1
|
Jin X, Zhang L, Wu S, Huang M, Yu W, Zhang S. Developing an authentication approach using SPME-GC-IRMS based on compound-specific δ 13C analysis of six typical volatiles in wine. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An analytical method using gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS) combined with solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) was developed to measure the δ 13C values of six typical volatiles commonly occurring in wine (isoamyl acetate, 2-octanone, limonene, 2-phenylethanol, ethyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate) for the first time. SPME selected with a divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fiber was combined with the GC-IRMS for pretreatment optimization. The optimized SPME parameters of extraction time, extraction temperature and salt concentration were 40 min, 40 °C and 10%, respectively. The δ 13C values measured by SPME-GC-IRMS were in good agreement with those measured via elemental analyzer (EA)-IRMS and GC-IRMS. The differences range from 0.02 to 0.44‰ with EA-IRMS and from 0 to 0.28‰ with GC-IRMS, indicating the high accuracy of the method. This newly established method measured the precision within 0.30‰ and was successfully validated to discriminate imported real wine samples with identical label but amazing price differences from different importers.
Collapse
|
2
|
do Carmo SN, Mendes LD, Corazza G, Comelli H, Merib J, Carasek E. Determination of pesticides of different chemical classes in drinking water of the state of Santa Catarina (Brazil) using solid-phase microextraction coupled to chromatographic determinations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43870-43883. [PMID: 32740839 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of the concentration of pesticides in drinking water presents a real concern. In this study, a simple and rapid method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and electron capture detectors was developed aiming at multiclass determination of 23 pesticides regulated by the Brazilian legislation. The extraction was carried out by direct immersion mode (DI-SPME) using DVB/Car/PDMS fiber coating. In order to improve the extraction efficiency, parameters such as temperature, salting-out effect, and extraction time were optimized. The method was evaluated using drinking water samples spiked with the analytes at different concentrations, and it showed good linearity in the range studied. The values obtained for limits of quantification (LOQ) were below the limits established by Brazilian regulations. Accuracy and precision of the method exhibited satisfactory results, providing relative recoveries from 70 to 123.34% at three spiked levels, and the relative standard deviations ranged from 0.53 to 24.8%. The method was applied in 20 drinking water samples from 13 cities in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Dorácio Mendes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Corazza
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Comelli
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil
| | - Josias Merib
- Departamento de Farmacociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Carasek
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88040900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aresta A, Milani G, Clodoveo ML, Franchini C, Cotugno P, Radojcic Redovnikovic I, Quinto M, Corbo F, Zambonin C. Development, Optimization, and Comparison of Different Sample Pre-Treatments for Simultaneous Determination of Vitamin E and Vitamin K in Vegetables. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112509. [PMID: 32481534 PMCID: PMC7321086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of vitamin E from the diet can lead to cardiovascular disease, cancer, cataracts, and premature aging. Vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders. These fat-soluble vitamins are important nutritional factors that can be determined in different methods in vegetables. In this work, the simultaneous determination of α-tocopherol, α-tocopheryl acetate, phylloquinone, and menaquinone-4 by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been optimized using both direct injection and solid phase microextraction (SPME). Three different sample pre-treatment approaches based on: (A) solid–liquid–liquid–liquid extraction (SLE–LLE), (B) SLE, and (C) SPME were then applied to extract the target analytes from vegetables samples using menaquinone as internal standard. All the procedures allowed the determination of the target analytes in onion, carrot, celery, and curly kale samples. Similar results were obtained with the three different approaches, even if the one based on SPME offers the best performance, together with a reduced use of solvent, time consumption, and experimental complexity, which makes it the preferable option for industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Aresta
- Department of Chemistry, University “Aldo Moro”, Bari Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (P.C.); (C.Z.)
| | - Gualtiero Milani
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University “Aldo Moro”, Bari Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University “Aldo Moro”, Bari Pz G. Cesare 11, Policlinico di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Carlo Franchini
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University “Aldo Moro”, Bari Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Pietro Cotugno
- Department of Chemistry, University “Aldo Moro”, Bari Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (P.C.); (C.Z.)
