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Chien HJ, Zheng YF, Wang WC, Kuo CY, Hsu YM, Lai CC. Determination of adulteration, geographical origins, and species of food by mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:2273-2323. [PMID: 35652168 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Food adulteration, mislabeling, and fraud, are rising global issues. Therefore, a number of precise and reliable analytical instruments and approaches have been proposed to ensure the authenticity and accurate labeling of food and food products by confirming that the constituents of foodstuffs are of the kind and quality claimed by the seller and manufacturer. Traditional techniques (e.g., genomics-based methods) are still in use; however, emerging approaches like mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies are being actively developed to supplement or supersede current methods for authentication of a variety of food commodities and products. This review provides a critical assessment of recent advances in food authentication, including MS-based metabolomics, proteomics and other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ju Chien
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Feng Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Kuo
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center For Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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2
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Louleb M, Galván I, Latrous L, Justyn NM, Hill GE, Ríos Á, Zougagh M. Detection of Porphyrins in Hair Using Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116230. [PMID: 35682910 PMCID: PMC9181607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike humans, some animals have evolved a physiological ability to deposit porphyrins, which are pigments produced during heme synthesis in cells, in the skin and associated integument such as hair. Given the inert nature and easiness of collection of hair, animals that present porphyrin-based pigmentation constitute unique models for porphyrin analysis in biological samples. Here we present the development of a simple, rapid, and efficient analytical method for four natural porphyrins (uroporphyrin I, coproporphyrin I, coproporphyrin III and protoporphyrin IX) in the Southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans, a mammal with hair that fluoresces and that we suspected has porphyrin-based pigmentation. The method is based on capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CLC-MS), after an extraction procedure with formic acid and acetonitrile. The resulting limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.006–0.199 and 0.021–0.665 µg mL−1, respectively. This approach enabled us to quantify porphyrins in flying squirrel hairs at concentrations of 3.6–353.2 µg g−1 with 86.4–98.6% extraction yields. This method provides higher simplicity, precision, selectivity, and sensitivity than other methods used to date, presenting the potential to become the standard technique for porphyrin analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Louleb
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (M.L.); (Á.R.)
- Laboratory of Applied Mineral Chemistry (LCMA) LR19ES02, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Campus Universitaire Farat Hached El Manar 1, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia;
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla—La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ismael Galván
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.G.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +34-926052675 (M.Z.)
| | - Latifa Latrous
- Laboratory of Applied Mineral Chemistry (LCMA) LR19ES02, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Campus Universitaire Farat Hached El Manar 1, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia;
| | - Nicholas M. Justyn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.M.J.); (G.E.H.)
| | - Geoffrey E. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.M.J.); (G.E.H.)
| | - Ángel Ríos
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (M.L.); (Á.R.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla—La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mohammed Zougagh
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (M.L.); (Á.R.)
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla—La Ancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.G.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +34-926052675 (M.Z.)
