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Edmundson AB. Reminiscences: joyous moments along the road from here to there and back again. J Mol Recognit 2002; 15:227-39. [PMID: 12447899 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allen B Edmundson
- The Crystallography Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City 73104, USA.
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2
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Poly WJ. Nongenetic variation, genetic-environmental interactions and altered gene expression. III. Posttranslational modifications. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART A, PHYSIOLOGY 1997; 118:551-72. [PMID: 9406434 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9629(96)00041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of protein electrophoretic data for determining the relationships among species or populations is widespread and generally accepted. However, posttranslational modifications have been discovered in many of the commonly analyzed proteins and enzymes. Posttranslational modifications often alter the electrophoretic mobility of the modified enzyme or protein. Because posttranslational modifications may affect only a fraction of the total enzyme or protein, an additional staining band often appears on gels as a result, and this may confound interpretations. Deamidation, acteylation, proteolytic modification, and oxidation of sulfhydryl groups are modifications that often result in an electrophoretic mobility shift. Sialic acid-induced heterogeneity has been documented for many enzymes, but neuraminidase treatment can often remove sialic acids and produce gel patterns that are easier to interpret. In some cases, ontogenetic and tissue-specific expression may be due to posttranslational modifications rather than gene control and restricted expression, respectively. Methods of preventing, detecting and eliminating posttranslational modifications are discussed. Some posttranslational modifications may be useful for detecting cryptic genetic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Poly
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, 62901-6501, USA
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3
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di Prisco G, Tamburrini M. The hemoglobins of marine and freshwater fish: the search for correlations with physiological adaptation. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 102:661-71. [PMID: 1395501 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90062-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G di Prisco
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
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4
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Caruso C, Rutigliano B, Romano M, di Prisco G. The hemoglobins of the cold-adapted Antarctic teleost Cygnodraco mawsoni. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1991; 1078:273-82. [PMID: 2065095 DOI: 10.1016/0167-4838(91)90569-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The blood of the teleost Cygnodraco mawsoni, of the endemic Antarctic family Bathydraconidae, contains a major hemoglobin (Hb 1), accompanied by a minor component (Hb 2, about 5% of total). The two hemoglobins have identical alpha chains and differ by the beta chain. The complete amino acid sequence of the three chains has been elucidated, thus establishing the primary structure of both hemoglobins. The sequences show a 53-65% identity with non-Antarctic poikilotherm fish species; on the other hand, a very high degree of similarity (83-88%) has been found between Hb 1 and the major component of another Antarctic species of a different family. The hemoglobin functional properties relative to oxygen binding have been investigated in intact erythrocytes, 'stripped' hemolysate and purified components of C. mawsoni. The hemoglobins display the Bohr and Root effects, indicating fine regulation of oxygen binding by pH and by the physiological effectors organic phosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Caruso
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, C.N.R., Naples, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Powers
- Hopkins Marine Station, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California 93950
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6
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D'Avino R, Camardella L, Carratore V, di Prisco G. The amino acid sequence of the alpha chain of HB 2 completes the primary structure of the hemoglobins of the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps neglecta. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1990; 97:803-7. [PMID: 2085961 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(90)90125-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
1. The blood of Notothenia coriiceps neglecta (a cold-adapted notothenioid fish, widely distributed in Antarctic waters, and characterized by a relatively low content of erythrocytes and hemoglobin), contains two hemoglobin components, Hb 1 and Hb 2; the amino acid sequences of the beta chain of Hb 1 and Hb 2 are identical. 2. The amino acid sequence of the alpha chain of Hb 2 has been established, thus completing the elucidation of the primary structure of the two hemoglobins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D'Avino
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
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7
