maximum response of concentration-response curve to calcium in the anococcygeus muscle. The results suggest that the butanolic fraction acts, at least partly, through the blockade of voltage-sensitive Ca+2 channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Barreto
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa Costa, s/n, CEP 78060-900, Coxipó, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
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Wang HL, Kilfeather SA, Martin GR, Page CP. Effects of tetrandrine on growth factor-induced DNA synthesis and proliferative response of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2000; 13:53-60. [PMID: 10799282 DOI: 10.1006/pupt.2000.0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of tetrandrine (a plant alkaloid isolated from Stephenia tetrandra) on growth factor-induced DNA synthesis and proliferative responses of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Male rat and bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) were cultured in Medium 199 containing FBS (10%). DNA synthesis was monitored from [(3)H]-thymidine uptake and cell proliferation by direct cell counting. In the present study FBS (1% v/v) caused a small increase in DNA synthesis above basal levels in rat and bovine PASMC (6% and 11% respectively). Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF, 50 ng/ml), fibroblast growth factor (FGF, 50 ng/ml) or interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha, 100 pg/ml) alone increased rat PASMC proliferation (69-85%) and DNA synthesis above basal levels (76-92%). The addition of these growth factors in combination with FBS (1%) resulted in higher increases in DNA synthesis above basal levels (rat PASMC:PDGF, 465%; FGF, 421%; IL-1alpha, 406%; bovine PASMC:PDGF, 279%). Tetrandrine (10(-5) M) inhibited FBS (10%)-induced rat PASMC proliferation (90.5%) and DNA synthesis (89.0%). Tetrandrine significantly inhibited cell proliferation (86.5-98.5%) and DNA synthesis (79.9-89.0%) induced by FBS (1%) in combination with one of the following mitogens; PDGF (50 ng/ml), FGF (50 ng/ml), IL-1alpha (100 pg/ml). The inhibitory effects of tetrandrine were observed between 10(-6) and 10(-5)M and PASMC viability was not affected by tetrandrine below 3x10(-5) m. In summary, these results suggest that tetrandrine can exert anti-proliferative effects against a range of mitogenic stimuli for vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. Such effects may contribute to the inhibitory effect of tetrandrine on pulmonary vascular remodelling associated with pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
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Choi HS, Kim HS, Min KR, Kim Y, Lim HK, Chang YK, Chung MW. Anti-inflammatory effects of fangchinoline and tetrandrine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 69:173-179. [PMID: 10687873 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fangchinoline and tetrandrine are the major alkaloids from Stephania tetrandrae S. Moore which has been used traditionally for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in oriental countries including Korea. Both fangchinoline and tetrandrine showed anti-inflammatory effects on mouse ear edema induced by croton oil. In addition, the effects of fangchinoline and tetrandrine on cyclooxygenase, murine interleukin-5 (mIL-5) and human interleukin-6 (hIL-6) were examined in vitro to investigate the anti-inflammatory action mechanisms. One hundred micromolar of fangchinoline showed 35% of inhibition on cyclooxygenase, but the same concentration of tetrandrine did not show any inhibition. On the other hand, 12.5 microM of tetrandrine exhibited 95% of inhibition on mIL-5 activity, while fangchinoline did not show any effects. However, 4 microM of fangchinoline and 6 microM of tetrandrine showed 63 and 86% of inhibitions on hIL-6 activity, respectively. These results suggest that biochemical mechanisms of fangchinoline and tetrandrine on anti-inflammation are significantly different even though they are similar in chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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Using Chemical Ecology to Locate New Antifungal Natural Products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1572-5995(00)80023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Abstract
The effects of tetrandrine, a Ca2+ antagonist of bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid origin, on endothelium-dependent and -independent vascular responsiveness were investigated in perfused rat mesenteric artery. In endothelium-intact preparations pre-contracted with 3 microM phenylephrine and fully relaxed by 0.3 microM acetylcholine tetrandrine caused a rapid transient contraction. In endothelium-denuded preparations, tetrandrine caused only vasorelaxation of phenylephrine-contraction. The biphasic effect of tetrandrine in acetylcholine-relaxed preparations could also be mimicked by sequential applications of atropine/tetrandrine or N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methylester (L-NAME)/tetrandrine, but atropine or L-NAME alone caused only vasoconstriction. This tetrandrine-induced transient vasoconstriction was also observed in preparations relaxed with ATP, histamine or thapsigargin (TSG), but not those relaxed with A23187, sodium nitroprusside or nifedipine. The present results suggest that tetrandrine, in addition to its known inhibitory effects on vascular smooth muscle by virtue of its Ca2+ antagonistic actions, also inhibits NO production by the endothelial cells possibly by blockade of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Kwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Catret M, Anselmi E, Ivorra MD, Elorriaga M, Tur R, D'Ocón MP. Alpha-adrenoceptor interaction of tetrandrine and isotetrandrine in the rat: functional and binding assays. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998; 50:1267-73. [PMID: 9877313 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb03344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The action of 1S,1'S-tetrandrine, a bisbenzyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, on alpha1-adrenoceptors has been compared with that of its isomer 1R,1'S-isotetrandrine. The work includes binding assays to analyse the affinity of these products for the [3H]prazosin binding site of rat cerebral cortical membranes and functional studies on rat isolated aorta to examine the effects of both alkaloids on intracellular calcium processes related or not to alpha-adrenoceptor activation. A radioligand receptor-binding study showed that both compounds interacted with the alpha1-adrenoceptors displacing [3H]prazosin from the specific binding site. The Ki values (inhibition constants) were 0.69+/-0.12 and 1.6+/-0.4 microM for tetrandrine and isotetrandrine, respectively. The functional studies showed that both alkaloids concentration-dependently inhibited noradrenaline-induced contraction in Ca2+-free solution (IC50 values, i.e. the concentrations needed to induce 50% inhibition, were 252.8 and 174.9 microM for tetrandrine and isotetrandrine, respectively), the spontaneous contractile response elicited by extracellular calcium after depletion of noradrenaline-sensitive intracellular stores (increase in resting tone; IC50 values 11.6 and 19.6 microM for tetrandrine and isotetrandrine, respectively) and the refilling of intracellular Ca2+ stores sensitive to noradrenaline (IC50 values 7.4 and 14.9 microM for tetrandrine and isotetrandrine, respectively). The results show that tetrandrine and isotetrandrine interact with alpha1-adrenoceptors by displacing the [3H]prazosin binding site and that both compounds inhibit mainly the Ca2+-dependent process and have less action on alpha1-adrenoceptors. Tetrandrine is more potent than isotetrandrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Catret
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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Dong H, Earle ML, Jiang Y, Loutzenhiser KA, Triggle CR. Cardiovascular effects of CPU-23, a novel L-type calcium channel blocker with a unique molecular structure. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 122:1271-8. [PMID: 9421272 PMCID: PMC1565070 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The cardiovascular effects of CPU-23 (1-[1-[(6-methoxy)-naphth-2-yl]]-ethyl-2-(1-piperidinyl)-acetyl-6, 7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline), a cleavage product of tetrandrine, were investigated using the whole cell perforated patch-clamp technique, in vitro tension measurements and in vivo haemodynamic recordings. 2. CPU-23 (1 and 10 microM) dose-dependently reduced concentration-response curves for KCl and phenylephrine (PE) in the rat tail artery; inhibition of KCl-induced contraction was much more potent than for PE. At the same concentrations, CPU-23 inhibited the inward Ba2+ currents in single smooth muscle cells isolated from the rat tail artery, while CPU-23 (10 microM) produced 95% vasorelaxation of the rat middle cerebral artery preconstricted with BayK 8644. 3. CPU-23 (10 and 30 microM) inhibited the noradrenaline-induced phasic contraction of the rat tail artery in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ from 40% of control to 23% and 14%, respectively (P<0.01) and tonic contraction of the artery after addition of Ca2+ (2 mM) from 100% of control to 83% and 75%, respectively (P<0.01). In the presence of extracellular Ca2+ the PE-induced contraction was reduced by CPU-23 (30 and 100 microM) to 27% and 37%, respectively. 4. The haemodynamic profile of CPU-23 in the rat was very similar to diltiazem. At 5 mg kg(-1) CPU-23 induced a rapid onset and long-lasting decrease in left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), maximal velocity of pressure increase (dP/dt(max)), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR). When haemodynamic actions of CPU-23, verapamil, diltiazem and nifedipine were compared at equidepressor doses, the order of potency for reducing LVSP and dP/dt(max) was verapamil > CPU-23 = diltiazem > nifedipine and the order of potency for decreasing HR was verapamil = CPU-23 = diltiazem > nifedipine. 5. These data indicate that CPU-23 is a novel calcium channel blocker with unique molecular structure, which exerts antihypertensive and cardiac depressant effects due primarily to its action on L-type voltage-gated calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Kim HS, Zhang YH, Oh KW, Ahn HY. Vasodilating and hypotensive effects of fangchinoline and tetrandrine on the rat aorta and the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 1997; 58:117-123. [PMID: 9406900 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(97)00092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Comparative studies of the effects of tetrandrine (TET) and fangchinoline (FAN), two major components of the Radix of Stephannia tetrandrae, on vasodilations and on calcium movement in vascular smooth muscle, and studies of hypotensive effects on stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) were performed in the following experiments. TET and FAN inhibited high K+ (65.4 mM) and induced sustained contraction in the rat aorta smooth muscle strips. IC50 values for TET and FAN were 0.27 +/- 0.05 microM (n = 