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3
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Díaz-Arenas GL, Lebanov L, Sanz Rodríguez E, Sadiq MM, Paull B, Garnier G, Tanner J. Chemometric optimisation of enzymatic hydrolysis of beechwood xylan to target desired xylooligosaccharides. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127041. [PMID: 35318144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Generation of specific xylooligosaccharides (XOS) is attractive to the pharmaceutical and food industries due to the importance of their structure upon their application. This study used chemometrics to develop a comprehensive computational modelling set to predict the parameters maximising the generation of the desired XOS during enzymatic hydrolysis. The evaluated parameters included pH, temperature, substrate concentration, enzyme dosage and reaction time. A Box-Behnken design was combined with response surface methodology to develop the models. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPAEC-QqQ-MS) allowed the identification of 22 XOS within beechwood xylan hydrolysates. These data were used to validate the developed models and demonstrated their accuracy in predicting the parameters maximising the generation of the desired XOS. The maximum yields for X2-X6 were 314.2 ± 1.2, 76.6 ± 4.5, 38.4 ± 0.4, 17.8 ± 0.7, and 5.3 ± 0.2 mg/g xylan, respectively. These values map closely to the model predicted values 311.7, 92.6, 43.0, 16.3, and 4.9 mg/g xylan, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria L Díaz-Arenas
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Processing Advanced Lignocellulosics (PALS), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Leo Lebanov
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Processing Advanced Lignocellulosics (PALS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Estrella Sanz Rodríguez
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Processing Advanced Lignocellulosics (PALS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - M Munir Sadiq
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Processing Advanced Lignocellulosics (PALS), School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Gil Garnier
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Processing Advanced Lignocellulosics (PALS), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Joanne Tanner
- Bioresource Processing Research Institute of Australia (BioPRIA), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Processing Advanced Lignocellulosics (PALS), Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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4
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Chiavelli LUR, Galuch MB, Senes CER, Maia LC, Lopes TAM, Rufato KB, Santos OO, Visentainer JV. Validation of UHPLC-MS/MS Method and Measurement Uncertainty Evaluation for Lactose Quantification in Lactose-Free and Regular UHT Milk. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Iyer NS, Mandaliya DD, Dave SR. In situ microbial and phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil by Cynodon sp. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:235-244. [PMID: 34261393 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1932731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil contamination of land and water leads to their abandonment after heavy oil recovery processes. Analogous to bioremediation, phytoremediation has provided an efficient solution towards land reclamation through enhancement of flora. The present work manifests significance of phytoremediation via reclamation of crude oil contaminated soil collected from Kalol, India. The collected soil was analyzed for pH, oxidation-reduction potential, electrical conductivity (EC), bulk density, particle size, moisture. The experimental work consists three batch units; pot A, pot B and pot C with crude oil contaminated soil, fresh soil and control respectively. While observing plant growth for 120 days, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) was measured at determined intervals for estimation of percentage degradation. After 90 days of pot observation, contaminated soil was inoculated with rhizospheric bacterial inoculum developed from pot A which forms new batch for microbial-remediation as an additional scope to this work. Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS-MS) was carried out for determination of naphthalene contamination. Crude oil degradation in pot A was estimated as 82.16% followed with the affirmation given by degradation kinetics whereas, 60.68% and 36.75% degradation was observed in pot C-control and new batch respectively. Cynodon sp. grown in pot A was confirmed by identification as reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Shivkumar Iyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Gujarat, India
| | - Dharamendra D Mandaliya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Vishwakarma Government Engineering College, Gujarat, India
| | - Shailesh R Dave
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Science, Gujarat University, Gujarat, India
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Nicácio AE, Rodrigues CA, Jardim ICSF, Visentainer JV, Maldaner L. Modified QuEChERS method for phenolic compounds determination in mustard greens (Brassica juncea) using UHPLC-MS/MS. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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7
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Development of a simultaneous quantitation for short-, medium-, long-, and very long-chain fatty acids in human plasma by 2-nitrophenylhydrazine-derivatization and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1126-1127:121771. [PMID: 31465896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) have been important in clinical diagnosis for long, which makes the increasing need for a fast, reliable, and economic approach to determine FA of short-, medium-, long-, and very long-chain by widely available equipment and with high-throughput capacity. In the present work, 2‑nitrophenylhydrazine derivatization coupling with LC-MS/MS detection was utilized to simultaneously quantitate 18 FAs ranging from C4 to C26 in human plasma. The sample preparation protocol was optimized and extracting with diethyl ether‑potassium phosphate buffer twice was found as the highest efficiency along with economic feasibility. Under the optimized conditions, all the FA showed excellent linearity (R2 > 0.999 for each), sufficient sensitivity (LOD 0.2-330 fmol and LOQ 2.3-660 fmol for all), favorable accuracy (recovery ranged from 98.1 ± 3.6% to 104.9 ± 5.5% with coefficient of variation no >8.6% for all), and negligible matrix effect. In the clinical application on 30 healthy subjects, compared with the previous HPLC-UV method, the developed method showed high reliability, as well as reduced time and reagent costs. The established method showed the potential to apply to not only diagnostic practice, but also nutritional and epidemiological studies.
