1
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Martins FCOL, Batista AD, Melchert WR. Current overview and perspectives in environmentally friendly microextractions of carbamates and dithiocarbamates. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:6116-6145. [PMID: 34564942 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbamates and dithiocarbamates are two classes of pesticides widely employed in the agriculture practice to control and avoid pests and weeds, hence, the monitoring of the residue of those pesticides in different foodstuff samples is important. Thus, this review presents the classification, chemical structure, use, and toxicology of them. Moreover, it was shown the evolution of liquid- and solid-phase microextractions employed in the extraction of carbamates and dithiocarbamates in water and foodstuff samples. The classification, operation mode, and application of the microextractions of liquid-phase and solid-phase used in their extraction were discussed and related to the analytical parameters and guidelines of green analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex D Batista
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Wanessa R Melchert
- College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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2
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Sun W, Liu L, Memon AG, Zhou X, Zhao H. Waveguide-Based Fluorescent Immunosensor for the Simultaneous Detection of Carbofuran and 3-Hydroxy-Carbofuran. BIOSENSORS 2020; 10:bios10120191. [PMID: 33260832 PMCID: PMC7761426 DOI: 10.3390/bios10120191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbofuran (CBF) is an efficient and broad-spectrum insecticide. As testing indicators for water quality and agricultural products, CBF and its metabolite 3-hydroxy-carbofuran (3-OH-CBF) are regulated by many countries. The detection of CBF and 3-OH-CBF is of great importance for the environment and human health. However, an immunosensor detection method for the simultaneous analysis of CBF and 3-OH-CBF remains unavailable. Herein, we report a waveguide-based fluorescent immunosensor for detecting CBF and 3-OH-CBF, synchronously. The immunosensor is based on a broad-spectrum monoclonal antibody with high binding affinity against CBF and 3-OH-CBF. The linear detection ranges for CBF and 3-OH-CBF are 0.29-2.69 and 0.12-4.59 μg/L, with limits of detection of 0.13 μg/L for CBF and 0.06 μg/L for 3-OH-CBF, respectively. The whole detection process for each cycle is approximately 30 min. The results show a good application prospect for the rapid detection of CBF and 3-OH-CBF in water or agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Sun
- Key Laboratory of A & F Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.L.); (A.G.M.)
| | - Lanhua Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.L.); (A.G.M.)
| | - Abdul Ghaffar Memon
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.L.); (A.G.M.)
- Department of Environmental Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Xiaohong Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (L.L.); (A.G.M.)
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of A & F Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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3
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Knoll S, Rösch T, Huhn C. Trends in sample preparation and separation methods for the analysis of very polar and ionic compounds in environmental water and biota samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6149-6165. [PMID: 32710277 PMCID: PMC7442764 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02811-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent years showed a boost in knowledge about the presence and fate of micropollutants in the environment. Instrumental and methodological developments mainly in liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry hold a large share in this success story. These techniques soon complemented gas chromatography and enabled the analysis of more polar compounds including pesticides but also household chemicals, food additives, and pharmaceuticals often present as traces in surface waters. In parallel, sample preparation techniques evolved to extract and enrich these compounds from biota and water samples. This review article looks at very polar and ionic compounds using the criterion log P ≤ 1. Considering about 240 compounds, we show that (simulated) log D values are often even lower than the corresponding log P values due to ionization of the compounds at our reference pH of 7.4. High polarity and charge are still challenging characteristics in the analysis of micropollutants and these compounds are hardly covered in current monitoring strategies of water samples. The situation is even more challenging in biota analysis given the large number of matrix constituents with similar properties. Currently, a large number of sample preparation and separation approaches are developed to meet the challenges of the analysis of very polar and ionic compounds. In addition to reviewing them, we discuss some trends: for sample preparation, preconcentration and purification efforts by SPE will continue, possibly using upcoming mixed-mode stationary phases and mixed beds in order to increase comprehensiveness in monitoring applications. For biota analysis, miniaturization and parallelization are aspects of future research. For ionic or ionizable compounds, we see electromembrane extraction as a method of choice with a high potential to increase throughput by automation. For separation, predominantly coupled to mass spectrometry, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography applications will increase as the polarity range ideally complements reversed phase liquid chromatography, and instrumentation and expertise are available in most laboratories. Two-dimensional applications have not yet reached maturity in liquid-phase separations to be applied in higher throughput. Possibly, the development and commercial availability of mixed-mode stationary phases make 2D applications obsolete in semi-targeted applications. An interesting alternative will enter routine analysis soon: supercritical fluid chromatography demonstrated an impressive analyte coverage but also the possibility to tailor selectivity for targeted approaches. For ionic and ionizable micropollutants, ion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis are amenable but may be used only for specialized applications such as the analysis of halogenated acids when aspects like desalting and preconcentration are solved and the key advantages are fully elaborated by further research. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Knoll
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Rösch
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carolin Huhn
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen, Germany.
