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Xie L, Wang X, Yao RH, Fan TT, Chen XX, Fan CB, Pu SZ. A Novel “Turn-on” Triphenylamine-Based Fluorescent Probe for Ultrasensitive Detection of Al3+ and Its Application on Test Strips. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022120119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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2
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Lebedeva EL, Neudachina LK. Model of the Electrophoretic Behavior of Complexes of Metals. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024420040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Tong L, Chen Q, Wong AA, Gómez-Bombarelli R, Aspuru-Guzik A, Gordon RG, Aziz MJ. UV-Vis spectrophotometry of quinone flow battery electrolyte for in situ monitoring and improved electrochemical modeling of potential and quinhydrone formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:31684-31691. [PMID: 29165500 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05881k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quinone-based aqueous flow batteries provide a potential opportunity for large-scale, low-cost energy storage due to their composition from earth abundant elements, high aqueous solubility, reversible redox kinetics and their chemical tunability such as reduction potential. In an operating flow battery utilizing 9,10-anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid, the aggregation of an oxidized quinone and a reduced hydroquinone to form a quinhydrone dimer causes significant variations from ideal solution behavior and of optical absorption from the Beer-Lambert law. We utilize in situ UV-Vis spectrophotometry to establish (a), quinone, hydroquinone and quinhydrone molar attenuation profiles and (b), an equilibrium constant for formation of the quinhydrone dimer (KQHQ) ∼ 80 M-1. We use the molar optical attenuation profiles to identify the total molecular concentration and state of charge at arbitrary mixtures of quinone and hydroquinone. We report density functional theory calculations to support the quinhydrone UV-Vis measurements and to provide insight into the dimerization conformations. We instrument a quinone-bromine flow battery with a Pd-H reference electrode in order to demonstrate how complexation in both the negative (quinone) and positive (bromine) electrolytes directly impacts measured half-cell and full-cell voltages. This work shows how accounting for electrolyte complexation improves the accuracy of electrochemical modeling of flow battery electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuchuan Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Kazarjan J, Vaher M, Hunter T, Kulp M, Hunter GJ, Bonetta R, Farrugia D, Kaljurand M. Determination of metal content in superoxide dismutase enzymes by capillary electrophoresis†. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1042-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kazarjan
- Department of Chemistry; Tallinn University of Technology; Tallinn Estonia
| | - Merike Vaher
- Department of Chemistry; Tallinn University of Technology; Tallinn Estonia
| | - Thérèse Hunter
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry; University of Malta; Msida Malta
| | - Maria Kulp
- Department of Chemistry; Tallinn University of Technology; Tallinn Estonia
| | - Gary James Hunter
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry; University of Malta; Msida Malta
| | - Rosalin Bonetta
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry; University of Malta; Msida Malta
| | - Diane Farrugia
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry; University of Malta; Msida Malta
| | - Mihkel Kaljurand
- Department of Chemistry; Tallinn University of Technology; Tallinn Estonia
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Glatz Z. On-capillary derivatisation as an approach to enhancing sensitivity in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:744-63. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Glatz
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Science and CEITEC; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
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Nie M, Wharton JA, Cranny A, Harris NR, Wood RJK, Stokes KR. Characterisation of Crevice and Pit Solution Chemistries Using Capillary Electrophoresis with Contactless Conductivity Detector. MATERIALS 2013; 6:4345-4360. [PMID: 28788335 PMCID: PMC5452835 DOI: 10.3390/ma6104345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to predict structural degradation in-service is often limited by a lack of understanding of the evolving chemical species occurring within a range of different microenvironments associated with corrosion sites. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is capable of analysing nanolitre solution volumes with widely disparate concentrations of ionic species, thereby producing accurate and reliable results for the analysis of the chemical compositions found within microenvironment corrosion solutions, such as those found at crevice and pit corrosion sites. In this study, CE with contactless conductivity detection (CCD) has been used to characterize pitting and crevice corrosion solution chemistries for the first time. By using the capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection (CE-CCD) system, direct and simultaneous detection of seven metal cations (Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, and Al3+) and chloride anions was achieved with a buffer solution of 10 mM 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and 0.5 mM cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxide at pH 4 using a pre-column complexation method. The detection limits obtained for the metal cations and chloride anions were 100 and 10 ppb, respectively. The CE-CCD methodology has been demonstrated to be a versatile technique capable of speciation and quantifying the ionic species generated within artificial pit (a pencil electrode) and crevice corrosion geometries for carbon steels and nickel-aluminium bronze, thus allowing the evolution of the solution chemistry to be assessed with time and the identification of the key corrosion analyte targets for structural health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyan Nie
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Julian A Wharton
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Andy Cranny
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Nick R Harris
- Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Physical Sciences and Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Robert J K Wood
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Keith R Stokes
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
- Physical Sciences Department, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, UK.
