1
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Manetto S, Mazzoccanti G, Mileo V, Moretti E, Villani C, Gasparrini F. A comprehensive study to reveal the potential of a more sustainable ultra-high performance enantioselective reversed-phase chromatography on Pirkle-type stationary phase, with Whelk-O1 as a case study. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464177. [PMID: 37419020 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to make enantioselective chromatography more sustainable, more sensitive, and compatible with aqueous formulations analysis and ESI-MS. To achieve this, we examined the effects of transitioning from normal-phase chromatography (which uses hydrocarbon-based solvents) to reversed-phase chromatography (using mobile phases based on water) using broad-spectrum Whelk-O1 columns as a critical study. For the first time, we holistically compared the thermodynamics and kinetics of the two elution modes in order to answer the question of whether same-column chemistry can effectively separate the compounds even in reversed-phase mode and found, unexpectedly, that reversed-phase chromatography using acetonitrile as the organic modifier was competitive from a kinetic standpoint. We also evaluated the effectiveness of three organic modifiers simultaneously on a sample of 11 molecules already resolved in NP conditions with different resolutions and achieved a resolution value of 1.5 for 91% and a resolution value of 2 for 82% of cases. Finally, we separated three racemates (within a k factor of 9) using only 480 µL of solvent per chromatographic run on a millibore column of 1 mm I.D., demonstrating that our approach allows for greener chromatographic separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Manetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma (Italy).
| | - G Mazzoccanti
- Preclinical Analytics and Early Formulations Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici Spa, Largo Belloli, 43123 Parma (Italy)
| | - V Mileo
- Preclinical Analytics and Early Formulations Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici Spa, Largo Belloli, 43123 Parma (Italy)
| | - E Moretti
- Preclinical Analytics and Early Formulations Department, Chiesi Farmaceutici Spa, Largo Belloli, 43123 Parma (Italy)
| | - C Villani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma (Italy)
| | - F Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma (Italy).
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2
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A perspective on enantioselective chromatography by comparing ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography and normal-phase liquid chromatography through the use of a Pirkle-type stationary phase. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Phyo YZ, Teixeira J, Gonçalves R, Palmeira A, Tiritan ME, Bousbaa H, Pinto MMM, Fernandes C, Kijjoa A. Chiral derivatives of xanthones and benzophenones: Synthesis, enantioseparation, molecular docking, and tumor cell growth inhibition studies. Chirality 2021; 33:153-166. [PMID: 33448056 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye' Zaw Phyo
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Joana Teixeira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Gonçalves
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Matosinhos, Portugal
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4
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Improved Achiral and Chiral HPLC-UV Analysis of Ruxolitinib in Two Different Drug Formulations. SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/separations7030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, two new reversed-phase (RP) HPLC-UV methods enabling the quantitative achiral and chiral analysis of ruxolitinib in commercial tablets (containing 20 mg of active pharmaceutical ingredient, API) and not commercially available galenic capsules (with 5 mg of API) are described. For the achiral method based on the use of a water/acetonitrile [70:30, v/v; with 0.1% (v) formic acid] eluent, a “research validation” study was performed mostly following the “International Council for Harmonization” guidelines. All the system suitability parameters were within the acceptance criteria: tailing factor, between 1.7 and 2.0; retention factor, 2.2; number of theoretical plates, >9000. The linearity curve showed R2 = 0.99 (Rxv2 = 0.99), while trueness (expressed as recovery) was between 96.3 and 106.3%. Coefficient of variations (CVs) (repeatability: CVw and intermediate precision: CVIP) did not exceed 1.3% and 2.9%, respectively. Moreover, the use of the enantiomeric Whelk-O1 chiral stationary phases operated under similar RP eluent conditions as for the achiral analyses, and the “inverted chirality columns approach (ICCA)” allowed us to establish that the enantiomeric purity of ruxolitinib is retained upon reformulation from tablets to capsules. The two developed methods can allow accurate determinations of ruxolitinib in drug formulations for medical use.
