Quantitative thin-layer chromatographic analysis of ergotamine tartrate and caffeine in the nanogram range

A Rapid and Sensitive Stability-Indicating Eco-Friendly HPTLC Assay for Fluorescence Detection of Ergotamine

Eco-friendly liquid chromatographic methods for measuring ergotamine (EGT) are scant in the published database. Accordingly, the goal of the current study was to develop a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for fluorescence detection of EGT in commercially available tablets. This approach was based on the application of ethyl alcohol-water (80:20 v/v) as the eco-friendly eluent mixture. The fluorescence detection of EGT was carried out at 322 nm. The greenness score of the present approach was evaluated by "Analytical GREENness (AGREE)" technology. The present approach for measuring EGT in the 25-1000 ng band^-1 range was linear. The present assay for fluorescence detection of EGT was validated successfully by ICH guidelines for various parameters. The method was found to be rapid, sensitive, eco-friendly, and stability-indicating. The computed AGREE index for the current strategy was 0.84, displaying outstanding greenness features. The present methodology successfully separated the EGT degradation products under forced-degradation circumstances, exhibiting its stability-indicating qualities and selectivity. An amount of 99.33% of EGT was found in commercial formulations, indicating the validity of the current method for pharmaceutical analysis of EGT in commercial products. The results showed that EGT in commercial products might be regularly measured by the existing method.

Simultaneous determination of ergotamine, caffeine and dipyrone in their ternary mixture by applying double divisor and first derivative ratio spectra methods

Two validated methods namely, double divisor ratio spectra derivative spectroscopy and derivative ratio spectroscopy with zero crossing point were applied to assay a ternary mixture of ergotamine tartrate (EGT), caffeine (CAF) and dipyrone sodium (DIP) without any additional separation steps. The linearity ranges using both methods were (1.0 µg/mL-70.0 µg/mL), (60.0 µg/mL - 100.0 µg/mL) and (100.0 µg/mL - 300.0 µg/mL) for EGT, CAF and DIP respectively. Double divisor ratio spectroscopy (method A) depends on dividing the different peak responses of EGT on (summation of peaks responses of CAF and DIP each of 10.0 µg/mL concentration) at λ max=342 nm, 310 nm and 315 nm for EGT, CAF and DIP respectively. Derivative ratio spectroscopy with zero crossing point (method B) depends on dividing the peak responses of two drugs (EGT and CAF) on (10.0 µg/mL of DIP) and dividing the peak response of DIP on peak response of (10.0 µg/mL of EGT). The detection limits of the studied drugs applying method A were (3.54, 12.96 and 8.748 µg/mL), with quantitation limits of (10.73, 39.28 and 26.51 µg/mL) for EGT, CAF and DIP respectively. Regarding method B, the limits of detection and quantitation for EGT were 0.604 µg/mL and 1.829 µg/mL respectively: with corresponding values of 19.44 µg/mL and 58.92 µg/mL for CAF and 20.44 µg/mL and 61.9 µg/mL for DIP. The obtained results were compared to those obtained by published methods and were found to be in accordance.

Synthesis, Evaluation, and Characterization of an Ergotamine Imprinted Styrene-Based Polymer for Potential Use as an Ergot Alkaloid Selective Adsorbent

Alkaloid toxicities negatively impact livestock health and production. To assess alkaloid occurrences, adsorbent technologies may offer effective means to their extraction and isolation from a complex feed matrix. In this study, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized and evaluated for their specificity of binding to various ergot alkaloids. Co-polymers of styrene and hydroxyethyl methacrylate were synthesized in the absence or presence of an ergotamine (ETA) template, yielding non-imprinted polymer (NIP) and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), respectively. The influence of parameters such as pH, temperature, and initial concentration on the adsorption of ergot alkaloids was evaluated along with their application as solid phase extraction materials. Chemical and morphological properties were characterized. Adsorption was generally greater for MIP compared to NIP. Cross-reactivity with related alkaloids existed due to similarities in structure and functional groups and was dependent on the type and concentration of alkaloid and polymer type (alkaloid type × concentration × product; P < 0.05). The pH of the medium had no influence on the binding properties of polymers toward ETA within a pH range of 2-10. Binding was independent of temperature between 36 and 42 °C. When kinetics of adsorption were evaluated, the Langmuir isotherm had a better fit (R ² > 0.95) to adsorption equilibrium data than the Freundlich equation. The maximum amounts adsorbed (Q _o) from the Langmuir model were 8.68 and 7.55 μM/g for MIP and NIP, respectively. Fourier transform infrared, scanning and tandem electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis confirmed a highly porous MIP structure with a greater surface area compared to NIP. Binding characteristics evaluated with computational strategy using molecular docking experiments and in vitro in a complex media (rumen fluid) indicated a stronger ETA adsorption by the tested composition selected among other polymeric materials and affinity of MIP compared with NIP. This study suggested the possible utility of MIP as a solid phase extraction sorbent for applications in analytical chemistry or sensing devices tailored to track ergot alkaloid incidence and the fate of those alkaloids in complex ruminal digestive samples.

