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Peritore AF, Franco GA, Molinari F, Arangia A, Interdonato L, Marino Y, Cuzzocrea S, Gugliandolo E, Britti D, Crupi R. Effect of Pesticide Vinclozolin Toxicity Exposure on Cardiac Oxidative Stress and Myocardial Damage. TOXICS 2023; 11:473. [PMID: 37368573 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Vinclozolin is a popular fungicide used in fruit, ornamental plants, and vegetable crops. It has recently been seen that prolonged exposure to VZN can cause human or animal health damage to various organs, but little is known to date about its cardiovascular effects. In this study, we addressed the chronic effects of VZN on the myocardium and the enzymes involved in the cardiovascular function. (2) Methods: The animals were divided into four groups: group 1 served as the control, group 2 received 1 mg/kg of VZN by gavage, group 3 received 30 mg/kg of VZN by gavage, and group 4 received 100 mg/kg of VZN by gavage, for 30 days. (3) Results: Results showed that 100 mg/kg VZN markedly increased the plasma concentration of cardiac markers (CK-MB, cTnT, ANP, BNP). Moreover, compared to the control group, VZN treatment decreased the activity of SOD, CAT, and GPx, and downregulated the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2. Furthermore, collagen deposition was amplified owing to 100 mg/kg VZN cardiotoxicity. This harmful effect was confirmed by a histological study using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Masson's trichrome staining. (4) Conclusion: Overall, our results proved the cardiotoxicity caused by chronic exposure to VZN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesco Molinari
- Department of of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Arangia
- Department of of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Livia Interdonato
- Department of of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ylenia Marino
- Department of of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Græcia University" of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "Salvatore Venuta" Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
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2
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Cloud point extraction coupled with ultrasonic-assisted back-extraction for the determination of metalaxyl, fludioxonil and fenarimol in fruits by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Dash SR, Bag SS, Golder AK. Carbon Dots Derived from Waste Psidium Guajava Leaves for Electrocatalytic Sensing of Chlorpyrifos. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Smruti Ranjan Dash
- Centre for the Environment Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 INDIA
| | - Subhendu Sekhar Bag
- Centre for the Environment Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 INDIA
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 INDIA
| | - Animes Kumar Golder
- Centre for the Environment Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 INDIA
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 INDIA
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4
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Rezaee M. Application of Polypyrrole/Fe3O4 Composite for the Extraction of Chlorpyrifos Using Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Fares NV, Hassan YA, Hussein LA, Ayad MF. Determination of fungicides' residues and their degradation kinetics in orange tree fruits using liquid chromatography – Tandem mass spectrometry coupled with QuEChERS method. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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6
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Deb N, Das S. Acetylcholine esterase and antioxidant responses in freshwater teleost, Channa punctata exposed to chlorpyrifos and urea. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108912. [PMID: 33059086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to understand the toxic effects of two crop protecting agents, organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and fertilizer, urea (U), and their binary mixtures at sublethal concentrations for 28-d in a freshwater fish Channa punctata with a battery of biochemical biomarkers in gill and liver. The study has practical value as such mixtures, so often present together in water in the agro-intensive areas, might be predicted to cause cocktail effects. Both CPF and U inhibited AChE, augmented SOD, CAT, GPx activities, and caused lipid peroxidation and depletion in tissue macromolecules in a concentration and duration-dependent manner. While U alone had less severe effects compared to CPF treatments, complex interactions were observed for three combination doses (1CPF + 1U, 2CPF + 1U, 1CPF + 2U). In their mutual effects, antagonism prevailed over other interactions when CPF and U were in equal proportion in the mixture, while synergism was observed for AchE and key antioxidant enzymes when more U was in the mixture. The present study concluded that urea in water bodies might impart adverse effects in combination with pesticides in non-target aquatic organisms such as fish, and there should be a restriction in its excessive usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobonita Deb
- Aquatic Toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Suchismita Das
- Aquatic Toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India.
