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Zhou Y, Bai F, Xiao R, Chen M, Sun Y, Ye J. Proteomics and Its Combined Analysis with Transcriptomics: Liver Fat-Lowering Effect of Taurine in High-Fat Fed Grouper ( Epinephelus coioides). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2039. [PMID: 39061501 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to understand the intervention effect of taurine on liver fat deposition induced by high fat intake in the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), we performed proteomic analysis and association analysis with previously obtained transcriptomic data. Three isoproteic (47% crude protein) diets were designed to contain two levels of fat and were named as the 10% fat diet (10F), 15% fat diet (15F), and 15% fat with 1% taurine (15FT). The 10F diet was used as the control diet. After 8 weeks of feeding, the 15F diet exhibited comparable weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and hepatosomatic index as the 10F diet, but the former increased liver fat content vs. the latter. Feeding with the 15FT diet resulted in an improvement in weight gain and a reduction in feed conversion ratio, hepatosomatic index, and liver fat content compared with feeding the 15F diet. When comparing liver proteomic data between the 15F and 15FT groups, a total of 133 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, of which 51 were upregulated DEPs and 82 were downregulated DEPs. Among these DEPs, cholesterol 27-hydroxylase, phosphatidate phosphatase LPIN, phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase were further screened out and were involved in primary bile acid biosynthesis, glycerolipid metabolism, the phosphatidylinositol signaling system, and the AMPK signaling pathway as key DEPs in terms of alleviating liver fat deposition of taurine in high-fat fed fish. With the association analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data through KEGG, three differentially expressed genes (atp1a, arf1_2, and plcd) and four DEPs (CYP27α1, LPIN, PLCD, and PTK2B) were co-enriched into five pathways related to fat metabolism including primary bile acid synthesis, bile secretion, glycerolipid metabolism, phospholipid D signaling, or/and phosphatidylinositol signaling. The results showed that dietary taurine intervention could trigger activation of bile acid biosynthesis and inhibition of triglyceride biosynthesis, thereby mediating the liver fat-lowering effects in high-fat fed orange-spotted grouper. The present study contributes some novel insight into the liver fat-lowering effects of dietary taurine in high-fat fed groupers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fakai Bai
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ruyi Xiao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mingfan Chen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yunzhang Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Jidan Ye
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
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Ding Z, Song H, Wang F. Role of lipins in cardiovascular diseases. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:196. [PMID: 37964368 PMCID: PMC10644651 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipin family members in mammals include lipins 1, 2, and 3. Lipin family proteins play a crucial role in lipid metabolism due to their bifunctionality as both transcriptional coregulators and phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) enzymes. In this review, we discuss the structural features, expression patterns, and pathophysiologic functions of lipins, emphasizing their direct as well as indirect roles in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Elucidating the regulation of lipins facilitates a deeper understanding of the roles of lipins in the processes underlying CVDs. The activity of lipins is modulated at various levels, e.g., in the form of the transcription of genes, post-translational modifications, and subcellular protein localization. Because lipin characteristics are undergoing progressive clarification, further research is necessitated to then actuate the investigation of lipins as viable therapeutic targets in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui Ding
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Hongyu Song
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The Endocrinology Department of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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Jeon YG, Kim YY, Lee G, Kim JB. Physiological and pathological roles of lipogenesis. Nat Metab 2023; 5:735-759. [PMID: 37142787 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are essential metabolites, which function as energy sources, structural components and signalling mediators. Most cells are able to convert carbohydrates into fatty acids, which are often converted into neutral lipids for storage in the form of lipid droplets. Accumulating evidence suggests that lipogenesis plays a crucial role not only in metabolic tissues for systemic energy homoeostasis but also in immune and nervous systems for their proliferation, differentiation and even pathophysiological roles. Thus, excessive or insufficient lipogenesis is closely associated with aberrations in lipid homoeostasis, potentially leading to pathological consequences, such as dyslipidaemia, diabetes, fatty liver, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. For systemic energy homoeostasis, multiple enzymes involved in lipogenesis are tightly controlled by transcriptional and post-translational modifications. In this Review, we discuss recent findings regarding the regulatory mechanisms, physiological roles and pathological importance of lipogenesis in multiple tissues such as adipose tissue and the liver, as well as the immune and nervous systems. Furthermore, we briefly introduce the therapeutic implications of lipogenesis modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Geun Jeon
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Young Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gung Lee