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4
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Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang M, Lin H, He L, Li L, Wang B. Application of Immunoassays for Rapid Monitor of Carbofuran Residue in Vegetables. J Food Sci 2019; 84:3296-3302. [PMID: 31589343 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Carbofuran residue in vegetables is a concern to human health. Direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA) and dipstick immunoassay were developed in the present study. The dcELISA showed a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50 ) and working range of 1.3 and 0.2 to 7.5 ng/mL, respectively, while the cutoff value of dipstick immunoassay was 20 ng/mL. Applying the two immunoassays, we achieved the goal of rapid screening of carbofuran residue in commercial vegetables with a simple sample processing method. Among 46 leek, 39 potato, and 39 sweet potato samples, carbofuran residue was detected in 22% of the leek samples, and two samples exceeded the maximum residue limit of China (0.02 mg/kg). In addition, carbofuran residue was found at less than 2.5 ng/g in one potato and one sweet potato samples. The residual level of carbofuran measured by immunoassays agreed well with those determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. To ensure food safety and human health, it is greatly necessary and meaningful to monitor carbofuran residue in commercial vegetables. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Rapid monitoring of carbofuran residue in vegetables is very necessary and important for consumers, regulatory agencies, and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guiyu Tan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mian Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huan Lin
- Inst. of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lishan He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Natl. Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi Univ., Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Inst. of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Baomin Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural Univ., Beijing, 100193, China
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5
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Diop A, Diop YM, Sarr SO, Ndiaye B, Gueye R, Thiam K, Cazier F, Delattre F. Pesticide Contamination of Soil and Groundwater in the Vulnerable Agricultural Zone of the Niayes (Dakar, Senegal). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2019.1613928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amadou Diop
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Control, Faculty of de Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Yérim Mbagnick Diop
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Control, Faculty of de Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Serigne Omar Sarr
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Control, Faculty of de Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Bara Ndiaye
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Control, Faculty of de Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Rokhaya Gueye
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Control, Faculty of de Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Khadidiatou Thiam
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Food Control, Faculty of de Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta DIOP University, BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fabrice Cazier
- Common Center of Measurements, Littoral Côte d’Opale University, BP 59140, Dunkerque, France
| | - François Delattre
- Unit of Environmental Chemistry and Interactions with Life, Littoral Côte d’Opale University, BP 59140, Dunkerque, France
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6
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Han J, Liu W, Su R, Zhu L, Wu D, Xu J, Liu A, Zhang H, Kou W, Zhang X, Yang S. Coupling of micro-solid-phase extraction and internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for ultra-sensitive detection of 1-hydroxypyrene and papaverine in human urine samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3281-3290. [PMID: 30989270 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of ultra-trace analytes in complex biological samples using micro-solid-phase extraction followed by direct detection with internal extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (μSPE-iEESI-MS) was demonstrated. 1-Hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and papaverine at attomole levels in human raw urine samples were analyzed under negative and positive ion detection mode, respectively. The μSPE was simply prepared by packing a disposable syringe filter with octadecyl carbon chain (C18)-bonded micro silica particles, which were then treated as the "bulk sample" after the analytes were efficiently enriched by the C18 particles. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the analytes were readily eluted by isopropanol/water (80/20, V/V) at a high voltage of ± 4.0 kV, producing analyte ions under ambient conditions. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.02 pg/L (9.2 amol) for 1-hydroxypyrene and 0.02 pg/L (5.9 amol) for papaverine. The acceptable linearity (R2 > 0.99), signal stability (RSD ≤ 10.7%), spike recoveries (91-95%), and comparable results for real urine samples were also achieved, opening up possibilities for quantitative analysis of trace compounds (at attomole levels) in complex bio-samples. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Rui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lixue Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Debo Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Jiaquan Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Aiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Wei Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Shuiping Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
