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Moore BD, Ran Y, Goodwin MS, Komatineni K, McFarland KN, Dillon K, Charles C, Ryu D, Liu X, Prokop S, Giasson BI, Golde TE, Levites Y. A C1qTNF3 collagen domain fusion chaperones diverse secreted proteins and anti-Aβ scFvs: Applications for gene therapies. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101146. [PMID: 38027063 PMCID: PMC10679951 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing production of protein cargoes delivered by gene therapies can improve efficacy by reducing the amount of vector or simply increasing transgene expression levels. We explored the utility of a 126-amino acid collagen domain (CD) derived from the C1qTNF3 protein as a fusion partner to chaperone secreted proteins, extracellular "decoy receptor" domains, and single-chain variable fragments (scFvs). Fusions to the CD domain result in multimerization and enhanced levels of secretion of numerous fusion proteins while maintaining functionality. Efficient creation of bifunctional proteins using the CD domain is also demonstrated. Recombinant adeno-associated viral vector delivery of the CD with a signal peptide resulted in high-level expression with minimal biological impact as assessed by whole-brain transcriptomics. As a proof-of-concept in vivo study, we evaluated three different anti-amyloid Aβ scFvs (anti-Aβ scFvs), alone or expressed as CD fusions, following viral delivery to neonatal CRND8 mice. The CD fusion increased half-life, expression levels, and improved efficacy for amyloid lowering of a weaker binding anti-Aβ scFv. These studies validate the potential utility of this small CD as a fusion partner for secretory cargoes delivered by gene therapy and demonstrate that it is feasible to use this CD fusion to create biotherapeutic molecules with enhanced avidity or bifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda D. Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yong Ran
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marshall S. Goodwin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kavitha Komatineni
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karen N. McFarland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kristy Dillon
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Caleb Charles
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Danny Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xuefei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Benoit I. Giasson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd E. Golde
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yona Levites
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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2
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Wojtowicz WM, Vielmetter J, Fernandes RA, Siepe DH, Eastman CL, Chisholm GB, Cox S, Klock H, Anderson PW, Rue SM, Miller JJ, Glaser SM, Bragstad ML, Vance J, Lam AW, Lesley SA, Zinn K, Garcia KC. A Human IgSF Cell-Surface Interactome Reveals a Complex Network of Protein-Protein Interactions. Cell 2021; 182:1027-1043.e17. [PMID: 32822567 PMCID: PMC7440162 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell-surface protein-protein interactions (PPIs) mediate cell-cell communication, recognition, and responses. We executed an interactome screen of 564 human cell-surface and secreted proteins, most of which are immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) proteins, using a high-throughput, automated ELISA-based screening platform employing a pooled-protein strategy to test all 318,096 PPI combinations. Screen results, augmented by phylogenetic homology analysis, revealed ∼380 previously unreported PPIs. We validated a subset using surface plasmon resonance and cell binding assays. Observed PPIs reveal a large and complex network of interactions both within and across biological systems. We identified new PPIs for receptors with well-characterized ligands and binding partners for “orphan” receptors. New PPIs include proteins expressed on multiple cell types and involved in diverse processes including immune and nervous system development and function, differentiation/proliferation, metabolism, vascularization, and reproduction. These PPIs provide a resource for further biological investigation into their functional relevance and may offer new therapeutic drug targets. Human IgSF interactome reveals complex network of cell-surface protein interactions Phylogenetic homology analysis predicts protein-protein interactions ∼380 previously unknown protein-protein interactions identified Deorphanization of receptors and new binding partners for well-studied receptors
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Affiliation(s)
- Woj M Wojtowicz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Jost Vielmetter
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ricardo A Fernandes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dirk H Siepe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Catharine L Eastman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gregory B Chisholm
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Sarah Cox
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Heath Klock
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Paul W Anderson
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sarah M Rue
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jessica J Miller
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Scott M Glaser
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Melisa L Bragstad
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Julie Vance
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Annie W Lam
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Scott A Lesley
- The Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Kai Zinn
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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3
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Jiang C, Trudeau SJ, Cheong TC, Guo R, Teng M, Wang LW, Wang Z, Pighi C, Gautier-Courteille C, Ma Y, Jiang S, Wang C, Zhao B, Paillard L, Doench JG, Chiarle R, Gewurz BE. CRISPR/Cas9 Screens Reveal Multiple Layers of B cell CD40 Regulation. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1307-1322.e8. [PMID: 31365872 PMCID: PMC6684324 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD40 has major roles in B cell development, activation, and germinal center responses. CD40 hypoactivity causes immunodeficiency whereas its overexpression causes autoimmunity and lymphomagenesis. To systematically identify B cell autonomous CD40 regulators, we use CRISPR/Cas9 genome-scale screens in Daudi B cells stimulated by multimeric CD40 ligand. These highlight known CD40 pathway components and reveal multiple additional mechanisms regulating CD40. The nuclear ubiquitin ligase FBXO11 supports CD40 expression by targeting repressors CTBP1 and BCL6. FBXO11 knockout decreases primary B cell CD40 abundance and impairs class-switch recombination, suggesting that frequent lymphoma monoallelic FBXO11 mutations may balance BCL6 increase with CD40 loss. At the mRNA level, CELF1 controls exon splicing critical for CD40 activity, while the N6-adenosine methyltransferase WTAP negatively regulates CD40 mRNA abundance. At the protein level, ESCRT negatively regulates activated CD40 levels while the negative feedback phosphatase DUSP10 limits downstream MAPK responses. These results serve as a resource for future studies and highlight potential therapeutic targets. CD40 is critical for B cell development, germinal center formation, somatic hypermutation, and class-switch recombination. Increased CD40 abundance is associated with autoimmunity and cancer, whereas CD40 hypoactivity causes immunodeficiency. Jiang et al. performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen to reveal key B cell factors that control CD40 abundance and that regulate CD40 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen J Trudeau
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Taek-Chin Cheong
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rui Guo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mingxiang Teng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Liang Wei Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhonghao Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chiara Pighi
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Carole Gautier-Courteille
- Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Yijie Ma
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Graduate Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chong Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luc Paillard
- Biosit, Université de Rennes 1, 35043 Rennes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Roberto Chiarle
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Benjamin E Gewurz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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4