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8
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da Costa Marinho MI, Costa AIG, Vieira NM, Paiva MCG, de Freitas FCL, da Silva AA. Validation and application of a QuEChERS based method for estimation of half-life of imidazolinone herbicides in soils by LC-ESI-MS/MS. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 167:212-217. [PMID: 30340086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A modified QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method was validated and applied for the estimation of half-lives of two imidazolinone group herbicides, imazethapyr and imazapic, in the Dystric Plinthosol (FX) and Ferralsol (LVA) agricultural soils using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The solutions were prepared in a matrix extract to avoid matrix effects. The analytical method showed satisfactory specificity, selectivity, linearity (R2 > 0.99), recoveries (range 85.0-117.0%), with RSD between 6.7% and 16.6%, and precision (range 94.7-108.5%), with RSD between 6.0% and 11.9%. The limit of detections for imazethapyr and imazapic in the soils were 2.2 µg kg-1 and 2.0 µg kg-1, and the limit of quantifications were 6.6 µg kg-1 and 6.1 µg kg-1. The half-lives of imazethapyr (35.7 and 97.9 days) and imazapic (40.4 and 64.4 days), in the FX and LVA soils, respectively, indicate that they are medium-persistence herbicides with possibility of leaching into groundwater. In addition, high concentrations of imazethapyr and imazapic were found in the soil samples after the time of application, meaning that there is a potential for prolonged soil residual activity due to carryover.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nívea Moreira Vieira
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Antonio Alberto da Silva
- Department of Plant Sciences, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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9
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da Costa Morais EH, Collins CH, Jardim ICSF. Pesticide determination in sweet peppers using QuEChERS and LC–MS/MS. Food Chem 2018; 249:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Sensitive determination of thiols in wine samples by a stable isotope-coded derivatization reagent d 0 / d 4 -acridone-10-ethyl-N-maleimide coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1491:98-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Castilhos TS, Barreto F, Meneghini L, Bergold AM. Development of high-throughput multi-residue method for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs monitoring in swine muscle by LC-MS/MS. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1166-74. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1198497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara S. Castilhos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário-LANAGRO/RS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Barreto
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário-LANAGRO/RS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Meneghini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário-LANAGRO/RS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Bergold
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Sobiesiak M, Cieślak M, Królewska K, Kaźmierczak-Barańska J, Pasternak B, Budzisz E. Thiosemicarbazone-derived copper(ii), cobalt(ii) and nickel(ii) complexes as potential anticancer agents: nuclease activity, cytotoxicity and apoptosis studies. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02899c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt(ii), nickel(ii) and copper(ii) complexes with thiosemicarbazone-derived ligands exhibiting significant cytotoxic activity against cancer cells were synthesized and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Sobiesiak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
- 85-089 Bydgoszcz
| | - M. Cieślak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Łódź
- Poland
| | - K. Królewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- 90-363 Łódź
- Poland
| | | | - B. Pasternak
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Łódź
- 90-136 Łódź
- Poland
| | - E. Budzisz
- Department of Cosmetic Raw Materials Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Medical University of Lodz
- 90-151 Lodz
- Poland
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Gutowska N, Pasternak B, Seliger P, Andrijewski G. Studies of the complexation behavior of tetramorpholinylo-PNP-lariat ether with Ag(i), Ca(ii), Cd(ii), Cu(ii) and Pb(ii) using Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01904k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The identification of complexes containing PNP-lariat ether with Ag(i), Ca(ii), Cu(ii), Cd(ii) and Pb(ii) by ESI-MS technique is presented. The tandem mass spectra of these complexes were done in order to evaluate the stability of the different types of the complexes formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gutowska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Lodz
- 91-403 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Beata Pasternak
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Lodz
- 91-403 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Piotr Seliger
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Lodz
- 91-403 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Grzegorz Andrijewski
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Lodz
- 91-403 Łódź
- Poland
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14