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7
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Farajzadeh MA, Abbaspour M. Development of a new sample preparation method based on liquid–liquid–liquid extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and its application on unfiltered samples containing high content of solids. Talanta 2017; 174:111-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Wu J, Liang X, Hao L, Wang C, Wu Q, Wang Z. Graphene oxide cross-linked with phytic acid: an efficient adsorbent for the extraction of carbamates. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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9
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Saini R, Kumar P, Hira SK, Manna PP. Evaluation of carbofuran-mediated toxicity against human lymphocytes and red blood cells in simulated wastewater degraded by coagulation-flocculation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15315-15324. [PMID: 28502049 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9098-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Coagulation-flocculation in water treatment has been relied upon aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) salts for treatment of contaminants present in source waters containing dissolved organic compounds. However, water quality deteriorates day by day which makes it urgent to improve the standards of the treatment procedure. Coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation performance of ferric chloride and alum was comparatively investigated for carbofuran treatment in simulated wastewater. Coagulation trails were performed in a jar test at several pH levels and coagulant doses to determine reduction efficiencies of carbofuran degradation and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Effect of carbofuran on proliferation, viability, and direct cytotoxicity was performed using human neuroblastoma cells U-87. Direct toxicity of carbofuran on human mononuclear cells and red blood cells (RBC) was also analyzed. Carbofuran and its derivatives were found to be relatively safe at low concentration (2-5 μM). However, at slightly higher concentration (8 μM), a moderate loss in viability and proliferative potential was observed. Taken together, these results suggest that carbofuran appears to be safe at moderate or low concentration with respect to viability of normal human lymphocytes and RBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roli Saini
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Sumit Kumar Hira
- Department of Zoology, Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Partha Pratim Manna
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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10
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Jin T, Li F, Cheng J, Wu S, Zhou H, Cheng M. Polymer monolithic column containing embedded graphene oxide sheets for sensitive determination of carbamate insecticides by HPLC. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Christodoulou DL, Kanari P, Hadjiloizou P, Constantinou P. Pesticide residues analysis in wine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and using ethyl acetate extraction method: validation and pilot survey in real samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09571264.2015.1022255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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12
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Dong S, Huang G, Lu J, Huang T. Determination of fungicides in sediments using a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure based on solidification of floating organic drop. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1337-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheying Dong
- College of Sciences; Xi-an University of Architecture and Technology; Xi-an China
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering; Xi-an University of Architecture and Technology; Xi'an China
| | - Guiqi Huang
- College of Sciences; Xi-an University of Architecture and Technology; Xi-an China
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering; Xi-an University of Architecture and Technology; Xi'an China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering; Xi-an University of Architecture and Technology; Xi'an China
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13
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Fan S, Zhao P, Yu C, Pan C, Li X. Simultaneous determination of 36 pesticide residues in spinach and cauliflower by LC-MS/MS using multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based dispersive solid-phase clean-up. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 31:73-82. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.853324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Pelit L, Dizdaş TN. Preparation and application of a polythiophene solid-phase microextraction fiber for the determination of endocrine-disruptor pesticides in well waters. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3234-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Levent Pelit
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Ege University; Bornova İzmir Turkey
| | - Tuğberk Nail Dizdaş
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Ege University; Bornova İzmir Turkey
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15