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Kowalczyk-Quintas C, Chevalley D, Willen L, Jandus C, Vigolo M, Schneider P. Inhibition of Membrane-Bound BAFF by the Anti-BAFF Antibody Belimumab. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2698. [PMID: 30524439 PMCID: PMC6256835 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF, also known as BLyS), a cytokine that regulates homeostasis of peripheral B cells, is elevated in the circulation of patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). BAFF is synthetized as a membrane-bound protein that can be processed to a soluble form after cleavage at a furin consensus sequence, a site that in principle can be recognized by any of the several proteases of the pro-protein convertase family. Belimumab is a human antibody approved for the treatment of SLE, often cited as specific for the soluble form of BAFF. Here we show in different experimental systems, including in a monocytic cell line (U937) that naturally expresses BAFF, that belimumab binds to membrane-bound BAFF with similar EC50 as the positive control atacicept, which is a decoy receptor for both BAFF and the related cytokine APRIL (a proliferation inducing ligand). In U937 cells, binding of both reagents was only detectable in furin-deficient U937 cells, showing that furin is the main BAFF processing protease in these cells. In CHO cells expressing membrane-bound BAFF lacking the stalk region, belimumab inhibited the activity of membrane-bound BAFF less efficiently than atacicept, while in furin-deficient U937 cells, belimumab inhibited membrane-bound BAFF and residual soluble BAFF as efficiently as atacicept. These reagents did not activate complement or antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity upon binding to membrane-bound BAFF in vitro. In conclusion, our data show that belimumab can inhibit membrane-bound BAFF, and that BAFF in U937 cells is processed by furin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dehlia Chevalley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Willen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Jandus
- Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Vigolo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Schneider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Dufour F, Rattier T, Constantinescu AA, Zischler L, Morlé A, Ben Mabrouk H, Humblin E, Jacquemin G, Szegezdi E, Delacote F, Marrakchi N, Guichard G, Pellat-Deceunynck C, Vacher P, Legembre P, Garrido C, Micheau O. TRAIL receptor gene editing unveils TRAIL-R1 as a master player of apoptosis induced by TRAIL and ER stress. Oncotarget 2018; 8:9974-9985. [PMID: 28039489 PMCID: PMC5354785 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAIL induces selective tumor cell death through TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2. Despite the fact that these receptors share high structural homologies, induction of apoptosis upon ER stress, cell autonomous motility and invasion have solely been described to occur through TRAIL-R2. Using the TALEN gene-editing approach, we show that TRAIL-R1 can also induce apoptosis during unresolved unfolded protein response (UPR). Likewise, TRAIL-R1 was found to co-immunoprecipitate with FADD and caspase-8 during ER stress. Its deficiency conferred resistance to apoptosis induced by thaspigargin, tunicamycin or brefeldin A. Our data also demonstrate that tumor cell motility and invasion-induced by TRAIL-R2 is not cell autonomous but induced in a TRAIL-dependant manner. TRAIL-R1, on the other hand, is unable to trigger cell migration owing to its inability to induce an increase in calcium flux. Importantly, all the isogenic cell lines generated in this study revealed that apoptosis induced TRAIL is preferentially induced by TRAIL-R1. Taken together, our results provide novel insights into the physiological functions of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 and suggest that targeting TRAIL-R1 for anticancer therapy is likely to be more appropriate owing to its lack of pro-motile signaling capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Dufour
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Thibault Rattier
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Andrei Alexandru Constantinescu
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Luciana Zischler
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Pós-graduação emCiências da Saúde, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Univ. Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aymeric Morlé
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Hazem Ben Mabrouk
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR11IPT08, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Etienne Humblin
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Guillaume Jacquemin
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Eva Szegezdi
- Department of Biochemistry and National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Naziha Marrakchi
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques LR11IPT08, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Gilles Guichard
- Univ. de Bordeaux, CNRS, IPB, UMR 5248, CBMN, Institut Européen de Chimie et de Biologie, Pessac, France
| | | | - Pierre Vacher
- INSERM U1218, Univ. de Bordeaux, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- CLCC Eugène Marquis, INSERM ER440 Oncogenesis, Stress & Signaling, Rennes, France
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Olivier Micheau
- INSERM, UMR866, Equipe labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France.,Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.,Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
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6
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Belkahla H, Herlem G, Picaud F, Gharbi T, Hémadi M, Ammar S, Micheau O. TRAIL-NP hybrids for cancer therapy: a review. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:5755-5768. [PMID: 28443893 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr01469d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a worldwide health problem. It is now considered as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. In the last few decades, considerable progress has been made in anti-cancer therapies, allowing the cure of patients suffering from this disease, or at least helping to prolong their lives. Several cancers, such as those of the lung and pancreas, are still devastating in the absence of therapeutic options. In the early 90s, TRAIL (Tumor Necrosis Factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), a cytokine belonging to the TNF superfamily, attracted major interest in oncology owing to its selective anti-tumor properties. Clinical trials using soluble TRAIL or antibodies targeting the two main agonist receptors (TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2) have, however, failed to demonstrate their efficacy in the clinic. TRAIL is expressed on the surface of natural killer or CD8+ T activated cells and contributes to tumor surveillance. Nanoparticles functionalized with TRAIL mimic membrane-TRAIL and exhibit stronger antitumoral properties than soluble TRAIL or TRAIL receptor agonist antibodies. This review provides an update on the association and the use of nanoparticles associated with TRAIL for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Belkahla
- Nanomedicine Lab, EA 4662, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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7
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Wajant H. Principles of antibody-mediated TNF receptor activation. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1727-41. [PMID: 26292758 PMCID: PMC4648319 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
From the beginning of research on receptors of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily (TNFRSF), agonistic antibodies have been used to stimulate TNFRSF receptors in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, CD95, one of the first cloned TNFRSF receptors, was solely identified as the target of cell death-inducing antibodies. Early on, it became evident from in vitro studies that valency and Fcγ receptor (FcγR) binding of antibodies targeting TNFRSF receptors can be of crucial relevance for agonistic activity. TNFRSF receptor-specific antibodies of the IgM subclass and secondary cross-linked or aggregation prone dimeric antibodies typically display superior agonistic activity compared with dimeric antibodies. Likewise, anchoring of antibodies to cell surface-expressed FcγRs potentiate their ability to trigger TNFRSF receptor signaling. However, only recently has the relevance of oligomerization and FcγR binding for the in vivo activity of antibody-induced TNFRSF receptor activation been straightforwardly demonstrated in vivo. This review discusses the crucial role of oligomerization and/or FcγR binding for antibody-mediated TNFRSF receptor stimulation in light of current models of TNFRSF receptor activation and especially the overwhelming relevance of these issues for the rational development of therapeutic TNFRSF receptor-targeting antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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8