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Center for Adipocyte Structure and Function, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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LaPoint A, Singer JM, Ferguson D, Shew TM, Renkemeyer MK, Palacios H, Field R, Shankaran M, Smith GI, Yoshino J, He M, Patti GJ, Hellerstein MK, Klein S, Brestoff JR, Finck BN, Lutkewitte AJ. Adipocyte lipin 1 is positively associated with metabolic health in humans and regulates systemic metabolism in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526676. [PMID: 36778276 PMCID: PMC9915639 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional adipose tissue is believed to promote the development of hepatic steatosis and systemic insulin resistance, but many of the mechanisms involved are still unclear. Lipin 1 catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol (DAG), the penultimate step of triglyceride synthesis, which is essential for lipid storage. Herein we found that adipose tissue LPIN1 expression is decreased in people with obesity compared to lean subjects and low LPIN1 expression correlated with multi-tissue insulin resistance and increased rates of hepatic de novo lipogenesis. Comprehensive metabolic and multi-omic phenotyping demonstrated that adipocyte-specific Lpin1-/- mice had a metabolically-unhealthy phenotype, including liver and skeletal muscle insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis, and transcriptomic signatures of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis that was exacerbated by high-fat diets. We conclude that adipocyte lipin 1-mediated lipid storage is vital for preserving adipose tissue and systemic metabolic health and its loss predisposes mice to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Ramírez-Zamudio GD, Ganga MJG, Pereira GL, Nociti RP, Chiaratti MR, Cooke RF, Chardulo LAL, Baldassini WA, Machado-Neto OR, Curi RA. Effect of Cow-Calf Supplementation on Gene Expression, Processes, and Pathways Related to Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis in Longissimus thoracis Muscle of F1 Angus × Nellore Cattle at Weaning. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020160. [PMID: 36837780 PMCID: PMC9962728 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes, biological processes, and metabolic pathways related to adipogenesis and lipogenesis in calves receiving different diets during the cow-calf phase. Forty-eight uncastrated F1 Angus × Nellore males were randomly assigned to two treatments from thirty days of age to weaning: no creep feeding (G1) or creep feeding (G2). The creep feed offered contained ground corn (44.8%), soybean meal (40.4%), and mineral core (14.8%), with 22% crude protein and 65% total digestible nutrients in dry matter. After weaning, the animals were feedlot finished for 180 days and fed a single diet containing 12.6% forage and 87.4% corn-based concentrate. Longissimus thoracis muscle samples were collected by biopsy at weaning for transcriptome analysis and at slaughter for the measurement of intramuscular fat content (IMF) and marbling score (MS). Animals of G2 had 17.2% and 14.0% higher IMF and MS, respectively (p < 0.05). We identified 947 differentially expressed genes (log2 fold change 0.5, FDR 5%); of these, 504 were upregulated and 443 were downregulated in G2. Part of the genes upregulated in G2 were related to PPAR signaling (PPARA, SLC27A1, FABP3, and DBI), unsaturated fatty acid synthesis (FADS1, FADS2, SCD, and SCD5), and fatty acid metabolism (FASN, FADS1, FADS2, SCD, and SCD5). Regarding biological processes, the genes upregulated in G2 were related to cholesterol biosynthesis (EBP, CYP51A1, DHCR24, and LSS), unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis (FADS2, SCD, SCD5, and FADS1), and insulin sensitivity (INSIG1 and LPIN2). Cow-calf supplementation G2 positively affected energy metabolism and lipid biosynthesis, and thus favored the deposition of marbling fat during the postweaning period, which was shown here in an unprecedented way, by analyzing the transcriptome, genes, pathways, and enriched processes due to the use of creep feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Júlia Generoso Ganga
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Luis Pereira
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Perecin Nociti
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, São Paulo University (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto Chiaratti
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luis Artur Loyola Chardulo
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Welder Angelo Baldassini
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Otávio Rodrigues Machado-Neto
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Abdallah Curi
- School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Khera AV, Wang M, Chaffin M, Emdin CA, Samani NJ, Schunkert H, Watkins H, McPherson R, Elosua R, Boerwinkle E, Ardissino D, Butterworth AS, Di Angelantonio E, Naheed A, Danesh J, Chowdhury R, Krumholz HM, Sheu WHH, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Chen YDI, Gabriel S, Lander ES, Saleheen D, Kathiresan S. Gene Sequencing Identifies Perturbation in Nitric Oxide Signaling as a Nonlipid Molecular Subtype of Coronary Artery Disease. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2022; 15:e003598. [PMID: 36215124 PMCID: PMC9771961 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.121.003598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A key goal of precision medicine is to disaggregate common, complex diseases into discrete molecular subtypes. Rare coding variants in the low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (LDLR) are identified in 1% to 2% of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, defining a molecular subtype with risk driven by hypercholesterolemia. METHODS To search for additional subtypes, we compared the frequency of rare, predicted loss-of-function and damaging missense variants aggregated within a given gene in 41 081 CAD cases versus 217 115 controls. RESULTS Rare variants in LDLR were most strongly associated with CAD, present in 1% of cases and associated with 4.4-fold increased CAD risk. A second subtype was characterized by variants in endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (NOS3), a key enzyme regulating vascular tone, endothelial function, and platelet aggregation. A rare predicted loss-of-function or damaging missense variants in NOS3 was present in 0.6% of cases and associated with 2.42-fold increased risk of CAD (95% CI, 1.80-3.26; P=5.50×10-9). These variants were associated with higher systolic blood pressure (+3.25 mm Hg; [95% CI, 1.86-4.65]; P=5.00×10-6) and increased risk of hypertension (adjusted odds ratio 1.31; [95% CI, 1.14-1.51]; P=2.00×10-4) but not circulating cholesterol concentrations, suggesting that, beyond lipid pathways, nitric oxide synthesis is a key nonlipid driver of CAD risk. CONCLUSIONS Beyond LDLR, we identified an additional nonlipid molecular subtype of CAD characterized by rare variants in the NOS3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit V. Khera
