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Yang SH, Shin Y, Choi H. Simultaneous analytical method for 296 pesticide multiresidues in root and rhizome based herbal medicines with GC-MS/MS. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288198. [PMID: 37410759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A method for the simultaneous analysis of pesticide multiresidues in three root/rhizome-based herbal medicines (Cnidium officinale, Rehmannia glutinosa, and Paeonia lactiflora) was developed with GC-MS/MS. To determine the concentrations of pesticide residues, 5 g of dried samples were saturated with distilled water, extracted with 10 mL of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile/ethyl acetate (7:3, v/v), and then partitioned using magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride. The organic layer was purified with Oasis PRiME HLB plus light, followed by a cleanup with dispersive solid-phase extraction containing alumina. The sample was then injected into GC-MS/MS (2 μL) using a pulsed injection mode at 15 psi and analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. The limit of quantitation for the 296 target pesticides was within 0.002-0.05 mg/kg. Among them, 77.7-88.5% showed recoveries between 70% and 120% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ≤20% at fortified levels of 0.01, and 0.05 mg/kg. The analytical method was successfully applied to real herbal samples obtained from commercial markets, and 10 pesticides were quantitatively determined from these samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyun Yang
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Healthcare Advanced Chemical Research Institute, Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry Center, Hwasun-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongho Shin
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Choi
- Department of Life & Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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2
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Determination of Scopolamine Distribution in Plasma and Brain by LC-MS/MS in Rats. Int J Anal Chem 2022; 2022:8536235. [PMID: 36245782 PMCID: PMC9553649 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8536235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scopolamine, as a tropane alkaloid found in plants such as belladonna and datura, is used clinically as a transdermal patch and is highly neurotoxic. This study aimed to develop a simple, sensitive, and selective LC-MS/MS method for the determination of the content and distribution of scopolamine in rat plasma and brain after drug administration. In our study, sample pretreatment consisted of protein precipitation with acetonitrile followed by nitrogen blow concentration. Gradient elution of scopolamine and internal standard was performed on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1
100 mm, 3.5 μm) column with water containing 0.1% formic acid (v/v) and acetonitrile as a mobile phase. Those samples were quantified in ESI positive ion mode using an API 4000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The results showed that scopolamine was linear in the calibration range of 2–2500 ng/mL, and the selectivity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, stability, and recovery of the method were within acceptable limits. The method has been validated and has been successfully used for toxicokinetic studies of scopolamine. After intraperitoneal injection, the time to peak toxic concentrations of scopolamine in rats was 0.5 h. The concentrations of scopolamine in the hippocampus and cortex were much higher than those in the striatum, indicating that the likely targets of its neurotoxic damage were the hippocampus and cortex. Overall, this study provides the basis for the neurotoxicity of scopolamine and provides a reference for its toxicokinetic studies.
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Ma J, Li K, Shi S, Li J, Tang S, Liu L. The Application of UHPLC-HRMS for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922488. [PMID: 35721122 PMCID: PMC9201421 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UHPLC-HRMS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry) is a new technique that unifies the application of UHPLC with HRMS. Because of the high sensitivity and good separation ability of UHPLC and the sensitivity of HRMS, this technique has been widely used for structure identification, quantitative determination, fingerprint analysis, and elucidation of the mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in recent years. This review mainly outlines the advantages of using UHPLC-HRMS and provides a survey of the research advances on UHPLC-HRMS for the quality control of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyao Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Kailin Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Silin Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Sunv Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - LiangHong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
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4
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Louleb M, Galván I, Latrous L, Justyn NM, Hill GE, Ríos Á, Zougagh M. Detection of Porphyrins in Hair Using Capillary Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116230. [PMID: 35682910 PMCID: PMC9181607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike humans, some animals have evolved a physiological ability to deposit porphyrins, which are pigments produced during heme synthesis in cells, in the skin and associated integument such as hair. Given the inert nature and easiness of collection of hair, animals that present porphyrin-based pigmentation constitute unique models for porphyrin analysis in biological samples. Here we present the development of a simple, rapid, and efficient analytical method for four natural porphyrins (uroporphyrin I, coproporphyrin I, coproporphyrin III and protoporphyrin IX) in the Southern flying squirrel Glaucomys volans, a mammal with hair that fluoresces and that we suspected has porphyrin-based pigmentation. The method is based on capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (CLC-MS), after an extraction procedure with formic acid and acetonitrile. The resulting limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.006–0.199 and 0.021–0.665 µg mL−1, respectively. This approach enabled us to quantify porphyrins in flying squirrel hairs at concentrations of 3.6–353.2 µg g−1 with 86.4–98.6% extraction yields. This method provides higher simplicity, precision, selectivity, and sensitivity than other methods used to date, presenting the potential to become the standard technique for porphyrin analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Louleb
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (M.L.); (Á.R.)
- Laboratory of Applied Mineral Chemistry (LCMA) LR19ES02, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Campus Universitaire Farat Hached El Manar 1, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia;
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla—La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ismael Galván
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, National Museum of Natural Sciences, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.G.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +34-926052675 (M.Z.)
| | - Latifa Latrous
- Laboratory of Applied Mineral Chemistry (LCMA) LR19ES02, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Campus Universitaire Farat Hached El Manar 1, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia;
| | - Nicholas M. Justyn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.M.J.); (G.E.H.)
| | - Geoffrey E. Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.M.J.); (G.E.H.)
| | - Ángel Ríos
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (M.L.); (Á.R.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla—La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mohammed Zougagh
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research, IRICA, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain; (M.L.); (Á.R.)
- Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Castilla—La Ancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.G.); (M.Z.); Tel.: +34-926052675 (M.Z.)
