1
|
Mostafa EA, El-Ashrey MK, Mahmoud ST. An innovative combination of Box-Behnken design and ecofriendly approaches for the simultaneous determination of aspirin, clopidogrel, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin in their fixed-dose combination tablets. BMC Chem 2023; 17:164. [PMID: 38001500 PMCID: PMC10668404 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-levels Box-Behnken design was used in the experimental design approach for the optimization of chromatographic parameters to achieve the optimum resolution and sharp peak shape within a reasonable run time. A method that is sensitive, reliable, and selective was constructed and validated for the simultaneous measurement of a combination therapy that contains blood-thinning and cholesterol-lowering compounds. The four cited drugs namely, aspirin (ASP), clopidogrel (CLP), atorvastatin (ATV) and rosuvastatin (ROS) were estimated in bulk and in pharmaceutical dosage forms in line with International Council for Harmonization guidelines. The separation was done utilizing Kinetex 2.6 C18 column (100 mm, 4.6 mm, 5 m) and RP-HPLC with diode array detector. The separation of the cited drugs and the degradation product of ASP was achieved with mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: KH2PO4 buffer in a gradient mode with pH 3.2 at room temperature. The four drugs were linear over the concentration range (0.05-50 µg/mL). The technique is feasible to be used in quality control laboratories. To picture the green profile of the developed method, four greenness assessment tools were applied. National environmental methods index (NEMI), analytical eco-scale assessment (ESA), green analytical procedure index (GAPI) and analytical greenness metric (AGREE) are the most widely used metrics. They were employed to evaluate the greenness profile of the proposed method and to perform a detailed greenness comparison between the developed method and some of the reported methods for the determination of the investigated drugs. The developed method was found to be relatively green with 0.54 AGREE score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Mostafa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K El-Ashrey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sedr, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Sally Tarek Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Domokos A, Nagy B, Gyürkés M, Farkas A, Tacsi K, Pataki H, Liu YC, Balogh A, Firth P, Szilágyi B, Marosi G, Nagy ZK, Nagy ZK. End-to-end continuous manufacturing of conventional compressed tablets: From flow synthesis to tableting through integrated crystallization and filtration. Int J Pharm 2020; 581:119297. [PMID: 32243964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An end-to-end continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing process was developed for the production of conventional direct compressed tablets on a proof-of-concept level for the first time. The output reaction mixture of the flow synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid was crystallized continuously in a mixed suspension mixed product removal crystallizer. The crystallizer was directly connected to a continuous filtration carousel device, thus the crystallization, filtration and drying of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was carried out in an integrated 2-step process. Steady state was reached during longer operations and the interaction of process parameters was evaluated in a series of experiments. The filtered crystals were ready for further processing in a following continuous blending and tableting experiment due to the good flowability of the material. The ASA collected during the crystallization-filtration experiments was fed into a continuous twin-screw blender along with microcrystalline cellulose as tableting excipient. After continuous blending Near-Infrared spectroscopy was applied to in-line analyze the drug content of the powder mixture. A belt conveyor carried the mixture towards an eccentric lab-scale tablet press, which continuously produced 500 mg ASA-loaded compressed tablets of 100 mg dose strength. Thus, starting from raw materials, the final drug product was obtained by continuous manufacturing steps with appropriate quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Domokos
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Brigitta Nagy
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary; Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Martin Gyürkés
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Farkas
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornélia Tacsi
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Pataki
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Yiqing Claire Liu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Attila Balogh
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul Firth
- Alconbury Weston Ltd. (AWL), Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 3PE, United Kingdom
| | - Botond Szilágyi
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - György Marosi
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán K Nagy
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
| | - Zsombor Kristóf Nagy
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Organic Chemistry and Technology Department, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim Y, Jeon JY, Han SH, Ha N, Jang K, Kim MG. Quantitative analysis of acetylsalicylic acid in human blood using volumetric absorptive microsampling. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2018; 26:32-38. [PMID: 32055545 PMCID: PMC6989221 DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2018.26.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) is a novel sampling technique that allows for the collection of an accurate volume of blood by dipping a microsampler tip. The purpose of this study is to compare the requirement of a stabilizing reagent for the conventional venous blood sampling method versus VAMS in the analytical measurement of the concentration of acetylsalicylic acid. A high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the accurate determination of acetylsalicylic acid in human blood. The blood samples spiked with acetylsalicylic acid with and without stabilizing reagent were absorbed into VAMS tips. In the whole blood sample, the same concentration was shown regardless of the addition of the stabilizing reagent, but the concentration decreased when the stabilizing reagent was not added to the VAMS sample. To apply the VAMS technology as a new blood sampling method, stabilizing reagents should be added before the analysis of acetylsalicylic acid concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjeong Kim