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Inst of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Ctr for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Dept of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiology Division, Dept of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Minxian Wang
- Ctr for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Inst of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Inst of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences & China National Ctr for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Mark Chaffin
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Inst of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Connor A. Emdin
- Ctr for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Dept of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Inst of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Nilesh J. Samani
- Dept of Cardiovascular Sciences, Univ of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Ctr, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Dept of Cardiology, German Heart Ctr Munich, Technical Univ of Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Ctr for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Dept of Medicine, Univ of Oxford, Headington, UK
- Wellcome Trust Ctr for Human Genetics, Univ of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth McPherson
- Inst for Cardiogenetics, Univ of Lübeck, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- German Research Ctr for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel & Univ Heart Center Lübeck (J.E.), Berlin, Brandenburg, Germany
- Depts of Medicine & Biochemistry, Univ of Ottawa Heart Inst, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology & Genetics, Hospital del Mar Research Inst, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Vic-Central de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Ctr for Human Genetics & Dept. of Epidemiology, Univ of Texas Health Science Ctr School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Diego Ardissino
- Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Univ of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Associazione per lo Studio Della Trombosi in Cardiologia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adam S. Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Dept of Public Health & Primary Care, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Inst for Health Research Blood & Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health & Genomics, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus & Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Dept of Public Health & Primary Care, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus & Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Blood & Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health & Genomics, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- BHF Ctr of Research Excellence, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Science Research Ctr, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - Aliya Naheed
- Initiative for Noncommunicable Bangladesh, Diseases, Health Systems & Population Studies Division, International Ctr for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - John Danesh
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Dept of Public Health & Primary Care, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Inst for Health Research Blood & Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health & Genomics, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Ctr of Research Excellence, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus & Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Dept of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Inst, Hinxton, UK
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Dept of Public Health & Primary Care, Univ of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Non-Communicable Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Harlan M. Krumholz
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Yale Univ, New Haven, CT
- Ctr for Outcomes Research & Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
| | - Wayne H-H Sheu
- Cardiovascular Research Ctr, Dept of Medicine, National Yang Ming Univ School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Ctr for Public Health Genomics, Univ of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Inst for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences, Dept of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Inst for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Ctr, Torrance, CA
| | - Yii-der Ida Chen
- The Inst for Translational Genomics & Population Sciences, Dept of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Inst for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Ctr, Torrance, CA
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Inst of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Eric S. Lander
- Program in Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Inst of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Dept of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Dept of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Dept of Medicine, Columbia Univ, New York, NY
- Ctr for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Ctr for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Dept of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiology Division, Dept of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA