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Liu B, Zhang Y, Mayer D, Krause HJ, Jin Q, Zhao J, Offenhäusser A, Xu Y. Determination of heavy metal ions by microchip capillary electrophoresis coupled with contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1247-50. [PMID: 22589101 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An integrated detection circuitry based on a lock-in amplifier was designed for contactless conductivity determination of heavy metals. Combined with a simple-structure electrophoresis microchip, the detection system is successfully utilized for the separation and determination of various heavy metals. The influences of the running buffer and detection conditions on the response of the detector have been investigated. Six millimole 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid + histidine were selected as buffer for its stable baseline and high sensitivity. The best signals were recorded with a frequency of 38 kHz and 20 V(pp). The results showed that Mn(2+), Cd(2+), Co(2+), and Cu(2+) can be successfully separated and detected within 100 s by our system. The detection limits for five heavy metals (Mn(2+), Pb(2+), Cd(2+), Co(2+), and Cu(2+)) were determined to range from about 0.7 to 5.4 μM. This microchip system performs a crucial step toward the realization of a simple, inexpensive, and portable analytical device for metal analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benyan Liu
- Peter Grünberg Institute, Bioelectronics (PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Gholivand MB, Azadbakht A, Pashabadi A. Simultaneous Determination of Trace Zinc and Cadmium by Anodic Stripping Voltammetry Using a Polymeric Film Nanoparticle Self-Assembled Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sarazin C, Delaunay N, Varenne A, Costanza C, Eudes V, Gareil P. Simultaneous capillary electrophoretic analysis of inorganic anions and cations in post-blast extracts of acid-aluminum mixtures. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3177-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Complexation of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic and 2,6-pyridinediacetic acids towards aluminium(III) and iron(III). Polyhedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Basheer C, Lee HK. Determination of copper(I) and copper(II) ions after complexation with bicinchoninic acid by CE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:3520-5. [PMID: 17828801 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A facile, sensitive, and selective method was developed for the simultaneous separation and determination of copper(I) [Cu(+)] and copper(II) [Cu(2+)] ions using CE with direct UV detection. The copper ions were complexed with a 1.5 mM bicinchoninic acid disodium salt solution at pH 8.7 prior to analysis. Acetate buffer (2 mM) was used as the CE running buffer. Parameters affecting CE separation such as sample pH, applied voltage, concentration of complexing agent, nature of the buffer solution, and interferences by other metal ions, were evaluated. The LODs for Cu(+) and Cu(2+) were 3.0 and 2.5 microg/mL (S/N = 3), respectively. The developed method allows the simultaneous determination of Cu(+) and Cu(2+) in less than 5 min with RSDs of between 5.3 and 9.5% for migration time and between 3.4 and 9.7% for peak areas, respectively. At optimum conditions, the percentage recoveries of Cu(+) and Cu(2+) were found to be 99.4 and 99.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanbasha Basheer
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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Analysis of nickel–aluminium bronze crevice solution chemistry using capillary electrophoresis. Electrochem commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2006.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Belin G, Gülaçar F. Metal Analyses in Environmental and Pharmaceutical Samples by Capillary Electrophoresis with Methyl 3-Amino-3-(pyridin-3-yl)propanoate Dihydrochloride as a New Ion-Pairing Reagent. Helv Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200590167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Isoo K, Terabe S. Sweeping via Dynamic Complexation with Cyclohexane-1,2-diaminetetraacetic Acid for Trace Metal Analysis in Capillary Electrophoresis. Chromatographia 2004. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-004-0463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
This review as a sequel of three earlier similar reports gives a summary of the progress and significant methodological developments, starting from 2002, in the use of capillary electrophoresis (CE) for inorganic ion analysis. As substantiated by the illustrative number of relevant references, improvements in sensitivity achieved both in and outside a CE system, advances in manipulating the separation selectivity, novel hardware configurations, and system performance innovations are continually being reported over the review period. Specifically viewed are the recent advancements in elemental (bio)speciation analysis, which remains one of the most fertile areas of CE research, as well as in three recently booming research topics: contactless conductivity detection, separations on microchips, and transient isotachophoretic preconcentration. A state-of-the-art picture of technique's potentialities within the field of interest presented here demonstrates that CE has become recognized and is growing in acceptance as a reliable alternative to traditional analytical methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei R Timerbaev
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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Ubner M, Kaljurand M, Lopp M. Interactions of Pb2+ with fulvic acid by electrophoretically mediated on-capillary microanalysis. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1057:253-6. [PMID: 15584248 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrophoretically mediated microanalysis (EMMA) was used to monitor the on-column complexation of Pb2+ and fulvic acid (FA). Electropherograms revealed several characteristic regions, the areas of which correlate with the metal concentration. The analysis of the electropherograms suggests that at least two different complexes are formed. Therefore, the EMMA is a prospective technique for structural investigation of humic substances (HS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ubner
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia.