| | | | - Maurizio Quinto
- Department of Agricultural Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Foggia, Via A.Gramsci 89/91, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University “Aldo Moro”, Bari Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (G.M.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0805442746
| | - Carlo Zambonin
- Department of Chemistry, University “Aldo Moro”, Bari Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (A.A.); (P.C.); (C.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Chen L, Qiu J, Tang Y, Xu J, Huang S, Liu Y, Ouyang G. Rapid in vivo determination of tetrodotoxin in pufferfish ( Fugu ) muscle by solid-phase microextraction coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2017; 171:179-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
6
|
Azzi-Achkouty S, Estephan N, Ouaini N, Rutledge DN. Headspace solid-phase microextraction for wine volatile analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2009-2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.957379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Azzi-Achkouty
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Estephan
- Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Higher Center of Research (CSR), Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Naïm Ouaini
- Department of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Higher Center of Research (CSR), Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tanwar S, Carro MD, Magi E. Preconcentration and Determination of 2,6-Dichlorobenzamide in Water by Stir Bar Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1022826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
8
|
Pandey K, Dubey RS, Prasad BB. A Critical Review on Clinical Application of Separation Techniques for Selective Recognition of Uracil and 5-Fluorouracil. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 31:3-12. [PMID: 26855482 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-015-0482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The most important objectives that are frequently found in bio-analytical chemistry involve applying tools to relevant medical/biological problems and refining these applications. Developing a reliable sample preparation step, for the medical and biological fields is another primary objective in analytical chemistry, in order to extract and isolate the analytes of interest from complex biological matrices. Since, main inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) diagnosable through uracil analysis and the therapeutic monitoring of toxic 5-fluoruracil (an important anti-cancerous drug) in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficient patients, require an ultra-sensitive, reproducible, selective, and accurate analytical techniques for their measurements. Therefore, keeping in view, the diagnostic value of uracil and 5-fluoruracil measurements, this article refines several analytical techniques involved in selective recognition and quantification of uracil and 5-fluoruracil from biological and pharmaceutical samples. The prospective study revealed that implementation of molecularly imprinted polymer as a solid-phase material for sample preparation and preconcentration of uracil and 5-fluoruracil had proven to be effective as it could obviates problems related to tedious separation techniques, owing to protein binding and drastic interferences, from the complex matrices in real samples such as blood plasma, serum samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khushaboo Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | | | - Bhim Bali Prasad
- Analytical Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arnáiz E, Moreno D, Quesada R. Determination of Volatiles in Mouse Urine by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2013.853182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
10
|
Factorial design optimization of experimental variables in preconcentration of carbamates pesticides in water samples using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography–electrospray-mass spectrometry determination. Talanta 2013; 117:392-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
11
|
Pereira A, Silva E, Cerejeira MJ. Applicability of the new 60 μm polyethylene glycol solid-phase microextraction fiber assembly for the simultaneous analysis of six pesticides in water. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:423-8. [PMID: 23696388 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method has been applied for the simultaneous analysis of six pesticides in water, with polar to moderately polar range, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Two types of fiber coatings [60 µm polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 65 µm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB)] and the effect of salt (addition of 10 and 25% of NaCl) were compared. The extraction efficiency was higher with PEG than with the PDMS/DVB fiber for all pesticides, with the exception of terbuthylazine and phosmet, and with addition of 25% NaCl. The optimized SPME-GC-MS method, adopting the PEG fiber and the addition of 25% NaCl, in addition to other conditions [60 min of direct dipping of the fiber into the water sample (10 mL) under agitation (250 rpm) at ambient temperature; desorption period of 5 min at 240°C] allowed the determination of all studied pesticides and showed good linearity for concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 5 µg/L. Limits of detection varied between 0.003 and 0.145 µg/L, with values below 0.025 µg/L for most of the analytes. Precision ranged from 4.2 to 12%. The proposed method is fast and simple, and was proven to be reliable for the routine analysis of pesticides in water, primarily for environmental monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Pereira
- Centro de Engenharia dos Biossistemas, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Real B, Ortiz M, Sarabia L. Develop of a multiway chemometric-based analytical method fulfilling regulatory identification criteria: Application to GC–MS pesticide residue analysis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 910:122-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