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Korba K, Pelit L, Pelit FO, Ozdokur KV, Ertaş H, Eroğlu AE, Ertaş FN. Preparation and characterization of sodium dodecyl sulfate doped polypyrrole solid phase micro extraction fiber and its application to endocrine disruptor pesticide analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 929:90-6. [PMID: 23669608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A robust in house solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) surface has been developed for the headspace (HS)-SPME determination of endocrine disruptor pesticides, namely, Chlorpyrifos, Penconazole, Procymidone, Bromopropylate and Lambda-Cyhalothrin in wine sample by using sodium dodecylsulfate doped polypyrrole SPME fiber. Pyrrole monomer was electrochemically polymerized on a stainless steel wire in laboratory conditions in virtue of diminishing the cost and enhancing the analyte retention on its surface to exert better selectivity and hence the developed polymerized surface could offer to analyst to exploit it as a fiber in headspace SPME analysis. The parameters, mainly, adsorption temperature and time, desorption temperature, stirring rate and salt amount were optimized to be as 70°C and 45min, 200°C, 600rpm and 10gL(-1), respectively. Limit of detection was estimated in the range of 0.073-1.659ngmL(-1) for the pesticides studied. The developed method was applied in to red wine sample with acceptable recovery values (92-107%) which were obtained for these selected pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korcan Korba
- Ege University, Science Faculty, Department of Chemistry, Bornova 35100, İzmir, Turkey
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16
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Chen H, Liu X, Yang D, Yin P. Degradation pattern of gibberellic acid during the whole process of tea production. Food Chem 2013; 138:976-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Sun M, Ma X, Wang J, Wang W, Wu Q, Wang C, Wang Z. Graphene grafted silica-coated Fe3O4nanocomposite as absorbent for enrichment of carbamates from cucumbers and pears prior to HPLC. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1478-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Agricultural University of Hebei; Baoding; China
| | - Xiaoxing Ma
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Agricultural University of Hebei; Baoding; China
| | - Juntao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Agricultural University of Hebei; Baoding; China
| | - Weina Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Agricultural University of Hebei; Baoding; China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Agricultural University of Hebei; Baoding; China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Agricultural University of Hebei; Baoding; China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; Agricultural University of Hebei; Baoding; China
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18
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Determination of selected pharmaceutical residues in wastewater using an automated open bed solid phase microextraction system. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1262:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Yuan J, Raza W, Huang Q, Shen Q. The ultrasound-assisted extraction and identification of antifungal substances fromB. amyloliquefaciensstrain NJN-6 suppressingFusarium oxysporum. J Basic Microbiol 2012; 52:721-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201100560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Guo L, Lee HK. Low-density solvent based ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction and on-column derivatization combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the determination of carbamate pesticides in environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1235:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Sarafraz-Yazdi A, Assadi H, Wan Ibrahim WA. Determination of Triazole Fungicides Using Hollow Fiber Liquid Phase Microextraction Prior to Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie202856h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sarafraz-Yazdi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Assadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty
of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty
of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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22
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Wu YJ, Fu XW, Yang H. Cloud point extraction with Triton X-114 for separation of metsulfuron-methyl, chlorsulfuron, and bensulfuron-methyl from water, soil, and rice and analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 61:359-367. [PMID: 21127849 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-010-9626-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new and efficient analytic methodology based on cloud point extraction (CPE) was developed for determination of pesticide residues of metsulfuron-methyl (MSM), chlorsulfuron (CS), and bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) in water, soil, and rice grain by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Multiple experimental conditions that affected CPE efficiency-including surfactant type and concentration, equilibration temperature and duration, ionic strength, and solution pH were identified. CPE conditions were optimized as follows: 1.5% Triton X-114 (w/v), 12% Na(2)SO(4) (w/v) solution (pH 2.0), and heat-assisted at 50 °C for 15 min. The calibration curves for all analytes were linear, ranging from 0.05 to 4.0 mg L(-1), with the correlation coefficients >0.9995 by HPLC-ultraviolet detector and were linear, ranging from 0.004 to 2.0 mg L(-1), with correlation coefficients >0.9983 by CPE-HPLC. The average recoveries at the three spiked levels using CPE ranged from 86.0% to 94.5% for water samples with relative SDs (RSDs) of 0.4% to approximately 7.8%; from 85.6% to 94.8% for soil samples with RSDs of 1.2% to approximately 9.5%; and from 81.9% to 91.3% for rice samples with RSDs of 1.7% to approximately 5.8%. The proposed CPE-HPLC method can be successfully used to analyze MSM, CS, and BSM residues from contaminated water, soil, and rice grain samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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23