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5
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Matsuda F, Komori S, Yamada Y, Hara D, Okahashi N. Data Processing of Product Ion Spectra: Quality Improvement by Averaging Multiple Similar Spectra of Small Molecules. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2022; 11:A0106. [PMID: 36713802 PMCID: PMC9853114 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In metabolomics studies using high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS), a set of product ion spectra is comprehensively acquired from observed ions using the data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode of various tandem MS. However, especially for low-intensity signals, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish artifact signals from true fragment ions derived from a precursor ion. Inadequate precision in the measured m/z value is also one of the bottlenecks to narrowing down the candidate compositional formula. In this study, we report that averaging multiple product ion spectra can improve m/z precision as well as the reliability of fragment ions that are observed in such spectra. A graph-based method was applied to cluster a set of similar spectra from multiple DDA data files resulting in creating an averaged product-ion spectrum. The error levels for the m/z values declined following the central limit theorem, which allowed us to reduce the number of candidate compositional formulas. The improved reliability and precision of the averaged spectra will contribute to a more efficient annotation of product ion spectral data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Matsuda
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Osaka University Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratories, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Correspondence to: Fumio Matsuda, Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1–5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565–0871, Japan, e-mail:
| | - Shuka Komori
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamada
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daiki Hara
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Okahashi
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan,Osaka University Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratories, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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A Tapered Capillary-Based Contactless Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Mass Spectrometry for On-Line Preconcentration and Separation of Small Organics. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8080111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an effective technique for the separation of different analytes. Moreover, online preconcentration of trace analytes in the capillary for CE analysis has been demonstrated. CE and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) are suitable for the separation of analytes with similar polarities. Given that CE and CEC are only used to separate small-volume samples, sensitive mass spectrometry (MS) is a suitable detection tool for CE and CEC. Contactless atmospheric pressure ionization (C-API) is a continuous flow ion source that only uses a short capillary as the ionization emitter operated at atmospheric pressure for MS analysis. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of hyphenating CE/CEC with C-API-MS by using a short and tapered capillary as the interface. The short capillary (a few centimeters) can function as the separation/preconcentration tube and the ionization emitter. This hyphenated technique can be used to analyze small organics within a few minutes. The suitability of using the hyphenated technique for online preconcentration, separation, and quantitative analysis for small organics is demonstrated in this study.
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7
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Štícha M, Jelínek I, Vlk M. Chemical Conversion of Hardly Ionizable Rhenium Aryl Chlorocomplexes with p-Substituted Anilines. Molecules 2021; 26:3427. [PMID: 34198782 PMCID: PMC8201000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast and selective analytical methods help to ensure the chemical identity and desired purity of the prepared complexes before their medical application, and play an indispensable role in clinical practice. Mass spectrometry, despite some limitations, is an integral part of these methods. In the context of mass spectrometry, specific problems arise with the low ionization efficiency of particular analytes. Chemical derivatization was used as one of the most effective methods to improve the analyte's response and separation characteristics. The Schotten-Baumann reaction was successfully adapted for the derivatization of ESI hardly ionizable Re(VII) bis(catechol) oxochlorocomplex. Various alkyl and halogen p-substituted anilines as possible derivatization agents were tested. Unlike the starting complex, the reaction products were easily ionizable in electrospray, providing structurally characteristic molecular and fragment anions. DFT computer modeling, which proposed significant conformation changes of prepared complexes within their deprotonation, proved to have a close link to MS spectra. High-resolution MS and MS/MS measurements complemented with collision-induced dissociation experiments for detailed specification of prepared complexes' fragmentation pathways were used. The specified fragmentation schemes were analogous for all studied derivatives, with an exception for [Re(O)(Cat)2PIPA].
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Štícha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12000 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Jelínek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12000 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (I.J.); (M.V.)
| | - Mikuláš Vlk
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12000 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (I.J.); (M.V.)
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Zhu SZ, Zhang L, Zhang J, Guo YL. Arc Plasma-Based Dissociation Device: Fingerprinting Mass Spectrometric Analysis Realized at Atmospheric Condition. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14633-14639. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-zhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yin-long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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9
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Ali I, Suhail M, Alothman ZA, Abdulrahman A, Aboul-Enein HY. Drug analyses in human plasma by chromatography. HANDBOOK OF ANALYTICAL SEPARATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64066-6.00002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Isotope-dilution mass spectrometry for exact quantification of noncanonical DNA nucleosides. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:283-312. [PMID: 30559375 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA contains not only canonical nucleotides but also a variety of modifications of the bases. In particular, cytosine and adenine are frequently modified. Determination of the exact quantity of these noncanonical bases can contribute to the characterization of the state of a biological system, e.g., determination of disease or developmental processes, and is therefore extremely important. Here, we present a workflow that includes detailed description of critical sample preparation steps and important aspects of mass spectrometry analysis and validation. In this protocol, extraction and digestion of DNA by an optimized spin-column and enzyme-based method are described. Isotopically labeled standards are added in the course of DNA digestion, which allows exact quantification by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. To overcome the major bottleneck of such analyses, we developed a short (~14-min-per-sample) ultra-HPLC (UHPLC) and triple quadrupole mass spectrometric (QQQ-MS) method. Easy calculation of the modification abundance in the genome is possible with the provided evaluation sheets. Compared to alternative methods, the quantification procedure presented here allows rapid, ultrasensitive (low femtomole range) and highly reproducible quantification of different nucleosides in parallel. Including sample preparation and evaluation, quantification of DNA modifications can be achieved in less than a week.
