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Spagnesi A, Barbaro E, Feltracco M, De Blasi F, Zannoni D, Dreossi G, Petteni A, Notø H, Lodi R, Gabrieli J, Holzinger R, Gambaro A, Barbante C. An upgraded CFA - FLC - MS/MS system for the semi-continuous detection of levoglucosan in ice cores. Talanta 2023; 265:124799. [PMID: 37327665 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A new Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA) system coupled with Fast Liquid Chromatography - tandem Mass Spectrometry (FLC-MS/MS) has been recently developed for determining organic markers in ice cores. In this work we present an upgrade of this innovative technique, optimized for the detection of levoglucosan in ice cores, a crucial tracer for reconstructing past fires. The upgrade involved a specific optimization of the chromatographic and mass spectrometric parameters, allowing for a higher sampling resolution (down to 1 cm) and the simultaneous collection of discrete samples, for off-line analysis of water stable isotopes and additional chemical markers. The robustness and repeatability of the method has been tested by the analysis of multiple sticks of ice cut from the same shallow alpine ice core, and running the system for several hours on different days. The results show similar and comparable trends between the ice sticks. With this upgraded system, a higher sensitivity and a lower limit of detection (LOD) was achieved compared to discrete analysis of alpine samples for levoglucosan measurements. The new LOD was as low as 66 ng L-1, a net improvement over the previous LOD of 600 ng L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Spagnesi
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy.
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Blasi
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy
| | - Daniele Zannoni
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Giuliano Dreossi
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Agnese Petteni
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Hanne Notø
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, IMAU, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rachele Lodi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Jacopo Gabrieli
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy
| | - Rupert Holzinger
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, IMAU, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- CNR-Institute of Polar Sciences (ISP-CNR), 155 Via Torino, 30170, Mestre, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
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An improved ion chromatography system coupled with a melter for high-resolution ionic species reconstruction in Antarctic firn cores. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sanz Rodriguez E, Plummer C, Nation M, Moy A, Curran M, Haddad PR, Paull B. Sub-1 mL sample requirement for simultaneous determination of 17 organic and inorganic anions and cations in Antarctic ice core samples by dual capillary ion chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1063:167-177. [PMID: 30967181 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The significant advance of delivering high value multi-species data from sub-1 mL ice core sample volumes allows higher temporal resolution in deposition records of inorganic and low molecular weight organic anions and cations. The determination of these species is a fundamental strategic requirement in modern paleoclimate studies. Herein, for the first time, a dual capillary ion chromatography (Cap-IC) based method for the simultaneous separation of 17 organic and inorganic anions and cations in low volume Antarctic ice core samples is presented. The total amount of sample required for direct injection has been reduced to 190 μL, which is 35 times lower than the amount of sample required by standard ion chromatography methods. A dual Cap-IC system configured for the simultaneous determination of cations and anions was used throughout. A range of chromatographic parameters was optimised for both anion and cation systems to obtain baseline separations of all target analytes in a suitable run time and to minimise the amount of sample required. Baseline separation of matrix and trace 'marker' ions were achieved in less than 35 min, after injecting only 40 μL of sample in each IC system. Limits of detection (LODs) for all analytes determined were within a range similar to that achieved by previously published standard bore IC-based methods. Intra- and inter-day repeatability were evaluated, with both parameters being typically below 3% for peak area. In further validation of the method, a comparative analysis of a set of 420 ice core samples from Aurora Basin North site, Antarctica, previously analysed by standard IC, established that the proposed low sample volume technique was applicable as a routine measurement approach in ice core analysis projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Sanz Rodriguez
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Christopher Plummer
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-80, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Meredith Nation
- Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia
| | - Andrew Moy
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-80, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia; Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia
| | - Mark Curran
- Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-80, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia; Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia
| | - Paul R Haddad
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-75, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
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Severi M, Becagli S, Traversi R, Udisti R. Recovering Paleo-Records from Antarctic Ice-Cores by Coupling a Continuous Melting Device and Fast Ion Chromatography. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11441-7. [PMID: 26494022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the increasing interest in the understanding of global climatic changes and on natural processes related to climate yielded the development and improvement of new analytical methods for the analysis of environmental samples. The determination of trace chemical species is a useful tool in paleoclimatology, and the techniques for the analysis of ice cores have evolved during the past few years from laborious measurements on discrete samples to continuous techniques allowing higher temporal resolution, higher sensitivity and, above all, higher throughput. Two fast ion chromatographic (FIC) methods are presented. The first method was able to measure Cl(-), NO3(-) and SO4(2-) in a melter-based continuous flow system separating the three analytes in just 1 min. The second method (called Ultra-FIC) was able to perform a single chromatographic analysis in just 30 s and the resulting sampling resolution was 1.0 cm with a typical melting rate of 4.0 cm min(-1). Both methods combine the accuracy, precision, and low detection limits of ion chromatography with the enhanced speed and high depth resolution of continuous melting systems. Both methods have been tested and validated with the analysis of several hundred meters of different ice cores. In particular, the Ultra-FIC method was used to reconstruct the high-resolution SO4(2-) profile of the last 10,000 years for the EDML ice core, allowing the counting of the annual layers, which represents a key point in dating these kind of natural archives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Severi
- University of Florence , Chemistry Department "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Becagli
- University of Florence , Chemistry Department "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Traversi
- University of Florence , Chemistry Department "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberto Udisti
- University of Florence , Chemistry Department "Ugo Schiff", Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Development of Melting System for Measurement of Trace Elements and Ions in Ice Core. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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The Alps in the age of the Anthropocene: the impact of human activities on the cryosphere recorded in the Colle Gnifetti glacier. RENDICONTI LINCEI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-014-0292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hong SB, Hur SD, Kim SM, Hong S, Chung JW, Kang N, Kang CH. Uncertainties of ionic species in snowpit samples determined with ion chromatography system. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.5806/ast.2012.25.6.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gabrieli J, Vallelonga P, Cozzi G, Gabrielli P, Gambaro A, Sigl M, Decet F, Schwikowski M, Gäggeler H, Boutron C, Cescon P, Barbante C. Post 17th-century changes of European PAH emissions recorded in high-altitude Alpine snow and ice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:3260-3266. [PMID: 20392089 DOI: 10.1021/es903365s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of organic pollutants in European Alpine snow/ice has been reconstructed over the past three centuries using a new online extraction method for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) followed by liquid chromatographic determination. The meltwater flow from a continuous ice core melting system was split into two aliquots, with one aliquot directed to an inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometer for continuous trace elements determinations and the second introduced into a solid phase C18 (SPE) cartridge for semicontinuous PAH extraction. The depth resolution for PAH extractions ranged from 40 to 70 cm, and corresponds to 0.7-5 years per sample. The concentrations of 11 PAH were determined in dated snow/ice samples to reconstruct the atmospheric concentration of these compounds in Europe for the last 300 years. The PAH pattern is dominated by phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Fla), and pyrene (Pyr), which represent 60-80% of the total PAH mass. Before 1875 the sum of PAH concentration (SigmaPAH) was very low with total mean concentrations less than 2 ng/kg and 0.08 ng/kg for the heavier compounds (SigmaPAH*, more than four aromatic rings). During the first phase of the industrial revolution (1770-1830) the PAH deposition showed a weak increase which became much greater from the start of the second phase of the industrial revolution at the end of 19th Century. In the 1920s, economic recession in Europe decreased PAH emissions until the 1930s when they increased again and reached a maximum concentration of 32 ng/kg from 1945 to 1955. From 1955 to 1975 the PAH concentrations decreased significantly, reflecting improvements in emission controls especially from major point sources, while from 1975 to 2003 they rose to levels equivalent to those in 1910. The Fla/(Fla+Pyr) ratio is often used for source assignment and here indicates an increase in the relative contribution of gasoline and diesel combustion with respect to coal and wood burning from 1860 to the 1980s. This trend was reversed during the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Gabrieli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123 Venice, Italy