13
|
Abdulra’uf LB, Hammed WA, Tan GH. SPME Fibers for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2011.632315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
14
|
Esrafili A, Yamini Y, Ghambarian M, Moradi M, Seidi S. A novel approach to automation of dynamic hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:957-64. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
15
|
Hassan J, Shamsipur M, Es’haghi A, Fazili S. Determination of Chlorophenoxy Acid Herbicides in Water Samples by Suspended Liquid-Phase Microextraction–Liquid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-1973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
Gao W, Chen G, Chen T, Zhang X, Chen Y, Hu Z. Directly suspended droplet microextraction combined with single drop back-extraction as a new approach for sample preparation compatible with capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2011; 83:1673-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Ouyang G, Vuckovic D, Pawliszyn J. Nondestructive Sampling of Living Systems Using in Vivo Solid-Phase Microextraction. Chem Rev 2011; 111:2784-814. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100203t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dajana Vuckovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Comparison of solid phase microextraction and hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction for the determination of pesticides in aqueous samples by gas chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:2043-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
19
|
Chen XJ, Yang FQ, Wang YT, Li SP. CE and CEC of nucleosides and nucleotides in food materials. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2092-105. [PMID: 20593386 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary nucleosides and nucleotides play an important role in the maintenance of functions of bone marrow hematopoietic cells, intestinal mucosa, and brain. Therefore, analysis of those compounds in food is very important for improving and assuring food quality. This review summarized the application of CE and CEC in the analysis of nucleosides and nucleotides in food. The sample preparation and detection are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jia Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xia Z, Gan T, Chen H, Lv R, Wei W, Yang F. A new open tubular capillary microextraction and sweeping for the analysis of super low concentration of hydrophobic compounds. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3221-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
21
|
Gura S, Joshi M, Almirall JR. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) calibration using inkjet microdrop printing for direct loading of known analyte mass on to SPME fibers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:1049-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Revised: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
22
|
Kumar A, Malik AK, Picó Y. Sample preparation methods for the determination of pesticides in foods using CE-UV/MS. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2115-25. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
23
|
Goulart SM, Alves RD, Neves AA, de Queiroz JH, de Assis TC, de Queiroz MEL. Optimization and validation of liquid–liquid extraction with low temperature partitioning for determination of carbamates in water. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 671:41-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
24
|
Li Q, Lam MH, Wu RS, Jiang B. Rapid magnetic-mediated solid-phase extraction and pre-concentration of selected endocrine disrupting chemicals in natural waters by poly(divinylbenzene-co-methacrylic acid) coated Fe3O4 core-shell magnetite microspheres for their liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry determination. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1219-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 11/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
25
|
Hu Y, Wang Y, Hu Y, Li G. Liquid–liquid–solid microextraction based on membrane-protected molecularly imprinted polymer fiber for trace analysis of triazines in complex aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:8304-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Prasad BB, Tiwari K, Singh M, Sharma PS, Patel AK, Srivastava S. Ultratrace analysis of uracil and 5-fluorouracil by molecularly imprinted polymer brushes grafted to silylated solid-phase microextraction fiber in combination with complementary molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensor. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:499-509. [PMID: 19101922 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Main inborn errors of metabolism diagnosable through uracil (Ura) analysis and the therapeutic monitoring of toxic 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in dihydro pyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficient patients require a sensitive, reproducible, selective and accurate method. In this work, an artificial receptor in the format of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) brush 'grafted to' the surface of sol-gel immobilized on cost-effective homemade solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers, individually imprinted with either of Ura and 5FU, was used in combination with a voltammetric sensor duly modified with the same MIP. This combination provided up to 10- and 8.4-fold preconcentrations of Ura and 5FU, respectively, which was more than sufficient for achieving stringent detection limits in the primitive diagnosis of uracil disorders and fluoropyrimidine toxicity in DPD-deficient patients. The proposed method permits the assessment of Ura and 5FU plasma concentrations with detection limits pf 0.0245 and 0.0484 ng mL(-1) (RSD = 1.0-2.5%, S/N = 3), respectively, without any problems of non-specific false-positives and cross-reactivities in complicated matrices of biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhim Bali Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Division, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Preparation and evaluation of molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction fibers for selective extraction of bisphenol A in complex samples. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5647-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2008] [Revised: 05/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