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Dasgupta S, Banerjee K, Utture S, Kusari P, Wagh S, Dhumal K, Kolekar S, Adsule PG. Extraction of pesticides, dioxin-like PCBs and PAHs in water based commodities using liquid–liquid microextraction and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6780-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Wang XW, Liu JF, Yin YG. Development of an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for high throughput determination of organophosphorus flame retardants in environmental water. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6705-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Liu X, Wang X, Xu J, Dong F, Song W, Zheng Y. Determination of tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin and its metabolite in fruit and vegetables by a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method using gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector and ion trap mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 25:1081-90. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Omamogho JO, Stack EM, Santalad A, Srijaranai S, Glennon JD, Yamen H, Albert K. Retention and selectivity properties of carbamate pesticides on novel polar-embedded stationary phases. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 397:2513-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2010] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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de Santana FJM, Jabor VAP, Cesarino EJ, Lanchote VL, Bonato PS. Enantioselective analysis of mirtazapine, demethylmirtazapine and 8-hydroxy mirtazapine in human urine after solid-phase microextraction. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:268-76. [PMID: 20087868 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A selective and reproducible off-line solid-phase microextraction procedure was developed for the simultaneous enantioselective determination of mirtazapine (MRT), demethylmirtazapine and 8-hydroxymirtazapine in human urine. CE was used for optimization of the extraction procedure whereas LC-MS was used for method validation and application. The influence of important factors in the solid-phase microextraction efficiency is discussed, such as the fiber coatings, extraction time, pH, ionic strength, temperature and desorption time. Before extraction, human urine samples were submitted to enzymatic hydrolysis at 37 degrees C for 16 h. Then, the enzyme was precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and the pH was adjusted to 8 with 1 mol/L pH 11 phosphate buffer solution. In the extraction, the analytes were transferred from the aqueous solution to the polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene fiber coating and then desorbed in methanol. The mean recoveries were 5.4, 1.7 and 1.0% for MRT, demethylmirtazapine and 8-hydroxymirtazapine enantiomers, respectively. The method was linear over the concentration range of 62-1250 ng/mL. The within-day and between-day assay precision and accuracy were lower than 15%. The method was successfully employed in a preliminary cumulative urinary excretion study after administration of racemic MRT to a healthy volunteer.
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28
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Chen JB, Zhao WJ, Liu W, Zhou ZM, Yang MM. Cloud point extraction coupled with derivative of carbofuran as a preconcentration step prior to HPLC. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Tahmasebi E, Yamini Y, Saleh A. Extraction of trace amounts of pioglitazone as an anti-diabetic drug with hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection in biological fluids. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1923-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Huang SP, Chen PS, Huang SD. Dynamic headspace time-extended helix liquid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4347-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Saraji M, Esteki N. Analysis of carbamate pesticides in water samples using single-drop microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:1091-100. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Zhou SN, Ouyang G, Pawliszyn J. Comparison of microdialysis with solid-phase microextraction for in vitro and in vivo studies. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1196-1197:46-56. [PMID: 18339397 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2008] [Revised: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Microdialysis (MD) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods have been developed and compared through in vitro and in vivo studies. For in vitro study, both methods offered accurate and precise results for complex sample matrices by standard addition method. Compared to MD, the fully automated SPME procedure offered several advantages including high-throughput and more efficient sampling, less labor intensity, and capability for batch analysis. For in vivo study, although both techniques provided sampling with minimal perturbation to the system under study, SPME was more sensitive, precise and accurate, suitable for field sampling and had a wider application than MD. It demonstrated that SPME has the potential to replace MD for in vivo study.