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7
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He Y, Jiao X, Zhang T, Wang M, Khan M, Khan MR, She Y. Study on the dissipation pattern and risk assessment of metalaxyl-M in rice grains and paddy soil and water by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4245-4252. [PMID: 32939654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, field experiment trials were conducted at two different sites (Heilongjiang and Hubei Province) in China to determine the residual levels and dissipation kinetics of metalaxyl-M in rice grains, and paddy soil and water. A modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe "QuEChES" method coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed for determination of metalaxyl-M residual levels in different matrices. The method showed an excellent linear response (R2 > 0.99) over the concentration range of 0.01-0.50 mg kg-1 with satisfactory recovery rates in between 76.00 and 111.36%. The limits of quantification (LOQ) were estimated to be 0.010 mg kg-1 for all matrices. Half-lives of 0.27 to 10.83 days in rice plant, paddy soil, and water indicate that the analyte is easily degraded in the environment within a relatively short time. The terminal residues of metalaxyl-M in rice husks and rice grains were less than 0.05 mg kg-1. Dietary risk assessment showed that harvested rice treated with metalaxyl-M would not pose unreasonable risk to humans or the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui He
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing); Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xu Jiao
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Tangwei Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Majid Khan
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing); Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Rafiullah Khan
- Department of Packaging and Materials Technology, Faculty of Agro Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Zhao J, Meng Z, Zhao Z, Zhao L. Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent as green and efficient media combined with functionalized magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes as solid-phase extraction to determine pesticide residues in food products. Food Chem 2020; 310:125863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Kadirsoy S, Atar N, Yola ML. Molecularly imprinted QCM sensor based on delaminated MXene for chlorpyrifos detection and QCM sensor validation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00951b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CHL) is one of the most frequently used broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcen Kadirsoy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Radiological
- Iskenderun Technical University
- Nuclear (CBRN) Threats Management
- Hatay
- Turkey
| | - Necip Atar
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Pamukkale University
- Faculty of Engineering
- Denizli
- Turkey
| | - Mehmet Lütfi Yola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Iskenderun Technical University
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Hatay
- Turkey
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10
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Liang T, Chen L, Ma Y. Mesoporous structured molecularly imprinted polymer with restricted access function for highly selective extraction of chlorpyrifos from soil. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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11
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Rahimi Moghadam M, Zargar B, Rastegarzadeh S. Novel magnetic hollow zein nanoparticles for preconcentration of chlorpyrifos from water and soil samples prior to analysis via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Analyst 2018; 143:2174-2182. [PMID: 29667655 DOI: 10.1039/c7an01526g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, magnetically hollow zein nanoparticles were synthesized and used as a magnetic sorbent for the preconcentration of chlorpyrifos and its analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Morphology of the sorbent was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In this study, the effects of important parameters such as pH of the solution, adsorption and desorption time, type and volume of desorption solvent, and salt addition were investigated. Under optimized experimental conditions, the linear range was from 50 to 2000 μg mL-1, and an LOD of 25 μg L-1 was calculated. The relative standard deviations (RSD) varied from 3.8 to 5.1% (n = 5). The enrichment factors for 50 and 100 μg L-1 samples were calculated as 187 and 210, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied in soil and water samples and showed good extraction recoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Rahimi Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
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12
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Zhang H, Wang P, Zhou Q, Wang Y. A Novel Method for the Detection of Chlorpyrifos by Combining Quantum Dot-labeled Molecularly Imprinted Polymer with Flow Cytometry. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1364744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Risk Assessment of Environment Factors for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Shenyang, China
| | - Pingmei Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Risk Assessment of Environment Factors for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Applied Ecology, Shenyang, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Risk Assessment of Environment Factors for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Shenyang, China
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13
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Investigation of Voltammetric Behaviour of Insecticide Chlorpyrifos on a Mercury Meniscus Modified Silver Solid Amalgam Electrode. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Kumaravel A, Chandrasekaran M. Electrochemical Determination of Chlorpyrifos on a Nano-TiO₂Cellulose Acetate Composite Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6150-6156. [PMID: 26075585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and simple method of determination of chlorpyrifos is important in environmental monitoring and quality control. Electrochemical methods for the determination of pesticides are fast, sensitive, reproducible, and cost-effective. The key factor in electrochemical methods is the choice of suitable electrode materials. The electrode materials should have good stability, reproducibility, more sensitivity, and easy method of preparation. Mercury-based electrodes have been widely used for the determination of chlorpyrifos. From an environmental point of view mercury cannot be used. In this study a biocompatible nano-TiO2/cellulose acetate modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by a simple method and used for the electrochemical sensing of chlorpyrifos in aqueous methanolic solution. Electroanalytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and amperometry were used in this work. This electrode showed very good stability, reproducibility, and sensitivity. A well-defined peak was obtained for the reduction of chlorpyrifos in cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. A smooth noise-free current response was obtained in amperometric analysis. The peak current obtained was proportional to the concentration of chlorpyrifos and was used to determine the unknown concentration of chlorpyrifos in the samples. Analytical parameters such as LOD, LOQ, and linear range were estimated. Analysis of real samples was also carried out. The results were validated through HPLC. This composite electrode can be used as an alternative to mercury electrodes reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammasai Kumaravel