28
|
Guillet V, Fave C, Montury M. Microwave/SPME method to quantify pesticide residues in tomato fruits. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2009; 44:415-422. [PMID: 20183044 DOI: 10.1080/03601230902934587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new analytical method using focused microwave-assisted extraction (FMAE), coupled with solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), has been elaborated to determine 25 pesticides used in tomato cultivation. Microwave energy was used for a fast and controlled heating of solvent to selectively extract compounds. Calibration curves were plotted from blank tomato samples spiked at different concentrations with standards. A linear response was obtained between 10 and 1000 microg/Kg for pyrethroids and between 0.1 and 5000 microg/Kg for other compounds. For all studied substances, the resulting correlation coefficient (r(2)) was greater than 0.99. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were measured lower than 8 and 25 microg/Kg, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was determined below 15% for all pesticides. Field incurred tomato samples were used to validate the new FMAE/SPME method. Observed analysis results by using this technique were in good agreement compared to those obtained by two accredited trading laboratories using traditional methods. Four tomato samples, bought in a local market, were also tested with the FMAE/SPME method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Guillet
- Laboratoire de Physico- et Toxico-Chimie, Institut des Sciences Moleculaires, 24019 Perigueux Cedex, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Prasad BB, Tiwari K, Singh M, Sharma PS, Patel AK, Srivastava S. Zwitterionic molecularly imprinted polymer-based solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with molecularly imprinted polymer sensor for ultra-trace sensing of L-histidine. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:1096-105. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
30
|
Prasad BB, Tiwari K, Singh M, Sharma PS, Patel AK, Srivastava S. Ultratrace Analysis of Dopamine Using a Combination of Imprinted Polymer-Brush-Coated SPME and Imprinted Polymer Sensor Techniques. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
31
|
Ho HP, Lee RJ, Lee MR. Purge-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for determination of chlorophenols in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1213:245-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
32
|
Bagheri H, Khalilian F, Ahangar LE. Liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction followed by HPLC with UV detection for quantitation of ephedrine in urine. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:3212-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
33
|
Ouyang G, Pawliszyn J. A critical review in calibration methods for solid-phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 627:184-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2008] [Revised: 08/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
34
|
Rocha C, Pappas EA, Huang CH. Determination of trace triazine and chloroacetamide herbicides in tile-fed drainage ditch water using solid-phase microextraction coupled with GC-MS. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2008; 152:239-44. [PMID: 17629381 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2007.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Revised: 04/06/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) was used to analyze two triazine (atrazine and simazine) and three chloroacetamide herbicides (acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor) in water samples from a midwest US agricultural drainage ditch for two growing seasons. The effects of salt concentration, sample volume, extraction time, and injection time on extraction efficiency using a 100-mum polydimethylsiloxane-coated fiber were investigated. By optimizing these parameters, ditch water detection limits of 0.5 microgL(-1) simazine and 0.25 microgL(-1) atrazine, acetochlor, alachlor, and metolachlor were achieved. The optimum salt concentration was found to be 83% NaCl, while sample volume (10 or 20 mL) negligibly affected analyte peak areas. The optimum extraction time was 40 min, and the optimum injection time was 15 min. Results indicated that atrazine levels in the ditch water exceeded the US maximum contaminant level for drinking water 12% of the time, and atrazine was the most frequently detected among studied analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cleonice Rocha
- Catholic University of Goiás, Av. Universitária, 1440 S. Universitário, Cx, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Santana Rodríguez JJ, Sosa Ferrera Z, Vega Moreno D, Torres Padrón ME, Mahugo Santana C. Recent trends in the use of organized molecular systems combined with chromatographic techniques in environmental analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:725-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
36
|
CHAI M, TAN G, LAL A. Optimization of Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction for the Determination of Pesticide Residues in Vegetables and Fruits. ANAL SCI 2008; 24:273-6. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meekin CHAI
- Department of Science and Mathematics, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga
| | - Guanhuat TAN
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya
| | - Asha LAL