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Boruah BM, Liu D, Ye D, Gu TJ, Jiang CL, Qu M, Wright E, Wang W, He W, Liu C, Gao B. Single domain antibody multimers confer protection against rabies infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71383. [PMID: 23977032 PMCID: PMC3748109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-exposure prophylactic (PEP) neutralizing antibodies against Rabies are the most effective way to prevent infection-related fatality. The outer envelope glycoprotein of the Rabies virus (RABV) is the most significant surface antigen for generating virus-neutralizing antibodies. The small size and uncompromised functional specificity of single domain antibodies (sdAbs) can be exploited in the fields of experimental therapeutic applications for infectious diseases through formatting flexibilities to increase their avidity towards target antigens. In this study, we used phage display technique to select and identify sdAbs that were specific for the RABV glycoprotein from a naïve llama-derived antibody library. To increase their neutralizing potencies, the sdAbs were fused with a coiled-coil peptide derived from the human cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP48) to form homogenous pentavalent multimers, known as combodies. Compared to monovalent sdAbs, the combodies, namely 26424 and 26434, exhibited high avidity and were able to neutralize 85-fold higher input of RABV (CVS-11 strain) pseudotypes in vitro, as a result of multimerization, while retaining their specificities for target antigen. 26424 and 26434 were capable of neutralizing CVS-11 pseudotypes in vitro by 90–95% as compared to human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG), currently used for PEP in Rabies. The multimeric sdAbs were also demonstrated to be partially protective for mice that were infected with lethal doses of rabies virus in vivo. The results demonstrate that the combodies could be valuable tools in understanding viral mechanisms, diagnosis and possible anti-viral candidate for RABV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi M. Boruah
- CAS Key Laboratory for Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Duan Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tie-jun Gu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-lai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingsheng Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Edward Wright
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Biochemistry Teaching and Research Office, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Changzhen Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology (CASPMI), Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Joint Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Özkan E, Carrillo RA, Eastman CL, Weiszmann R, Waghray D, Johnson KG, Zinn K, Celniker SE, Garcia KC. An extracellular interactome of immunoglobulin and LRR proteins reveals receptor-ligand networks. Cell 2013; 154:228-39. [PMID: 23827685 PMCID: PMC3756661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular domains of cell surface receptors and ligands mediate cell-cell communication, adhesion, and initiation of signaling events, but most existing protein-protein "interactome" data sets lack information for extracellular interactions. We probed interactions between receptor extracellular domains, focusing on a set of 202 proteins composed of the Drosophila melanogaster immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), fibronectin type III (FnIII), and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) families, which are known to be important in neuronal and developmental functions. Out of 20,503 candidate protein pairs tested, we observed 106 interactions, 83 of which were previously unknown. We "deorphanized" the 20 member subfamily of defective-in-proboscis-response IgSF proteins, showing that they selectively interact with an 11 member subfamily of previously uncharacterized IgSF proteins. Both subfamilies interact with a single common "orphan" LRR protein. We also observed interactions between Hedgehog and EGFR pathway components. Several of these interactions could be visualized in live-dissected embryos, demonstrating that this approach can identify physiologically relevant receptor-ligand pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Özkan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert A. Carrillo
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Catharine L. Eastman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Richard Weiszmann
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Berkeley Genome Project, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Deepa Waghray
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karl G. Johnson
- Department of Biology, and Neuroscience, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA
| | - Kai Zinn
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Susan E. Celniker
- Department of Genome Dynamics, Berkeley Genome Project, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, and Structural Biology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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10
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Abstract
Thrombospondins are evolutionarily conserved, calcium-binding glycoproteins that undergo transient or longer-term interactions with other extracellular matrix components. They share properties with other matrix molecules, cytokines, adaptor proteins, and chaperones, modulate the organization of collagen fibrils, and bind and localize an array of growth factors or proteases. At cell surfaces, interactions with an array of receptors activate cell-dependent signaling and phenotypic outcomes. Through these dynamic, pleiotropic, and context-dependent pathways, mammalian thrombospondins contribute to wound healing and angiogenesis, vessel wall biology, connective tissue organization, and synaptogenesis. We overview the domain organization and structure of thrombospondins, key features of their evolution, and their cell biology. We discuss their roles in vivo, associations with human disease, and ongoing translational applications. In many respects, we are only beginning to appreciate the important roles of these proteins in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
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11
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Silvian LF, Friedman JE, Strauch K, Cachero TG, Day ES, Qian F, Cunningham B, Fung A, Sun L, Shipps GW, Su L, Zheng Z, Kumaravel G, Whitty A. Small molecule inhibition of the TNF family cytokine CD40 ligand through a subunit fracture mechanism. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:636-47. [PMID: 21417339 PMCID: PMC3415792 DOI: 10.1021/cb2000346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BIO8898 is one of several synthetic organic molecules that have recently been reported to inhibit receptor binding and function of the constitutively trimeric tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family cytokine CD40 ligand (CD40L, aka CD154). Small molecule inhibitors of protein-protein interfaces are relatively rare, and their discovery is often very challenging. Therefore, to understand how BIO8898 achieves this feat, we characterized its mechanism of action using biochemical assays and X-ray crystallography. BIO8898 inhibited soluble CD40L binding to CD40-Ig with a potency of IC(50) = 25 μM and inhibited CD40L-dependent apoptosis in a cellular assay. A co-crystal structure of BIO8898 with CD40L revealed that one inhibitor molecule binds per protein trimer. Surprisingly, the compound binds not at the surface of the protein but by intercalating deeply between two subunits of the homotrimeric cytokine, disrupting a constitutive protein-protein interface and breaking the protein's 3-fold symmetry. The compound forms several hydrogen bonds with the protein, within an otherwise hydrophobic binding pocket. In addition to the translational splitting of the trimer, binding of BIO8898 was accompanied by additional local and longer-range conformational perturbations of the protein, both in the core and in a surface loop. Binding of BIO8898 is reversible, and the resulting complex is stable and does not lead to detectable dissociation of the protein trimer. Our results suggest that a set of core aromatic residues that are conserved across a subset of TNF family cytokines might represent a generic hot-spot for the induced-fit binding of trimer-disrupting small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F. Silvian
- Department of Drug Discovery, Biogen Idec, 12 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.
,To whom correspondence should be addressed: ,
| | - Jessica E. Friedman
- Department of Drug Discovery, Biogen Idec, 12 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.
| | - Kathy Strauch
- Department of Drug Discovery, Biogen Idec, 12 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.
| | - Teresa G. Cachero
- Department of Drug Discovery, Biogen Idec, 12 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.
| | - Eric S. Day
- Department of Drug Discovery, Biogen Idec, 12 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.
| | - Fang Qian
- Department of Drug Discovery, Biogen Idec, 12 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.
| | - Brian Cunningham
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated, 341 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080.
| | - Amy Fung
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated, 341 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080.
| | - Lihong Sun
- Department of Drug Discovery, Biogen Idec, 12 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.
| | - Gerald W. Shipps
- Neogenesis Pharmaceuticals Inc., 840 Memorial Dr., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Lihe Su
- Department of Drug Discovery, Biogen Idec, 12 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.
| | - Zhongli Zheng
- Department of Drug Discovery, Biogen Idec, 12 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142.
| | | | - Adrian Whitty
- Boston University, Department of Chemistry, Metcalf Center for Science and Engineering, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215.