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Trache D, Tarchoun AF. Analytical Methods for Stability Assessment of Nitrate Esters-Based Propellants. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 49:415-438. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1540921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Djalal Trache
- Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, UER Procédés Energétiques, Algiers, Algeria
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12
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Kiontke A, Billig S, Birkemeyer C. Response in Ambient Low Temperature Plasma Ionization Compared to Electrospray and Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization for Mass Spectrometry. Int J Anal Chem 2018; 2018:5647536. [PMID: 30723503 PMCID: PMC6339754 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5647536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern technical evolution made mass spectrometry (MS) an absolute must for analytical chemistry in terms of application range, detection limits and speed. When it comes to mass spectrometric detection, one of the critical steps is to ionize the analyte and bring it into the gas phase. Several ionization techniques were developed for this purpose among which electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) are two of the most frequently applied atmospheric pressure methods to ionize target compounds from liquid matrices or solutions. Moreover, recent efforts in the emerging field of "ambient" MS enable the applicability of newly developed atmospheric pressure techniques to solid matrices, greatly simplifying the analysis of samples with MS and anticipating, to ease the required or even leave out any sample preparation and enable analysis at ambient conditions, outside the instrument itself. These developments greatly extend the range of applications of modern mass spectrometry (MS). Ambient methods comprise many techniques; a particular prominent group is, however, the plasma-based methods. Although ambient MS is a rather new field of research, the interest in further developing the corresponding techniques and enhancing their performance is very strong due to their simplicity and often low cost of manufacturing. A precondition for improving the performance of such ion sources is a profound understanding how ionization works and which parameters determine signal response. Therefore, we review relevant compound characteristics for ionization with the two traditional methods ESI and APCI and compare those with one of the most frequently employed representatives of the plasma-based methods, i.e., low temperature plasma ionization. We present a detailed analysis in which compound characteristics are most beneficial for the response of aromatic nitrogen-containing compounds with these three methods and provide evidence that desorption characteristics appear to have the main common, general impact on signal response. In conclusion, our report provides a very useful resource to the optimization of instrumental conditions with respect to most important requirements of the three ionization techniques and, at the same time, for future developments in the field of ambient ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kiontke
- Research Group of Mass Spectrometry at the Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susan Billig
- Research Group of Mass Spectrometry at the Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Birkemeyer
- Research Group of Mass Spectrometry at the Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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El-Helw NO, El-Gendy AO, El-Gebaly E, Hassan HM, Rateb ME, El-Nesr KA. Characterization of natural bioactive compounds produced by isolated bacteria from compost of aromatic plants. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:443-451. [PMID: 30142693 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to highlight the importance of compost from aromatic plants as a stunning source for several bio active compounds generated from their inhabited thermophilic bacteria. Some of the isolated compounds could have a potential role in the treatment of microbial infections. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of forty different thermophilic bacteria were isolated from compost samples during their thermophilic stage. These isolates were tested for their antimicrobial capabilities against different Gram-positive and -negative bacteria using agar diffusion and double layer agar methods. The potential isolates were further identified based on morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods. They were subjected to submerged state fermentation and the total crude metabolites were recovered using ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extraction. All bioactive metabolites were identified using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). It was observed that 2 out of 40 isolates were remarkably active against Gram-positive bacteria. These isolates were genetically identified as Bacillus species and their different active metabolites were characterized in the EtOAc extracts using LC-HRMS. CONCLUSION Liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of EtOAc extracts revealed the presence of active metabolites that are responsible for antimicrobial activities. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to identify bioactive antimicrobial metabolites from retrieved compost micro-organisms in Egypt. So, compost could be a beneficial area for research as a reliable and continuous natural source for different uncountable communities of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- N O El-Helw
- Biotechnology and Life Science Department, Faculty of Post Graduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - A O El-Gendy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - E El-Gebaly
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - H M Hassan
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - M E Rateb
- School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, Scotland, UK
| | - K A El-Nesr
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Broeckling CD, Hoyes E, Richardson K, Brown JM, Prenni JE. Comprehensive Tandem-Mass-Spectrometry Coverage of Complex Samples Enabled by Data-Set-Dependent Acquisition. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8020-8027. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corey D. Broeckling
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, C-121 Microbiology Building 2021 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Emmy Hoyes
- Waters Corporation, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, U.K
| | | | | | - Jessica E. Prenni
- Department of Horticulture, Colorado State University, 210 Shepardson 1173 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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15
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Johnson SR, Rikli HG, Schmidt JO, Evans MS. A reexamination of poneratoxin from the venom of the bullet ant Paraponera clavata. Peptides 2017; 98:51-62. [PMID: 27266841 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In 1991, Piek et al. [45] described a voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) modifier from "bullet ant" (Paraponera clavata) venom they called poneratoxin (PoTx). Using UV chromatography and Edman degradation they showed two "identical peptides" of 25 residues. We reinvestigated PoTx using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-TMS). De novo sequencing showed the two peptides were actually structurally different peptides: the originally described PoTx and a glycyl pro-peptide (glycyl-PoTx) that lacks C-terminus amidation. We examined P. clavata venom from different geographical locations and discovered two additional PoTx analogs: an A23E substitution analog and a D22N; A23V substitutions analog. We tested PoTx and these three natural analogs on the mammalian sensory voltage-gated sodium channel, Nav1.7, using whole cell voltage-clamp. PoTx and each analog induced slowly activating currents in response to small depolarizing steps and sustained currents due to blockade of channel inactivation, similar to that described previously in skeletal muscle [19]. Glycyl-PoTx had the same potency and efficacy as PoTx. A23E PoTx, with a decrease in both C-terminal net positive charge and hydrophobicity, had an eight-fold reduction in potency compared to PoTx. In contrast, the D22N; A23V PoTx, with an increase in both C-terminal net positive charge and hydrophobicity, had a nearly five-fold increase in potency compared to PoTx. We found that changes in PoTx C-terminus caused a significant change in PoTx potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Johnson
- Department of Biology, University of Illinois Springfield, Springfield, IL, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Springfield, Springfield, IL, United States; Carbon Dynamics Institute, LLC, Sherman, IL, United States.