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zhou Y, Jiang Q, Peng Q, Xuan D, Qu W. Development of a solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of pentachlorophenol in human plasma using experimental design. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 70:256-62. [PMID: 17662334 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A new method, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with in situ derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), which was used for the determination of trace amount of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in human plasma was presented. The acetylation derivatization reaction was firstly optimized using a Doehlert design. Then a series of parameters relevant to the headspace SPME procedure, including fiber coating, extraction temperature, extraction time and salt addition, were optimized using a two-level full factorial design expanded further to a central composite design. The validation of method showed that the optimized method had good linearity (R(2)=0.999) within the concentration ranges 0.1-50.0ngml(-1), and was sensitive with the limit of detection of 0.02ngml(-1). Intra- and inter-day precision for pentachlorophenol in human plasma samples were not greater than 11.9% and 12.6%, respectively. The proposed method, to our knowledge, describes the first application of HS-SPME with GC-MS for analysis of PCP in blood plasma sample. Application of the method to real human plasma samples, PCP was successfully detected in some cases at concentration levels 1.2-6.3ngml(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pavlović DM, Babić S, Horvat AJ, Kaštelan-Macan M. Sample preparation in analysis of pharmaceuticals. Trends Analyt Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
39
|
Fang L, Kulkarni S, Alhooshani K, Malik A. Germania-Based, Sol−Gel Hybrid Organic−Inorganic Coatings for Capillary Microextraction and Gas Chromatography. Anal Chem 2007; 79:9441-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ac071056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250
| | - Sameer Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250
| | - Khalid Alhooshani
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, CHE 205, Tampa, Florida 33620-5250
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hernández F, Portolés T, Pitarch E, López FJ. Target and Nontarget Screening of Organic Micropollutants in Water by Solid-Phase Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatography/High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2007; 79:9494-504. [DOI: 10.1021/ac071551b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Tania Portolés
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Elena Pitarch
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Francisco J. López
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xiao Q, Hu B, Duan J, He M, Zu W. Analysis of PBDEs in soil, dust, spiked lake water, and human serum samples by hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction combined with GC-ICP-MS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2007; 18:1740-8. [PMID: 17702599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel method for the analysis of four polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environmental and human serum samples based on hollow fiber-liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) followed by gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (GC-ICP-MS) detection has been developed. The organic solvent in the porous hollow fiber was first dipped into the sample for extraction at a given time, and the retracted organic phase was introduced into the GC-ICP-MS for analysis. The addition of methanol has a strong effect on the HF-LPME extraction efficiency. Other significant parameters affecting the extraction efficiency of HF-LPME were also studied. HF-LPME was effective to isolate the analytes from the complex matrix. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of the proposed method varied from 15.2 to 40.5 ng/L. In general, the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 10%. Good linearity was obtained with the correlation coefficients all better than 0.999. The proposed method is simple, quick, few microliters of organic solvent required, and is especially suitable for the analysis of the real sample with small amount available. The overall process of HF-LPME with GC-ICP-MS was applied successfully for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environmental and spiked human serum samples, and the results were satisfactory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lambropoulou DA, Konstantinou IK, Albanis TA. Recent developments in headspace microextraction techniques for the analysis of environmental contaminants in different matrices. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1152:70-96. [PMID: 17379234 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Revised: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Headspace microextraction procedures such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and single drop microextraction (SDME) or liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) are increasingly used for the extraction of environmental organic pollutants from a variety of aqueous, viscous, semisolid and solid environmental and biological matrices. In this article, recent analytical applications of these methodologies when used as an isolation and trace enrichment step prior to the analysis of organic pollutants (pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated compounds, organotin compounds, phenolic derivatives, aromatic amines, phthalates, etc.) by gas and liquid chromatography are reviewed. The applicability and inherent limitations of headspace microextraction are also discussed. The future direction of research in this field and general trends toward commercial applications are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang C, Qi M, Shao Q, Zhou S, Fu R. Analysis of the volatile compounds in Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. using HS-SPME–GC-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2007; 44:464-70. [PMID: 17306492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is described for the analysis of volatile compounds in the dry rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Three types of SPME fibers including PDMS, PDMS-DVB and DVB-CAR-PDMS were investigated and the best extraction was achieved with the mixed fiber DVB-CAR-PDMS. Parameters for HS-SPME in terms of temperature and time, sample amount and particle size, and desorption time were also investigated. A polar capillary column was used for the chromatographic separation. As a result, 73 