6) and 9.53 +/- 1.57 microM (n = 6), respectively, and this inhibition was antagonized by increasing the Ca2+ concentration in the medium. The IC50 of TET for norepinephrine (NE)-induced contraction (0.86 +/- 0.04 g) was 3.08 +/- 0.05 microM (n = 4), and the IC50 of FAN for NE-induced contraction (0.88 +/- 0.07 g) was 14.20 +/- 0.40 microM (n = 4). At the molecular level, radiolabelled 45Ca2+ uptake tests revealed that TET and FAN also inhibited high K+ (65.4 mM) and 1 microM NE-stimulated Ca2+ influx in rat aorta strips at the maximal concentration was needed to inhibit the contraction. TET (3 mg/kg) and FAN (30 mg/kg) administered by intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection also lowered the mean arterial pressure (MAP) significantly during the period of observation in conscious SHRSP, respectively. These results showed that TET was more potent than FAN in blocking calcium channels and antihypertensive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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46
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Wu SN, Hwang TL, Jan CR, Tseng CJ. Ionic mechanisms of tetrandrine in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 327:233-8. [PMID: 9200565 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(97)89666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ionic mechanism of tetrandrine, an alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medicinal herb Radix stephania tetrandrae, was investigated in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells. The nystatin-perforated whole-cell voltage-clamp technique was performed to examine the effects of tetrandrine on ionic currents. Tetrandrine (1-100 microM) reversibly caused an inhibition of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ current (I(Ca,L)) in a concentration-dependent manner. Tetrandrine did not cause any change in the overall shape of the current-voltage relationship of I(Ca,L). The IC50 value of tetrandrine-induced inhibition of I(Ca,L) was 5 microM. In the presence of Bay K 8644 (3 microM) or cyclopiazonic acid (30 microM), tetrandrine still produced a significant inhibition of I(Ca,L). The inhibitory effects of tetrandrine on I(Ca,L) exhibited tonic and use-dependent characteristics. Moreover. tetrandrine (3 microM) shifted the steady-state inactivation curve of I(Ca,L) to more negative membrane potentials by approximately -15 mV. These results indicate that tetrandrine directly inhibits the voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+ current in vascular smooth muscle cells, which may predominantly contribute to the vasodilatory actions of tetrandrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Wu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Veterans General Hospital-Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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Safayhi H, Haase H, Kramer U, Bihlmayer A, Roenfeldt M, Ammon HP, Froschmayr M, Cassidy TN, Morano I, Ahlijanian MK, Striessnig J. L-type calcium channels in insulin-secreting cells: biochemical characterization and phosphorylation in RINm5F cells. Mol Endocrinol 1997; 11:619-29. [PMID: 9139805 DOI: 10.1210/mend.11.5.9922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Opening of dihydropyridine-sensitive voltage-dependent L-type Ca2+-channels (LTCCs) represents the final common pathway for insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells and related cell lines. In insulin-secreting cells their exact subunit composition is unknown. We therefore investigated the subunit structure of (+)-[3H]isradipine-labeled LTCCs in insulin-secreting RINm5F cells. Using subunit-specific antibodies we demonstrate that alpha1C subunits (199 kDa, short form) contribute only a minor portion of the total alpha1 immunoreactivity in membranes and partially purified Ca2+-channel preparations. However, alpha1C forms a major constituent of (+)-[3H]isradipine-labeled LTCCs as 54% of solubilized (+)-[3H]isradipine-binding activity was specifically immunoprecipitated by alpha1C antibodies. Phosphorylation of immunopurified alpha1C with cAMP-dependent protein kinase revealed the existence of an additional 240-kDa species (long form), that remained undetected in Western blots. Fifty seven percent of labeled LTCCs were immunoprecipitated by an anti-beta-antibody directed against all known beta-subunits. Isoform-specific antibodies revealed that these mainly corresponded to beta1b- and beta3-subunits. We found beta2- and beta4-subunits to be major constituents of cardiac and brain L-type channels, respectively, but not part of L-type channels in RINm5F cells. We conclude that alpha1C is a major constituent of dihydropyridine-labeled LTCCs in RINm5F cells, its long form serving as a substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. beta1b- and beta3-Subunits were also found to associate with L-type channels in these cells. These isoforms may therefore represent biochemical targets for the modulation of LTCC activity in RINm5F cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Safayhi
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Lehrstuhl Pharmakologie, Universität Tübingen, Germany
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48