| | - Hillary G Rikli
- Department of Biology, University of Illinois Springfield, Springfield, IL, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Springfield, Springfield, IL, United States
| | | | - M Steven Evans
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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Siddiqui MR, AlOthman ZA, Rahman N. Analytical techniques in pharmaceutical analysis: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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17
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Gul P, Senol O, Yaman ME, Kadıoglu Y. Quantification and identification of components released from dental composites using different chromatographic techniques. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1185730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Gul
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Onur Senol
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emrah Yaman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yücel Kadıoglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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18
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Rebane R, Kruve A, Liigand P, Liigand J, Herodes K, Leito I. Establishing Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Efficiency Scale. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3435-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riin Rebane
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anneli Kruve
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Piia Liigand
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaanus Liigand
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Koit Herodes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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19
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de Villiers A, Venter P, Pasch H. Recent advances and trends in the liquid-chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of flavonoids. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1430:16-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Schütz A, Brandt S, Liedtke S, Foest D, Marggraf U, Franzke J. Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ionization of Perfluorinated Compounds. Anal Chem 2015; 87:11415-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schütz
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS − e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brandt
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS − e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sascha Liedtke
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS − e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Daniel Foest
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS − e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ulrich Marggraf
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS − e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joachim Franzke
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften − ISAS − e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
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21
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Farrés M, Piña B, Tauler R. Chemometric evaluation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic profiles using LC-MS. Metabolomics 2014; 11:210-224. [PMID: 25598766 PMCID: PMC4289532 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-014-0689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A new liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics strategy coupled to chemometric evaluation, including variable and biomarker selection, has been assessed as a tool to discriminate between control and stressed Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast samples. Metabolic changes occurring during yeast culture at different temperatures (30 and 42 °C) were analysed and the complex data generated in profiling experiments were evaluated by different chemometric multivariate approaches. Multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) was applied to full spectral scan LC-MS preprocessed data multisets arranged in augmented column-wise data matrices. The results showed that sectioning the MS-chromatograms in different windows and analysing them by MCR-ALS enabled the proper resolution of very complex coeluted chromatographic peaks. The investigation of possible relationships between MCR-ALS resolved chromatographic peak areas and culture temperature was then investigated by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Selection of most relevant resolved chromatographic peaks associated to yeast culture temperature changes was achieved according to PLS-DA-Variable Importance in Projection scores. A metabolite identification workflow was developed utilizing MCR-ALS resolved pure MS spectra and high-resolution accurate mass measurements to confirm assigned structures based on entries in metabolite databases. A total of 65 metabolites were identified. A preliminary interpretation of these results indicates that the strategy described in this study can be proposed as a general tool to facilitate biomarker identification and modelling in similar untargeted metabolomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Farrés
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamí Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romà Tauler
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Multiplicative effects model with internal standard in mobile phase for quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 125:347-51. [PMID: 24840455 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assays suffer from signal instability caused by the gradual fouling of the ion source, vacuum instability, aging of the ion multiplier, etc. To address this issue, in this contribution, an internal standard was added into the mobile phase. The internal standard was therefore ionized and detected together with the analytes of interest by the mass spectrometer to ensure that variations in measurement conditions and/or instrument have similar effects on the signal contributions of both the analytes of interest and the internal standard. Subsequently, based on the unique strategy of adding internal standard in mobile phase, a multiplicative effects model was developed for quantitative LC-MS assays and tested on a proof of concept model system: the determination of amino acids in water by LC-MS. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method could efficiently mitigate the detrimental effects of continuous signal variation, and achieved quantitative results with average relative predictive error values in the range of 8.0-15.0%, which were much more accurate than the corresponding results of conventional internal standard method based on the peak height ratio and partial least squares method (their average relative predictive error values were as high as 66.3% and 64.8%, respectively). Therefore, it is expected that the proposed method can be developed and extended in quantitative LC-MS analysis of more complex systems.
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23
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Liuni P, Wilson DJ. Understanding and optimizing electrospray ionization techniques for proteomic analysis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 8:197-209. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Kim JK, Choi SR, Lee J, Park SY, Song SY, Na J, Kim SW, Kim SJ, Nou IS, Lee YH, Park SU, Kim H. Metabolic differentiation of diamondback moth ( Plutella xylostella (L.)) resistance in cabbage ( Brassica oleracea L. ssp. capitata). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:11222-30. [PMID: 24144435 DOI: 10.1021/jf403441t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is a major pest responsible for destroying cabbage and other Brassica vegetable crops. A diamondback moth-resistant cabbage line was studied by comparing its metabolite profiles with those of a susceptible cabbage. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that carbohydrates, aromatic compounds, and amides were the major factors that distinguished the resistant and susceptible genotypes. Gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry profiled 46 metabolites, including 19 amino acids, 15 organic acids, 8 sugars, 3 sugar alcohols, and 1 amine in two genotypes and F1 hybrid cabbages. The levels of glycolic acid, quinic acid, inositol, fumaric acid, glyceric acid, trehalose, shikimic acid, and aspartic acid were found to be very significantly different between the resistant and susceptible genotypes with a P value of <0.0001. These results will provide a foundation for further studies on diamondback moth resistance in cabbage breeding and for the development of other herbivore-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University , Incheon 406-772, Korea
