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Lehotay SJ, Michlig N, Lightfield AR. Assessment of Test Portion Sizes after Sample Comminution with Liquid Nitrogen in an Improved High-Throughput Method for Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1468-1479. [PMID: 31945291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, sample processing of bulk commodities using an efficient one-step comminution procedure with liquid nitrogen (LN2) was devised and assessed in the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. LN2 was added to the fresh samples from a tank by opening a valve, and the standard food chopper was kept in a laboratory hood to reduce safety risks. Test portions of four replicates each of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 g were taken from eight fruits and vegetables (tomato, squash, broccoli, apple, grape, peach, green bean, and cucumber) individually comminuted with LN2. For comparison without comminution, similar test portions of a reconstituted freeze-dried certified reference material of pesticides in cucumber were also analyzed by the same method. More than 100 pesticides were monitored by both ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) and instrument top sample preparation (ITSP) + fast low-pressure gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LPGC-MS/MS). A new version of QuEChERS-based sample preparation was followed, in which 5 mL of 4:1 (v/v) acetonitrile/water per gram of sample is used for extraction and 200 μL of initial extract is quickly evaporated, reconstituted in water, and ultracentrifuged for UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. For ITSP+LPGC-MS/MS, another portion of the initial extract undergoes salt-out partitioning with 4:1 (w/w) anhydrous MgSO4/NaCl and the upper layer extract is transferred to an autosampler vial for automated cleanup and analysis in parallel. Quality control spikes were made during the comminution, extraction, cleanup, and analysis steps to isolate and estimate the individual and overall measurement uncertainties of the approach. The recommended test portion size is 2 g for routine monitoring by this approach, but results demonstrated that subsamples as low as 0.5 g typically gave overall biases and relative standard deviations of <10% for nearly all pesticides, commodities, and methods, which is 3-5% lower than previously evaluated sample processing and analytical methods. This approach can be used to improve data quality, laboratory efficiency, and sample throughput in routine monitoring programs for regulatory, risk assessment, and other purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Lehotay
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , 600 East Mermaid Lane , Wyndmoor , Pennsylvania 19038 , United States
| | - Nicolás Michlig
- Programa de Investigación y Análisis de Residuos y Contaminantes Químicos (PRINARC), Facultad de Ingeniería Química , Universidad Nacional del Litoral , Santiago del Estero 2654 , 3000 Santa Fe , Argentina
| | - Alan R Lightfield
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service , United States Department of Agriculture , 600 East Mermaid Lane , Wyndmoor , Pennsylvania 19038 , United States
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Muhammad N, Subhani Q, Wang F, Lou C, Liu J, Zhu Y. Simultaneous determination of two plant growth regulators in ten food samples using ion chromatography combined with QuEChERS extraction method (IC-QuEChERS) and coupled with fluorescence detector. Food Chem 2018; 241:308-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Marine algae extract attenuated osteoporosis in OVX mice, enhanced osteogenesis on human mesenchymal stem cells and promoted OPG expression. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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de Prá Urio R, Masini JC. Determination of Simazine and Atrazine in River Water by Cloud-Point Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1212203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Prá Urio
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Cesar Masini
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sviridov AV, Zelenkova NF, Vinokurova NG, Ermakova IT, Leontievsky AA. New approaches to identification and activity estimation of glyphosate degradation enzymes. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2011; 76:720-5. [PMID: 21639854 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911060149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new set of approaches, which allow identifying the primary enzymes of glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl-glycine) attack, measuring their activities, and quantitative analysis of glyphosate degradation in vivo and in vitro. Using the developed approach we show that glyphosate degradation can follow different pathways depending on physiological characteristics of metabolizing strains: in Ochrobactrum anthropi GPK3 the initial cleavage reaction is catalyzed by glyphosate-oxidoreductase with the formation of aminomethylphosphonic acid and glyoxylate, whereas Achromobacter sp. MPS12 utilize C-P lyase, forming sarcosine. The proposed methodology has several advantages as compared to others described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Sviridov