- §PSG Institute of Technology and Applied Research, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maruthai Chandrasekaran
- †CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CECRI), Karaikudi 630006, Tamil Nadu, India
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15
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Baša Česnik H, Velikonja Bolta Š, Lisjak K. Plant protection product residues in red grapes and Teran PTP wine. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2015; 8:113-22. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2014.1002816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Torrens F, Castellano G. Molecular classification of pesticides including persistent organic pollutants, phenylurea and sulphonylurea herbicides. Molecules 2014; 19:7388-414. [PMID: 24905607 PMCID: PMC6271575 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19067388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide residues in wine were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Retentions are modelled by structure–property relationships. Bioplastic evolution is an evolutionary perspective conjugating effect of acquired characters and evolutionary indeterminacy–morphological determination–natural selection principles; its application to design co-ordination index barely improves correlations. Fractal dimensions and partition coefficient differentiate pesticides. Classification algorithms are based on information entropy and its production. Pesticides allow a structural classification by nonplanarity, and number of O, S, N and Cl atoms and cycles; different behaviours depend on number of cycles. The novelty of the approach is that the structural parameters are related to retentions. Classification algorithms are based on information entropy. When applying procedures to moderate-sized sets, excessive results appear compatible with data suffering a combinatorial explosion. However, equipartition conjecture selects criterion resulting from classification between hierarchical trees. Information entropy permits classifying compounds agreeing with principal component analyses. Periodic classification shows that pesticides in the same group present similar properties; those also in equal period, maximum resemblance. The advantage of the classification is to predict the retentions for molecules not included in the categorization. Classification extends to phenyl/sulphonylureas and the application will be to predict their retentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Torrens
- Institut Universitari de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, Edifici d'Instituts de Paterna, P.O. Box 22085, E-46071 València, Spain.
| | - Gloria Castellano
- Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Guillem de Castro-94, E-46001 València, Spain.
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17
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Liu H, Liu D, Shen Z, Sun M, Zhou Z, Wang P. Chiral Separation and Enantioselective Degradation of Vinclozolin in Soils. Chirality 2014; 26:155-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Zhigang Shen
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Mingjing Sun
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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18
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Torrens F, Castellano G. QSPR prediction of chromatographic retention times of pesticides: partition and fractal indices. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2014; 49:400-407. [PMID: 24762177 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2014.894773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The high-performance liquid-chromatographic retentions of red-wine pesticide residues are modeled by structure-property relationships. The effect of different types of features is analyzed: geometric, lipophilic, etc. The properties are fractal dimensions, partition coefficient, etc., in linear and nonlinear correlation models. Biological plastic evolution is an evolutionary perspective conjugating the effect of acquired characters and relations that emerge among the principles of evolutionary indeterminacy, morphological determination and natural selection. It is applied to design the co-ordination index that is used to characterize pesticide retentions. The parameters used to calculate the co-ordination index are the molar formation enthalpy, molecular weight and surface area. The morphological and co-ordination indices barely improve the correlations. The fractal dimension averaged for non‑buried atoms, partition coefficient, etc. distinguishes the pesticide molecular structures. The structural and constituent classification is based on nonplanarity, and the number of cycles, and O, S, N and Cl atoms. Different behavior depends on the number of cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Torrens
- a Institut Universitari de Ciència Molecular , Universitat de València, Edifici d'Instituts de Paterna , València , Spain
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19
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Ivanova B, Spiteller M. A novel UV-MALDI-MS analytical approach for determination of halogenated phenyl-containing pesticides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 91:86-95. [PMID: 23453143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The paper highlighted the capability of the UV-MALDI mass spectrometry, employing the Orbitrap analyzer for solid-state assay of halogenated phenyl-pesticides in mixtures. It is successfully applied for the analysis of eighteen (1)-(18) molecular objects of Fenarimol (1) type and their condensation products (P5)-(P12). The full method and technique validation is performed using the dried droplet sample preparation technique on embedded analytes in novel organic matrix crystals of N-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-guanidine (M4) and (E)-phenyl-2-pyridyl ketone oxime (M5), resulting to successful ionization of the analytes. Since the sampling technique in the UV-MALDI method is a key step in the overall process impacting significantly the metrology through the reproducibility of the data, the crystallization of M4, M5 and matrix-analyte in situ morphology of the samples is controlled by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The achieved promising metrology of LODs, of 0.46ngkg(-1) (1.53ngkg(-1) LOQs), is several orders of magnitude lower than the reported ecotoxicological effect values of studied pesticides. It is confirmed by the partial validated protocol based on ESI-MS. Inasmuch that LC-MS/MS is a method of choice for foodstuffs monitoring of organic contaminations, due to its routine quantitative analytical procedures, it is often characterized with the difficulties of the chromatographic separation of the closely structured analytes at a large scale of experimental conditions, complex multi-step sampling pretreatments, which inevitably alert the variables through the systematic and random errors. In this respect, notwithstanding the complex quantitative UV-MALDI-Orbitrap-MS procedure, conceptually different from the LC-MS/MS one, its high resolving power, capability for achieving meaningful analytical qualitative, quantitative and structural information of low-molecular weight analytes, its instrumental and sampling operation flexibility, applicable for a large scale of foodstuff matrices, and operating at the analyte concentrations of up to fgg(-1) make UV-MALDI-Orbitrap-MS a perspective method of choice for an extensive implementation in the foodstuffs monitoring practice for control of the most essential task related to the assessment of the human health risks from environmental and foodstuff contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojidarka Ivanova
- Lehrstuhl für Analytische Chemie, Institut für Umweltforschung, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227 Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deutschland, Germany.