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25
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Chromatography with Mass Spectral Detection (GC/MS and LC/MS). CHROMATOGRAPHY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/9780471980582.ch10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Seger C, Sturm S, Stuppner H. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy: modern high-end detectors for high resolution separation techniques--state of the art in natural product HPLC-MS, HPLC-NMR, and CE-MS hyphenations. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:970-87. [PMID: 23739842 DOI: 10.1039/c3np70015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current natural product research is unthinkable without the use of high resolution separation techniques as high performance liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis (HPLC or CE respectively) combined with mass spectrometers (MS) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometers. These hyphenated instrumental analysis platforms (CE-MS, HPLC-MS or HPLC-NMR) are valuable tools for natural product de novo identification, as well as the authentication, distribution, and quantification of constituents in biogenic raw materials, natural medicines and biological materials obtained from model organisms, animals and humans. Moreover, metabolic profiling and metabolic fingerprinting applications can be addressed as well as pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic issues. This review provides an overview of latest technological developments, discusses the assets and drawbacks of the available hyphenation techniques, and describes typical analytical workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Seger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, CCB-Centrum of Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Patel KN, Patel JK, Patel MP, Rajput GC, Patel HA. Introduction to hyphenated techniques and their applications in pharmacy. Pharm Methods 2013; 1:2-13. [PMID: 23781411 PMCID: PMC3658024 DOI: 10.4103/2229-4708.72222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyphenated technique is developed from the coupling of a separation technique and an on-line spectroscopic detection technology. The remarkable improvements in hyphenated analytical methods over the last two decades have significantly broadened their applications in the analysis of biomaterials, especially natural products. In this article, recent advances in the applications of various hyphenated techniques, e.g., GC-MS, LC-MS, LC-FTIR, LC-NMR, CE-MS, etc. in the context of pre-isolation analyses of crude extracts or fraction from various natural sources, isolation and on-line detection of natural products, chemotaxonomic studies, chemical fingerprinting, quality control of herbal products, dereplication of natural products, and metabolomic studies are discussed with appropriate examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpesh N Patel
- Nootan Pharmacy College, Kamana Crossing, Visnagar - 384 315, India
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Abstract
This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry.
Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on
Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and
definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and
Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further
recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC
Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s
Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and
appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to
tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in
1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years,
particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the
recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive
revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus
of the mass spectrometry community.
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Wolfender JL, Queiroz EF, Hostettmann K. The importance of hyphenated techniques in the discovery of new lead compounds from nature. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 1:237-60. [PMID: 23495845 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.1.3.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nature represents an extraordinary reservoir of novel molecules and there is currently a resurgence of interest in natural products as a possible source of new lead compounds for introduction into therapeutical screening programmes. To discover new bioactive natural products, the dereplication of crude extracts performed prior to isolation work is of crucial importance for avoiding the tedious isolation of known constituents. In this respect, chemical screening strategies based on hyphenated techniques such as liquid chromatography-ultraviolet photodiode array detection, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography tandom mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance (LC-NMR) are more and more extensively used. In the laboratory of Hostettmann's group, these analytical methods have been fully integrated into the isolation process and are used for the chemical screening of crude plant extracts, in complement with online or at-line bioassays, for rapid localisation and identification of new bioactive compounds. In this paper, possibilities and limitations of hyphenated techniques for de novo online natural product identification are discussed. As LC-NMR is playing a key role in this respect, the main part of the paper is dedicated to this technique. In particular, various ways of integrating NMR in the dereplication process are illustrated and strategies involving either direct or indirect hyphenation are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Pytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Univerity of Lausanne, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland; †
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Ji Z, Xu N, Gang Q, Wei S. Identification of pyrroloindoline-containing cyclic hexapeptides in the metabolites of Streptomyces alboflavus 313 by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2013; 66:265-71. [PMID: 23361356 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2013.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the chemical biodiversity of biologically active cyclic hexapeptides in the metabolites from microorganisms, the fermentation broth of Streptomyces alboflavus 313 was analyzed using HPLC, equipped with a diode array detector (DAD), coupled with ESI tandem MS (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS). In the mass spectra of cyclic hexapeptides, predominant ions [M+H](+), as well as [M-18+H](+), [M-28+H](+) and [M+Na](+), were observed and used to determine the molecular masses, while fragmentation reactions of [M+H](+) were recorded to provide information on the contents of amino acids and their linkage sequence. Based on the fragmentation patterns and comparison with standards, 15 pyrroloindoline-containing natural cyclic hexapeptides, cp01-15, were identified from the microorganism and six of these are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Ji
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A and F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China.
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31
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2D gels still have a niche in proteomics. J Proteomics 2013; 88:4-13. [PMID: 23353020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid advance of MS-based proteomics one might think that 2D gel-based proteomics is dead. This is far from the truth. Current research has shown that there are still a number of places in the field of protein and molecular biology where 2D gels still play a leading role. The aim of this review is to highlight some of these applications. Examples from our own research as well as from other published works are used to illustrate the 2D gel driven research in the areas of: 1) de novo sequencing and protein identification from organisms with no or incomplete genome sequences available; 2) alternative detection methods for modification specific proteomics; 3) identification of protein isoforms and modified proteins. With an example of the glycoprotein TIMP-1 protein we illustrate the unique properties of 2D gels for the separation and characterisation of multiply modified proteins. We also show that careful analysis of experimental and theoretical protein mass and pI can lead to the identification of unanticipated protein variants modified by for example proteolytic cleavage. Together this shows that there is an important niche for 2D gel-based proteomics, which compliments traditional LC-MS techniques for specific protein research purposes.
