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de la Torre M, Gómez-Botrán JL, Olivera ER, Bermejo F, Rodríguez-Morán J, Luengo JM. Histamine catabolism in Pseudomonas putida U: identification of the genes, catabolic enzymes and regulators. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:1828-1841. [PMID: 29614211 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the catabolic pathway required for the degradation of the biogenic amine histamine (Hin) was genetically and biochemically characterized in Pseudomonas putida U. The 11 proteins (HinABCDGHFLIJK) that participate in this pathway are encoded by genes belonging to three loci hin1, hin2 and hin3 and by the gene hinK. The enzymes HinABCD catalyze the transport and oxidative deamination of histamine to 4-imidazoleacetic acid (ImAA). This reaction is coupled to those of other well-known enzymatic systems (DadXAR and CoxBA-C) that ensure both the recovery of the pyruvate required for Hin deamination and the genesis of the energy needed for Hin uptake. The proteins HinGHFLKIJ catalyze the sequential transformation of ImAA to fumaric acid via N2 -formylisoasparagine, formylaspartic acid and aspartic acid. The identified Hin pathway encompasses all the genes and proteins (transporters, energizing systems, catabolic enzymes and regulators) needed for the biological degradation of Hin. Our work was facilitated by the design and isolation of genetically engineered strains that degrade Hin or ImAA and of mutants that accumulate Ala, Asp and Hin catabolites. The implications of this research with respect to potential biotechnological applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel de la Torre
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultades de Veterinaria y de Biología, Universidad de León, León 24071, España
| | - José L Gómez-Botrán
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultades de Veterinaria y de Biología, Universidad de León, León 24071, España
| | - Elías R Olivera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultades de Veterinaria y de Biología, Universidad de León, León 24071, España
| | - Francisco Bermejo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, España
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-Morán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, España
| | - José M Luengo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultades de Veterinaria y de Biología, Universidad de León, León 24071, España
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Matsui D, Im DH, Sugawara A, Fukuta Y, Fushinobu S, Isobe K, Asano Y. Mutational and crystallographic analysis of l-amino acid oxidase/monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. AIU 813: Interconversion between oxidase and monooxygenase activities. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:220-8. [PMID: 24693490 PMCID: PMC3970082 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, it was shown for the first time that l-amino acid oxidase of Pseudomonas sp. AIU813, renamed as l-amino acid oxidase/monooxygenase (l-AAO/MOG), exhibits l-lysine 2-monooxygenase as well as oxidase activity. l-Lysine oxidase activity of l-AAO/MOG was increased in a p-chloromercuribenzoate (p-CMB) concentration-dependent manner to a final level that was five fold higher than that of the non-treated enzyme. In order to explain the effects of modification by the sulfhydryl reagent, saturation mutagenesis studies were carried out on five cysteine residues, and we succeeded in identifying l-AAO/MOG C254I mutant enzyme, which showed five-times higher specific activity of oxidase activity than that of wild type. The monooxygenase activity shown by the C254I variant was decreased significantly. Moreover, we also determined a high-resolution three-dimensional structure of l-AAO/MOG to provide a structural basis for its biochemical characteristics. The key residue for the activity conversion of l-AAO/MOG, Cys-254, is located near the aromatic cage (Trp-418, Phe-473, and Trp-516). Although the location of Cys-254 indicates that it is not directly involved in the substrate binding, the chemical modification by p-CMB or C254I mutation would have a significant impact on the substrate binding via the side chain of Trp-516. It is suggested that a slight difference of the binding position of a substrate can dictate the activity of this type of enzyme as oxidase or monooxygenase.
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Key Words
- 4-AA, 4-aminoantipyrine
- CHCA, α-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
- Crystallography
- FMOs, flavin monooxygenases
- Flavin monooxygenases
- Flavin-containing monoamine oxidase family
- LB, Luria–Bertani
- LGOX, l-glutamate oxidase
- MAO, flavin-containing monoamine oxidase
- PAO, l-phenylalanine oxidase
- Saturation mutagenesis
- TFA, trifluoroacetic acid
- TMO, l-tryptophan 2-monooxygenase
- TOOS, N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxy-3-sulfopropyl)-3-methylaniline
- amid, amide hydrolase gene
- l-AAO, l-amino acid oxidase
- l-AAO/MOG, l-amino acid oxidase/monooxygenase
- l-Amino acid oxidase/monooxygenase
- laao/mog, l-amino acid oxidase/monooxygenase gene
- p-CMB, p-chloromercuribenzoate
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Matsui
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan ; Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu,Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Do-Hyun Im
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Asami Sugawara
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Fukuta
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Shinya Fushinobu
- Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu,Toyama 939-0398, Japan ; Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kimiyasu Isobe
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan ; Asano Active Enzyme Molecule Project, ERATO, JST, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu,Toyama 939-0398, Japan
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Kirschenbaum DM. Molar absorptivity and 1 1cm values for proteins at selected wavelengths of the ultraviolet and visible region. IV. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEIN RESEARCH 2009; 3:329-37. [PMID: 5137322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1971.tb01727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Schepky AG, Schmidt AM, Schmidt T, Schulz-Knappe P, Forssmann WG. Determination of sulfated peptides by differential iodination. BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY HOPPE-SEYLER 1994; 375:201-3. [PMID: 8011176 DOI: 10.1515/bchm3.1994.375.3.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A sequential approach was developed to label tyrosine sulfate and peptides containing tyrosine sulfate selectively. Amino acids and peptides containing tyrosine and tyrosine sulfate were first iodinated using chloramine-T-method. Reaction products were determined by RP-HPLC. Mono- and biiodination of tyrosine and several model peptides was achieved within 120 s incubation time. Iodination of free tyrosine sulfate and sulfated cholecystokinin26-33 was less than 5%. After desulfation of the reaction products with 1 N HCl successful radioiodination of desulfated tyrosine was carried out whereas tyrosine did incorporate radioactive iodine only 10%. As shown by RP-HPLC specific labeling of tyrosine sulfate containing peptides with 125iodine was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Schepky