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Assessment of DFG-S19 method for the determination of common endocrine disruptor pesticides in wine samples with an estimation of the uncertainty of the analytical results. Food Chem 2013; 138:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Fan S, Zhang F, Deng K, Yu C, Liu S, Zhao P, Pan C. Spinach or amaranth contains highest residue of metalaxyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin on six leaf vegetables upon open field application. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2039-2044. [PMID: 23387923 DOI: 10.1021/jf304710u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To select representative leaf vegetables which may contain the highest residue, field experiments of metalaxyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin on six crops including pakchoi, rape, crown daisy, amaranth, spinach, and lettuce were designed and conducted. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatograph and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometer with multiple reaction monitoring was used to simultaneously determine metalaxyl and fluazifop-P-butyl residue in various samples, and a gas chromatograph with electron capture detector was used to detect chlorpyrifos and lambda-cyhalothrin. The limits of quantification (LOQ) of metalaxyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin were in the range of 0.001-0.01 mg kg(-1) for all samples, and the average recoveries of all pesticides ranged from 67.6 to 119.1% at spiked levels of 0.01-0.1 mg kg(-1). In supervised field trials, the half-lives of metalaxyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin were in the range of 1.11-3.79 days, 1.11-2.27 days, 1.13-5.17 days, and 1.77-6.24 days. It was also found that all pesticide residues in spinach and/or amaranth were higher than others after application. It is recommended that spinach or amaranth can be selected as a representative crop of leaf vegetables in studying systemic fungicide, insecticides, and herbicides with similarity as metalaxyl, fluazifop-P-butyl, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Fan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Almeida C, Nogueira JMF. Comparison of the selectivity of different sorbent phases for bar adsorptive microextraction--application to trace level analysis of fungicides in real matrices. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1265:7-16. [PMID: 23084822 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bar adsorptive micro-extraction combined with liquid desorption followed by large volume injection-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operating in the selected-ion monitoring acquisition mode (BAμE-LD/LVI-GC-MS(SIM)) was developed for the determination of trace levels of ten fungicides (azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, metalaxyl-M, myclobutanil, penconazole, tebuconazole, flusilazole, cyprodinil, procymidone and benalaxyl) in aqueous matrices. By comparing different sorbent coatings (two activated carbons, two styrene-divinylbenzene and one modified pyrrolidone polymers) through BAμE, the latter phase showed much higher selectivity and capacity offering multiple mechanisms of interaction, even against polydimethylsiloxane by stir bar sorptive extraction. Assays performed on 25 mL of water samples spiked at the 0.8 μg/L level, yielded recoveries ranging from 100.0 to 107.8%, under optimized experimental conditions; BAμE(modified pyrrolidone) - equilibrium time: 4h (1000 rpm), pH 5.5; LD - solvent:methanol/acetonitrile (1/1), 15 min with sonification. The analytical performance showed convenient detection limits (4.0-30.0 ng/L) and excellent linear dynamic ranges (0.04-1.60 μg/L) with remarkable correlation coefficients (r(2)>0.9980). Excellent repeatability was also achieved through intraday (RSD<13.7%) and interday (RSD<9.9%) assays. By using the standard addition methodology, the application of the present analytical approach on tap and ground water, as well as, wine samples revealed good sensitivity and absence of matrix effects. The proposed method operating under floating sampling technology proved to be a suitable sorption-based static microextraction alternative to monitor fungicides in real matrices, showing to be easy to implement, reliable, sensitive, requiring low sample volume and the possibility to choose the most selective sorbent coating according to the targets of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Almeida
- University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department and Centre of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campo Grande Ed. C8, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
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23
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Pelit FO, Pelit L, Ertaş H, Nil Ertaş F. Development of a gas chromatographic method for the determination of Chlorpyrifos and its metabolite Chlorpyrifos-oxon in wine matrix. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 904:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Martins J, Esteves C, Limpo-Faria A, Barros P, Ribeiro N, Simões T, Correia M, Delerue-Matos C. Analysis of six fungicides and one acaricide in still and fortified wines using solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2012; 132:630-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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25