,To whom correspondence should be addressed: ,
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12
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High-throughput identification of transient extracellular protein interactions. Biochem Soc Trans 2010; 38:919-22. [DOI: 10.1042/bst0380919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein interactions are highly diverse in their biochemical nature, varying in affinity and are often dependent on the surrounding biochemical environment. Given this heterogeneity, it seems unlikely that any one method, and particularly those capable of screening for many protein interactions in parallel, will be able to detect all functionally relevant interactions that occur within a living cell. One major class of interactions that are not detected by current popular high-throughput methods are those that occur in the extracellular environment, especially those made by membrane-embedded receptor proteins. In the present article, we discuss some of our recent research in the development of a scalable assay to identify this class of protein interaction and some of the findings from its application in the construction of extracellular protein interaction networks.
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13
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The role of FasL and Fas in health and disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 647:64-93. [PMID: 19760067 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-89520-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The FS7-associated cell surface antigen (Fas, also named CD95, APO-1 or TNFRSF6) attracted considerable interest in the field of apoptosis research since its discovery in 1989. The groups of Shin Yonehara and Peter Krammer were the first reporting extensive apoptotic cell death induction upon treating cells with Fas-specific monoclonal antibodies.1,2 Cloning of Fas3 and its ligand,4,5 FasL (also known as CD178, CD95L or TNFSF6), laid the cornerstone in establishing this receptor-ligand system as a central regulator of apoptosis in mammals. Therapeutic exploitation of FasL-Fas-mediated cytotoxicity was soon an ambitous goal and during the last decade numerous strategies have been developed for its realization. In this chapter, we will briefly introduce essential general aspects of the FasL-Fas system before reviewing its physiological and pathophysiological relevance. Finally, FasL-Fas-related therapeutic tools and concepts will be addressed.
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14
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Wright GJ. Signal initiation in biological systems: the properties and detection of transient extracellular protein interactions. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2010; 5:1405-12. [PMID: 19593473 PMCID: PMC2898632 DOI: 10.1039/b903580j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular glycoprotein interactions are not detected by most high throughput assays creating “blind-spots” in protein interaction maps. This review examines this problem and discusses recent advances that have begun to address it.
Individual cells within biological systems frequently coordinate their functions through signals initiated by specific extracellular protein interactions involving receptors that bridge the cellular membrane. Due to their biochemical nature, these membrane-embedded receptor proteins are difficult to manipulate and their interactions are characterised by very weak binding strengths that cannot be detected using popular high throughput assays. This review will provide a general outline of the biochemical attributes of receptor proteins focussing in particular on the biophysical properties of their transient interactions. Methods that are able to detect these weak extracellular binding events and especially those that can be used for identifying novel interactions will be compared. Finally, I discuss the feasibility of constructing a complete and accurate extracellular protein interaction map, and the methods that are likely to be useful in achieving this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J Wright
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
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15
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16
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Chatzigeorgiou A, Lyberi M, Chatzilymperis G, Nezos A, Kamper E. CD40/CD40L signaling and its implication in health and disease. Biofactors 2009; 35:474-83. [PMID: 19904719 DOI: 10.1002/biof.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CD40, a transmembrane receptor of the tumor necrosis factor gene superfamily is expressed on a variety of cells, such as monocytes, B-cells, antigen presenting cells, endothelial, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. The interaction between CD40 and CD40 ligand (CD40L) enhances the expression of cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, growth factors, and adhesion molecules, mainly through the stimulation of nuclear factor kappa B. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular and cellular characteristics of CD40 and CD40L, the mechanisms that regulate their expression, the cellular responses they stimulate and finally their implication in the pathophysiology of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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17
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Swee LK, Ingold-Salamin K, Tardivel A, Willen L, Gaide O, Favre M, Demotz S, Mikkola M, Schneider P. Biological activity of ectodysplasin A is conditioned by its collagen and heparan sulfate proteoglycan-binding domains. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:27567-76. [PMID: 19657145 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.042259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the TNF family ligand EDA1 cause X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), a condition characterized by defective development of skin appendages. The EDA1 protein displays a proteolytic processing site responsible for its conversion to a soluble form, a collagen domain, and a trimeric TNF homology domain (THD) that binds the receptor EDAR. In-frame deletions in the collagen domain reduced the thermal stability of EDA1. Removal of the collagen domain decreased its activity about 100-fold, as measured with natural and engineered EDA1-responsive cell lines. The collagen domain could be functionally replaced by multimerization domains or by cross-linking antibodies, suggesting that it functions as an oligomerization unit. Surprisingly, mature soluble EDA1 containing the collagen domain was poorly active when administered in newborn, EDA-deficient (Tabby) mice. This was due to a short stretch of basic amino acids located at the N terminus of the collagen domain that confers EDA1 with proteoglycan binding ability. In contrast to wild-type EDA1, EDA1 with mutations in this basic sequence was a potent inducer of tail hair development in vivo. Thus, the collagen domain activates EDA1 by multimerization, whereas the proteoglycan-binding domain may restrict the distribution of endogeneous EDA1 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kim Swee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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18
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Abstract