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5
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Ianni F, Cerra B, Shandiz ST, Michele AD, Saluti G, Galarini R, Gioiello A, Sardella R, Carotti A. Integrating experimental and computational techniques to study chromatographic enantioresolutions of chiral tetrahydroindazole derivatives. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1625:461310. [PMID: 32709352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With the selection of partially saturated 2H-indazoles as model compounds, we demonstrate the possibility to use Whelk-O1 chiral stationary phases (CSPs) to succeed in efficient small-scale preparative enantioseparations. Runs of three consecutive liquid chromatography injections (about 300 μg of racemate repeatedly injected in a 100 μL loop) produced groups of peaks without band contamination (α = 1.2 and RS = 2.57). With this procedure approximately 3.0 mg of each enantiomer, with enantiomeric excess ≥ 97% were obtained. Very profitably, the high volatility of n-hexane used as the sole eluent facilitated the solvent evaporation after the enantiomer recovery. High resolution mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that the chemical identity of the two enantiomers was preserved along the entire process. The ability of Whelk-O1 phases in enantioseparating structurally similar compounds was confirmed with the analysis of other two racemates. Moreover, the relevant chemoselectivity exhibited by the CSP towards the three racemates should allow to simultaneously optimizing the enantioselectivity of different analytes and perform small-scale enantioresolutions of different compounds during the same run. In this study, the integration of experimental off-line electronic circular dichroism analysis with ab initio time-dependent density-functional theory simulations facilitated the assignment of the absolute configuration of the single enantiomers, while a molecular dynamics protocol can be useful to make a priori predictions of the enantioseparation ability of CSP towards selected compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 - Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Cerra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 - Perugia, Italy
| | - Shiva Tali Shandiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 - Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli 1, 06123 - Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Saluti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via G. Salvemini, 1, 06126 - Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche "Togo Rosati", Via G. Salvemini, 1, 06126 - Perugia, Italy
| | - Antimo Gioiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 - Perugia, Italy
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 - Perugia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via Fabretti 48, 06123 - Perugia, Italy.
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6
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Application of the “inverted chirality columns approach” for the monitoring of asymmetric synthesis protocols. Talanta 2019; 203:147-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Teixeira J, Tiritan ME, Pinto MMM, Fernandes C. Chiral Stationary Phases for Liquid Chromatography: Recent Developments. Molecules 2019; 24:E865. [PMID: 30823495 PMCID: PMC6429359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The planning and development of new chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for liquid chromatography (LC) are considered as continuous and evolutionary issues since the introduction of the first CSP in 1938. The main objectives of the development strategies were to attempt the improvement of the chromatographic enantioresolution performance of the CSPs as well as enlarge their versatility and range of applications. Additionally, the transition to ultra-high-performance LC were underscored. The most recent strategies have comprised the introduction of new chiral selectors, the use of new materials as chromatographic supports or the reduction of its particle size, and the application of different synthetic approaches for preparation of CSPs. This review gathered the most recent developments associated to the different types of CSPs providing an overview of the relevant advances that are arising on LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Teixeira
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
- Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal.
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4050-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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8
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Sheykhi S, Mosca L, Durgala JM, Anzenbacher P. An indicator displacement assay recognizes enantiomers of chiral carboxylates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7183-7186. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Analyte chirality induces changes in fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sheykhi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences
- Bowling Green State University
- Bowling Green
- USA
| | - Lorenzo Mosca
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston
- USA
| | - Johnathon M. Durgala
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences
- Bowling Green State University
- Bowling Green
- USA
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences
- Bowling Green State University
- Bowling Green
- USA
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9
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Li LP, Peng HL, Ye BH. Chiral sensor for enantiomeric purity of amines, amino alcohols and amino esters based on bis-cyclometalated Ir(III) complex using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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10
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Li LP, Ye BH. Discrimination and Enantiomeric Excess Determination of Chiral Primary Amines Based on a Chiral-at-Metal Ir(III) Complex Using NMR Spectroscopy. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:10717-10723. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and
Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bao-Hui Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and
Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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11
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Fernandes C, Phyo YZ, Silva AS, Tiritan ME, Kijjoa A, Pinto MM. Chiral Stationary Phases Based on Small Molecules: An Update of the Last 17 Years. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2017.1326939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ye’ Zaw Phyo
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Silva
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena M.M. Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
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12
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Carraro ML, Palmeira A, Tiritan ME, Fernandes C, Pinto MMM. Resolution, determination of enantiomeric purity and chiral recognition mechanism of new xanthone derivatives on (S,S)-whelk-O1 stationary phase. Chirality 2017; 29:247-256. [PMID: 28439971 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The enantioresolution and determination of the enantiomeric purity of 32 new xanthone derivatives, synthesized in enantiomerically pure form, were investigated on (S,S)-Whelk-O1 chiral stationary phase (CSP). Enantioselectivity and resolution (α and RS ) with values ranging from 1.41-6.25 and from 1.29-17.20, respectively, were achieved. The elution was in polar organic mode with acetonitrile/methanol (50:50 v/v) as mobile phase and, generally, the (R)-enantiomer was the first to elute. The enantiomeric excess (ee) for all synthesized xanthone derivatives was higher than 99%. All the enantiomeric pairs were enantioseparated, even those without an aromatic moiety linked to the stereogenic center. Computational studies for molecular docking were carried out to perform a qualitative analysis of the enantioresolution and to explore the chiral recognition mechanisms. The in silico results were consistent with the chromatographic parameters and elution orders. The interactions between the CSP and the xanthone derivatives involved in the chromatographic enantioseparation were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Carraro
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria E Tiritan
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal.,CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), Gandra, Portugal
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
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13
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Enantioseparation of Chiral Sulfoxides on Amylose-Based Columns: Comparison of Normal Phase Liquid Chromatography and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Hamper BC, Mannino MP, Mueller ME, Harrison LT, Spilling CD. Enantioseparation of α-Hydroxyallylphosphonates and Phosphonoallylic Carbonate Derivatives on Chiral Stationary Phases Using Sequential UV, Polarimetric, and Refractive Index Detection. Chirality 2016; 28:656-62. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce C. Hamper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis; Missouri USA
| | - Michael P. Mannino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis; Missouri USA
| | - Melissa E. Mueller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis; Missouri USA
| | - Liam T. Harrison
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis; Missouri USA
| | - Christopher D. Spilling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis; Missouri USA
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15
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Akdeniz A, Minami T, Watanabe S, Yokoyama M, Ema T, Anzenbacher P. Determination of enantiomeric excess of carboxylates by fluorescent macrocyclic sensors. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2016-2022. [PMID: 29899926 PMCID: PMC5968554 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04235f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral fluorescent chemosensors featuring macrocycles comprising BINOL auxiliary and an array of hydrogen bond donors were synthesized. To enhance fluorescence of the chemosensors, conjugated moieties were attached to the 3,3'-positions of the BINOL auxiliary. The resulting chemosensors recognize a number of carboxylates, namely, enantiomers of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, 2-phenylpropanoate, mandelate, and phenylalanine in a stereoselective fashion. Depending on the structure of the chemosensor, the presence of carboxylate yields fluorescence quenching or amplification. This information-rich signal can be used to determine the identity of the analyte including the sense of chirality. Quantitative experiments were performed aimed at analysis of enantiomeric excess of chiral carboxylates. The quantitative analysis of enantiomeric composition of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and phenylalanine shows that the sensors correctly identify mixtures with varying enantiomeric excess and correctly predict the enantiomeric excess of unknown samples with error of prediction <1.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akdeniz
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , USA .
| | - Tsuyoshi Minami
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , USA .
| | - Sagiri Watanabe
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , Tsushima , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan .
| | - Maki Yokoyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , Tsushima , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan .
| | - Tadashi Ema
- Division of Applied Chemistry , Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology , Okayama University , Tsushima , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan .
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Photochemical Sciences , Bowling Green State University , Bowling Green , Ohio 43403 , USA .