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Li H, Li J, Xu Q, Hu X. Poly(3-hexylthiophene)/TiO2 Nanoparticle-Functionalized Electrodes for Visible Light and Low Potential Photoelectrochemical Sensing of Organophosphorus Pesticide Chlopyrifos. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9681-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac202679g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Li
- College of Chemistry and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Avenue, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, 9 Yingbin Avenue, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, 9 Yingbin Avenue, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Qin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Avenue, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Hu
- College of Chemistry and Engineering, Yangzhou University, 88 South University Avenue, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
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Pelit FO, Ertaş H, Nil Ertaş F. Development of an adsorptive catalytic stripping voltammetric method for the determination of an endocrine disruptor pesticide chlorpyrifos and its application to the wine samples. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-011-0336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry following sorptive microextraction for the determination of fungicide residues in wine. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 401:767-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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Martins J, Esteves C, Limpo-Faria A, Barros P, Ribeiro N, Simões T, Correia M, Delerue-Matos C. Multiresidue Method for the Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Still Wine and Fortified Wine Using Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.511735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Turgut C, Ornek H, Cutright TJ. Determination of pesticide residues in Turkey's table grapes: the effect of integrated pest management, organic farming, and conventional farming. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2011; 173:315-323. [PMID: 20213057 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Turkey is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of table grapes. Growing social concerns over excessive pesticide use have led to farming to move from conventional to organic practices. Table grapes were collected from 99 different farms in three Aegean regions. Pesticide residues were only detected in farms using conventional agriculture practices while no pesticides were detected in grapes from farms using organic or integrated pest management. A risk assessment model indicated that lambda-cyhalothrin posed the most significant risk at conventional farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cafer Turgut
- Faculty of Agriculture, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
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30
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Carpinteiro I, Ramil M, Rodríguez I, Cela R. Determination of fungicides in wine by mixed-mode solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7484-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Cesnik HB, Gregorcic A, Cus F. Pesticide residues in grapes from vineyards included in integrated pest management in Slovenia. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2008; 25:438-43. [PMID: 18348043 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701558490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the list of pesticides used in integrated pest management (IPM) in grape growing and their annual application rates are limited, we are still confronted with the problem of pesticide residues in grapes. This paper presents the results of pesticide monitoring of 47 samples of wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) from the 2006 vintage from vineyards included in IPM. The grape samples were analysed for the presence of 67 pesticides. Among them 20 were allowed in IPM in 2006. Grapes were sampled at harvest. Two internal analytical methods were used for the determination of pesticides: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the determination of dithiocarbamates and a multi-residue GC-MS method. One grape sample (2.1%) contained no residues or they were below the limit of detection, 28 samples (59.6%) contained residues lower or equal than maximum residue levels (MRLs), and 18 samples (38.3%) exceeded national MRLs for cyprodinil (the concentration range was 0.03-0.40 mg kg(-1) of cyprodinil) and fludioxonil (concentration was 0.03 mg kg(-1) of fludioxonil). Multiple residues were found in 41 samples (87.2%). The highest number of pesticides detected per sample was seven. No violation of pesticides allowed in IPM was observed. Folpet (97.9%), cyprodinil (51.1%), dithiocarbamates (44.7%), chlorothalonil (23.4%), chlorpyriphos (19.1%) and pyrimethanil (14.9%) were the most frequently found pesticides in grapes. Risk assessment showed that the exceeded concentrations of cyprodinil and fludioxonil did not represent any risk for consumer's health (the national estimate of short-term intake as a percentage of the acceptable daily intake was below 100%).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Basa Cesnik
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Central Laboratories, Ljubljana, SI-1000 Slovenia.