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Abedpoor N, Taghian F, Hajibabaie F. Physical activity ameliorates the function of organs via adipose tissue in metabolic diseases. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151844. [PMID: 35045377 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ in the endocrine system that can connect organs by secreting molecules and bioactive. Hence, adipose tissue really plays a pivotal role in regulating metabolism, inflammation, energy homeostasis, and thermogenesis. Disruption of hub bioactive molecules secretion such as adipokines leads to dysregulate metabolic communication between adipose tissue and other organs in non-communicable disorders. Moreover, a sedentary lifestyle may be a risk factor for adipose tissue function. Physical inactivity leads to fat tissue accumulation and promotes obesity, Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, fatty liver, osteoporosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. On the other hand, physical activity may ameliorate and protect the body against metabolic disorders, triggering thermogenesis, metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, β-oxidation, and glucose uptake. Furthermore, physical activity provides an inter-organ association and cross-talk between different tissues by improving adipose tissue function, reprogramming gene expression, modulating molecules and bioactive factors. Also, physical activity decreases chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and improves metabolic features in adipose tissue. The current review focuses on the beneficial effect of physical activity on the cardiovascular, locomotor, digestive, and nervous systems. In addition, we visualize protein-protein interactions networks between hub proteins involved in dysregulating metabolic induced by adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Taghian
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Hajibabaie
- Department of Physiology, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
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Le Lay S, Magré J, Prieur X. Not Enough Fat: Mouse Models of Inherited Lipodystrophy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:785819. [PMID: 35250856 PMCID: PMC8895270 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.785819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies belong to the heterogenous group of syndromes in which the primary defect is a generalized or partial absence of adipose tissue, which may be congenital or acquired in origin. Lipodystrophy should be considered in patients manifesting the combination of insulin resistance (with or without overt diabetes), dyslipidemia and fatty liver. Lipodystrophies are classified according to the etiology of the disease (genetic or acquired) and to the anatomical distribution of adipose tissue (generalized or partial). The mechanism of adipose tissue loss is specific to each syndrome, depending on the biological function of the mutated gene. Mice models, together with cellular studies have permitted clarification of the mechanisms by which human mutations deeply compromise adipocyte homeostasis. In addition, rodent models have proven to be crucial in deciphering the cardiometabolic consequences of the lack of adipose tissue such as NAFLD, muscle insulin resistance and cardiomyopathy. More precisely, tissue-specific transgenic and knockout mice have brought new tools to distinguish phenotypic traits that are the consequences of lipodystrophy from those that are cell-autonomous. In this review, we discuss the mice models of lipodystrophy including those of inherited human syndromes of generalized and partial lipodystrophy. We present how these models have demonstrated the central role of white adipose tissue in energetic homeostasis in general, including insulin sensitivity and lipid handling in particular. We underscore the differences reported with the human phenotype and discuss the limit of rodent models in recapitulating adipose tissue primary default. Finally, we present how these mice models have highlighted the function of the causative-genes and brought new insights into the pathophysiology of the cardiometabolic complications associated with lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soazig Le Lay
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- Univ Angers, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Jocelyne Magré
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Xavier Prieur
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l’institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- *Correspondence: Xavier Prieur,
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Blackburn CMR, Schilke RM, Vozenilek AE, Chandran S, Bamgbose TT, Finck BN, Woolard MD. Myeloid-associated lipin-1 transcriptional co-regulatory activity is atheroprotective. Atherosclerosis 2021; 330:76-84. [PMID: 34256308 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is the most prominent underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is initiated by cholesterol deposition in the arterial intima, which causes macrophage recruitment and proinflammatory responses that promote plaque growth, necrotic core formation, and plaque rupture. Lipin-1 is a phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase for glycerolipid synthesis. We have shown that lipin-1 phosphatase activity promotes macrophage pro-inflammatory responses when stimulated with modified low-density lipoprotein (modLDL) and accelerates atherosclerosis. Lipin-1 also independently acts as a transcriptional co-regulator where it enhances the expression of genes involved in β-oxidation. In hepatocytes and adipocytes, lipin-1 augments the activity of transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARs). PPARs control the expression of anti-inflammatory genes in macrophages and slow or reduce atherosclerotic progression. Therefore, we hypothesize myeloid-derived lipin-1 transcriptional co-regulatory activity reduces atherosclerosis. METHODS We used myeloid-derived lipin-1 knockout (lipin-1mKO) and littermate control mice and AAV8-PCSK9 along with high-fat diet to elicit atherosclerosis. RESULTS Lipin-1mKO mice had larger aortic root plaques than littermate control mice after 8 and 12 weeks of a high-fat diet. Lipin-1mKO mice also had increased serum proinflammatory cytokine concentrations, reduced apoptosis in plaques, and larger necrotic cores in the plaques compared to control mice. CONCLUSIONS Combined, the data suggest lipin-1 transcriptional co-regulatory activity in myeloid cells is atheroprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy M R Blackburn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Robert M Schilke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Aimee E Vozenilek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Sunitha Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Temitayo T Bamgbose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Brian N Finck
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Matthew D Woolard
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States.