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van Smeden J, Boiten WA, Hankemeier T, Rissmann R, Bouwstra JA, Vreeken RJ. Combined LC/MS-platform for analysis of all major stratum corneum lipids, and the profiling of skin substitutes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:70-9. [PMID: 24120918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides (CERs), cholesterol, and free fatty acids (FFAs) are the main lipid classes in human stratum corneum (SC, outermost skin layer), but no studies report on the detailed analysis of these classes in a single platform. The primary aims of this study were to 1) develop an LC/MS method for (semi-)quantitative analysis of all main lipid classes present in human SC; and 2) use this method to study in detail the lipid profiles of human skin substitutes and compare them to human SC lipids. By applying two injections of 10μl, the developed method detects all major SC lipids using RPLC and negative ion mode APCI-MS for detection of FFAs, and NPLC using positive ion mode APCI-MS to analyze CERs and cholesterol. Validation showed this lipid platform to be robust, reproducible, sensitive, and fast. The method was successfully applied on ex vivo human SC, human SC obtained from tape strips and human skin substitutes (porcine SC and human skin equivalents). In conjunction with FFA profiles, clear differences in CER profiles were observed between these different SC sources. Human skin equivalents more closely mimic the lipid composition of human stratum corneum than porcine skin does, although noticeable differences are still present. These differences gave biologically relevant information on some of the enzymes that are probably involved in SC lipid processing. For future research, this provides an excellent method for (semi-)quantitative, 'high-throughput' profiling of SC lipids and can be used to advance the understanding of skin lipids and the biological processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen van Smeden
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Fang ZG, You BG, Chen YG, Zhang JK, Liu YQ, Zhang XN, Zhang Q. Analysis of cyclosporine A and its metabolites in rat urine and feces by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:1153-62. [PMID: 20381433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of cyclosporine A (CyA) and the identification of its metabolites in rat urine and feces. The analytes were extracted from waste samples via liquid-liquid extraction. A Turboionspray source was used as a detector. It was operated in a positive ion mode with transitions of m/z 1225-->m/z 1112 for CyA and in a selected multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode with transitions of m/z 1239-->m/z 1099 for the internal standard (cyclosporine D, CyD). Linear calibration curves were obtained for CyA concentration ranges of 12.5-250 ng mL(-1) in urine and 2.5-375 ng mg(-1) in feces. The intra- and inter-day precision values (relative standard deviation) obtained were less than 8%, and the accuracy was within +/-15% for each of the analytes. Extraction recoveries of CyA and CyD were both over 80%. The identification of the metabolites and elucidation of their structure were performed on the basis of their retention times and mass spectrometry fragmentation behaviors. A total of seven metabolites in rat feces were identified as dimethyl CyA, hydroxy CyA, and dihydroxy CyA after the oral administration of cyclosporine A-Eudragit S100 nanoparticles (CyA-NP). Six of these metabolites were also detected in rat urine. A possible metabolic pathway was also proposed. The newly developed method was proven to be sensitive, simple, reproducible, and suitable for the rapid determination of CyA. It was successfully employed to study the excretion of CyA in rats and could be used to better understand the in vivo metabolism of CyA-NP, a potentially effective nanoparticle system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-gang Fang
- College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, DuShuHu High Education Zone, Suzhou, Jiang Su Province 215123, People's Republic of China
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16
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Jin Y, Zhang XL, Shi H, Xiao YS, Ke YX, Xue XY, Zhang FF, Liang XM. Characterization of C-glycosyl quinochalcones in Carthamus tinctorius L. by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2008; 22:1275-1287. [PMID: 18383217 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
C-Glycosyl quinochalcones are unique components in Carthamus tinctorius L. The reported C-glycosyl quinochalcones have the same quinochalcone skeleton with a hydroxyl group at the 5'-position and a glucose linked to this position with a carbon-carbon bond. In this study, the standard hydroxysafflor yellow A and water-extracted fraction of Carthamus tinctorius L. were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOFMS) in both positive and negative ion modes. The fragmentation pathways of C-glycosyl quinochalcones were interpreted and validated by accurate mass measurement. Their fragmentation showed a special cleavage at the C-C bond except for the typical internal cleavage at the sugar moiety of other C-glycosyl flavonoids. In positive ion mode, cleavage of the 5'-glucose produced an [M+H-162](+) ion by a neutral loss, while cleavage of the 5'-glucose in negative ion mode led to an [M-H-163](-.) ion by radical cleavage. The cleavage from the carbonyl group produced fragment ions containing an A or a B ring. The fragment ions