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32
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Martel AC, Porthault M. PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN RASPBERRIES AND LETTUCE: EXTRACTION AND COMPARISON OF THREE CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHODS: HPLC, HPTLC AND GC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Martel
- a Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture Rhône-Alpes (ISARA) , 31 place Bellecour, Lyon, F-69002, France
| | - Maurice Porthault
- b Université Claude Bernard Lyon I , Laboratoire des Sciences Analytiques, Bat. 308-D, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France
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33
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Jafari MT, Azimi M. Analysis of Sevin, Amitraz, and Metalaxyl Pesticides Using Ion Mobility Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600724047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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34
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Brun EM, Garcés-García M, Puchades R, Maquieira A. Highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for chlorpyrifos. Application to olive oil analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:9352-60. [PMID: 16302747 DOI: 10.1021/jf0516641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassays for chlorpyrifos, one of the most applied insecticides, are presented. Several haptens were synthesized for immunoreagent production and ELISA development. The best immunoassays obtained are based on an indirect coated-plate immunoassay format. Two assays were optimized; one shows a limit of detection of 0.3 ng L(-1), an I50 of 271 ng L(-1), and a dynamic range between 4 and 16 474 ng L(-1). The other one has a limit of detection of 0.07 ng L(-1), an I50 of 7 ng L(-1), and a dynamic range between 0.4 and 302 ng L(-1). The assays were used to quantify chlorpyrifos in olive oil using a simple and rapid sample extraction procedure. The good recoveries achieved in both assays (109% mean value) and the agreement with values given by the GC reference method (110% mean value) indicate their potential for either screening or laboratory quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Brun
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46071 Valencia, Spain
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35
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Nozal MJ, Bernal JL, Jiménez JJ, Martín MT, Bernal J. Determination of azolic fungicides in wine by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1076:90-6. [PMID: 15974073 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A method for simultaneous analysis of eight azolic fungicides: cyproconazole, diniconazole, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, flusilazole, triadimenol, triadimefon, carbendazim and the degradation product 2-aminobenzimidazole in wine samples is described. The compounds are isolated from the samples and concentrated by solid-phase extraction on polymeric cartridges. The determination is carried out by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection in positive ionization and selected ion monitoring modes. The influence of parameters such as the mobile phase composition, column temperature, corona current and fragmentor voltage is studied and the proposed method is validated. Recoveries of the nine compounds added to wine samples range from 83 to 109%, with relative standard deviations below 10%. The quantitation limits are between 9 and 31 microg/L. Real wine samples are analyzed by the proposed method, also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Nozal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Prado de la Magdalena s/n, E-47005 Valladolid, Spain.
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36
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Lee JK, Park SH, Lee EY, Kim YJ, Kyung KS. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of the fungicide fenarimol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2004; 52:7206-7213. [PMID: 15563196 DOI: 10.1021/jf049425l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the fungicide fenarimol, two synthesized haptens, haptens-1 and -2, and the purchased 4,4'-DDA were conjugated to carrier proteins (BSA, KLH, and OVA). Polyclonal antibodies raised against hapten-1,2-KLH conjugates in rabbits and the coating antigens of hapten-1,2-BSA conjugates, hapten-2-OVA conjugate, and 4,4'-DDA-BSA conjugate were screened and selected for the homologous and/or heterologous ELISA formats. Two competitive indirect ELISAs were selected: assays I and II. The optimized ciELISAs of assays I and II showed average IC(50) values of fenarimol of 5.4 and 9.4 ng/mL, detection ranges of 1.1-25.9 and 1.1-82.7 ng/mL, and lowest detection limits of 0.3 and 0.3 ng/mL, respectively. The cross-reactivities with several structurally related compounds indicated the importance of the steric fitness in the antigen-antibody interaction. Recoveries of fenarimol from apple and pear samples spiked with the analyte by assay I were in the range of 93-113% by simple extraction, concentration, and dilution. This assay could be a convenient and supplemental analytical tool for monitoring fenarimol residues in environmental and agricultural samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Koo Lee
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Korea.
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37
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Hyötyläinen T, Lüthje K, Rautiainen-Rämä M, Riekkola ML. Determination of pesticides in red wines with on-line coupled microporous membrane liquid–liquid extraction-gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1056:267-71. [PMID: 15595562 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction (MMLLE) was coupled on-line with gas chromatography for the determination of pesticides in wine. The MMLLE-GC provided to be efficient and selective and the method was linear, repeatable and sensitive. The limits of detection ranged from 0.05 to 2.3 microg/l and the limits of quantification were 0.2-7.5 microg/l for all the analytes using FID as detector. With MS detection LODs in the range 0.03-0.4 and LOQs of 0.3-3.5 microg/l were achieved. The method was applied to the determination of pesticides in several red wines of different origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hyötyläinen
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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38
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Tadeo JL, Sánchez-Brunete C, Albero B, González L. Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Juice and Beverages. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340490888670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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39
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José L, Sánchez-Brunete C, Albero B, González L. Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Juice and Beverages. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/10408340490491887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Del Carlo M, Mascini M, Pepe A, Diletti G, Compagnone D. Screening of food samples for carbamate and organophosphate pesticides using an electrochemical bioassay. Food Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2003.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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41
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Shim JH, Lee YS, Kim MR, Lee CJ, Kim IS. Use of the Keele injector for sample introduction for gas chromatographic analysis of vinclozolin in lettuces. J Chromatogr A 2003; 1015:233-7. [PMID: 14570334 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)01260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined a Keele injector for sample introduction for gas chromatographic analysis of vinclozolin treated in lettuces. Samples in milligram quantity were introduced into a glass tube in a Keele injector at a gas chromatograph injection port. The glass tube was then crushed to allow the sample to carry onto a capillary column in a normal manner. The standard calibration curve for quantitative detection of vinclozolin was obtained by determining vinclozolin spiked in samples at variable concentrations. The calibration curve showed a linear response to vinclozolin ranging from 0.05 to 1.0 microg/g, giving a slope value of 174.8, the y-intercept value of -2.8146 and the mean r2-value of 0.9994. Limit of quantification for vinclozolin was 0.05 microg/g by this method, comparable to 0.01 microg/g by a normal injector. When samples treated previously with vinclozolin were determined by the Keele injector, vinclozolin was found to be about 30% lower as compared to a normal method, suggesting about 70% recovery of the spiked vinclozolin by the Keele injector. From these results, the Keele injector was suggested to be potential for sample introduction in gas chromatographic analysis of vinclozolin in lettuce samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Shim
- Division of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea.