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Chen Z, Naidu R. On-column complexation capillary electrophoretic separation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ using 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid coupled with large-volume sample stacking. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1023:151-7. [PMID: 14760859 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
On-column complexation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ with 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,6-PDCA) formed anionic complexes, which were then separated by capillary zone electrophoresis with direct UV detection at 214 nm. To achieve reasonable separation selectivity and on-column complexation, the conditions such as pH, the concentration of 2,6-PCDA and the EOF modifiers in the electrolyte were examined. The electrolyte contained 5.0 mM 2,6-PDCA, 0.25 mM tetradecyltrimethlammonium bromide (TTAB) and 5% (v/v) acetonitrile at pH 4.0 was optimised for on-column complexation and the separation of Fe[PCDA]2(2-) and Fe[PCDA]2(-). To enhance the detection sensitivity, large-volume sample stacking (LVSS) was used for the on-line preconcentration of Fe[PCDA]2(2-) and Fe[PCDA]2(-). Under the optimised conditions, satisfactory working ranges (0.5-50 microM), lower detection limits (less than 0.1 microM) and good repeatability of the peak areas (R.S.D.: 5.2-7.8%, n = 5) was achieved using LVSS (300 s). With LVSS, the detection sensitivity was enhanced more than 50-fold compared to conventional hydrodynamic injection. The proposed method was used successfully for the determination of Fe2+ and Fe3+ in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZuLiang Chen
- CSIRO Land and Water, Adelaide Laboratory, PMB2, University of South Australia, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia.
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Abstract
This review gives a short overview of the main approaches to the derivatization of inorganic ions in capillary electrophoresis (CE) with emphasis on the most recent works. Various derivatization procedures and detection methods are discussed. A brief account of their advantages and limitations is given. More specific areas such as microchip CE, simultaneous separation of anions and cations, and speciation analysis are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrius Padarauskas
- Department of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Yamashiro T, Okada T. Capillary electrophoresis as a nanoreactor of separation capability: on-capillary reaction catalyzed by transition metal ions. Electrophoresis 2003; 24:2168-2173. [PMID: 12858389 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200305406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic oxidation of 1,2-dihydroxy-benzene-3,6-disulfonate (tiron) by metal ions has been studied for detection of the metal ions in capillary electrophoresis (CE). Although Co(2+) shows the strongest catalytic capability, some other metal ions also catalyze this reaction. If metal ions encounter a H(2)O(2 )zone after electrophoretic separation in the running buffer containing tiron, tiron is catalytically oxidized while the metal ion passes through the H(2)O(2) zone. Anionic tiron radicals produced by the reaction are finally measured by the detector; in this scheme, the capillary acts as a nano- or microreactor as well as a microseparator. The effective capillary length can be controlled by changing the interval between metal ion and H(2)O(2) injections. This scheme has been successfully applied to the detection of Co(2+), Cu(2+), Mn(2+), and VO(2+). The detectability is discussed from several viewpoints, such as the intrinsic catalyst ability of metal ions, the kinetics of the catalytic reaction, and reaction times determined by the mobility of the zone of the metal ion. Some strange behaviors, which cannot be predicted by batch experiments, are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoe Yamashiro
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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