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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Park JH, Iqbal Rouf Mamun M, Abd El-Aty AM, Na TW, Choi JH, Ghafar MW, Kim KS, Kim SD, Shim JH. Development and validation of a multiresidue method for determination of 37 pesticides in soil using GC-NPD. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 25:1003-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shapovalova EN, Yaroslavtseva LN, Merkulova NL, Yashin AY, Shpigun OA. Separation of pesticides by high-performance liquid chromatography with amperometric detection. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934809020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zelenkova NF, Vinokurova NG. Determination of glyphosate and its biodegradation products by chromatographic methods. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193480809013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li T, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Chen D, Hu B, Blake DA, Liu F. Production of recombinant ScFv antibodies against methamidophos from a phage-display library of a hyperimmunized mouse. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:9085-91. [PMID: 17117794 DOI: 10.1021/jf0621267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A recombinant phage display library was generated using splenocyte mRNA isolated from a Balb/c mouse hyperimmunized with a hapten conjugate that mimicked the structure of methamidophos, one of the most acutely toxic organophosphate pesticides. Three recombinant single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies with the highest specificity for methamidophos, termed 28D4, 29D0, and 36B2, were produced via a stringent selection protocol. In a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the IC50 values for 28D4, 29D0, and 36B2 were 46.25, 35.39, and 17.99 ng/mL, respectively. The cross-reactivity of the three scFv antibodies with other organophosphate pesticides was below 0.1% except for acephate (O,S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate). Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences indicated that the respective heavy chains and light chains of the three scFvs were involved in the distinctive VDJ segment rearrangements associated with somatic hypermutations during the process of several immunizations with higher dosages of immunogen. Taken together, these data constitute the first detailed description of an immunoassay that utilizes scFvs against the methamidophos, an analyte with a simple structure and low molecular mass (141 Da).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Li
- Key Lab of Monitoring and Management of Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Wang J, Cheung W, Grant D. Determination of pesticides in apple-based infant foods using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:528-537. [PMID: 15686398 DOI: 10.1021/jf048413x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to quantify and confirm trace levels of 13 pesticides including aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone, oxamyl, methomyl, formetanate, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, carbendazim, thiabendazole, aldicarb, propoxur, carbofuran, carbaryl, and methiocarb in apple-based infant foods such as apple sauces, apples and strawberries, apples and blueberries, and apples and plums. Data acquisition under MS/MS was achieved by applying multiple reaction monitoring of two fragment ion transitions to provide a high degree of sensitivity and selectivity for both quantification and confirmation. LC/ESI-MS/MS quantitative results were significantly affected by matrices, and thus, the standard addition was employed to compensate for the matrix effects to achieve the best accuracy of the method. Recoveries of 13 pesticides, spiked at 5.0, 25.0, and 45.0 microg/kg, were around 100% using the LC/ESI-MS/MS standard addition. The method detection limits (S/N > or = 3:1) of 13 pesticides were less than 0.2 microg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Calgary Laboratory, 3650 36th Street N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2L 2L1
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Żwir-Ferenc A, Biziuk M. An Analysis of Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Biological Samples and Foods. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340490475894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ozhan G, Topuz S, Alpertunga B. A simple method for the determination of carbaryl and 1-naphthol in fruit juices by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection. J Food Prot 2003; 66:1510-3. [PMID: 12929849 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-66.8.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbaryl (Sevin) is a widely used N-methylcarbamate insecticide. In this study, a simple and sensitive reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography method with diode-array detection has been developed for the determination of low levels of carbaryl and its degradation products 1-naphthol in several kinds of canned pure fruit juice. The compounds were captured on a C18 cartridge. The analytes were separated on a C18 column using a linear gradient of 40 to 60% acetonitrile in water in a period of 20 min. The extraction recoveries of carbaryl and 1-naphthol were in the range 93.5 to 98.0% and 90.7 to 96.0% for fruit juice, respectively. The detection limit was below 0.8 ng/ml and the calibration curves showed good linearity between 0.9998 and 0.9999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Ozhan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34116, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hernández Torres ME, Egea González FJ, Cuadros-Rodríguez L, Almansa López E, Martínez Vidal JL. Assessment of matrix effects in gas chromatography electron capture pesticide-residue analysis. Chromatographia 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Blasco C, Font G, Picó Y. Comparison of microextraction procedures to determine pesticides in oranges by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2002; 970:201-12. [PMID: 12350094 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric method has been developed for the determination of bitertanol, carbendazim, fenthion, flusilazole, hexythiazox, imidacloprid, methidathion, methiocarb, pyriproxyfen and trichlorfon. Two procedures, based on stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), have