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42
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Zambonin CG, Cilenti A, Palmisano F. Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the rapid screening of triazole residues in wine and strawberries. J Chromatogr A 2002; 967:255-60. [PMID: 12685572 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method has been developed for the determination of triazole residues, such as triadimefon, propiconazole, myclobutanil and penconazole. The method has been successfully applied to the analysis of strawberries and wine samples. The procedure is solvent-free, simple and highly sensitive. Within-day and day-to-day RSDs ranged between 2-11% and 7-28%, respectively. Detection limits estimated at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 ranged between 30 (propiconazole) and 100 ng/kg (triadimefon). Since the detection limits achieved by this method are well below the maximum residue levels for wine (or grapes) and strawberries recommended by the European legislation, it can be conveniently used as a low-cost rapid screening method for the contamination of the considered samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Zambonin
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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43
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Kodama S, Yamamoto A, Saitoh Y, Matsunaga A, Okamura K, Kizu R, Hayakawa K. Enantioseparation of vinclozolin by gamma-cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2002; 50:1312-1317. [PMID: 11853523 DOI: 10.1021/jf011238p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography was applied to the enantioseparation of vinclozolin, which has been used as a fungicide and has an anti-androgenic activity, using gamma-cyclodextrin together with sodium dodecyl sulfate. Factors affecting the chiral resolution and migration time of vinclozolin were studied. The optimum running conditions were found to be 20 mM phosphate-5 mM borate buffer (pH 8.5) containing 50 mM gamma-cyclodextrin and 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate with an effective voltage of 20 kV at 20 degrees C using direct detection at 203 nm. Under these conditions, the resolution (Rs) of racemic vinclozolin was approximately 2.1. The sample was concentrated by solid-phase extraction and was fractionated by HPLC. The peak area ratio of (+)- and (-)-vinclozolins in wine was found to be 2:3, namely, not racemic, suggesting that degradation rates were different between (+)- and (-)-vinclozolins. The anti-androgenic activities of (+)- and (-)-vinclozolins on dihydrotestosterone-induced transcription were also investigated. The anti-androgenic activity of (+)-vinclozolin tended to be stronger than that of (-)-vinclozolin, suggesting the possibility that vinclozolin can act as an enantioselective anti-androgen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kodama
- Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Kosugi-machi, Toyama 939-0363, Japan.
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44
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Sandra P, Tienpont B, Vercammen J, Tredoux A, Sandra T, David F. Stir bar sorptive extraction applied to the determination of dicarboximide fungicides in wine. J Chromatogr A 2001; 928:117-26. [PMID: 11589467 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The dicarboximide fungicides vinclozolin, iprodione and procymidone were analyzed in white wines using stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) in combination with thermal desorption-capillary GC-MS analysis (TD-cGC-MS). The method was optimized using spiked water samples in a concentration range between 0.5 and 100 microg/l. Iprodione was measured as its degradation product 3,5-dichlorophenyl hydantoin. Limits of quantification in the full scan MS mode are 0.5 microg/l for vinclozolin and procymidone and 5 microg/l for iprodione. In the ion monitoring mode, concentrations 100 times lower can be dosed. Because of wine matrix effects on the recoveries, quantification of the target fungicides in wine had to be carried out by standard addition. For the thermolabile iprodione, the accuracy of SBSE-TD-cGC-MS was verified using SBSE followed by liquid desorption and analysis by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectroscopy. Procymidone and iprodione were detected in wines in concentrations up to 65 microg/l while the highest concentration of vinclozolin detected was smaller than 3 microg/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sandra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Gent, Ghent, Belgium.