compounds were determined and identified by the HS-SPME-GC-MS method with at least 20 more compounds than those in the methods available. Comparison was made between HS-SPME-GC-MS and steam distillation (SD)-GC-MS methods. Using much less sample amount, shorter extraction time and simpler procedure, HS-SPME method can achieve similar results with those by SD. In conclusion, the present method is simple, rapid and effective and can be used for the analysis of volatile compounds in medicinal plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xu X, Yang H, Wang L, Han B, Wang X, Lee FSC. Analysis of chloroacetanilide herbicides in water samples by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 591:87-96. [PMID: 17456428 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2006] [Revised: 03/18/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method has been developed for the determination of 3 chloroacetanilide herbicides in both fresh and seawater samples. The extracted sample was analyzed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC-MS), and parameters affecting SPME operation including fibre type, sample pH, sample temperature, mixing speed and extraction time have been evaluated and optimized. The amount of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the salt content both affected SPME extraction efficiency, but the presence of other competitive extractants such as organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the matrix showed no insignificance interference. The limit of detection (LOD) for acetochlor, metolachlor and butachlor were 1.2, 1.6 and 2.7 ng L(-1), respectively. The recoveries for the herbicides ranged from 79 to 102%, and the linear dynamic range was from 10 to 1000 ng L(-1). The developed method has been used to monitor herbicides contaminations in coastal water samples collected around Laizhou bay and Jiaozhou bay in Shandong peninsula, China. The concentrations of acetochlor and metolachlor ranged from undetectable to 78.5 ng L(-1) and undetectable to 35.6 ng L(-1), respectively. Butachlor was not observed but in only one sample and the concentration is lower than the limit of quantification (LOQ). The concentrations of the three herbicides in this study are low compared to most of the other places reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and the Key Laboratory of Analytical Science of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lambropoulou DA, Albanis TA. Liquid-phase micro-extraction techniques in pesticide residue analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:195-228. [PMID: 17161462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbbm.2006.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Modern trends in analytical chemistry are towards the simplification and miniaturization of sample preparation, as well as the minimization of organic solvent used. In view of this aspect, several novel micro-extraction techniques are being developed in order to reduce the analysis step, increase the sample throughput and to improve the quality and the sensitivity of analytical methods. One of the emerging techniques in this area is liquid-phase micro-extraction (LPME). It is a miniaturized implementation of conventional liquid/liquid extraction (LLE) in which only microliters of solvents are used instead of several hundred milliliters in LLE. It is quick, inexpensive and can be automated. In the last few years, LPME has been combined with liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE), besides the generally used coupling to gas chromatography (GC), and has been applied to various matrices, including biological, environmental, and food samples. This work is aimed at providing an overview of the major developments of LPME, coupled with chromatography and CE, as reported in the literature. The paper will focus on the application of the technique to different matrices and the aim is to reveal the panorama of opportunities and to try to indicate the potential of LPME in pesticide analysis. A critical review of the first applications to pesticide analyses is presented in the main part of the manuscript. The optimization of LPME as well as advantages and disadvantages are discussed. It is concluded that, because of its high pre-concentration factor, LPME can be introduced with benefit into water analysis for several pesticide groups. In particular, the application of LPME to non-polar pesticides in environmental analysis appears to be promising. However, similar to other micro-extraction techniques, such as solid phase micro-extraction (SPME), serious limitations still remain when analyzing semi-solid and solid environmental, food or biological matrices and/or highly polar compounds. Thus, other pre-concentration techniques may be a good alternative if an analytical problem cannot be sufficiently dealt with LPME.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
|
47
|
Vega Moreno D, Sosa Ferrera Z, Santana Rodríguez JJ. Sample extraction method combining micellar extraction-SPME and HPLC for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in agricultural soils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:7747-52. [PMID: 17002448 DOI: 10.1021/jf0614544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A method for the determination of organochlorine pesticides in soil samples combining microwave assisted micellar extraction (MAME) with solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and high-performance liquid chromatography-UV has been developed. A mixture of two nonionic surfactants (polyoxyethylene 10 lauryl ether and polyoxyethylene 10 stearyl ether) was used for the extraction of pesticides from agricultural soils, and different types of SPME fibers were compared. The different parameters which affect extraction efficiency in the SPME procedure were optimized such as extraction time and temperature. The method developed involves extraction and preconcentration for the target analytes in soil samples. The analytical parameters were also studied and good recoveries obtained, RSD being lower than 10% and detection limits ranging between 36 and 164 ng g(-1) for the pesticides studied. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of some organochlorine pesticides in several kinds of agricultural soil samples with different characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Vega Moreno