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16
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Sciascera L, Ismail O, Ciogli A, Kotoni D, Cavazzini A, Botta L, Szczerba T, Kocergin J, Villani C, Gasparrini F. Expanding the potential of chiral chromatography for high-throughput screening of large compound libraries by means of sub–2μm Whelk-O 1 stationary phase in supercritical fluid conditions. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1383:160-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Stereoselective high-performance liquid chromatography and analytical method characterization of evacetrapib using a brush-type chiral stationary phase: A challenging isomeric separation requiring a unique eluent system. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1363:183-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Jo HH, Lin CY, Anslyn EV. Rapid optical methods for enantiomeric excess analysis: from enantioselective indicator displacement assays to exciton-coupled circular dichroism. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2212-21. [PMID: 24892802 DOI: 10.1021/ar500147x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONSPECTUS: The advent of high-throughput screening (HTS) for chiral catalysts has encouraged the development of fast methods for determining enantiomeric excess (ee). Traditionally, chromatographic methods such as chiral HPLC have been used for ee determination in HTS. These methods, however, are not optimal because of high duty cycle. Their long analysis time results in a bottleneck in the HTS process. A more ideal method for HTS that requires less analysis time such as chiroptical methods are thus of interest. In this Account, we summarize our efforts to develop host-guest systems for ee determination. The first part includes our enantioselective indicator displacement assays (eIDAs), and the second part focuses on our circular dichroism based host-guest systems. Our first eIDA utilizes chiral boronic acid receptors, along with prescreened indicators, to determine ee for chiral α-hydroxyacids and vicinal diols with ±7% average error (AE). To further the practicality for this system, a HTS protocol was developed. Our second eIDA uses diamino chiral ligands and Cu(II) as the receptor for the ee determination of α-amino acids. The system reported ±12% AE, and a HTS protocol was developed for this system. Our first CD based host-guest system uses metal complexes composed of Cu(I) or Pd(II) with enantiopure 2,2'-diphenylphosphino-1,1'-binaphthyl (BINAP) as host to determine the ee of chiral vicinal diamines (±4% AE), primary amines (±17% AE), and cyclohexanones (±7% AE). Primary amines and cyclohexanones were derivatized to form chiral imines or chiral hydrazones to allow coordination with the metal complex. Upon coordination of chiral analytes, the metal-to-ligand (BINAP) charge transfer band was modulated, thus allowing the discrimination of chiral analytes. As an effort to improve the accuracy for chiral primary amine ee determination, a system with a host composed of o-formylphenyl boronic acid (FPBA) and enantiopure 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) was used to reduce the AE to ±5.8%. In the presence of amines, the FPBA-BINOL host forms an imine-coordinated boronic ester, thus affecting the CD signal of the boron complex. Another chiral primary amine ee determination system was developed with Fe(II) and 3-hydroxy-2-pyridinecarbaldehyde. The chiral imines, formed by the pyridinecarbaldehyde and chiral amines, would coordinate to the Fe(II) ion yielding exciton-coupled circular dichroism (ECCD) active metal complexes. This system was able to determine the ee of chiral amines with ±5% AE. Furthermore, this imine-Fe(II) complex system also successfully determined the ee of α-chiral aldehydes with ±5% AE. Other ECCD based hosts were subsequently developed; one with bisquinolylpyridylamine and Cu(II) for chiral carboxylates and amino acids and another multicomponent system with pyridine chromophores for chiral secondary alcohol ee determination. Both of the systems were able to determine ee of the chiral analytes with ±3% AE. Overall, our group has developed ee determining host-guest systems that target various functionalities. To date, we are able to determine the ee of vicinal diols, α-hydroxyacids, vicinal diamines, cyclohexanones, amines, α-chiral aldehydes, carboxylates, amino acids, and secondary alcohols with ±7% or lower average error. Future development will involve improving the average error and employing the current systems to analyze real-life samples resulting from parallel syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hwa Jo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chung-Yon Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Enantiodifferentiation of multifunctional tertiary alcohols by NMR spectroscopy with a Whelk-O type chiral solvating agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Fernandes C, Palmeira A, Santos A, Tiritan ME, Afonso C, Pinto MM. Enantioresolution of chiral derivatives of xanthones on (S,S)-Whelk-O1 and L-phenylglycine stationary phases and chiral recognition mechanism by docking approach for (S,S)-Whelk-O1. Chirality 2012; 25:89-100. [PMID: 23229954 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The resolution of seven enantiomeric pairs of chiral derivatives of xanthones (CDXs) on (S,S)-Whelk-O1 and L-phenylglycine chiral stationary phases (CSPs) was systematically investigated using multimodal elution conditions (normal-phase, polar-organic, and reversed-phase). The (S,S)-Whelk-O1 CSP, under polar-organic conditions, demonstrated a very good power of resolution for the CDXs possessing an aromatic moiety linked to the stereogenic center with separation factor and resolution factor ranging from 1.91 to 7.55 and from 6.71 to 24.16, respectively. The chiral recognition mechanisms were also investigated for (S,S)-Whelk-O1 CSP by molecular docking technique. Data regarding the CSP-CDX molecular conformations and interactions were retrieved. These results were in accordance with the experimental chromatographic parameters regarding enantioselectivity and enantiomer elution order. The results of the present study fulfilled the initial objectives of enantioselective studies of CDXs and elucidation of intermolecular CSP-CDX interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fernandes