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33
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Ogawa S, Brito NM, Silva MRS, Ribeiro ML, Leite LA, Dórea HS, Navickiene S, Abakerli RB, Ferreira JMS. Determination of Carbofuran and 3‐Hydroxycarbofuran Residues in Coconut Water by Solid‐Phase Extraction and Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070600717064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ogawa
- a Departamentos de Química Analítica e de Orgânica , Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista , Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - N. M. Brito
- a Departamentos de Química Analítica e de Orgânica , Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista , Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - M. R. S. Silva
- a Departamentos de Química Analítica e de Orgânica , Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista , Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - M. L. Ribeiro
- a Departamentos de Química Analítica e de Orgânica , Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista , Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - L. A. Leite
- b Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Sergipe , São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - H. S. Dórea
- b Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Sergipe , São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - S. Navickiene
- b Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de Sergipe , São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
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Maloschik E, Ernst A, Hegedűs G, Darvas B, Székács A. Monitoring water-polluting pesticides in Hungary. Microchem J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2006.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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35
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Petropoulou SSE, Tsarbopoulos A, Siskos PA. Determination of carbofuran, carbaryl and their main metabolites in plasma samples of agricultural populations using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:1444-56. [PMID: 16865341 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (GC-MS/MS) method has been developed for the determination of carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl methylcarbamate), carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate) and their main metabolites in human blood plasma. Optimization of the isolation of the compounds from plasma matrix included the precipitation, denaturation and digestion of plasma proteins. Derivatization was achieved by the use of trifluoroacetic acid anhydride and was optimized for temperature, time and volume of derivatization agent. In the proposed method, a mild precipitation technique was applied using beta-mercaptoethanol and ascorbic acid in combination with solid-phase extraction technique using Oasis HLB (Hydrophobic Lipophilic Balance) cartridges for further clean up of samples. Carbamate linkage was not hydrolyzed to its phenol product, but both carbamate phenol and ketones were transformed into trifluoroacetyl derivatives in order to become volatile compounds and were determined using tandem mass spectrometry. The linearity of the method was shown for nine concentrations in the range of 0.50-250 ng mL(-1) in fortified plasma aliquots. Limits of detection (LODs) for all compounds ranged from 0.015-0.151 ng mL(-1). Inter-day and intra-day assays (RSD) for all compounds, at three concentration levels of 2.5, 25 and 100 ng mL(-1) (n=3) in fortified plasma samples were less than 18%. Accuracy (%E (r)) was calculated at three concentration levels, 8, 80 and 160 ng mL(-1) (n=3), and ranged from -12.0 to 15.0%. Matrix effect was evaluated so mean recoveries were calculated for all compounds and ranged from 81-107%. Specificity for the use of this method to biological monitoring studies was achieved including four main metabolites of CF, 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol from the naphthalene metabolism pathways, and both the parent compound of carbofuran and carbaryl. The proposed method was applied to plasma samples of pesticide users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrago-Styliani E Petropoulou
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, 100 Othonos str., 145 62, Kifissia, Greece
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36
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Petropoulou SSE, Gikas E, Tsarbopoulos A, Siskos PA. Gas chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric method for the quantitation of carbofuran, carbaryl and their main metabolites in applicators’ urine. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1108:99-110. [PMID: 16442549 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2005] [Revised: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new gas chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method has been developed and validated for the determination of two N-methylcarbamates, carbofuran and carbaryl and their metabolites in applicators' urine specimens. Mild conditions were used for sample preparation based on enzymic hydrolysis and solid-phase extraction using Oasis HLB sorbent cartridges. Amides, phenols and ketones were first converted to volatile derivatives of trifluoroacetic acid anhydride (TFAA) and afterwards were quantitated using tandem mass spectrometry. Linear calibration equations (1-200 ng mL(-1) urine) were obtained from fortified urine samples for all eight compounds, carbaryl, 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, and carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, 7-phenol, carbofuran-3-keto, 3- hydroxycarbofuranphenol. For all compounds, the limit of detection was lower than 0.1 ng mL(-1). Precision for all compounds, at the concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 ng mL(-1) (n = 5) in-fortified urine samples ranged from 0.7% to 18%. Accuracy was calculated at two concentrations 8 and 80 ng mL(-1) (n = 5) and ranged from -8.4% to 8.2%. Relative recoveries at concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 ng mL(-1), ranged from 71% to 116%. The method was successfully applied to five male applicators and 10 non-applicators (including both smokers and non-smokers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrago-Styliani E Petropoulou