- Department of Chemistry, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Polati S, Bottaro M, Frascarolo P, Gosetti F, Gianotti V, Gennaro MC. HPLC-UV and HPLC-MSn multiresidue determination of amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, thifensulfuron methyl, tribenuron methyl and azoxystrobin in surface waters. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 579:146-51. [PMID: 17723738 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents a new HPLC method, with UV and MS(n) detection, for the determination of seven pesticides, including the sulfonylurea herbicides amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, thifensulfuron methyl, tribenuron methyl, and the fungicide azoxystrobin characterised by a methoxyacrilate structure. The methodology consists of a preconcentration/SPE (solid phase extraction) step and HPLC-UV (240 nm detection wavelength)-MS(n) analysis. Under the optimised conditions and after a 1000/1 preconcentration factor, the limits of detection were lower than 14.5 ng L(-1) for UV detection and lower than 8.1 ng L(-1) for MS detection. The limits of quantification were lower than 48.3 ng L(-1) in UV detection and than 26.9 ng L(-1) in MS(n) detection. The analysis of two samples, spiked with a mixture of the pesticides at threshold level concentrations, gave more than 60% recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Polati
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Via Bellini 25/G, 15100 Alessandria, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bruzzoniti MC, Sarzanini C, Costantino G, Fungi M. Determination of herbicides by solid phase extraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in drinking waters. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 578:241-9. [PMID: 17723718 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A solid phase extraction (SPE) method has been optimized for the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) simultaneous determination of herbicides belonging to the following different families: carbamate (molinate), atrazines (atrazine, propazine, simazine, ametryne, cyanazine, terbutylazine, deethylterbutylazine, deethylatrazine), dinitroaniline (trifluralin, pendimethalin), chloroacetamide (alachlor, metolachlor). Different solid substrates have been compared (C18, cyano, styrene-divinylbenzene, phenyl, graphitic carbon). The type of conditioning and elution solvent, its volume, and the sample flow rate have been considered as variables affecting the recovery yields of the herbicides. The optimized experimental conditions are C18 phase conditioned with 3 mL acetone, loaded with 1L water sample at 5 mL min(-1), and eluted with 3 mL acetone. Good recoveries (included between 79% and 99%) and R.S.D. (included between 2% and 12%) have been obtained for all analytes, except for deethylatrazine whose recovery was 46+/-7%. The recovery of deethylatrazine increases up to 94+/-17% if a non-porous graphitic carbon is coupled to the C18 phase, keeping the other parameters constant as optimized. The optimized method has been successfully checked for the identification and quantitation of the selected herbicides in raw and drinking water samples, with quantitation limits as low as 0.01 microg L(-1), fully in agreement with the current legislation. The method is easily routinable. After development, the method is currently routinely applied for the analysis of herbicides in waters and, up today, more than one thousand samples have been analysed at the "Laboratorio della Società Metropolitana Acque di Torino" (Laboratory of the Municipal Waterworks of Turin) in charge of the control of drinking water quality in Torino.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Bruzzoniti
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cantú MD, Toso DR, Lacerda CA, Lanças FM, Carrilho E, Queiroz MEC. Optimization of solid-phase microextraction procedures for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants in plasma samples by liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:256-63. [PMID: 16896629 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0629-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Simple, sensitive, and reproducible off-line solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatography (SPME/LC) methods are described for the determination of seven anticonvulsants and tricyclic antidepressants in human plasma. Factorial design and simplex methodology were applied in the optimization of the SPME procedure for tricyclic antidepressants analyses. Important factors in the SPME efficiency are discussed, such as the fiber coatings (both lab-made and commercial), extraction time, pH, ionic strength, influence of plasma proteins, and desorption conditions. The development of the lab-made fiber coatings, namely, octadecylsilane, aminosilane, and polyurethane, are further described and applied to anticonvulsants analyses. The investigated plasmatic range for the evaluated anticonvulsants, using CW-TPR fiber, were the following: phenylethylmalonamide (3.00-40.0 microg mL(-1)), phenobarbital (5.00-40.0 microg mL(-1)), primidone (3.00-40.0 microg mL(-1)), carbamazepine and carbamazepine-epoxide (2.00-24.0 microg mL(-1)), phenytoin (2.00-40.0 microg mL(-1)), and lamotrigine (0.50-12.0 microg mL(-1)). The antidepressants' linear plasmatic concentration ranged from 75.0 to 500 ng mL(-1) for imipramine, amitriptyline, and desipramine, and from 50.0 to 500 ng mL(-1) for nortriptyline, being in all cases, the limit of quantification represented by the lowest value. The precision (interassays) for all investigated drugs in plasma sample spiked with different concentrations of each analyte and submitted to the described procedures were lower than 15%. The off-line SPME/LC methodologies developed allow anticonvulsants and antidepressants analyses from therapeutic to toxic levels for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Delmar Cantú
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Trabalhador São Carlense Avenue, 400-CEP: 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|