- Centro de Química Medicinal da, Universidade do Porto (CEQUIMED-UP), Porto, Portugal
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21
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Kotoni D, Ciogli A, D’Acquarica I, Kocergin J, Szczerba T, Ritchie H, Villani C, Gasparrini F. Enantioselective ultra-high and high performance liquid chromatography: A comparative study of columns based on the Whelk-O1 selector. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1269:226-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Kotoni D, Ciogli A, Molinaro C, D’Acquarica I, Kocergin J, Szczerba T, Ritchie H, Villani C, Gasparrini F. Introducing Enantioselective Ultrahigh-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (eUHPLC): Theoretical Inspections and Ultrafast Separations on a New Sub-2-μm Whelk-O1 Stationary Phase. Anal Chem 2012; 84:6805-13. [DOI: 10.1021/ac301335b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Kotoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma P. le Aldo Moro 5,
00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciogli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma P. le Aldo Moro 5,
00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Carmela Molinaro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma P. le Aldo Moro 5,
00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Ilaria D’Acquarica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma P. le Aldo Moro 5,
00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Jelena Kocergin
- Regis
Technologies, Inc., 8210
Austin Avenue, Morton Grove, Illinois 60053, United States
| | - Ted Szczerba
- Regis
Technologies, Inc., 8210
Austin Avenue, Morton Grove, Illinois 60053, United States
| | - Harald Ritchie
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Tudor
Road, Runcorn, WA7 1TA, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Villani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma P. le Aldo Moro 5,
00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie
del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma P. le Aldo Moro 5,
00185 Roma, Italy
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23
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Hirose K, Miura S, Senda Y, Tobe Y. Amplification of enantioselectivity and sensitivity based on non-linear response of molecular wire bearing pseudo-18-crown-6 to chiral amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6052-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Metola P, Anslyn EV, James TD, Bull SD. Circular dichroism of multi-component assemblies for chiral amine recognition and rapid ee determination. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00496d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Aguiar FA, de Gaitani CM, Borges KB. Capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of isradipine enantiomers: Stability studies and pharmaceutical formulation analysis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2673-82. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Simões RA, de Oliveira ARM, Bonato PS. Hollow fiber-based liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) of isradipine and its main metabolite followed by chiral HPLC analysis: application to an in vitro biotransformation study. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:2435-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Iwaniuk DP, Wolf C. A versatile and practical solvating agent for enantioselective recognition and NMR analysis of protected amines. J Org Chem 2011; 75:6724-7. [PMID: 20822120 DOI: 10.1021/jo101426a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-derived 1-naphthylethyl amide 3 is an attractive CSA for NMR analysis of protected amines. It is readily prepared in a single step and combines practical resolution of diastereomeric complexes due to signal sharpness and effective signal separation. Crystallographic analysis shows that 3 forms a chiral cleft that can selectively bind one enantiomer of a substrate through hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and CH/π interactions. The enantioselective complex formation causes strong upfield shifts in the (1)H NMR spectrum even in the presence of only 5 mol % of 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Iwaniuk
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, D C 20057, USA
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28
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Aneja R, Luthra PM, Ahuja S. High-performance liquid chromatography separation of enantiomers of mandelic acid and its analogs on a chiral stationary phase. Chirality 2010; 22:479-85. [PMID: 19743485 DOI: 10.1002/chir.20767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomers of mandelic acid and its analogs have been chromatographically separated on a chiral stationary phase (CSP) derived from 4-(3,5-dinitrobenzamido) tetrahydrophenanthrene. The rationale of separations of these compounds is discussed with respect to the method development for determining enantiomeric purity and possibility of obtaining enantiomerically pure materials by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The relationship of analyte structure to the extent of enantiomeric separation has been examined and separation factors (alpha) are presented for various groups of structurally related compounds. Chiral recognition models have been suggested to account for the observed separations. These models provide mechanistic insights into the chiral recognition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