- Niedersächsisches Institut für Peptid-Forschung GmbH, Hannover, Germany
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Yui Y, Hattori R, Kosuga K, Eizawa H, Hiki K, Kawai C. Purification of nitric oxide synthase from rat macrophages. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)98932-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Trower MK, Buckland RM, Griffin M. Characterization of an FMN-containing cyclohexanone monooxygenase from a cyclohexane-grown Xanthobacter sp. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 181:199-206. [PMID: 2540966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A soluble cyclohexanone monooxygenase was purified 16.1-fold to homogeneity from a Xanthobacter sp. grown upon cyclohexane as sole source of carbon and energy. The native enzyme is a 50-kDa single polypeptide chain associated with FMN rather than FAD as flavin prosthetic group in a 1:1 stoichiometric relationship. The monooxygenase catalyses the transformation of cyclohexanone to the lactone 1-oxa-2-oxocycloheptane in an oxygen ring insertion reaction. Only related cycloalkanone substrates are accepted for oxygenation, no activity is shown towards straight-chain alkanones. Enzyme activity is strongly inhibited by sulphydryl-reactive agents, but is relatively insensitive to metal chelators, electron transport inhibitors and the metal ions Fe3+ and Cu2+. Cyclohexanone monooxygenase has Km values for cyclohexanone and NADPH of less than 0.5 microM and 12.5 microM respectively. Kinetic investigations under steady-state conditions demonstrate that the flavoprotein prosthetic group, FMN, is involved in the monooxygenase catalytic mechanism. The systematic name for the enzyme is cyclohexanone, NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (6-hydroxylating, 1,2-lactonizing) (EC 1.14.13.22).
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Trower
- Department of Life Sciences, Trent Polytechnic, Nottingham, England
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Imamura I, Maeyama K, Wada H, Watanabe T. Determination of imidazole acetic acid and its conjugate(s) levels in urine, serum and tissues of rats: studies on changes in their levels under various conditions. Br J Pharmacol 1984; 82:701-7. [PMID: 6743919 PMCID: PMC1986999 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1984.tb10809.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A convenient and reproducible method for assay of imidazole acetic acid (ImAA) was developed as a modification of that described previously (Watanabe et al., 1983). ImAA conjugate(s) (ImAA-C), mainly consisting of imidazole acetic acid riboside, could be measured by this method after its hydrolysis to ImAA. The ImAA and ImAA-C levels in various tissues of rats were measured and the effects of various agents on these levels were studied. The renal clearance values of ImAA-C in rats and man were similar to the creatinine clearance values, but those of ImAA were 1/40 of those of ImAA-C, suggesting that the latter is readily excreted in the urine. Consistent with this idea, the urinary excretion of ImAA-C was found to increase much more than that of other histamine metabolites during late pregnancy, when the foetus produces much histamine.
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Watanabe T, Kambe H, Imamura I, Taguchi Y, Tamura T, Wada H. Method for enzymatic determination of imidazole acetic acid. Anal Biochem 1983; 130:321-7. [PMID: 6869819 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A method for enzymatic assay of imidazole acetic acid (ImAA) was developed, based on the strict substrate specificity of imidazole acetate monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. [Maki et al. (1969) J. Biol. Chem., 244., 2942-2950], which catalyzes concomitant conversion of NADH to NAD+. Thus, ImAA was determined by measuring decrease in absorbancy at 340 nm. Tissue extracts were partially purified and/or concentrated by column chromatography on Bio-Rad AG-1 before enzymatic assay. The lowest measurable level of ImAA by this method was 2 nmol.
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Spetnagel WJ, Klotz IM. Oxidation of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by a flavin derivative of polyethylenimine. Biopolymers 1978. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.1978.360170704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Elmorsi EA, Hopper DJ. The purification and properties of 4-hydroxyisophthalate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9866. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 76:197-208. [PMID: 18349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Donoghue NA, Norris DB, Trudgill PW. The purification and properties of cyclohexanone oxygenase from Nocardia globerula CL1 and Acinetobacter NCIB 9871. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1976; 63:175-92. [PMID: 1261545 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1976.tb10220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. Cyclohexanone oxygenases from Norcardia globerula CL1 and Acinetobacter NCIB 9871 have been purified 12-fold and 35-fold respectively and each gives a single symmetrical sedimentation peak in the ultracentrifuge and a single protein band on 2.25 nm average pore radius polyacrylamide gels. 2. The enzyme from N. globerula has a molecular weight of 53000 while that from Acinetobacter has a molecular weight of about 59000. Each is a single polypeptide chain with one mole of bound FAD per mole of protein that does not dissociate during purification. Acidification of the Acinetobacter enzyme in the presence of (NH4)2SO4 releases the bound FAD and yields native apoenzyme from which the active holoenzyme can be reconstituted. The apparent dissociation constant for the FAD is 40 nM.
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Yamauchi T, Yamamoto S, Hayaishi O. A possible involvement of sulfhydryl groups in the conversion of lysine monooxygenase to an oxidase. J Biol Chem 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ishimura Y, Hayaishi O. Noninvolvement of Copper in the l-Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase Reaction. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Strickland S, Massey V. The Purification and Properties of the Flavoprotein Melilotate Hydroxylase. J Biol Chem 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)44099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Hayaishi O, Okuno S, Fujisawa H. Inhibition of brain tryptophan 5-monooxygenase by aquayamycin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1970; 39:643-50. [PMID: 5490213 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)90253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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