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Pang L, Hoult JR. Cytotoxicity to macrophages of tetrandrine, an antisilicosis alkaloid, accompanied by an overproduction of prostaglandins. Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 53:773-82. [PMID: 9113098 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(96)00817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tetrandrine, an anti-inflammatory immunosuppressive bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid of Chinese herbal origin, is widely used to treat silicosis and interferes with the regulation of calcium in many cell types. We investigated its effect on the cellular integrity of macrophages and on their ability to generate prostaglandins and nitric oxide, mediators of inflammation with immunomodulatory roles. Tetrandrine at 10(-7) M to 10(-4) M caused dose- and time-dependent loss of cell viability of mouse peritoneal macrophages, guinea-pig alveolar macrophages and mouse macrophage-like J774 cells. Loss of viability (50%) occurred within 1-3 hr and required approximately 5 x 10(-6) M tetrandrine. Loss of macrophage viability after tetrandrine treatment was accompanied by the generation of large amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), to levels 285-877% of control. Coincubation with indomethacin abolished PGE2 generation, but did not prevent cell death. Tetrandrine did not cause generation of nitric oxide. Verapamil also reduced the viability of mouse peritoneal macrophages and J774 cells, but did not cause PGE2 overproduction, except at 10(-4) M in mouse peritoneal macrophages. In macrophages cultured with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma to induce the generation of large amounts of both PGE2 and nitric oxide, tetrandrine reduced mediator release and their forming enzymes (cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase), secondary to cytotoxicity. The predominant action of tetrandrine is to exert a cytotoxic effect on macrophages, perhaps by interfering with calcium homeostasis; this leads to overproduction of immunomodulatory but proinflammatory prostaglandin. This may be relevant to its protective actions in human fibrosing silicosis, in which there is alveolar macrophage involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pang
- Pharmacology Group, King's College London, U.K
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Chen F, Sun S, Kuhn DC, Lu Y, Gaydos LJ, Shi X, Demers LM. Tetrandrine inhibits signal-induced NF-kappa B activation in rat alveolar macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997; 231:99-102. [PMID: 9070227 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tetrandrine is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from a natural Chinese herbal medicine. While this alkaloid has been shown to exhibit antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory activities, its mechanism of action is unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of tetrandrine on NF-kappa B activation in the alveolar macrophage. Three different provocative stimuli were used to activate NF-kappa B in these cells. The results indicate that tetrandrine can inhibit the activation of NF-kappa B and NF-kappa B-dependent reporter gene expression by LPS, PMA, and silica in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, at the doses used, tetrandrine did not interfere with Sp-1 DNA binding activity or Sp-1-dependent reporter gene expression in these cells. Western blot analysis suggests that the inhibitory effect of tetrandrine on NF-kappa B activation can be attributed to its ability to suppress signal-induced degradation of I kappa B alpha, a cytoplasmic inhibitor of the NF-kappa B transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, USA. /
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50
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Wang HX, Kwan CY, Wong TM. Tetrandrine inhibits electrically induced [Ca2+]i transient in the isolated single rat cardiomyocyte. Eur J Pharmacol 1997; 319:115-22. [PMID: 9030906 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(96)00834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of tetrandrine on the electrically induced elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]i, in the single isolated rat cardiomyocyte was studied with a fluorometric ratio method using fura-2 acetomethylester (fura-2/AM) was Ca2+ indicator. Tetrandrine (3-100 microM) concentration and time dependently inhibited the amplitude of the [Ca2+]i transient without any significant effect on the resting level of [Ca2+]i. At high concentrations (60-100 microM), tetrandrine also prolonged the time to reach the peak (t1.0) and the time to decline the 20% of the peak level (t0.2) of the electrically induced [Ca2+]i transient. The effect of tetrandrine was fast in onset and fully reversible upon washout. Tetrandrine (10 microM) partially inhibited the elevation of [Ca2+]i in response to KCl-induced depolarization. Verapamil and diltiazem mimicked the effects of tetrandrine given at low concentrations, but not at high concentrations. At high concentrations, tetrandrine reduced the magnitude of the caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i transient. Tetrandrine (100 microM) administered after thapsigargin, which itself decreased the amplitude and prolonged the duration of the electrically induced [Ca2+]i transient, further decreased the amplitude of the [Ca2+]i elevation. After ryanodine, which itself decreased the amplitude of the [Ca2+]i transient, 100 microM tetrandrine not only further reduced the amplitude, but also prolonged the duration of the electrically induced [Ca2+]i transient. These results provide evidence that in addition to its inhibitory effect on Ca2+ influx at the sarcolemma at the therapeutically relevant concentrations, tetrandrine at high concentrations may inhibit Ca2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- H X Wang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulum, Hong Kong
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