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29
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The adsorption of Naproxen enantiomers on the chiral stationary phase ()-Whelk-O1 under reversed-phase conditions: The effect of mobile phase composition. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2871-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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On the enantioselectivity of the mass transfer kinetics and the adsorption equilibrium of Naproxen on the chiral stationary phase ()-Whelk-O1 under reversed-phase conditions. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1320-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Nieto S, Dragna JM, Anslyn EV. A facile circular dichroism protocol for rapid determination of enantiomeric excess and concentration of chiral primary amines. Chemistry 2010; 16:227-32. [PMID: 19946914 PMCID: PMC2982703 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for the rapid determination of the absolute configuration and enantiomeric excess (ee) of alpha-chiral primary amines with potential applications in asymmetric reaction discovery has been developed. The protocol requires derivatization of alpha-chiral primary amines through condensation with pyridine carboxaldehyde to quantitatively yield the corresponding imine. The Cu(I) complex with 2,2'-bis (diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-dinaphthyl (BINAP--Cu(I)) with the imine yields a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) band in the visible region of the circular dichroism (CD) spectrum upon binding. Diastereomeric host-guest complexes give CD signals of the same signs but different amplitudes, allowing for differentiation of enantiomers. Processing the primary optical data from the CD spectrum with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) allows for the determination of the absolute configuration and identification of the amines, and processing with a supervised multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (MLP-ANN) allows for the simultaneous determination of the ee and concentration. The primary optical data necessary to determine the ee of unknown samples is obtained in two minutes per sample. To demonstrate the utility of the protocol in asymmetric reaction discovery, the ee values and concentrations for an asymmetric metal-catalyzed reaction are determined. The potential of the application of this protocol in high-throughput screening (HTS) of ee is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nieto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Justin M. Dragna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at
Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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32
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Asnin L, Gritti F, Kaczmarski K, Guiochon G. Features of the adsorption of Naproxen on the chiral stationary phase (S,S)-Whelk-O1 under reversed-phase conditions. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:264-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Rational optimization of the Whelk-O1 chiral stationary phase using molecular dynamics simulations. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5968-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Wang S, Cann NM. A molecular dynamics study of chirality transfer from chiral surfaces to nearby solvent. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:244701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3152332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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35
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Nieto S, Lynch VM, Anslyn EV, Kim H, Chin J. Rapid enantiomeric excess and concentration determination using simple racemic metal complexes. Org Lett 2008; 10:5167-70. [PMID: 18939802 PMCID: PMC2749327 DOI: 10.1021/ol802085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Racemic-metal complexes were used to determine identity, enantiomeric excess, and concentration of chiral diamines using metal-to-ligand charge transfer bands in circular dichroism spectroscopy. It takes under just 2 min per sample to determine [G]t and %R with tolerable errors (19% and 4%, respectively). The simplicity of the achiral receptors employed confers to this technique great potential for high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Nieto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Eric V. Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jik Chin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
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36
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Ravikumar M, Narasimhanaidu M, Srinivasulu K, Raju TS, Reddy MRS, Swamy PY. Enantiomeric Separation of Docetaxel Starting Material by Chiral LC Using Amylose Based Stationary Phase. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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37
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Quasthoff S, Möckel C, Zieglgänsberger W, Schreibmayer W. Tolperisone: a typical representative of a class of centrally acting muscle relaxants with less sedative side effects. CNS Neurosci Ther 2008; 14:107-19. [PMID: 18482024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2008.00044.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolperisone, a piperidine derivative, is assigned to the group of centrally acting muscle relaxants and has been in clinical use now for decades. The review summarizes the known pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicology and side effects in humans and the clinical use of tolperisone. A future perspective for further exploration of this drug is given.