- Bioanalytical Laboratory, GAIA Research Center, The Goulandris Natural History Museum, 100 Othonos Str., 145 62 Kifissia, Greece
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37
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van Beek TA, Silva IMMS, Posthumus MA, Melo R. Partial elucidation of Trichogramma putative sex pheromone at trace levels by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry studies. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1067:311-21. [PMID: 15844537 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Virgin females of the minute parasitoid wasp Trichogramma turkestanica produce about 2 pg/h of two putative sex pheromonal compounds. These compounds could be successfully sampled during 20-50 h with SPME from 1.8 mL vials, containing 50-110 wasps and analysed by GC-MS. Accurate mass measurements at the 1 ng scale were possible with an internal standard of sulphur. One compound with MW 236 was identified as a C17H32 hydrocarbon while the other compound was the corresponding allylic alcohol with composition C17H32O. The alcohol could be silylated on-fibre and its mass spectrum suggested the presence of a conjugated 2,4-diene moiety. A miniaturised solvent extraction system for SPME needles, using 5 microL of acetone in a microtube was developed. After reaction of the extracted volatiles with the dienophile 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (MTAD), GC-MS of the MTAD adducts confirmed the presence of a diene. Interpretation of the combined mass spectral data, in combination with retention indexes of both compounds on non-polar and polar columns, suggested 2,6,8,12-tetramethyltrideca-2,4-diene and 2,6,8,12-tetramethyltrideca-2,4-dien-1-ol as most probable structures. These compounds have not been described previously. Biogenetically, they are most likely polyketides made up of a C4 starter unit that has been elongated with C2 and C3 units. Further biological and synthetic studies are necessary to prove their role as sex pheromone, confirm the proposed structures and determine the correct stereochemistry of the double bonds and the methyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teris A van Beek
- Natural Products Chemistry Group, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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38
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Carabias-Martínez R, García-Hermida C, Rodríguez-Gonzalo E, Ruano-Miguel L. Behaviour of carbamate pesticides in gas chromatography and their determination with solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction as preconcentration steps. J Sep Sci 2005; 28:2130-8. [PMID: 16318209 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200400047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a study of the chromatographic behaviour of seven carbamate pesticides (aldicarb, carbetamide, propoxur, carbofuran, carbaryl, methiocarb, and pirimicarb) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Variables such as injector temperature, solvent, injection mode, and the degree of ageing of the chromatographic column were studied. One of the aims of this work was to achieve a controlled decomposition of carbamates by a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) preconcentration step with a polyacrylate fibre in order to obtain reproducible chromatographic signals of the degradation products. Optimisation of the SPME process was accomplished by means of experimental design. Several methods using ultrapure water were developed with different preconcentration configurations: SPME-GC-MS, SPE followed by SPME-GC-MS, and SPE plus GC-MS. For all the pesticides studied, method detection limit (MDL) values below 0.1 microg L-1 were reached in at least one of the proposed configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Carabias-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
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Michulec M, Wardencki W, Partyka M, Namieśnik J. Analytical Techniques Used in Monitoring of Atmospheric Air Pollutants. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340500207482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Xie Z, Ouyang X, Guo L, Lin X, Chen G. Determination of carbofuran by flow-injection with chemiluminescent detection. LUMINESCENCE 2005; 20:226-30. [PMID: 15924322 DOI: 10.1002/bio.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It was found that carbofuran enhances the chemiluminescence reaction between sodium sulphite and Ce(4+) in sulphuric acid, and this formed the basis of a flow-injection system with chemiluminescence detection for determination of carbofuran. Under optimum conditions, the enhanced chemiluminescence intensity was linear, with the concentration of carbofuran in the range 8 x 10(-8)-1.0 x 10(-5) g[sol ]mL, with a detection limit of 2.84 x 10(-8) g[sol ]mL (3 s[sol ]k). The proposed method was applied to the analysis of carbofuran in cabbage, with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghong Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, People's Republic of China
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41
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Wardencki W, Michulec M, Curylo J. A review of theoretical and practical aspects of solid-phase microextraction in food analysis. Int J Food Sci Technol 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.00839.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Kumazawa T, Lee XP, Sato K, Suzuki O. Solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in drug analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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