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Abdel-Gawad FK, Osman O, Bassem SM, Nassar HF, Temraz TA, Elhaes H, Ibrahim M. Spectroscopic analyses and genotoxicity of dioxins in the aquatic environment of Alexandria. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:618-625. [PMID: 29475705 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dioxins have global concerns because of the bioaccumulation tendency and persistency in the environment. Water, seabream Pagrus auratus and seabass Dicentrarchus labrax samples were collected from Abu Qir, Alexandria to evaluate the concentration of dioxin. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) and molecular modeling was applied for elucidating the molecular structure of fish samples. Furthermore, HPLC with UV detection was used to determine the concentration of dioxins (2,8-dichloro dibenzo-p-dioxin). RT-PCR assay was conducted to verify the expression of some immune genes in the fish species as a result of water pollution. The average detected concentrations varied from 0.2 to 1.3μg/l. Gene expression revealed that MHC class 1 and C3 were highly upregulated in liver and muscle of seabass and seabream while T2BP was highly regulated in seabass liver and seabream muscle and seabass muscle for transferrin, FTIR and molecular modeling indicate that dioxin finds its way to fish protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fagr Kh Abdel-Gawad
- Environmental Research Division, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama Osman
- Spectroscopy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah M Bassem
- Environmental Research Division, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Science, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossam F Nassar
- Environmental Sciences and Industrial Development Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Tarek A Temraz
- Marine Science Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hanan Elhaes
- Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Physics Department, Ain Shams University, 11757 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Medhat Ibrahim
- Spectroscopy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., 12622 Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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Simultaneous separation of chlorinated/brominated dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their methoxylated derivatives from hydroxylated analogues on molecularly imprinted polymers prior to gas/liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Talanta 2015; 144:171-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Roszko M, Szymczyk K, Rzepkowska M, Jędrzejczak R. Preliminary study on brominated dioxins/furans and hydroxylated/methoxylated PBDEs in Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) liver. Comparison to the levels of analogue chlorinated co-occurring pollutants. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 96:165-175. [PMID: 26002098 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Low pg levels of PBDD/Fs in 0.8-38.9 pg g(-1) (fat) range (mean 14.2 pg g(-1)) observed in the tested cod liver samples were significantly lower than levels of their chlorinated analogues (25.1-95.9 range, 37.7 mean pg g(-1) fat). Brominated furans dominated the congener profile. Elevated levels of OH-/MeO-BDE were however observed with mean concentrations at 2769±1319 and 5441±2918 pg g(-1) (fat) respectively. The observed congener profiles with the predominance of 6-OH-BDE 47 and the relatively high proportion between the native and hydroxylated compounds indicate on natural origin of those compounds or at least presence of various exposure sources. A large fraction of studied samples did not comply with the currently standing EU regulations concerning PCBs and chlorinated dioxins (11%), especially as regards non-dioxin like PCBs (88%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Roszko
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Szymczyk
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rzepkowska
- Department of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Jędrzejczak
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
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Roszko M, Szymczyk K, Jędrzejczak R. Separation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans, non-ortho/mono/di/tri/tetra-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers groups of compounds prior to their determination with large volume injection gas chromatography—Quadrupole ion storage tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 799:88-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Separation of PCBs by liquid chromatography on reversed phase sub-2-micron particle columns. Talanta 2010; 80:1849-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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van Leeuwen S, de Boer J. Advances in the gas chromatographic determination of persistent organic pollutants in the aquatic environment. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1186:161-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Automated fractionation procedure for polycyclic aromatic compounds in sediment extracts on three coupled normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography columns. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1185:31-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulamit Levin
- a Analytical Department , Medtechnica Inc. , Efal St. 5 Kiriat Arye, Petach Tikva , Israel , 49002
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Oterhals Å, Solvang M, Nortvedt R, Berntssen MHG. Optimization of activated carbon-based decontamination of fish oil by response surface methodology. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200700083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Malavia J, Abalos M, Santos FJ, Abad E, Rivera J, Galceran MT. Analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in vegetable oil samples by gas chromatography–ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1149:321-32. [PMID: 17399728 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography coupled to ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (CG-MS-MS) has been evaluated for the analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) in vegetable oil samples containing different concentration levels (0.2-6 pg WHO-TEQ g(-1) for both PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs) of the 29 toxic congeners of PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCBs. The effect of potential interfering compounds such as polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated diphenylethers (PCDEs) on the quantification of mono-ortho PCBs has been investigated. In addition, the influence of the clean-up procedure on the final determination by CG-MS-MS was studied, showing that the quality of the results depends to a great extent on this analytical step. Quality parameters have been established and good precisions (CV: 3-19%) and low limits of detection for PCDD/Fs (0.04-0.20 pg g(-1) oil) and dl-PCBs (0.08-0.64 pg g(-1) oil) were obtained. The method was validated by a comparison of the CG-MS-MS results with those obtained by GC-HRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malavia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués, 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Hoekstra PF, O'Hara TM, Backus SM, Hanns C, Muir DCG. Concentrations of persistent organochlorine contaminants in bowhead whale tissues and other biota from northern Alaska: implications for human exposure from a subsistence diet. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2005; 98:329-40. [PMID: 15910787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2004.