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38
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Zhao CF, Cann NM. Molecular Dynamics Study of Chiral Recognition for the Whelk-O1 Chiral Stationary Phase. Anal Chem 2008; 80:2426-38. [DOI: 10.1021/ac702126y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. F. Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - N. M. Cann
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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39
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Felix G, Berthod A. Part II: From Dermatologicals to Sensory Organ and Various Drugs. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/15422110701873007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Felix G, Berthod A. Commercial Chiral Stationary Phases for the Separations of Clinical Racemic Drugs. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/15422110701826997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Sanaie N, Haynes CA. A multiple chemical equilibria approach to modeling and interpreting the separation of amino acid enantiomers by chiral ligand-exchange chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1132:39-50. [PMID: 17002887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A model of chiral ligand-exchange chromatography (CLEC) is presented that combines the non-ideal equilibrium-dispersion equation for solute transport with equations describing all chemical equilibria within the column. The model connects elution band profiles to the time and space resolved formation of diastereomeric complexes in both the mobile and stationary phases, thereby providing insights into the overall separation mechanism. The stoichiometries and formation constants for all equilibrium complexes formed in the mobile phase are taken from standard thermodynamic databases and independent potentiometric titration experiments. Formation constants for complexes formed with the stationary phase ligand are determined from potentiometric titration data for a water-soluble analogue of the ligand. Together this set of pure thermodynamic parameters can be used to calculate the equilibrium composition of the system at any operating condition. The model includes a temperature-dependent pure-component parameter, determined by regression to a single elution band for the pure component, that corrects for subtle effects associated with immobilizing the ligand (i.e., the chiral selector) onto the stationary phase. Model performance is assessed through comparison with chromatograms for two hydrophobic amino acid racemates loaded on the Nucleosil Chiral-1 CLEC column. The model is also applied to a restricted optimization of column operating conditions to assess its predictive power. In both cases, model predictions compare well with experiment while also providing a molecular understanding of the separation process and its dependence on column operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshafarin Sanaie
- Michael Smith Laboratories and The Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2185 East Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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42
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Zhu L, Shabbir SH, Anslyn EV. Two Methods for the Determination of Enantiomeric Excess and Concentration of a Chiral Sample with a Single Spectroscopic Measurement. Chemistry 2006; 13:99-104. [PMID: 17066491 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The previously established enantioselective indicator-displacement assays (eIDAs) for the determination of concentration and enantiomeric excess (ee) require two spectroscopic measurements for each chiral sample. To further simplify the operation of eIDAs, we now introduce two innovative analytical methods, both of which utilize a dual-chamber quartz cuvette, which reduces the number of spectroscopic measurements from two to one. An attractive feature of this cuvette is that the concentration- and ee-dependent absorption data can be collected at the isosbestic points or transparent regions of the spectra recorded in each individual chamber, thereby reflecting optical changes that occur in the other chamber. Therefore, two independent equations, which are needed to solve the values of the two independent variables-concentration and ee-can be established with only a single spectroscopic measurement. The first method takes advantage of this feature in conjunction with a judicious choice of indicator/host combinations to generate concentration- and ee-dependent calibration curves. Our second method removes the requirement to measure equilibrium constants and molar absorptivities altogether through the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs). The most frequently used three-layer feed-forward network is generated, which relates the absorption data to concentration and ee of the samples by training with a back propagation procedure. Here, the data collection is not limited to the isosbestic points or transparent regions. Both approaches enabled accurate and rapid determination of concentration and ee of chiral samples. The technology removes the relative difficulty, which is the need for two separate measurements for concentration and ee respectively, of analyzing chiral samples compared to achiral samples. When implemented in a high-throughput format, this technology should greatly facilitate the discovery of asymmetric catalysts in the same way as conventional high-throughput screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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43
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Simplício AL, Matias P, Gilmer JF, Clancy JM. Chiral separation and identification of β-aminoketones of pharmacological interest by high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1120:89-93. [PMID: 16442551 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2005] [Revised: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 12/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the development and comparison of chiral methods of analysis for a series of pharmacologically active indane derivatives that have been studied in the context of the evaluation of a promising prodrug system for amines. The methods are intended for studying the differences in the pharmacokinetics of the optical isomers of these compounds. Capillary electrophoresis, using cyclodextrins as chiral selectors, and HPLC, using a Pirkle type stationary phase, were tested. Baseline separation was not achieved by HPLC, but good separations were obtained in less than 7 min, by capillary electrophoresis with phosphate buffers pH 2.5-3 using sulfated-beta-cyclodextrin or mixtures of neutral beta-cyclodextrins as chiral selectors.