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New Developments in Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Micropollutants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1155/2012/748989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The combination of liquid chromatography (LC) with mass spectrometry (MS) in the environmental field has appeared as a valuable tool for the determination of micropollutants. Several groups of compounds have been considered as particularly relevant (e.g., pharmaceuticals, hormones and other endocrine-disrupting, personal care products and their metabolites, flame retardants, surfactants, and plasticizers, among others) since the same ones are continuously being released in the environment mainly as a result of the manufacturing processes, the disposal of unused or expired products, and the excreta. Because these micropollutants are not completely removed in the environment, very specific and sensitive analytical procedures are needed for their identification and quantification. High performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (or LC-MS2) and especially time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF/MS), has allowed that many environmental contaminants that are highly polar or nonvolatile or have a high molecular weight to be analyzed or identified. In this work we present an overview focused on the developments of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry applied to the analysis of the main classes of micropollutants in aqueous and solid environmental samples. Various aspects of methodologies based on these techniques, including sample preparation (extraction/preconcentration) and matrix effects, are discussed.
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Recent developments in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and related techniques. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:3-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Stahnke H, Kittlaus S, Kempe G, Hemmerling C, Alder L. The influence of electrospray ion source design on matrix effects. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:875-884. [PMID: 22791255 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates to which extent the design of electrospray ion sources influences the susceptibility to matrix effects (MEs) in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). For this purpose, MEs were measured under comparable conditions (identical sample extracts, identical LC column, same chromatographic method and always positive ion mode) on four LC-MS/MS instrument platforms. The instruments were combined with five electrospray ion sources, viz. Turbo Ion Spray, Turbo V(TM) Source, Standard ESI, Jet Stream ESI and Standard Z-Spray Source. The comparison of MEs could be made at all retention times because the method of permanent postcolumn infusion was applied. The MEs ascertained for 45 pesticides showed for each electrospray ion source the same pattern, i.e. the same number of characteristic signal suppressions at equivalent retention times in the chromatogram. The Turbo Ion Spray (off-axis geometry), Turbo V(TM) Source (orthogonal geometry) and the Standard Z-Spray Source (double orthogonal geometry) did not differ much in their susceptibility to MEs. The Jet Stream ESI (orthogonal geometry) reaches a higher sensitivity by an additional heated sheath gas, but suffers at the same time from significantly stronger signal suppressions than the comparable Standard ESI (orthogonal geometry) without sheath gas. No relation between source geometry and extent of signal suppression was found in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Stahnke
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany.
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35
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Sturm S, Seger C. Liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance coupling as alternative to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry hyphenations: curious option or powerful and complementary routine tool? J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:50-61. [PMID: 22658656 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Combining the most powerful separation techniques, i.e. liquid chromatography (LC) or capillary electrophoresis (CE) with a information rich detection system - the mass spectrometer or the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer - has been pursued for more than three decades. This compilation shall provide an overview of the advantages and limitations of the LC-NMR hyphenation in the light of its most valued application-the unequivocal analyte identification. Especially the post LC trapping of analytes with an in-line solid phase extraction (SPE) device prior to transferring the analyte of interest to the NMR spectrometer (LC-SPE-NMR) proved to be a robust installation allowing a significant cut-down of the amount of analyte needed for the generation of high quality heteronuclear NMR shift correlation data. Different available technical realizations will be discussed and typical application examples from natural product research and from industrial settings will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Sturm
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, CCB - Center of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Suni NM, Aalto H, Kauppila TJ, Kotiaho T, Kostiainen R. Analysis of lipids with desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry (DAPPI-MS) and desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS). JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:611-619. [PMID: 22576874 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the effect of spray solvent on the analysis of selected lipids including fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, triacylglycerols, steroids, phospholipids, and sphingolipids has been studied by two different ambient mass spectrometry (MS) methods, desorption electrospray ionization-MS (DESI-MS) and desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization-MS (DAPPI-MS). The ionization of the lipids with DESI and DAPPI was strongly dependent on the spray solvent. In most cases, the lipids were detected as protonated or deprotonated molecules; however, other ions were also formed, such as adduct ions (in DESI), [M-H](+) ions (in DESI and DAPPI), radical ions (in DAPPI), and abundant oxidation products (in DESI and DAPPI). DAPPI provided efficient desorption and ionization for neutral and less polar as well as for ionic lipids but caused extensive fragmentation for larger and more labile compounds because of a thermal desorption process. DESI was more suitable for the analysis of the large and labile lipids, but the ionization efficiency for less polar lipids was poor. Both methods were successfully applied to the direct analysis of lipids from pharmaceutical and food products. Although DESI and DAPPI provide efficient analysis of lipids, the multiple and largely unpredictable ionization reactions may set challenges for routine lipid analysis with these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina M Suni
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
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Wang X, Kapoor V, Smythe GA. Extraction and Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric Analysis of the Active Principles from Selected Chinese Herbs and Other Medicinal Plants. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 31:927-44. [PMID: 14992545 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x0300165x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal herbs have a long history of use in the practice of traditional Chinese medicine and a substantial body of evidence has, over recent decades, demonstrated a range of important pharmacological properties. Western biomedical researchers are examining not only the efficacy of the traditional herbal products but, through the use of a range of bioassays and analytical techniques, are developing improved methods to isolate and characterize active components. This review briefly describes the different extraction methodologies used in the preparation of herbal extracts and reviews the utility of chromatography-mass spectrometry for the analysis of their active components. In particular, applications of gas or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for the isolation and characterization of active components of ginseng are critically assessed. The analysis of toxic substances from herb extracts with mass spectrometric techniques is also discussed along with the potential for mass spectrometric methods to investigate the proteomics of herbal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosuo Wang