been evaluated for the extraction of these compounds in oranges. Their respective advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. The recoveries obtained by MSPD ranged from 47 to 96% and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 1 to 15%, whereas with the SBSE method the recoveries were between 8 and 84% and the RSDs between 4 and 16%. Although, the limits of quantitation of most compounds are much better (0.001-0.05 mg kg(-1)) by SBSE, it is not suitable to determine some polar pesticides as carbendazim, imidacloprid and trichlorfon. Results obtained by both methods were compared, in terms of sensitivity and selectivity, with a classical ethyl acetate extraction method, and the three methods were applied to analyze real samples. As MSPD is easier to perform, faster than the organic solvent extraction, and shows equal accuracy and resolution, its application for analyzing pesticides in oranges is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blasco
- Laboratori de Bromatologia i Toxicologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
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Egea González FJ, HernándezTorres ME, Cuadros Rodríguez L, Almansa López E, Martínez Vidal JL. Estimation and correction of matrix effects in gas chromatographic pesticide multiresidue analytical methods with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. Analyst 2002; 127:1038-44. [PMID: 12195943 DOI: 10.1039/b201461k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of matrix effects in the quantification of organophosphorus pesticides in fruit and vegetables by GC-NPD, were studied applying ANCOVA. Calibration curves prepared in solvent were compared with calibration curves prepared in a blank matrix extract for eight different commodities, establishing whether the matrix induces systematic or proportional errors in the quantification of the pesticides. In such cases correction functions were obtained and validated by quantifying spiked samples using solvent calibrations and applying the correction functions to the data obtained. The results were compared with those obtained by quantification using matrix-matching calibrations and with those from 100% recovery experiments. It was found that the matrix effects can be avoided using the correction functions. Finally the contribution of the correction functions to the uncertainty of the results was estimated as well as their stability during a four month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Egea González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Hernández Torres ME, Egea González FJ, Castro Cano ML, Moreno Frías M, Martínez Vidal JL. Residues of methamidofos, malathion, and methiocarb in greenhouse crops. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:1172-1177. [PMID: 11853499 DOI: 10.1021/jf0108112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The diminution of methamidofos, malathion, and methiocarb in different crops grown in greenhouses has been studied, including the presence of metabolites such as malaoxon, methiocarb sulfoxide, and methiocarb sulfone. The analytical method is based on dichloromethane extraction and GC-PFPD analysis. It has been validated establishing performance parameters such as recovery rates, precision, linear ranges, and limits of detection and quantification, which are low enough for ensuring that their corresponding MLRs can be adequately quantified. Samples of treated cucumbers and peppers grown in greenhouses were collected and analyzed during a 15-day period for obtaining the diminution rates of methamidofos and malathion. The behavior of methiocarb in treated green beans and tomatoes has been studied using analysis of variance (ANOVA) as the statistical tool, for establishing the influence of crop, season, application dose, and greenhouse design.
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Ling YC, Teng HC, Cartwright C. Supercritical fluid extraction and clean-up of organochlorine pesticides in Chinese herbal medicine. J Chromatogr A 1999; 835:145-57. [PMID: 10220920 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)01077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A method involving the simultaneous extraction and clean-up of 13 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) was developed using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) followed by gas chromatography-electron capture detection and mass spectrometric confirmation. The pesticides in the study consisted of alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-benzene hexachloride, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan I, 4,4'-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene), dieldrin, endrin, 4,4'-DDD (1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane), endosulfan II, 4,4'-DDT (2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)1,1,1-trichloroethane), endrin aldehyde, and endosulfan sulfate. A series of experiments was conducted to optimize the final extraction conditions [pure CO2, 250 atm extraction pressure (1 atm = 101,325 Pa), 50 degrees C extraction temperature, 5 min static extraction time, 20 min dynamic extraction time, 2.0-g Florisil sorbent on top of 0.1-g samples, 12-ml n-hexane eluting at 1 ml/min, and a 10-ml extraction vessel]. Florisil sorbent was placed with the sample in the SFE vessel to provide a facile and effective clean-up approach. Mean recoveries of 78-121% with reproducibilities of 5-31% were obtained for the pesticides except for endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate and endrin aldehyde. The simple and rapid method may be used to determine OCPs in CHMs routinely, and in fact, was used to analyze CHMs sold in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Ling
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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