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D'Avino R, Caruso C, Schininà ME, Rutigliano B, Romano M, Camardella L, Bossa F, Barra D, di Prisco G. The amino acid sequence of the alpha- and beta-chains of the two hemoglobins of the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps neglecta. FEBS Lett 1989; 250:53-6. [PMID: 2737301 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(89)80683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The blood of the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps neglecta contains two hemoglobins, Hb 1 and Hb 2, which have a beta-chain in common. We have elucidated the primary structure of the beta-chain (146 residues) and of the alpha-chains (142 residues) of the two hemoglobins. The two alpha-chains differ from each other by 51 residues; in comparison with globin sequences of temperate fishes, the alpha-chain of Hb 1 is more similar to that of bluefin tuna than to the alpha-chain of Hb 2 of the same species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D'Avino
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, CNR, Naples, Italy
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8
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D'Avino R, Caruso C, Romano M, Camardella L, Rutigliano B, Di Prisco G. Hemoglobin from the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps neglecta. 2. Amino acid sequence of the alpha chain of Hb1. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1989; 179:707-13. [PMID: 2920735 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The complete amino acid sequence of the alpha chain of the main hemoglobin of the Antarctic fish Notothenia coriiceps neglecta (family Nototheniidae) has been determined. It consists of 142 residues; an acetylated seryl residue is at the amino terminal. The molecular mass is 15,519 Da. In comparison with alpha-chain sequences of non-Antarctic poikilothermic fish hemoglobins, the homology appears to be significantly lower than that existing among the latter species. A higher homology has been found with the alpha-chain sequence of the non-poikilothermic bluefin tuna.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D'Avino
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
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9
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D'Avino R, Di Prisco G. Antarctic fish hemoglobin: an outline of the molecular structure and oxygen binding properties—I. Molecular structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(88)90298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Panara F, Puccetti P. Hemoglobin heterogeneity in the pike, Esox lucius, and isolation of a homogeneous component. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1986; 85:589-92. [PMID: 3791960 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(86)90053-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The hemolysate of the pike, Esox lucius, contains multiple molecular forms of hemoglobin molecules. Analytical gel electrofocusing, disc-gel electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography indicate that the hemoglobin heterogeneity may be due to different charge isomers with mol. wt values similar to that of the human. Ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose permits to separate a hemoglobin component in a pure form. Globin chains analysis of this fraction and their isolation was also reported.
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Rodewald K, Braunitzer G. [The primary structure of hemoglobin from goldfish (Carassius auratus)]. HOPPE-SEYLER'S ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIOLOGISCHE CHEMIE 1984; 365:95-104. [PMID: 6714939 DOI: 10.1515/bchm2.1984.365.1.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The primary structures of the alpha- and beta-chains from goldfish hemoglobin are given. The globin chains were separated by gel filtration after air-oxidation of globin. After chemical and enzymatical cleavage of the chains, the peptides were isolated by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography on Dowex. The fish-chains have one residue more than the human chains. The alpha-chain is acetylated at the amino-terminal residue and has no cysteine. Compared with the human chains there are 66 amino-acid differences in the alpha- and 72 in the beta-chains. The implication of these differences for the physiology of the hemoglobin molecule of goldfish is discussed.
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Abstract
Computer simulation of protein evolution is based on a simple model consisting of random fixation of allowed codons (RFAC). Random replacement of single nucleotides occurs in a DNA sequence. If this results in any of the synonomous codons for allowed amino acids the mutation is fixed, if not, there is no change in the DNA and the cycle is repeated. Multiple fixations at the same nucleotide site, back mutations, degenerate fixations and coincidental identity of amino acids all occur. RFAC simulation begins with a single DNA sequence and follows a phylogeny based on the fossil record. The rate of fixation at the level of DNA is constant. The model upon which RFAC simulation is based is the same as the neutral theory of molecular evolution. The simulation is therefore a test of this theory. The results of simulated and real evolution are compared for fibrinopeptides A in mammals and cytochromes C and hemoglobin alpha and beta chains in vertebrates. In each case the allowed variation at each site has been set equal to that observed, twice that observed and all protein amino acids. Rates of fixation vary from 2.4 X 10(-10) to 10(-8) accepted nucleotide fixations per codon per year. There is some, although never excellent, agreement between real and simulated evolution, the better fits are obtained in the cases of fibrinopeptides A and cytochromes C. The major source of discrepancy between real evolution and simulation is irregularities in the rates of real evolution. RFAC simulation is compared with the random evolutionary hit (REH) model, augmented maximum parsimony and the accepted point mutations (PAM) approach.