Once articular cartilage is injured, it has a very limited capacity for self repair. Although current surgical therapeutic procedures for cartilage repair are clinically useful, they cannot restore a normal articular surface. Current research offers a growing number of bioactive reagents, including proteins and nucleic acids, that may be used to augment various aspects of the repair process. As these agents are difficult to administer effectively, gene-transfer approaches are being developed to provide their sustained synthesis at sites of repair. To augment regeneration of articular cartilage, therapeutic genes can be delivered to the synovium or directly to the cartilage lesion. Gene delivery to the cells of the synovial lining is generally considered more suitable for chondroprotective approaches, based on the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Gene transfer targeted at cartilage defects can be achieved by either direct vector administration to cells located at or surrounding the defects, or by transplantation of genetically modified chondrogenic cells into the defect. Several studies have shown that exogenous cDNAs encoding growth factors can be delivered locally to sites of cartilage damage, where they are expressed at therapeutically relevant levels. Furthermore, data is beginning to emerge indicating that efficient delivery and expression of these genes is capable of influencing a repair response toward the synthesis of a more hyaline cartilage repair tissue in vivo. This review presents the current status of gene therapy for cartilage healing and highlights some of the remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre F. Steinert
- Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research König-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Nöth
- Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research König-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rocky S. Tuan
- Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
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19
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Bushell KM, Söllner C, Schuster-Boeckler B, Bateman A, Wright GJ. Large-scale screening for novel low-affinity extracellular protein interactions. Genome Res 2008; 18:622-30. [PMID: 18296487 DOI: 10.1101/gr.7187808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular protein-protein interactions are essential for both intercellular communication and cohesion within multicellular organisms. Approximately a fifth of human genes encode membrane-tethered or secreted proteins, but they are largely absent from recent large-scale protein interaction datasets, making current interaction networks biased and incomplete. This discrepancy is due to the unsuitability of popular high-throughput methods to detect extracellular interactions because of the biochemical intractability of membrane proteins and their interactions. For example, cell surface proteins contain insoluble hydrophobic transmembrane regions, and their extracellular interactions are often highly transient, having half-lives of less than a second. To detect transient extracellular interactions on a large scale, we developed AVEXIS (avidity-based extracellular interaction screen), a high-throughput assay that overcomes these technical issues and can detect very transient interactions (half-lives <or= 0.1 sec) with a low false-positive rate. We used it to systematically screen for receptor-ligand pairs within the zebrafish immunoglobulin superfamily and identified novel ligands for both well-known and orphan receptors. Genes encoding receptor-ligand pairs were often clustered phylogenetically and expressed in the same or adjacent tissues, immediately implying their involvement in similar biological processes. Using AVEXIS, we have determined the first systematic low-affinity extracellular protein interaction network, supported by independent biological data. This technique will now allow large-scale extracellular protein interaction mapping in a broad range of experimental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mark Bushell
- Cell Surface Signalling Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, United Kingdom
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20
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Steinert AF, Ghivizzani SC, Rethwilm A, Tuan RS, Evans CH, Nöth U. Major biological obstacles for persistent cell-based regeneration of articular cartilage. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 9:213. [PMID: 17561986 PMCID: PMC2206353 DOI: 10.1186/ar2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaline articular cartilage, the load-bearing tissue of the joint, has very limited repair and regeneration capacities. The lack of efficient treatment modalities for large chondral defects has motivated attempts to engineer cartilage constructs in vitro by combining cells, scaffold materials and environmental factors, including growth factors, signaling molecules, and physical influences. Despite promising experimental approaches, however, none of the current cartilage repair strategies has generated long lasting hyaline cartilage replacement tissue that meets the functional demands placed upon this tissue in vivo. The reasons for this are diverse and can ultimately result in matrix degradation, differentiation or integration insufficiencies, or loss of the transplanted cells and tissues. This article aims to systematically review the different causes that lead to these impairments, including the lack of appropriate differentiation factors, hypertrophy, senescence, apoptosis, necrosis, inflammation, and mechanical stress. The current conceptual basis of the major biological obstacles for persistent cell-based regeneration of articular cartilage is discussed, as well as future trends to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre F Steinert
- Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, König-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steven C Ghivizzani
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Axel Rethwilm
- Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Ulrich Nöth
- Orthopaedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, König-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians-University, Würzburg, Germany
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21
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Duan J, Wu J, Valencia CA, Liu R. Fibronectin Type III Domain Based Monobody with High Avidity. Biochemistry 2007; 46:12656-64. [DOI: 10.1021/bi701215e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Duan
- School of Pharmacy and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Jinsong Wu
- School of Pharmacy and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - C. Alexander Valencia
- School of Pharmacy and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Rihe Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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22
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Schwaller J, Schneider P, Mhawech-Fauceglia P, McKee T, Myit S, Matthes T, Tschopp J, Donze O, Le Gal FA, Huard B. Neutrophil-derived APRIL concentrated in tumor lesions by proteoglycans correlates with human B-cell lymphoma aggressiveness. Blood 2007; 109:331-8. [PMID: 17190854 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-02-001800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A PRoliferation-Inducing TNF Ligand (APRIL) costimulates B-cell activation. When overexpressed in mice, APRIL induces B-cell neoplasia, reminiscent of human B-cell chronic lymphoid leukemia (B-CLL). We analyzed APRIL expression in situ in human non-Hodgkin lymphomas. APRIL up-regulation was only observed in high-grade B-cell lymphomas, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). Up-regulation was seen in 46% and 20% of DLBCL and BL, respectively. In DLBCL, neutrophils, constitutively producing APRIL and infiltrating the tumor tissue, were the main cellular source of APRIL. Rare DLBCL cases showed a predominance of histiocytes or mesenchymal cells as APRIL source. APRIL secreted by neutrophils accumulated on tumor cells via proteoglycan binding. In addition to proteoglycans, DLBCL tumor cells expressed the APRIL signaling receptor, TACI and/or BCMA, indicating that these tumor cells are fully equipped to respond to APRIL. A retrospective clinical analysis revealed a significant correlation between high expression of APRIL in tumor lesions and decreased overall patient survival rate. Hence, APRIL produced by inflammatory cells infiltrating lymphoma lesions may increase tumor aggressiveness and affect disease outcome.