Resolution and quantification challenge of modern chemometric models in the determination of anti-migraine tablets containing ergotamine, caffeine, acetaminophen, and metoclopramide

Unique mixture of ergotamine (ERG), metoclopramide (MET), caffeine (CAF) and the study presents a comparison between five multivariate models in the determination of the paracetamol (PAR) in laboratory mixtures and in pharmaceutical formulations.

Radioreceptor assay for ergot derivatives, transdihydrolisuride and lisuride, in biological fluids

The development of a sensitive radioreceptor assay (RRA) for transdihydrolisuride (TDHL) and lisuride, as well as the synthesis of tritiated TDHL, is described. The method is based upon the competition between 3H TDHL and TDHL or lisuride for rat brain dopaminergic receptors. Linear calibration graphs were obtained in the range of 0.2-9 pmol for an ergot derivative. Relative affinities of the main metabolites, deethylated and dideethylated on the urea part of the molecule are 3.6% and 1.5%, respectively, as compared to the parent drug. To verify the method, plasma levels of TDHL were determined in rats after oral administration.

Determination of ergot alkaloids in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection

Liquid chromatographic methods for the determination of ergotamine and methylergometrine in plasma have been developed. The samples are extracted with an organic solvent at pH 9.0 cleaned by extractions and finally injected on an ODS-Hypersil reversed-phase column with acetonitrile-ammonium carbonate buffer as the mobile phase. THe polarity of solvents used for extraction and the mobile phase are varied with the compounds of interest. Ergocristine is used as internal standard for ergotamine, and methysergide for the determination of methylergometrine. The stability of samples and standard solutions for calibration are discussed. Conditions for high selectivity and sensitivity of detection are given. Concentrations down to 100 pg/ml of plasma can be detected with a 3-ml sample.

Interactions of aspirin with acetaminophen and caffeine in rat stomach: pharmacokinetics of absorption and accumulation in gastric mucosa

To study the pharmacokinetic interactions between aspirin (250 mg/kg) and simultaneously administered oral acetaminophen (125 mg/kg) or caffeine (50 mg/kg) in male rats, noninterfering GLC assays for these drugs were developed. Acetaminophen and caffeine both retarded the appearance of salicylate in plasma. During the elimination phase, acetaminophen enhanced plasms salicylate levels whereas caffeine did not. Aspirin reduced the plasms levels of both acetaminophen and caffeine during absorption and elimination. Regardless of whether the drugs had been administered separately or in combination, higher concentrations of salicylate, acetaminophen, and caffeine were found in the glandular part of the stomach compared to the nonglandular part (rumen). In both parts, the absorption of acetaminophen increased in the presence of aspirin. Simultaneous administration of aspirin with caffeine did not influence the absorption of either drug in the glandular and ruminal parts. The inhibitory action of acetaminophen and the potentiating action of caffeine on the erosive activity of aspirin are not due to any effects of these drugs on salicylate accumulation in glandular tissue.

Systemic availability of ergotamine tartrate after oral, rectal and intramuscular administration

Plasma ergotamine levels were measured in 33 volunteers (subgroups 11, 12 and 10) after a single dose of ergotamine administered by various routes. Ergotamine tartrate was given in doses normally used in the treatment of acute migraine--2.0 mg orally, 2.0 mg combined with 100 mg caffeine rectally and 0.5 mg i.m. Plasma ergotamine concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. The highest and longest lasting levels were found after i.m. administration, the peak concentration being 1.94 +/- 0.34 (SEM) ng/ml at 1/2 h. The corresponding maximum concentrations after oral and rectal administration were 0.36 +/- 0.08 ng/ml at 2 h and 0.42 +/- 0.09 ng/ml at 1 h. In most of the subjects the plasma ergotamine level began to rise again at 24 to 48 h. The cause of the elevation is not known but it might favour possible accumulation of the drug. Absorption from suppositories was at least as good as after oral administration and the former route may therefore be advantageous for migraine patients in whom nausea and vomiting during an attack may prevent efficient oral medication.

Quantitative determination of ergot alkaloids in biological fluids by radioimmunoassay

1 Cross-reactivity of ergot alkaloids with an antiserum produced against lysergic acid conjugated with human serum, albumin was utilized to develop a radioimmunoassay for ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, dihydroergotoxine, ergometrine and methylergometrine in biological fluids. The antisera showed no cross-reactivity with simpler indole structures. 2 A procedure for extraction and concentration of alkaloids in biological fluids was developed. 3 The assay is sensitive for 1.8 ng/ml ergotamine, 1.5 ng/ml dihydroergotamine, 2.2 ng/ml dihydroergotoxine, 0.7 ng/ml ergotmetrine and 0.5 ng/ml methylergometrine. 4 The assay is sufficiently sensitive to permit the measurement of urine and plasma ergot alkaloid levels and it is suitable for determination in cases where a known ergot alkaloid is used.