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Watt K, Maruyama T, Riggs A. Hemoglobins of the tadpole of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Amino acid sequence of the beta chain of a major component. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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15
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Rice RH, Watts DA, Brown WD. Sequences of the soluble tryptic peptides from myoglobin of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1979; 62:481-7. [PMID: 318454 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(79)90121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1. Amino acid sequences of the soluble tryptic peptides of yellowfin tuna myoglobin, comprising 60% of the total residues, are presented. 2. The amino terminus is acetylated as shown by Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of an N-terminal dipeptide. 3. Comparison of peptide sequences from yellowfin tuna myoglobin with corresponding regions of mammalian myoglobins shows obvious homology around the heme-attachment site and the carboxyl terminus, but marked dissimilarity is evident at other locations, such as the amino terminal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Rice
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis 95616
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Bossa F, Barra D, Petruzzelli R, Martini F, Brunori M. Primary structure of hemoglobin from trout (Salmo irideus). Amino acid sequence of alpha chain of Hb trout I. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 536:298-305. [PMID: 708770 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(78)90077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid sequence of the alpha chain of the hemoglobin component of trout's blood which is devoid of heterotropyc phenomena, i.e. Hb trout I, is presented. The sequence has been determined by analyzing the soluble tryptic peptides obtained from the whole globin and the peptides obtained after redigesting the insoluble 'core' with chymotrypsin. Alignment of the peptides with the structure of human as well as carp and Catostomus clarkii alpha chains shows that Hb trout I alpha chain differs from the corresponding human protein by 43% amino acid substitutions and from the two other fish by 34.5% and 33.1%, respectively. Further comparison of sequence data available for the N-terminal region suggests that the divergence between Hb trout I and IV, the other major hemoglobin component of trout's blood, is greater than that found between each trout hemoglobin and the other two fishes (carp and C. clarkii.).
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18
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Doonan S, Loudon AG. Identification of the N-terminal blocking groups of trout hemoglobins by mass spectrometry. FEBS Lett 1978; 85:141-4. [PMID: 620784 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(78)81266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Ferris SD, Whitt GS. Duplicate gene expression in diploid and tetraploid loaches (Cypriniformes, Cobitidae). Biochem Genet 1977; 15:1097-112. [PMID: 603616 DOI: 10.1007/bf00484500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Botia macracantha and B. modesta have been demonstrated to be tetraploid species on the basis of their karyotypes and on the basis of the expression of a number of isozymes encoded by duplicate loci. A rather low percentage of duplicate loci was detected by electrophoresis, compared to that for other tetraploid Cypriniformes. Several hypotheses have been advanced to account for the low levels of duplicate gene expression observed. Lastly, many of the duplicate loci have diverged to unique patterns of expressions in different tissues or different levels of activity within a single tissue.
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22
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Markert CL, Shaklee JB, Whitt GS. Evolution of a gene. Multiple genes for LDH isozymes provide a model of the evolution of gene structure, function and regulation. Science 1975; 189:102-14. [PMID: 1138367 DOI: 10.1126/science.1138367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Kirschenbaum DM. A compilation of amino acid analyses of proteins. X. Residues per mole of protein--8. Hemoglobin, Part B--nonhuman. Anal Biochem 1975; 66:590-619. [PMID: 1094855 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(75)90626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Fyhn UE, Sullivan B. Elasmobranch hemoglobins: dimerization and polymerization in various species. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1975; 50:119-29. [PMID: 1122704 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(75)90311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Goodman M, Moore GW, Barnabas J, Matsuda G. The phylogeny of human globin genes investigated by the maximum parsimony method. J Mol Evol 1974; 3:1-48. [PMID: 4208305 DOI: 10.1007/bf01795974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Abstract
The oxygen equilibria of Catostomus insignis hemoglobins are pH dependent. Catostomus clarkii hemoglobins have some components (20 percent) whose oxygen equilibria are independent of pH because the alpha chains have NH(2)-termini that are blocked and the beta chains lack the "usual" COOH-terminal histidine. Since the Bohr effect is normally a beneficial phenomenon, the maintenance of some hemoglobins without a Bohr effect must provide a physiological advantage that is habitat specific. The intrastream ecological preferences of these sympatric catostomids suggest that the hemoglobins without the Bohr effect confer an ecological advantage in a swift water habitat.
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