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Li Y, Champion MM, Sun L, DiGiuseppe Champion PA, Wojcik R, Dovichi NJ. Capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry as an alternative proteomics platform to ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for samples of intermediate complexity. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1617-22. [PMID: 22182061 PMCID: PMC3277681 DOI: 10.1021/ac202899p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of capillary zone electrophoresis with an electrokinetically pumped sheath-flow electrospray interface for the analysis of a tryptic digest of a sample of intermediate protein complexity, the secreted protein fraction of Mycobacterium marinum. For electrophoretic analysis, 11 fractions were generated from the sample using reverse-phase liquid chromatography; each fraction was analyzed by CZE-ESI-MS/MS, and 334 peptides corresponding to 140 proteins were identified in 165 min of mass spectrometer time at 95% confidence (FDR < 0.15%). In comparison, 388 peptides corresponding to 134 proteins were identified in 180 min of mass spectrometer time by triplicate UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analyses, each using 250 ng of the unfractionated peptide mixture, at 95% confidence (FDR < 0.15%). Overall, 62% of peptides identified in CZE-ESI-MS/MS and 67% in UPLC-ESI-MS/MS were unique. CZE-ESI-MS/MS favored basic and hydrophilic peptides with low molecular masses. Combining the two data sets increased the number of unique peptides by 53%. Our approach identified more than twice as many proteins as the previous record for capillary electrophoresis proteome analysis. CE-ESI-MS/MS is a useful tool for the analysis of proteome samples of intermediate complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA 46556
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle WA USA 98195
| | - Matthew M. Champion
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA 46556
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA 46556
| | | | - Roza Wojcik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA 46556
| | - Norman J. Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA 46556
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Olivero D, LaPlaca M, Kottke PA. Ambient nanoelectrospray ionization with in-line microdialysis for spatially resolved transient biochemical monitoring within cell culture environments. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2072-5. [PMID: 22263997 DOI: 10.1021/ac203009s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a new mass spectrometry (MS) based approach for continuous, spatially resolved in vitro biochemical detection and demonstrated its utility in a 3-D cell culture system. Extracellular liquid is passively extracted at a low flow rate (~10 nL/s) through a small bore silica capillary (ID 50 μm); inline microdialysis (MD) removes ions that would interfere with mass spectrometric analysis, and the sample is ionized by nanoelectrospray ionization (nano-ESI) and mass analyzed in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The system successfully detects low-volume, low-concentration releases of a small protein (8 μL of 5 μM cytochrome-c, molecular mass ~12 kDa) and exhibits ~1 min temporal resolution. The system also displays sensitivity to probe proximity to the sample release point. Due to the sensitivity of ESI-MS and its ability to simultaneously detect and identify multiple unanticipated biochemicals, this approach shows considerable potential as a biomarker discovery tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Olivero
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Wei S, Gao J, Wu W, Ji Z, Zhang J. Simultaneous identification of multiple celangulins from the root bark of Celastrus angulatus using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2012; 23:23-33. [PMID: 21520311 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Celangulins are a small family of β-dihydroagarofuran sesquiterpenoids endowed with diverse polyoxygenated polyol esters and various biological properties. Since our research focuses on celangulins, the development of rapid and sensitive online analytical methods to analyse and characterise them is of great significance. OBJECTIVE To develop an HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS method capable of simple and rapid analysis of celangulins in crude extract of root bark of C. angulatus extracts. METHODOLOGY High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry was established for the efficient and rapid identification of the celangulins. Chromatographic separations of celangulins were performed on a Hypersil Gold C(18) reverse-phase column by gradient elution with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase at a flow-rate 0.2 mL/min. RESULTS ESI/MS/MS analysis of sodium adduct ion ([M + Na](+) ) of each celangulin shows that all the celangulins produced very similar fragmentation profiles, and that the characteristic fragments at m/z 245, m/z 229 and m/z 231 were defined as the diagnostic ions for celangulins. Simultaneously, 46 components in the extracts of this plant were separated, and 36 of them were characterised as celangulins by online ESI/MS/MS and by comparing their retention times, UV and MS spectra with those of authentic compounds. CONCLUSION HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS was demonstrated to be a powerful tool for the characterisation of minor celangulins in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Wei
- Institute of Pesticide Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China
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Banerjee S, Mazumdar S. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: a technique to access the information beyond the molecular weight of the analyte. Int J Anal Chem 2011; 2012:282574. [PMID: 22611397 PMCID: PMC3348530 DOI: 10.1155/2012/282574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Electrospray Ionization (ESI) is a soft ionization technique extensively used for production of gas phase ions (without fragmentation) of thermally labile large supramolecules. In the present review we have described the development of Electrospray Ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) during the last 25 years in the study of various properties of different types of biological molecules. There have been extensive studies on the mechanism of formation of charged gaseous species by the ESI. Several groups have investigated the origin and implications of the multiple charge states of proteins observed in the ESI-mass spectra of the proteins. The charged analytes produced by ESI can be fragmented by activating them in the gas-phase, and thus tandem mass spectrometry has been developed, which provides very important insights on the structural properties of the molecule. The review will highlight recent developments and emerging directions in this fascinating area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibdas Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Shyamalava Mazumdar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
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Xu F, Zou L, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Ong CN. Enhancement of the capabilities of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with derivatization: general principles and applications. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1143-1172. [PMID: 21557289 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The integration of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with derivatization is a relatively new and unique strategy that could add value and could enhance the capabilities of LC-MS-based technologies. The derivatization process could be carried out in various analytical steps, for example, sampling, storage, sample preparation, HPLC separation, and MS detection. This review presents an overview of derivatization-based LC-MS strategy over the past 10 years and covers both the general principles and applications in the fields of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, biomarker and metabolomic research, environmental analysis, and food-safety evaluation. The underlying mechanisms and theories for derivative reagent selection are summarized and highlighted to guide future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguo Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, Singapore