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MESH Headings
- B-Cell Maturation Antigen/metabolism
- Burkitt Lymphoma/metabolism
- Burkitt Lymphoma/mortality
- Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/mortality
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/mortality
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Proteoglycans/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Analysis
- Transmembrane Activator and CAML Interactor Protein/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 13/physiology
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Juerg Schwaller
- Department of Research, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Watermann I, Gerspach J, Lehne M, Seufert J, Schneider B, Pfizenmaier K, Wajant H. Activation of CD95L fusion protein prodrugs by tumor-associated proteases. Cell Death Differ 2006; 14:765-74. [PMID: 17053806 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4402051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve tumor cell-restricted activation of CD95, we developed a CD95L fusion protein format, in which CD95L activity is only unmasked upon antibody-mediated binding to tumor cells and subsequent processing by tumor-associated proteases, such as matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). On target-negative, but MMP- and uPA-expressing HT1080 tumor cells, the CD95L prodrugs were virtually inactive. On target antigen-expressing HT1080 cells, however, the CD95L prodrugs showed an apoptotic activity comparable to soluble CD95L artificially activated by crosslinking. CD95 activation by the CD95L prodrugs was preceded by prodrug processing. Apoptosis was blocked by inhibitors of MMPs or uPA and by neutralizing antibodies recognizing the targeted cell surface antigen or the CD95L moiety of the prodrugs. In a xenotransplantation tumor model, local application of the prodrug reduced the growth of target antigen-expressing, but not antigen-negative tumor cells, verifying targeted CD95L prodrug activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Watermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Fattah OM, Cloutier SM, Kündig C, Felber LM, Gygi CM, Jichlinski P, Leisinger HJ, Gauthier ER, Mach JP, Deperthes D. Peptabody-EGF: A novel apoptosis inducer targeting ErbB1 receptor overexpressing cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2006; 119:2455-63. [PMID: 16858684 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a central role in cell life by controlling processes such as growth or proliferation. This receptor is commonly overexpressed in a number of epithelial malignancies and its upregulation is often associated with an aggressive phenotype of the tumor. Thus, targeting of EGFR represents a very promising challenge in oncology, and antibodies raised against this receptor have been investigated as potential antitumor agents. Various putative mechanisms of action were proposed for such antibodies, including decreased proliferation, induction of apoptosis, stimulation of the immunological response against targeted cancer cells or combinations thereof. We report here the development of an alternative high affinity molecule that is directed against EGFR. Production of this pentameric protein, named peptabody-EGF, includes expression in a bacterial expression system and subsequent refolding and multimerization of peptabody monomers. The protein complex contains 5 human EGF ligand domains, which confer specific binding towards the extracellular portion of EGFR. Receptor binding of the peptabody-EGF had a strong antiproliferative effect on different cancer cell lines overexpressing EGFR. However, cells expressing constitutive levels of the target receptor were barely affected. Peptabody-EGF treated cancer cells exhibited typical characteristics of apoptosis, which was found to be induced within 30 min after the addition of the peptabody-EGF. In vitro experiments demonstrated a significantly higher binding activity for peptabody-EGF than for the therapeutic monoclonal EGFR antibody Mab-425. Furthermore, the antitumor action provoked by the peptabody-EGF was greatly superior than antibody mediated effects when tested on EGFR overexpressing cancer cell lines. These findings suggest a potential application of this high affinity molecule as a novel tool for anti-EGFR therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Fattah
- Department of Urology, Urology Research Unit, CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
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25
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Hock BD, McKenzie JL, Patton NW, Drayson M, Taylor K, Wakeman C, Kantarjian H, Giles F, Albitar M. Circulating levels and clinical significance of soluble CD40 in patients with hematologic malignancies. Cancer 2006; 106:2148-57. [PMID: 16598754 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD40 plays a critical role in immunoregulation, and CD40 ligation is being investigated as a therapy for hematologic malignancies. Although soluble CD40 (sCD40) is a potential modulator of both antitumor responses and CD40-based therapies, the levels and significance of sCD40 in patients with hematologic malignancies are unknown. METHODS The authors evaluated serum/plasma sCD40 levels using an enzyme-linked immunoassay in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and multiple myeloma (MM). RESULTS Levels of sCD40 were elevated in serum (>1.697 ng/mL) or plasma (>0.649 ng/mL) from 73% of patients with CLL, 80% of patients with MCL, 40% of patients with AML, 43% of patients with MDS, and 33% of patients with MM. Multivariate analysis of patients with MM demonstrated that elevated sCD40 was a significant, independent predictor of poor survival. In multivariate analysis of patients with AML, sCD40 was a significant prognostic factor when the interaction of age and sCD40 was included as a variable. Further analysis demonstrated that elevated sCD86 levels were associated with significantly shorter survival only in AML patients younger than age 64 years. Release of sCD40 by CLL cells was induced by cross-linking with CD40 monoclonal antibody. CONCLUSIONS Many patients with hematologic malignancies have elevated circulating levels of sCD40, and these elevated levels are associated with a poor prognosis at least in patients with MM and AML, suggesting that sCD40 may have a role in modulating antitumor responses and also may be a useful prognostic marker. In addition, the findings suggested that further studies will be required to determine the effect of circulating sCD40 on the clinical effectiveness of CD40-ligating reagents used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- CD40 Ligand/metabolism
- Cohort Studies
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Hematologic Neoplasms/blood
- Hematologic Neoplasms/mortality
- Hematologic Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/blood
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Multivariate Analysis
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/blood
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/mortality
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/pathology
- Prognosis
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Risk Assessment
- Sampling Studies
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Severity of Illness Index
- Solubility
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry D Hock
- Haematology Research Group, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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26
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He XH, Xu LH, Liu Y. Enhancement of binding activity of soluble human CD40 to CD40 ligand through incorporation of an isoleucine zipper motif. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2006; 27:333-8. [PMID: 16490170 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2006.00285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of incorporation of an isoleucine zipper (IZ) motif into CD40 on binding activity of CD40 for the CD40 ligand (CD40L). METHODS Prokaryotic expression vectors for 2 soluble CD40 derivatives, shCD40His and shCD40IZ containing an IZ domain, were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant proteins were purified to homogeneity after refolding from inclusion bodies. Their molecular weights in solution of shCD40His and shCD40IZ were compared by size-exclusion chromatography, and their binding activity for CD40L on Jurkat T cells was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS shCD40His and shCD40IZ were generated. Both of them possessed significant binding activity for the cognate ligand CD40L expressed on the cell surface. shCD40IZ had much higher binding activity to its ligand (CD40L) than did shCD40His. Furthermore, size-exclusion chromatography demonstrated that shCD40IZ existed in high molecular mass forms that were most likely to be trimers in solution. CONCLUSION Incorporation of an IZ motif into CD40 enhances its binding activity for CD40L through trimerization of the CD40 derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-hui He
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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27
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Cebecauer M, Guillaume P, Hozák P, Mark S, Everett H, Schneider P, Luescher IF. Soluble MHC-peptide complexes induce rapid death of CD8+ CTL. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:6809-19. [PMID: 15905522 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.6809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Soluble MHC-peptide (pMHC) complexes, commonly referred to as tetramers, are widely used to enumerate and to isolate Ag-specific CD8(+) CTL. It has been noted that such complexes, as well as microsphere- or cell-associated pMHC molecules compromise the functional integrity of CTL, e.g., by inducing apoptosis of CTL, which limits their usefulness for T cell sorting or cloning. By testing well-defined soluble pMHC complexes containing linkers of different length and valence, we find that complexes comprising short linkers (i.e., short pMHC-pMHC distances), but not those containing long linkers, induce rapid death of CTL. This cell death relies on CTL activation, the coreceptor CD8 and cytoskeleton integrity, but is not dependent on death receptors (i.e., Fas, TNFR1, and TRAILR2) or caspases. Within minutes of CTL exposure to pMHC complexes, reactive oxygen species emerged and mitochondrial membrane depolarized, which is reminiscent of caspase-independent T cell death. The morphological changes induced during this rapid CTL death are characteristic of programmed necrosis and not apoptosis. Thus, soluble pMHC complexes containing long linkers are recommended to prevent T cell death, whereas those containing short linkers can be used to eliminate Ag-specific CTL.