containing an A ring were common product ions of seven compounds in both ion modes, and fragment ions containing the B ring were used to judge the different substituent groups at the 3'-position. The fragmentation patterns of seven structurally related C-glycosyl quinochalcones were analyzed systematically and the formation of the fragment ions in two modes is explained in detail in this report. UPLC/Q-TOFMS is an effective tool for characterizing a complex sample, which gives higher resolution separation and generates accurate mass measurement of the product ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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Jin Y, Xiao YS, Zhang FF, Xue XY, Xu Q, Liang XM. Systematic screening and characterization of flavonoid glycosides in Carthamus tinctorius L. by liquid chromatography/UV diode-array detection/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2008; 46:418-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 10/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Alves C, Santos-Neto AJ, Fernandes C, Rodrigues JC, Lanças FM. Analysis of tricyclic antidepressant drugs in plasma by means of solid-phase microextraction-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:1342-7. [PMID: 17902106 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction coupled to liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (SPME-LC-MS) was used to analyze tricyclic antidepressant drugs desipramine, imipramine, nortriptyline, amitriptyline, and clomipramine (internal standard) in plasma samples. SPME was performed by direct extraction on a PDMS/DVB (60 microm) coated fiber, employing a stirring rate of 1200 rpm for 30 min, pH 11.0, and temperature of 30 degrees C. Drug desorption was carried out by exposing the fiber to the liquid chromatography mobile phase for 20 min, using a labmade SPME-LC interface at 50 degrees C. The main variables experimentally influencing LC-MS response were evaluated and mathematically modeled. A rational optimization with fewer experiments was achieved using a factorial design approach. The constructed empirical models were adjusted with 96-98% of explained deviation allowing an adequate data set comprehension. The chromatographic separation was realized using an RP-18 column (150 mm x 2.1 mm, 5 microm particles) and ammonium acetate buffer (0.01 mol/l, pH 5.50) : acetonitrile (50 : 50 v/v) as mobile phase. Low detection levels were achieved with electrospray interface (0.1 ng/ml). The developed method showed specificity, linearity, precision, and limit of quantification adequate to assay tricyclic antidepressant drugs in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudete Alves
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Laboratório de Cromatografia, Av. Trabalhador Sãocarlense 400, 13560-970 São Carlos-SP-Brasil
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19
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Yang WC, Adamec J, Regnier FE. Enhancement of the LC/MS Analysis of Fatty Acids through Derivatization and Stable Isotope Coding. Anal Chem 2007; 79:5150-7. [PMID: 17492837 DOI: 10.1021/ac070311t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on the development of an enhanced LC/ESI-MS method for the identification and quantification of fatty acids through derivatization. Fatty acids were derivatized with 2-bromo-1-methylpyridinium iodide and 3-carbinol-1-methylpyridinium iodide, forming 3-acyloxymethyl-1-methylpyridinium iodide (AMMP). This process attaches a quaternary amine to analytes and enabled ESI-MS in the positive mode of ionization with common LC mobile phases. Moreover, detection sensitivity was generally 2500-fold higher than in the negative mode of ionization used with underivatized fatty acids. The limits of detection were roughly 1.0-4.0 nM (or 10 pg/injection) for standard fatty acids from C10 to C24 and spanned approximately 2 orders of magnitude in linearity. AMMP derivatives had unique tandem mass spectra characterized by common ions at m/z 107.0, 124.0, and 178.0. Individual fatty acids also had unique fingerprint regions that allowed identification of their carbon skeleton number, number of double bonds, and double bond position. The derivatization method also allowed coding of analytes as a means of recognizing derivatives and enhancing quantification. 2H-Coding was achieved through derivatization with deuterated 3-carbinol-1-methyl-d3-pyridinium iodide. The 2H-coded derivatization reagent, 3-acyloxymethyl-1-methyl-d3-pyridinium iodide, was used in two ways. One was to differentially label equal fractions of a sample such that after being recombined and analyzed by ESI-MS all fatty acids appeared as doublet clusters of ions separated by roughly 3 amu. This greatly facilitated identification of fatty acids in complex mixtures. Another use of stable isotope coding was in comparative quantification. Control and experimental samples were differentially labeled with nondeuterated and deuterated isotopomers of CPM, respectively. After mixing the two samples, they were analyzed by ESI-MS. The abundance of a fatty acid in an experimental sample relative to the control was established by the isotope ratio of the isotopomeric fatty acids. Absolute quantification was achieved by adding differentially labeled fatty acid standards to experimental samples containing unknown quantities of fatty acids. Utility of the method was examined in the analysis of human serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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20