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Chen HJC. Analysis of DNA adducts in human samples: Acrolein-derived exocyclic DNA adducts as an example. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1391-400. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kim SM, Kang SW, Jeon JS, Jung YJ, Kim CY, Pan CH, Um BH. Rapid identification and evaluation of antioxidant compounds from extracts of Petasites japonicus by hyphenated-HPLC techniques. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:199-207. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Min Kim
- Functional Food Center; KIST Gangneung Institute; Gangwon; 210-340; Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Woo Kang
- Functional Food Center; KIST Gangneung Institute; Gangwon; 210-340; Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Chul Young Kim
- Functional Food Center; KIST Gangneung Institute; Gangwon; 210-340; Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Pan
- Functional Food Center; KIST Gangneung Institute; Gangwon; 210-340; Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hun Um
- Functional Food Center; KIST Gangneung Institute; Gangwon; 210-340; Republic of Korea
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Beyer J, Jonsson G, Porte C, Krahn MM, Ariese F. Analytical methods for determining metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutants in fish bile: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 30:224-44. [PMID: 21787655 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites in bile can serve as a tool for assessing environmental PAH exposure in fish. Biliary PAH metabolite levels can be measured using several analytical methods, including simple fluorescence assays (fixed fluorescence detection or synchronous fluorescence spectrometry); high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-F); gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after deconjugation, extraction and derivatization of the bile sample, and finally by advanced liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) methods. The method alternatives are highly different both with regard to their analytical performance towards different PAH metabolite structures as well as in general technical demands and their suitability for different monitoring strategies. In the present review, the state-of-the-art for these different analytical methods is presented and the advantages and limitations of each approach as well as aspects related to analytical quality control and inter-laboratory comparability of data and availability of certified reference materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonny Beyer
- IRIS - International Research Institute of Stavanger, N-4068 Stavanger, Norway; University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
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Dams R, Bernabe E, Nicoletti A, Loda C, Martini L, Papini D. Quantitation of a de-fluorinated analogue of casopitant mesylate by normal-phase liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:2650-2654. [PMID: 20740542 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of Quality by Design (QbD) in Drug Development has resulted in a greater emphasis on chemical process understanding, in particular on the origin and fate of impurities. Therefore, the identification and quantitation of low level impurities in new Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) play a crucial role in project progression and this has created a greater need for sensitive and selective analytical methodology. Consequently, scientists are constantly challenged to look for new applications of traditional analytical techniques. In this context a normal-phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) method was developed to determine the amount of a de-fluorinated analogue impurity in Casopitant Mesylate, a new API under development in GlaxoSmithKline, Verona. Normal-phase LC provided the selectivity needed between our target analyte and Casopitant, while a single quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to ensure the sensitivity needed to detect the impurity at <0.05%w/w. Standard solutions and samples were prepared in heptane/ethanol (50:50, v/v) containing 1% of 2 M NH(3) in ethanol; the mobile phase consisted of heptane/ethanol (95:5, v/v) with isocratic elution (flow rate: 1.0 mL/min, total run time: 23 min). To allow the formation of ions in solutions under normal-phase (apolar) conditions, a post-column infusion of a solution of 0.1% v/v of formic acid in methanol was applied (flow rate: 200 microL/min). The analysis was carried out in positive ion mode, monitoring the impurity by single ion monitoring (SIM). The method was fully validated and its applicability was demonstrated by the analysis of real-life samples. This work is an example of the need for selective and accurate methodology during the development of a new chemical entity in order to develop an appropriate control strategy for impurities to ultimately ensure patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riet Dams
- Analytical Sciences, Chemical Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy.
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Glossary of terms for separations coupled to mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3922-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Li H, Wang XH, Tang F, Yang J, Ding L. Separation of Ions from Volatile Organic Compounds Using High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometer. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/23/02/125-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lestari MLAD, Indrayanto G. Rocuronium bromide. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2010; 35:285-308. [PMID: 22469224 DOI: 10.1016/s1871-5125(10)35006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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Chen HJC, Lin WP. Simultaneous quantification of 1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts derived from acrolein and crotonaldehyde in human placenta and leukocytes by isotope dilution nanoflow LC nanospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2010; 81:9812-8. [PMID: 19899782 DOI: 10.1021/ac9019472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to acrolein and crotonaldehyde due to environmental pollution and endogenous lipid peroxidation. These aldehydes react with the 2'-deoxyguanosine moiety of DNA, forming the exocyclic 1,N2-propano-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts AdG and CdG. These adducts are mutagenic lesions, and they play an important role in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, a highly sensitive and quantitative assay was developed for simultaneous detection and quantification of AdG and CdG isomers in human placenta and leukocyte DNA by isotope dilution nanoflow LC with nanospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-NSI/MS/MS). The on-column detection limits (S/N > or = 3) of AdG and CdG were 15 and 8.9 amol, respectively. The quantification limits of AdG and CdG for the entire assay were 619 and 297 amol, respectively, corresponding to 9.8 and 4.7 adducts in 10(9) normal nucleotides, respectively, starting with 20 microg of DNA. Different enzyme hydrolysis methods were compared, and the optimal hydrolysis conditions were employed for the assay. Levels of AdG and CdG in human placental DNA (20 microg) were 108 and 26 in 10(8) normal nucleotides, respectively, with the respective relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.6% and 3.1% (n = 3). Levels of AdG and CdG in 9 human leukocyte DNA samples were 78 +/- 23 (mean +/- SD) and 6.2 +/- 3.8 (mean +/- SD) in 10(8) normal nucleotides, respectively, starting from 30 microg of DNA. Using this assay, only 4-6 microg of DNA sample was subjected to this nanoLC-NSI/MS/MS system for analysis. Only 1-1.5 mL of blood is needed for measuring AdG and CdG levels in leukocyte DNA. Thus, it is clinically feasible using this highly sensitive assay to investigate the potential of using these adducts as noninvasive biomarkers for DNA damage resulting from acrolein and crotonaldehyde and to study their roles in cancer development and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauh-Jyun Candy Chen
- 168 University Road, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Ming-Hsiung, Chia-Yi, Taiwan.
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