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MESH Headings
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Clone Cells
- Cyclosporine/pharmacology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Dimerization
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Growth Inhibitors/physiology
- H-2 Antigens/physiology
- Kinetics
- Membrane Potentials/physiology
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/physiology
- Necrosis
- Oligopeptides/physiology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Resting Phase, Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Resting Phase, Cell Cycle/immunology
- Solubility
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- beta-Alanine/analogs & derivatives
- beta-Alanine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Cebecauer
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinges, Switzerland
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28
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Ingold K, Zumsteg A, Tardivel A, Huard B, Steiner QG, Cachero TG, Qiang F, Gorelik L, Kalled SL, Acha-Orbea H, Rennert PD, Tschopp J, Schneider P. Identification of proteoglycans as the APRIL-specific binding partners. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 201:1375-83. [PMID: 15851487 PMCID: PMC2213192 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20042309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
B cell activating factor of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family (BAFF) and a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are closely related ligands within the TNF superfamily that play important roles in B lymphocyte biology. Both ligands share two receptors—transmembrane activator and calcium signal–modulating cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) and B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)—that are predominantly expressed on B cells. In addition, BAFF specifically binds BAFF receptor, whereas the nature of a postulated APRIL-specific receptor remains elusive. We show that the TNF homology domain of APRIL binds BCMA and TACI, whereas a basic amino acid sequence (QKQKKQ) close to the NH2 terminus of the mature protein is required for binding to the APRIL-specific “receptor.” This interactor was identified as negatively charged sulfated glycosaminoglycan side chains of proteoglycans. Although T cell lines bound little APRIL, the ectopic expression of glycosaminoglycan-rich syndecans or glypicans conferred on these cells a high binding capacity that was completely dependent on APRIL's basic sequence. Moreover, syndecan-1–positive plasma cells and proteoglycan-rich nonhematopoietic cells displayed high specific, heparin-sensitive binding to APRIL. Inhibition of BAFF and APRIL, but not BAFF alone, prevented the survival and/or the migration of newly formed plasma cells to the bone marrow. In addition, costimulation of B cell proliferation by APRIL was only effective upon APRIL oligomerization. Therefore, we propose a model whereby APRIL binding to the extracellular matrix or to proteoglycan-positive cells induces APRIL oligomerization, which is the prerequisite for the triggering of TACI- and/or BCMA-mediated activation, migration, or survival signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Ingold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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29
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Kassis R, Larrous F, Estaquier J, Bourhy H. Lyssavirus matrix protein induces apoptosis by a TRAIL-dependent mechanism involving caspase-8 activation. J Virol 2004; 78:6543-55. [PMID: 15163747 PMCID: PMC416538 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.78.12.6543-6555.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lyssaviruses, which are members of the Rhabdoviridae family, induce apoptosis, which plays an important role in the neuropathogenesis of rabies. However, the mechanisms by which these viruses mediate neuronal apoptosis have not been elucidated. Here we demonstrate that the early induction of apoptosis in a model of lyssavirus-infected neuroblastoma cells involves a TRAIL-dependent pathway requiring the activation of caspase-8 but not of caspase-9 or caspase-10. The activation of caspase-8 results in the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-6, as shown by an increase in the cleavage of the specific caspase substrate in lyssavirus-infected cells. However, neither caspase-1 nor caspase-2 activity was detected during the early phase of infection. Lyssavirus-mediated cell death involves an interaction between TRAIL receptors and TRAIL, as demonstrated by experiments using neutralizing antibodies and soluble decoy TRAIL-R1/R2 receptors. We also demonstrated that the decapsidation and replication of lyssavirus are essential for inducing apoptosis, as supported by UV inactivation, cycloheximide treatment, and the use of bafilomycin A1 to inhibit endosomal acidification. Transfection of cells with the matrix protein induced apoptosis using pathways similar to those described in the context of viral infection. Furthermore, our data suggest that the matrix protein of lyssaviruses plays a major role in the early induction of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis by the release of a soluble, active form of TRAIL. In our model, Fas ligand (CD95L) appears to play a limited role in lyssavirus-mediated neuroblastoma cell death. Similarly, tumor necrosis factor alpha does not appear to play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raïd Kassis
- Laboratoire de la Rage, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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30
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Contin C, Pitard V, Delmas Y, Pelletier N, Defrance T, Moreau JF, Merville P, Déchanet-Merville J. Potential role of soluble CD40 in the humoral immune response impairment of uraemic patients. Immunology 2003; 110:131-40. [PMID: 12941150 PMCID: PMC1783029 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40/CD154 interaction is essential for both humoral and cellular immune response. We investigated whether this interaction could be altered in patients with kidney failure who are known to present an impaired immune response. To that aim, we measured the levels of the soluble form of CD40 (sCD40), which is known to interfere with CD40/CD154 interaction, in 43 chronic renal failure patients, 162 hemodialysed patients, and 83 healthy donors. Uraemic and haemodialysed patients presented a three- and fivefold increase, respectively, of the antagonist soluble form of CD40 in their serum, when compared to healthy subjects. Serum sCD40 levels correlated with those of creatinine in uraemic non-haemodialysed patients. While sCD40 is widely excreted in urine of healthy individuals, it is not eliminated by dialysis sessions on classic membranes. The return to a normal kidney function in nine haemodialysed patients who received renal transplantation, leads to a rapid decrease of serum sCD40 levels. This natural sCD40 exhibited multimeric forms and was able to inhibit immunoglobulin production by CD154-activated B lymphocytes in vitro. Furthermore, the positive correlation we observed between the serum levels of sCD40 and the deficient response to hepatitis B vaccination in uraemic patients suggests that sCD40 also compromises the humoral response in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Contin
- UMR-CNRS 5540, Université Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France
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31
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Abstract
T lymphocyte death is essential for proper function of the immune system. During the decline of an immune response, most of the activated T cells die. Cell death is also responsible for eliminating autoreactive lymphocytes. Although recent studies have focused on caspase-dependent apoptotic signals, much evidence now shows that caspase- independent, necrotic cell death pathways are as important. An understanding of the molecular control of these alternative pathways is beginning to emerge. Damage of organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum or lysozymes, leading to an increase in calcium and reactive oxygen species and the release of effector proteins, is frequently involved in caspase-independent cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Jäättelä
- Apoptosis Laboratory, Institute of Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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32