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Pietrogrande MC, Mercuriali M, Pasti L. Signal processing of GC–MS data of complex environmental samples: Characterization of homologous series. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 594:128-38. [PMID: 17560394 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Revised: 05/07/2007] [Accepted: 05/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Identification and characterization of homologous series by GC-MS analysis provide very relevant information on organic compounds in complex mixtures. A chemometric approach, based on the study of the autocovariance function, EACVF(tot), is described as a suitable tool for extracting molecular-structural information from the GC signal, in particular for identifying the presence of homologous series and quantifying the number of their terms. A data pre-processing procedure is introduced to transform the time axis in order to display a strictly homogenous retention pattern: n-alkanes are used as external standard to stretch or shrink the original chromatogram in order to build up a linear GC retention scale. This addition can be regarded as a further step in the direction of a signal processing procedure for achieving a systematic characterization of complex mixture from experimental chromatograms. The EACVF(tot) was computed on the linearized chromatogram: if the sample presents terms of homologous series, the EACVF(tot) plot shows well-defined deterministic peaks at repeated constant interdistances. By comparison with standard references, the presence of such peaks is diagnostic for the presence of the ordered series, their position can be related to the chemical structure of the compounds, their height is the basis for estimating the number of terms in the series. The power of the procedure can be magnified by studying SIM chromatograms acquired at specific m/z values characteristic of the compounds of interest: the EACVF(tot) on these selective signals makes it possible to confirm the results obtained from an unknown mixture and check their reliability. The procedure was validated on standard mixtures of known composition and applied to an unknown gas oil sample. In particular, the paper focuses on the study of two specific classes of compounds: n-alkanes and oxygen-containing compounds, since their identification provides information useful for characterizing the chemical composition of many samples of different origin. The robustness of the method was tested in experimental chromatograms obtained under unfavorable conditions: chromatograms acquired in non-optimal temperature program conditions and chromatographic data affected by signal noise.
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Pietrogrande MC, Zampolli MG, Dondi F. Identification and Quantification of Homologous Series of Compound in Complex Mixtures: Autocovariance Study of GC/MS Chromatograms. Anal Chem 2006; 78:2579-92. [PMID: 16615767 DOI: 10.1021/ac051491e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The paper describes a method for determining homologous classes of compounds in a multicomponent complex chromatogram obtained under programming elution conditions. The method is based on the computation of the autocovariance function of the experimental chromatogram (EACVF). The EACVF plot, if properly interpreted, can be regarded as a "class chromatogram" i.e., a virtual chromatogram formed by peaks whose positions and heights allow identification and quantification of the different homologous series, even if they are embedded in a random complex chromatogram. Theoretical models were developed to describe complex chromatograms displaying random retention pattern, ordered sequences or a combination of them. On the basis of theoretical autocovariance function, the properties of the chromatogram can be experimentally evaluated, under well-defined conditions: in particular, the two components of the chromatogram, ordered and random, can be identified. Moreover, the total number of single components (SCs) and the separated number of the SCs belonging to the random and ordered components can be determined, when the two components display the same concentration. If the mixture contains several homologous series with common frequency and different phase values, the number and identity of the different homologous series as well as the number of SCs belonging to each of them can be evaluated. Moreover, the power of the EACVF method can be magnified by applying it to the single ion monitoring (SIM) signals to selectively detect specific compound classes in order to identify the different homologous series. By this way, a full "decoding" of the complex multicomponent chromatogram is achieved. The method was validated on synthetic mixtures containing known amount of SCs belonging to homologous series of hydrocarbon, alcohols, ketones, and aromatic compounds in addition to other not structurally related SCs. The method was applied to both the total ion monitoring (TIC) and the SIM signals, to describe step by step the essence of the procedure. Moreover, the systematic use of both SIM and TIC can simplify the decoding procedure of complex chromatograms by singling out only specific compound classes or by confirming the identification of the different homologous series. The method was further applied to a sample containing unknown number of compounds and homologous series (a petroleum benzin, bp 140-160 degrees C): the results obtained were meaningful in terms of both the identified number of components and identified homologous series.