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Jeon
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Hee Han
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Ha
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Jang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gul Kim
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tatsumi A, Inoue S, Hamaguchi T, Iwakawa S. The Effect of Ethanol on the Hydrolysis of Ester-Type Drugs by Human Serum Albumin. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:277-280. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Tatsumi
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Sachiyo Inoue
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tsuneo Hamaguchi
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Seigo Iwakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Damnjanović D, Dobričić V, Čudina O, Vladimirov S. Development and validation of liquid chromatography method for determination of acetylsalicylic and salicylic acid in dosage forms. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2018. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm1804885d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
|
6
|
Tatsumi A, Okada M, Inagaki Y, Inoue S, Hamaguchi T, Iwakawa S. Differences in Esterase Activity to Aspirin and p-Nitrophenyl Acetate among Human Serum Albumin Preparations. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1364-9. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Tatsumi
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Masaya Okada
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yoshihiro Inagaki
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Sachiyo Inoue
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tsuneo Hamaguchi
- Educational Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Seigo Iwakawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mwesigwa E, Basit AW. An investigation into moisture barrier film coating efficacy and its relevance to drug stability in solid dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2016; 497:70-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
8
|
Mylrea M, Robertson S, Haywood A, Glass B. Stability of Dispersible Aspirin Tablets Repacked into Dosette Boxes. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2055-2335.2012.tb00171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alison Haywood
- School of Pharmacy, Griffith Health Institute; Griffith University
| | - Beverley Glass
- School of Pharmacy and Molecular Sciences; James Cook University; Townsville Queensland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Iwunze MO. Absorptiometric Determination of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Aqueous Ethanolic Solution. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710802440574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
10
|
Vora DN, Kadav AA. Validated Ultra HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Atorvastatin, Aspirin, and their Degradation Products in Capsules. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070802388482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. N. Vora
- a Department of Chemistry , Mithibai College of Arts, Chauhan Institute of Science & A.J. College of Commerce and Economics , Maharashtra, India
| | - A. A. Kadav
- a Department of Chemistry , Mithibai College of Arts, Chauhan Institute of Science & A.J. College of Commerce and Economics , Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mwesigwa E, Basit AW, Buckton G. Moisture Sorption and Permeability Characteristics of Polymer Films: Implications for Their Use as Barrier Coatings for Solid Dosage Forms Containing Hydrolyzable Drug Substances. J Pharm Sci 2008; 97:4433-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.21304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
12
|
Gandhimathi M, Ravi TK, Abraham A, Thomas R. Simultaneous determination of aspirin and isosorbide 5-mononitrate in formulation by reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2003; 32:1145-8. [PMID: 12907257 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, precise and rapid reversed phase HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of aspirin (AS) and isosorbide 5-mononitrate (ISM) in combined formulation. The method was carried out on a Thermo Quest C18 column using a mixture of water:methanol (water pH adjusted to 3.4 using dilute orthophosphoric acid) and detection was carried out at 215 nm using chlorzoxazone as internal standard. Both the drugs showed linearity in the range of 2-10 microg/ml and limits of quantification was found to be 4 and 40 ng/ml for AS and ISM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Gandhimathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, 395, Sarojini Naidu Street, 641 044, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kralinger MT, Kieselbach GF, Voigt M, Parel JM. Slow release of acetylsalicylic acid by intravitreal silicone oil. Retina 2002; 21:513-20. [PMID: 11642382 DOI: 10.1097/00006982-200110000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess in vitro the potential of silicone oil as a delivery system for acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and to evaluate in vivo the pharmacokinetic distribution of salicylic acid (SA) in the eye. METHODS In an experimental model ASA/silicone oil suspension mixed to a concentration of 1.67 mg/mL was investigated for release rate of ASA and SA. In vivo vitrectomy and intravitreal injection of two different ASA/silicone oil suspensions, both mixed to a concentration of 1.67 mg/mL, was performed on two groups, A and B, of New Zealand white rabbits. Salicylic acid concentrations in ocular tissues, aqueous, vitreous, and blood plasma were evaluated at 6 hours, 24 hours, and 5 days using high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Salicylic acid was detected in all tissues. The highest levels were obtained in the vitreous: 745.4 microg/mL (A) and 640.0 microg/mL (B) at 6 hours. The retina followed with 332.9 ng/mg (A) and 281.3 ng/mg (B) at 6 hours and 31.6 ng/mg (A) and 48.1 ng/mg (B) at day 5. The maximum blood plasma levels were 5.2 microg/mL. CONCLUSION Silicone oil is an efficacious delivery system of ASA in vitro and in vivo. Higher concentrations of SA were found in all ocular tissues and fluids when compared to intravenous administration of maximum doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Kralinger
- Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida 33136, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Intravitreale Applikation von Azetylsalizylsäure mittels Silikonöltamponade. SPEKTRUM DER AUGENHEILKUNDE 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03162961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
15
|
Wang C, Vickers TJ, Mann CK. Direct assay and shelf-life monitoring of aspirin tablets using Raman spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1997; 16:87-94. [PMID: 9447555 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(97)00005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A comparison was made between Raman and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of aspirin tablets. The basis was an assay of aspirin content and the determination of salicylic acid produced by decomposition. Raman observations were performed directly on both intact and powdered tablet material. The limit of detection of HPLC with an ultraviolet detector is lower than that of the Raman measurement, but both are adequate for this application. The reproducibility of the Raman measurement is somewhat better than that of the HPLC measurement. Both methods were used in a degradation study in which samples were stored in a humid atmosphere for a maximum period of 8 weeks. Aside from somewhat higher salicylic acid responses from the HPLC method, which were attributed to hydrolysis during chromatography, results from the two methods were comparable. Direct Raman measurements are faster and do not require the use of solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Wang
- Athena Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Blondino FE, Byron PR. The quantitative determination of aspirin and its degradation products in a model solution aerosol. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1995; 13:111-9. [PMID: 7766717 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(94)00131-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Formulation of pressurized aerosol solutions in propellants for inhalation requires the use of high quantities of surfactants to solubilize the drug. Due to the lipophilic nature of these surfactants, analytical difficulties are created for those wishing to quantify the drug and its degradation products. In order to quantify drug and degradation products by LC it is necessary to separate surfactant and analytes prior to chromatography. To illustrate a typical situation, a method was developed for the analysis of acetylsalicyclic acid (approximately 2.5 x 10(-3) M) and its major degradation products (salicylic acid, acetylsalicylsalicylic acid and salicylsalicylic acid) solubilized in trichloromonofluoromethane (CFC-11) containing 10(-2) M sorbitan trioleate (Span 85). Surfactant extraction problems were reviewed experimentally. The presentation of all analytes and the surfactant, dissolved in hexane, to silica solid phase extraction columns, followed by elution in a polar solvent, was found to be an efficient way of separating this lipophilic surfactant from the analytes. The final assay employed propellant evaporation, reconstitution of the non-volatiles in hexane, normal phase solid phase extraction (recoveries of 100 +/- 10% were observed for all analytes), elution and dilution with mobile phase, and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (Econosphere C8 5 microns, 4.6 x 250 mm). The assay utilized a mobile phase of water, methanol, tetrahydrofuran and 1 M phosphoric acid with ultraviolet detection at 275 nm. Using external standards, linear calibration curves of peak height versus concentration were obtained for all analytes in the expected concentration ranges (r > 0.991). As it is described, the assay had a relative standard deviation of < or = 3.7% for all analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F E Blondino
- Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, Richmond 23298-0533, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The current status of validation in LC methods for the analysis of pharmaceuticals has been reviewed with special reference to compatibility testing methods. Validation data were provided in terms of method linearity, accuracy, precision, system suitability, specificity, use of alternate methods, injection order, application of peak height or area measurements and of internal or external standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T D Wilson
- Sterling Research Group, Rensselaer, NY 12144
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hughes DE, Bramer AM. Anomalous liquid chromatographic results originating from the presence of soap residues and the use of nylon filters. J Chromatogr A 1987; 408:296-302. [PMID: 3429526 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)81813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D E Hughes
- Norwich Eaton Pharmaceuticals, Inc., A Procter & Gamble Company, NY 13815
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Development and evaluation of an automated procedure for the ruggedness testing of chromatographic conditions in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94142-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Verstraeten A, Roets E, Hoogmartens J. Quantitative determination by high-performance liquid chromatography of acetylsalicylic acid and related substances in tablets. J Chromatogr A 1987; 388:201-16. [PMID: 3558647 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography on a Zorbax C8 7-micron column (25 cm X 0.46 cm I.D.) with methanol-water-1 M phosphoric acid (59:36:5) as the mobile phase has been used for the analysis of several naturally aged batches of fourteen brands of acetylsalicyclic acid tablets. The extraction solvent is methanol, containing 2% v/v of formic acid. Salicylic acid is the main impurity. Acetylsalicylsalicylic acid is the second most important impurity, and the corresponding salicylsalicylic acid is rarely present. Buffered or dispersible tablets contain relatively more of the latter two impurities and eventually also the corresponding higher oligomers. Acetylsalicylic anhydride is always a minor impurity. Comparison is made with classical spectrophotometric methods, which are observed to be selective for salicylic acid.
Collapse
|
21
|
|