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45
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Automated detection of chlorpyrifos and its metabolites by a continuous flow system-based enzyme sensor. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)00898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Jiménez JJ, Bernal JL, del Nozal MJ, Toribio L, Arias E. Analysis of pesticide residues in wine by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with electron capture and nitrogen-phosphorus detection. J Chromatogr A 2001; 919:147-56. [PMID: 11459301 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A feasible and reproducible method for multiresidue analysis of several common pesticides, of different polarities, in wine samples is proposed. The method combines a solid-phase extraction on polymeric cartridges eluted with ethyl acetate and a gas chromatographic determination using electron capture and nitrogen-phosphorus detection. To avoid the matrix effect, previous washing of the cartridges with a mixture of water-2-propanol (90:10) and further clean-up of the extract on Florisil cartridges, together with a calibration using spiked extracts, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Jiménez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Valladolid, Spain
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47
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Kourtis LK, Arvanitoyannis IS. IMPLEMENTATION OF HAZARD ANALYSIS CRITICAL CONTROL POINT (HACCP) SYSTEM TO THE ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES INDUSTRY. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/fri-100000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Sampedro MC, Martín O, López de Armentia CL, Rodríguez E, Gómez de Balugera ZG, Costa-Moreira J, Barrio RJ. Solid-phase microextraction for the determination of systemic and non-volatile pesticides in river water using gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorous and electron-capture detection. J Chromatogr A 2000; 893:347-58. [PMID: 11073303 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method combined with gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorous and electron capture detection for the analysis of the pesticides terbumeton, metribuzine, isomethiozine, pyridafenthion and triadimenol in river water has been developed. For this purpose, polyacrylate and polydimethylsiloxane coated fibres have been utilised and the factors affecting throughput, precision and accuracy of the SPME method have been investigated and optimised. These factors include: matrix influence, adsorption time, pH, salt effect, desorption time, temperature and also the lapse of time between sampling and injection. The performed analytical procedure showed detectability ranging from 2.0 ng l(-1) to 3.0 microg l(-1) and precision from 1.9 to 27.7% (as relative standard deviation) depending on the pesticide, the fibre and the detector used. The results demonstrate the suitability of the SPME method to analyse these non-volatile pesticides in river water.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Sampedro
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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49
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Navarro S, Oliva J, Barba A, Navarro G, Garcia MA, Zamorano M. Evolution of chlorpyrifos, fenarimol, metalaxyl, penconazole, and vinclozolin in red wines elaborated by carbonic maceration of Monastrell grapes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:3537-3541. [PMID: 10956146 DOI: 10.1021/jf990741n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the different steps involved in the wine-making process on the disappearance of chlorpyrifos, fenarimol, metalaxyl, penconazole, and vinclozolin in red wines elaborated by carbonic maceration of Monastrell grapes was studied. The initial levels of the residues in grapes ranged from 0.28 mg/kg (penconazole) to 1 mg/kg (chlorpyrifos). Ten days after the beginning of maceration, the compound that had decreased least was chlorpyrifos (83% of initial value remaining), whereas metalaxyl, the least persistent of the residues, had decreased to 49% of its initial value. In the free-run juice, on the other hand, the highest percentage remaining corresponded to metalaxyl (10%) and the lowest to chlorpyrifos (0. 1%). After pressing, the percentages of initial values eliminated in pomace varied from 82.7% for chlorpyrifos to 17.7% for metalaxyl, whereas in the press juice the opposite was the case (37% metalaxyl and 2% chlorpyrifos remaining). In finished wine, there were residues of all the pesticides, with the exception of chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl (21%) being the most persistent. The percentages eliminated in the lees varied from 1.5 to 2.5% of the initial value.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Navarro
- Departamento de Química Agrícola, Geología y Edafología, Universidad de Murcia, Spain.
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Oliva J, Barba A, Vela N, Melendreras F, Navarro S. Multiresidue method for the rapid determination of organophosphorus insecticides in grapes, must and wine. J Chromatogr A 2000; 882:213-20. [PMID: 10895945 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A rapid multiresidue gas chromatographic method for determining 12 insecticides in grapes, must and wine is described. A simple on-line microextraction method for isolating frequently applied insecticides on vineyard is used. The matrix, once extracted with an acetone-dichloromethane (1:1, v/v) mixture, was filtered and concentrated. Nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD) and electron-capture detection (ECD) were used to identify and quantify the insecticides, the findings being confirmed using mass spectrometric detection (MSD). No clean-up was necessary for either NPD or ECD. The regression coefficients relating to linearity were at least 0.99. Recoveries from spiked grape, must and wine samples ranged from 80 to 108% and relative standard deviations were no higher than 16% in the most unfavourable case. Individual detection limits were in the range 0.02-0.1 ng. Limits of quantification varied from 0.01 to 0.05 mg kg(-1), which are below the maximum residue limits set by the legislation of the main wine-producing countries of the European Union. Only in the case of methidathion and quinalphos were the limits of quantification equivalent to the maximum residue limits (0.05 mg kg(-1)) established by Spanish and French legislation, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oliva
- Departamento de Química Agrícola, Geología y Edafología, Universidad de Murcia, Spain
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