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Chiral recognition in the solid state: crystallographically characterized diastereomeric co-crystals between a synthetic chiral selector (Whelk-O1) and a representative chiral analyte. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Chemiluminescence determination of indapamide using indapamide-imprinted polymer as recognition material. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kumar YR, Ramulu G, Vevakanand VV, Vaidyanathan G, Srinivas K, Kumar MK, Mukkanti K, Reddy MS, Venkatraman S, Suryanarayana MV. A validated chiral HPLC method for the enantiomeric separation of tolterodine tartarate. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 35:1279-85. [PMID: 15336373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2003] [Revised: 03/30/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
An isocratic chiral HPLC method was developed for the separation of tolterodine tartarate enantiomers. The mobile phase consists of n-hexane and isopropyl alcohol in the ratio of 980:20 (v/v) with 1 ml diethylamine and 0.6 ml trifluoroacetic acid. Chiralcel OD-H (250 mm x 4.6mm) column was used at constant room temperature. Flow rate was kept at 0.5 ml/min. This method is capable of detecting the S-isomer up to 0.1 microg/ml. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ravindra Kumar
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd., Bulk Actives Unit-III, IDA-Bollaram, Hyderabad 502325, AP, India
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Siouffi AM, Piras P, Roussel C. Some aspects of chiral separations in planar chromatography compared with HPLC. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2005. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.18.2005.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Vander Heyden Y, Mangelings D, Matthijs N, Perrin C. 18 Chiral separations. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(05)80062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Wang Z, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Fu Z. Flow-injection inhibition chemiluminescence determination of indapamide based on luminol–ferricyanide reaction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2004; 35:1-7. [PMID: 15030874 DOI: 10.1016/s0731-7085(03)00642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2003] [Revised: 11/06/2003] [Accepted: 11/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of indapamide coupled with flow-injection analysis (FIA) technique is developed in this paper. It is based on the inhibition effect of the studied drug on the chemiluminescence emission of luminol-potassium ferricyanide system. Under the optimum conditions, the decreased CL intensity is proportional with the concentration of indapamide in the range of 1 x 10(-8) to 1.0 x 10(-6) g ml(-1). The detection limit is 3.4 x 10(-9) g ml(-1) (3sigma). A complete analysis could be performed in 45 s including washing and sampling, giving a throughout of about 90 h(-1). The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) for 11 parallel measurements of 1.0 x 10(-7) g ml(-1) indapamide is 3.0%. The proposed method has been applied for the determination of indapamide in its pharmaceutical formulations. The results obtained compared well with those by an official method. The possible inhibition mechanism of indapamide on luminol-potassium ferricyanide CL system was discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Science Institute, Southwest China Normal University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Wang YS, Tai KT, Yen JH. Separation, bioactivity, and dissipation of enantiomers of the organophosphorus insecticide fenamiphos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2004; 57:346-353. [PMID: 15041257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2002] [Revised: 07/11/2003] [Accepted: 08/20/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Most chiral pesticides are used as racemates despite the fact that the pesticidal activity of the given pesticide is usually the result of the preferential reactivity of only one enantiomer while the other enantiomers may have toxic effects against other nontarget organisms. Accordingly, the enantiomer of fenamiphos, an organophosphorus pesticide, was separated by high-performance liquid chromatography with reverse phase and normal phase on a Pirkle model chiral stationary phase column. It was found that n-hexane/isopropanol (95/5) was the best solvent system for enantiomer resolution of fenamiphos. Chromatographic data including capacity factor (k'), separation factor (alpha), and resolution (Rs) are presented. Inhibitory activity to enzyme butyrylcholinesterase and toxicity to Daphnia of enantiomers and racemic insecticide fenamiphos were also studied. In the toxicity tests of Daphnia, the lethal concentration (LC50) of (+)-fenamiphos, (-)-fenamiphos, and racemate were 0.0016, 0.0061, and 0.0019 microg/mL, respectively. No significant difference of LC50 values between (+)-fenamiphos and racemate were found, but (-)-fenamiphos showed significantly lower toxicity to Daphnia. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) to the cholinesterase were 0.008, 0.15, and 0.46 microg/mL for (+)-fenamiphos, (-)-fenamiphos, and racemate, respectively. Both enantiomers and the racemate showed significant difference in inhibiting the cholinesterase. However, (+)-fenamiphos proved to be about 20 times more toxic to Daphnia and only about four times more inhibitory activity to butyrylcholinesterase than (-)-fenamiphos. The dissipation of (+)-fenamiphos, (-)-fenamiphos, and racemate in selected soils and natural water samples were also studied. The half-life (t(1/2)) of (+)-, (-)-, and racemate in soils showed no related to the soil texture, pH, or organic carbon content. By comparing the residues of (+)-, (-)-, and racemate in the water, it was found that (+)-fenamiphos was degraded faster than the others after 21 days. Briefly, (+)-fenamiphos is more toxic than (-)-fenamiphos to a nontarget organism (Daphnia), but the environmental persistence of the two compounds showed no significant difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yei-Shung Wang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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