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Revised: 09/16/2004] [Accepted: 09/24/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus; n = 5) blubber, liver, muscle, kidney, heart, diaphragm, tongue, and uncooked maktak (bowhead whale epidermis and blubber) were collected during subsistence hunts at Barrow, AK, USA (1997-1999) to measure concentrations of persistent organochlorine contaminants (OCs). The exposure of humans to OCs via bowhead whales and other biota [fish, ringed (Phoca hispida) and bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus), and beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas)] as part of a subsistence diet was evaluated. Concentrations of OCs in bowhead whale tissues were correlated with lipid content (P < 0.001) and were less than levels in other marine mammals reported herein, reflecting the lower trophic status of this cetacean. The relative proportions of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and sum (Sigma) concentrations of chlordane components (SigmaCHL), DDT-related compounds (SigmaDDT), and polychlorinated biphenyls (SigmaPCB) were not statistically different among the tissues analyzed (P < 0.05). However, relatively higher proportions of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (SigmaHCH), particularly beta-HCH, were observed in bowhead whale heart and diaphragm (P < 0.03). Based on Canadian and World Health Organization daily intake guidelines, "safe" human consumption rates of bowhead whale tissue and other marine biota were calculated. The most restrictive limits (mean value) for daily consumption for bowhead and beluga whale were 302 and 78 g for maktak and maktaaq (beluga whale epidermis and blubber), respectively. The tolerable daily intake limits of dioxin-like compounds from the consumption of bowhead whale blubber and liver were calculated to be 199 g (approximately 600 g for maktak) and 2222 g, respectively. A detailed profile of traditional/country foods consumed by subsistence communities of northern Alaska is required to address chronic exposure in more detail. Overall, bowhead whale tissues and other biota from northern Alaska are safe to consume at, or below, the levels calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Hoekstra
- National Water Research Institute, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ont., Canada L7R4A6
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Malavia J, Santos FJ, Galceran MT. Gas chromatography–ion trap tandem mass spectrometry versus GC–high-resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of non-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls in fish. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1056:171-8. [PMID: 15595547 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gas chromatography coupled with ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) has been compared to gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS) for the analysis of non-ortho-chlorinated biphenyl (CB) congeners in fish samples. The MS-MS operating parameters related to the isolation and fragmentation of the precursor ions by resonant collision induced dissociation (CID) were optimised in order to achieve maximum sensitivity and selectivity. Analytical procedure consisting of Soxhlet extraction, clean-up using a multilayer silica column and the isolation of the target compounds with SPE commercial carbon cartridges packed with Carbopack B has been applied. Quality parameters have been established using standard solutions and fish samples. Good repeatability, long-term precision (lower than 10%), and limits of detection between 0.12 and 0.16 pg g(-1) were obtained. The effect of potential interfering compounds such as polychlorinated naphthalenes in the quantification of non-ortho-CBs has been investigated. Using selective CID fragmentation conditions, the effect of these compounds was minimised. The GC-MS-MS method was validated by comparing the results with those obtained in two European intercomparison exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Malavia
- Departament de Química Analítica, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Lundgren K, Tysklind M, Ishaq R, Broman D, van Bavel B. Flux estimates and sedimentation of polychlorinated naphthalenes in the northern part of the Baltic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2003; 126:93-105. [PMID: 12860106 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(03)00144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and fluxes of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were measured in surface sediments, and settling particulate matter collected in sediment traps, at two coastal and two offshore sampling stations in the Gulf of Bothnia, northern Baltic Sea, Sweden. The PCN concentrations (of tetra- to hepta-chloro congeners) in the surface sediments ranged from 0.27 to 2.8 ng/g dry weight and were of the same order of magnitude as background concentrations reported previously in Europe. The PCN fluxes in the southern basin (0.93 and 0.86 microg/m2/year) of the Gulf of Bothnia were higher than those in the northern basin (0.58 and 0.49 microg/m2/year); they were also higher near the coast than in the open sea. These PCN fluxes are similar to the pre-industrial levels determined from lake sediments in northwest England. The PCN homologue distribution changed from a relatively even distribution in samples collected near the coast, to TeCNs dominating in the samples from the open sea. This indicates that higher chlorinated PCNs are deposited and retained in sediments to a higher degree near the coast. The total annual deposition of PCNs in sediments in the Gulf of Bothnia was estimated to be 91 kg/year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell Lundgren
- Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden.
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Lundgren K, Tysklind M, Ishaq R, Broman D, van Bavel B. Polychlorinated naphthalene levels, distribution, and biomagnification in a benthic food chain in the Baltic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2002; 36:5005-5013. [PMID: 12523413 DOI: 10.1021/es0201146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The scientific literature contains little information regarding bioaccumulation and biomagnification of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in food webs. Here we present new information on the food chain transfer of PCNs within a food chain in a subarctic environment PCNs (tetra- to hepta-chloro congeners) were measured in surface sediments and in a marine benthic food chain, comprising amphipods, isopods, and fourhorned sculpins. Samples were collected from five locations in the Gulf of Bothnia, northern Baltic Sea. PCN concentrations in the sediments were similar to background levels determined previously in sediments from the northern hemisphere. Measurement of the carbon content of the sediments allowed the calculation of biota to sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs). Tetra- and penta-CNs exhibited BSAF values greater than one, while BSAFs for the more chlorinated PCNs were less than one. This suggests more efficient assimilation, by amphipods, of the less chlorinated PCNs. A decrease in sigmaPCN concentrations from the lowest to the highest trophic level was demonstrated (amphipods: 10-69 ng/g lw, isopods: 3.9-16 ng/g lw; fourhorned sculpins: 0.54-1.5 ng/g lw). Biomagnification factors (BMFs) were calculated based on the concentrations of the congeners. These indicated that a few congeners biomagnified significantly: the highest BMFs (0.09-1.4) were found for 2,3,6,7-substituted congeners and those lacking adjacent hydrogen-substituted carbon atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiell Lundgren
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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