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Fliegel D, Waddell R, Majidi V, Günther D, Lewis CL. Quantification of Aromatic and Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Alcohol Mixtures at the Elemental, Structural, and Parent Molecular Ion Level. Anal Chem 2005; 77:1847-52. [PMID: 15762595 DOI: 10.1021/ac0484878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The capabilities of a millisecond pulsed glow discharge time-of-flight mass spectrometer for the quantitative analysis of organic molecules were investigated. Mixtures of analytes were separated by gas chromatography, and mass spectra were collected at three different time regimes during the pulse cycle-the prepeak, plateau, and afterpeak time regimes. Elemental information was collected in the prepeak, structural information in the plateau, and molecular ion information in the afterpeak. A sample mixture containing toluene, o-xylene, o-dichlorobenzene, and a binary mixture of methanol and sec-butanol were considered. Calibration curves were constructed for each time regime based on the intensities of the elemental, fragment, and molecular ions. Optimum linearity (r2 = 0.999) was achieved during the plateau time regime, although calibration in the prepeak was also demonstrated, albeit with slightly poorer correlation coefficients (r2 > 0.959). The minimum limits of detection (MDL) were 392, 422, and 557 ng, for toluene, o-xylene, and o-dichlorobenzene, respectively, using a 3-microL injection and a split ratio of 68:1. For the binary alcohol mixture, MDLs of 1.87 and 2.44 microg were determined for methanol and sec-butanol, respectively, based on the intensity of the 16O+ ion during the prepeak and using a split ratio of 58:1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fliegel
- Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Nagy K, Jakab A, Fekete J, Vékey K. An HPLC-MS approach for analysis of very long chain fatty acids and other apolar compounds on octadecyl-silica phase using partly miscible solvents. Anal Chem 2005; 76:1935-41. [PMID: 15053654 DOI: 10.1021/ac034944t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach for analyzing underivatized very long chain fatty acids (C16-C26) and other apolar compounds such as triacylglycerols is described. It is based on reversed-phase HPLC separation followed by mass spectrometric detection. Partly miscible solvents are used for stepwise gradient elution starting with a methanol/water and ending with a methanol/n-hexane binary mixture. The developed technique does not need derivatization, and analysis is fast (fatty acids were separated in 2-min-long chromatograms) and robust. The developed method is also very sensitive; a quantitation limit in the low-picogram range was achieved for fatty acids. The separation mechanism and advantages of the suggested technique are discussed and illustrated in the case of blood analysis and plant oil characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornél Nagy
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1025 Pusztaszeri út 59-67, Budapest, Hungary
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Pietrogrande MC, Zampolli MG, Dondi F. GC?MS in Space Research: Decoding Complex Isothermal Chromatograms Recovered from Space Missions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 94:721-31. [PMID: 15506623 DOI: 10.1002/adic.200490090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An analytical procedure is described to study GC-MS isothermal chromatograms simulating those recovered from space missions: in fact GC plays a predominant role in space missions devoted to characterizing the chemical composition of extra-terrestrial atmospheres. SIM (selected ion monitoring) detection was used for monitoring selected chemical classes: a simplified chromatogram can be obtained giving information on the chemical composition of the complex mixture. Since only isothermal GC chromatograms are allowed by flight constraints, a time axis transformation is required to make them homogeneous: i.e., constant retention increments for CH2 additions in terms of a homologous series. The order in the linearized chromatogram can be simply singled out with a chemometric approach based on the study of the Autocovariance Function (ACVF) computed on the digitized chromatogram: the plot of the experimental autocorrelation function (EACF) shows well-shaped peaks if constant interdistances are repeated in different regions of the chromatogram. The method was applied to standard mixtures representative of planetary atmospheres--hydrocarbons, nitriles and oxygenated compounds with between 3 and 12 carbon atoms--analyzed in flight simulating conditions. The coupling of the selectivity of SIM detection with the interpretation power of the EACF procedure proves to be a powerful tool for interpreting data recovered from space missions: the chemical composition of the mixture can be identified by handling the raw SIM chromatograms.