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Alpine Glaciers as Archives of Atmospheric Deposition. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-88275-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Cole-Dai J, Budner DM, Ferris DG. High speed, high resolution, and continuous chemical analysis of ice cores using a melter and ion chromatography. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:6764-9. [PMID: 17144308 DOI: 10.1021/es061188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of trace chemical impurities in ice cores contributes to the reconstruction of records of the atmospheric environment and of the climate system. Ion chromatography (IC) is an effective analytical technique for ionic species in ice cores but has been used on discretely prepared ice samples, resulting in extensive and slow sample preparation and potential for contamination. A new technique has been developed that utilizes IC as the online detection technique in a melter-based continuous flow system for quantitative determination of major ionic chemical impurities. The system, called CFA-IC for continuous flow analysis with ion chromatography detection, consists of an ice core melter, several ion chromatographs, and an interface that distributes meltwater to the IC instruments. The CFA-IC technique combines the accuracy, precision, and ease of use of IC measurement with the enhanced speed and depth resolution of continuous melting systems and is capable of virtually continuous, high-speed and high-resolution chemical analysis of long ice cores. The new technique and operating procedures have been tested and validated with the analysis of over 100 m of ice cores from Antarctica. The current CFA-IC system provides an all-major-ion analysis speed of up to 8 m a day at a depth resolution of approximately 2 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Cole-Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, USA.
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Osterberg EC, Handley MJ, Sneed SB, Mayewski PA, Kreutz KJ. Continuous ice core melter system with discrete sampling for major ion, trace element and stable isotope analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:3355-61. [PMID: 16749705 DOI: 10.1021/es052536w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel ice/firn core melter system that uses fraction collectors to collect discrete, high-resolution (<1 cm/sample possible), continuous, coregistered meltwater samples for analysis of eight major ions by ion chromatography (IC), >32 trace elements by inductively coupled plasma sectorfield mass spectrometry (ICP-SMS), and stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The new continuous melting with discrete sampling (CMDS) system preserves an archive of each sample, reduces the problem of incomplete particle dissolution in ICP-SMS samples, and provides more precise trace element data than previous ice melter models by using longer ICP-SMS scan times and washing the instrument between samples. CMDS detection limits are similar to or lower than those published for ice melter systems coupled directly to analytical instruments and are suitable for analyses of polar and mid-low-latitude ice cores. Analysis of total calcium and sulfur by ICP-SMS and calcium ion, sulfate, and methanesulfonate by IC from the Mt. Logan Prospector-Russell Col ice core confirms data accuracy and coregistration of the split fractions from each sample. The reproducibility of all data acquired by the CMDS system is confirmed by replicate analyses of parallel sections of the GISP2 D ice core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich C Osterberg
- Climate Change Institute, Sawyer Environmental Research Center, and Department of Earth Sciences, Bryand Global Sciences Building, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, USA.
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Kekonen T, Perämäki P, Moore JC. Comparison of analytical results for chloride, sulfate and nitrate obtained from adjacent ice core samples by two ion chromatographic methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 6:147-52. [PMID: 14760459 DOI: 10.1039/b306621e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The anions chloride, sulfate and nitrate in nearly 500 pairs of ice core samples from the same depth were determined in a 121 m long ice core from Svalbard. The analyses were performed separately using an ion chromatograph with Dionex AS9 and AS15 columns with Na(2)CO(3) and NaOH eluents. Results showed a small (5-6 microg l(-1)) but statistically significant difference in mean concentrations for chloride and sulfate but not for nitrate. 2% of the data indicate real differences in concentrations across the ice core. Despite these differences ion information in ice core layers are comparable for ice core paleoclimate and environmental studies even though analyses are made using two different procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kekonen
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, P.O. Box 122, FIN-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland.
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