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Clément G, Bisoffi M, Finger AN, Wetterwald A, Thalmann GN, Cecchini MG. Peptabodies as tools to test ligands isolated from phage-displayed peptide libraries. J Immunol Methods 2003; 276:135-41. [PMID: 12738366 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(03)00080-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously isolated filamentous bacteriophages, expressing linear hexa-peptides and homing to bone marrow endothelium (BME), by panning in vivo of a phage-displayed peptide library in mice. Here, we used peptabody fusion proteins to test the binding capacity of the hexa-peptide SSLTTG to BME cells in vitro. To display this motif in a multimeric form, as originally presented on the bacteriophage, we expressed it N-terminally as a fusion with the peptabody cartilage oligomeric matrix assembly protein (COMP) pentamerization domain, either alone or followed by the N1 domain of the pIII phage coat protein. Binding of the peptabody constructs to the mouse BME cell line STR-10 was investigated by immunofluorescence using anti-COMP antibodies. Only peptabody fusion proteins co-expressing pIII-N1 exhibited binding to STR-10, regardless of the presence or absence of SSLTTG. These results indicate that the phage coat protein pIII-N1 domain is the principle determinant responsible for the binding of filamentous bacteriophages to cells of the reticulo-endothelial system (RES). Peptabodies expressing pIII-N1 did not bind to the osteoblast-like cell line MC3T3-E1, indicating that binding is mediated by receptors specifically expressed by BME cells in vivo. Polyinosinic acid (poly-I) was able to inhibit binding of bacteriophages and pIII-N1 expressing peptabodies to STR-10, confirming our previous studies showing that bacteriophages bind to scavenger receptors (SR) expressed by BME cells. In summary, the present study shows the usefulness of peptabodies as a general tool to test the binding capacity of peptide ligands identified by phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Clément
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology and Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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33
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Petit F, Arnoult D, Lelièvre JD, Moutouh-de Parseval L, Hance AJ, Schneider P, Corbeil J, Ameisen JC, Estaquier J. Productive HIV-1 infection of primary CD4+ T cells induces mitochondrial membrane permeabilization leading to a caspase-independent cell death. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:1477-87. [PMID: 11689551 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m102671200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have explored in vitro the mechanism by which human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) induces cell death of primary CD4+ T cells in conditions of productive infection. Although HIV-1 infection primed phytohemagglutinin-activated CD4+ T cells for death induced by anti-CD95 antibody, T cell death was not prevented by a CD95-Fc decoy receptor, nor by decoy receptors of other members of the TNFR family (TNFR1/R2, TRAILR1/R2/OPG, TRAMP) or by various blocking antibodies, suggesting that triggering of death receptors by their cognate ligands is not involved in HIV-induced CD4 T cell death. HIV-1 induced CD4 T cell shrinkage, cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim), and mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor. A typical apoptotic phenotype (nuclear chromatin condensation and fragmentation) only occurred in around half of the dying cells. Treatment with benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone, a broad spectrum caspase inhibitor, prevented nuclear chromatin condensation and fragmentation in HIV-infected CD4+ T cells and in a cell-free system (in which nuclei were incubated with cytoplasmic extracts from the HIV-infected CD4+ T cells). Nevertheless, benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone did not prevent mitochondrial membrane potential loss and cell death, suggesting that caspases are dispensable for HIV-mediated cell death. Our findings suggest a major role of the mitochondria in the process of CD4 T cell death induced by HIV, in which targeting of Bax to the mitochondria may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Petit
- INSERM EMI-U 9922, CHU Bichat, Université Paris 7, 16 rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France
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34
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Rescigno M, Piguet V, Valzasina B, Lens S, Zubler R, French L, Kindler V, Tschopp J, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P. Fas engagement induces the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), the release of interleukin (IL)-1beta, and the production of interferon gamma in the absence of IL-12 during DC-T cell cognate interaction: a new role for Fas ligand in inflammatory responses. J Exp Med 2000; 192:1661-8. [PMID: 11104808 PMCID: PMC2193091 DOI: 10.1084/jem.192.11.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligation of the Fas (CD95) receptor leads to an apoptotic death signal in T cells, B cells, and macrophages. However, human CD34(+)-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and mouse DCs, regardless of their maturation state, are not susceptible to Fas-induced cell death. This resistance correlates with the constitutive expression of the Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme (FLICE)-inhibitory protein (FLIP) ligand. We demonstrate a new role of Fas in DC physiology. Engagement of Fas on immature DCs by Fas ligand (FasL) or by anti-Fas antibodies induces the phenotypical and functional maturation of primary DCs. Fas-activated DCs upregulate the expression of the major histocompatibility complex class II, B7, and DC-lysosome-associated membrane protein (DC-LAMP) molecules and secrete proinflammatory cytokines, in particular interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Mature DCs, if exposed to FasL, produce even higher amounts of IL-1beta. Importantly, it is possible to reduce the production of IL-1beta and interferon (IFN)-gamma during DC-T cell interaction by blocking the coupling of Fas-FasL with a Fas competitor. Finally, during cognate DC-T cell recognition, IL-12 (p70) could not be detected at early or late time points, indicating that Fas-induced, IFN-gamma secretion is independent of IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rescigno
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Vincent Piguet
- Department of Dermatology, Hôspitaux Universitaires de Genéve, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Romand de Dermatologie et Vénéréologie, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Valzasina
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Suzanne Lens
- Institut de Biochimie, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf Zubler
- Division of Hematology, Hôspitaux Universitaires Vaudois et Genevois, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lars French
- Department of Dermatology, Hôspitaux Universitaires de Genéve, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Romand de Dermatologie et Vénéréologie, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Kindler
- Division of Hematology, Hôspitaux Universitaires Vaudois et Genevois, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jurg Tschopp
- Institut de Biochimie, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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35
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Abstract
The past twelve months have seen a renewal of interest in the therapeutic potential of members of the tumour necrosis factor receptor family and their cytokine ligands. This biomedical interest has spawned a number of structural studies, which have significantly deepened our understanding of the molecular basis for the function of these cell-surface signalling systems. The fresh data have revealed unexpected mechanisms conferring ligand-receptor specificity and have highlighted the structural requirements for the initiation of intracellular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Jones
- CRC Receptor Structure Group, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, OX3 7BN, Oxford, UK.
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36
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Abstract
Collagen triple helices, coiled coils and other oligomerization domains mediate the subunit assembly of a large number of proteins. Oligomerization leads to functional advantages of multivalency and high binding strength, increased structure stabilization and combined functions of different domains. These features seen in naturally occurring proteins can be engineered by protein design by combining oligomerization domains with functional domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Engel
- Abteilung für Biophysikalische Chemie,Biozentrum der Universität Basel, CH 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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