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Bonato PS, Del Lama MPFM, de Carvalho R. Enantioselective determination of ibuprofen in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 796:413-20. [PMID: 14581080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective analysis of ibuprofen (IBU), a chiral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in human plasma was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The plasma samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction using hexane:ethyl acetate (8:2, v/v). The HPLC chiral resolution of IBU was obtained using a chiral stationary phase based on a tris-(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) amylose derivative, under reversed phase conditions (CHIRALPAK AD-RH column), using a mobile phase consisting of methanol:water (8:2, v/v), containing 0.1% of an aqueous solution of phosphoric acid at pH 2, at a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min. A make-up liquid of 4.5% (w/v) NH(4)OH aqueous solution was used to assure optimum electrospray ionization in the negative mode. The coefficients of variation and deviation from nominal values were lower than 15% for both within- and between-day assays. The quantitation limit was 0.12 microg/ml and the linear range was 0.12-90.0 microg/ml for both enantiomers. The method proved to be suitable for single dose pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierina Sueli Bonato
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café S/N, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil.
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26
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de Lima RG, Bonato PS, da Silva RS. Analysis of albendazole metabolites by electrospray LC-MS/MS as a probe to elucidate electro-oxidation mechanism of albendazole. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 32:337-43. [PMID: 12763544 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of albendazole was accomplished by controlled potential electrolysis technique. The oxidation was carried out in different pH solutions and yields the same products obtained by in vivo and in vitro metabolism, i.e. albendazole sulfoxide and albendazole sulfone. The identification of albendazole oxidation products was carried out by LC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Galvão de Lima
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Av. dos Bandeirantes, 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bonato PS, Lanchote VL, Takayanagui OM. Simultaneous liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric determination of albendazole sulfoxide and albendazole sulfone in plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 783:237-45. [PMID: 12450544 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(02)00665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a simple, fast, sensitive and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of albendazole sulfoxide (ASOX) and albendazole sulfone (ASON), the two most important metabolites of the drug albendazole (ABZ), in plasma samples using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. After liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane, the two albendazole metabolites and the internal standard phenacetin were resolved in a CN column using the mobile phase methanol-water (4:6, v/v) acidified with 1% acetic acid. Detection by electrospray mass spectrometry was carried out in the positive ion mode. The method was linear up to 2500 and 250 ng/ml for ASOX and ASON, respectively, with mean recoveries of more than 85%. The precision and accuracy data, based on within- and between-day variations over 5 days, were lower than 15%. The quantitation limits of 0.5 and 5.0 ng/ml for ASON and ASOX are low enough for the method to be suitable for pharmacokinetic studies. Pharmacokinetic data obtained with the proposed method following oral administration of ABZ to a patient with neurocysticercosis are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierina Sueli Bonato
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto-USP, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Abstract
This review is based on a selection of research papers published mainly in the last decade and it describes various analytical aspects of separation and detection of neuroactive steroids in biological matrices.
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29
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Bibliography. Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:1164-1171. [PMID: 11747111 DOI: 10.1002/jms.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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