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10
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Lehmann M. Diverse roles of phosphatidate phosphatases in insect development and metabolism. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 133:103469. [PMID: 32931938 PMCID: PMC7952469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of the glycerophospholipid phosphatidic acid (PA) into diacylglycerol (DAG) is essential for the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids and storage fats. Importantly, both PA and DAG can also serve signaling functions in the cell. The dephosphorylation of PA that yields DAG can be executed by two different classes of enzymes, Mg2+-dependent lipins and Mg2+-independent lipid phosphate phosphatases. Here, I will discuss the current status of research directed at understanding the roles of these enzymes in insect development and metabolism. Special emphasis will be given to studies in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lehmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, SCEN 601, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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11
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Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals Key Genes and Potential Drugs in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050546. [PMID: 34068179 PMCID: PMC8152975 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a prevalent aortic disease that causes high mortality due to asymptomatic gradual expansion and sudden rupture. The underlying molecular mechanisms and effective pharmaceutical therapy for preventing AAA progression have not been fully identified. In this study, we identified the key modules and hub genes involved in AAA growth from the GSE17901 dataset in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database through the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Key genes were further selected and validated in the mouse dataset (GSE12591) and human datasets (GSE7084, GSE47472, and GSE57691). Finally, we predicted drug candidates targeting key genes using the Drug-Gene Interaction database. Overall, we identified key modules enriched in the mitotic cell cycle, GTPase activity, and several metabolic processes. Seven key genes (CCR5, ADCY5, ADCY3, ACACB, LPIN1, ACSL1, UCP3) related to AAA progression were identified. A total of 35 drugs/compounds targeting the key genes were predicted, which may have the potential to prevent AAA progression.
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12
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Chambers KT, Cooper MA, Swearingen AR, Brookheart RT, Schweitzer GG, Weinheimer CJ, Kovacs A, Koves TR, Muoio DM, McCommis KS, Finck BN. Myocardial Lipin 1 knockout in mice approximates cardiac effects of human LPIN1 mutations. JCI Insight 2021; 6:134340. [PMID: 33986192 PMCID: PMC8262319 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipin 1 is a bifunctional protein that is a transcriptional regulator and has phosphatidic acid (PA) phosphohydrolase activity, which dephosphorylates PA to generate diacylglycerol. Human lipin 1 mutations lead to episodic rhabdomyolysis, and some affected patients exhibit cardiac abnormalities, including exercise-induced cardiac dysfunction and cardiac triglyceride accumulation. Furthermore, lipin 1 expression is deactivated in failing heart, but the effects of lipin 1 deactivation in myocardium are incompletely understood. We generated mice with cardiac-specific lipin 1 KO (cs-Lpin1-/-) to examine the intrinsic effects of lipin 1 in the myocardium. Cs-Lpin1-/- mice had normal systolic cardiac function but mild cardiac hypertrophy. Compared with littermate control mice, PA content was higher in cs-Lpin1-/- hearts, which also had an unexpected increase in diacylglycerol and triglyceride content. Cs-Lpin1-/- mice exhibited diminished cardiac cardiolipin content and impaired mitochondrial respiration rates when provided with pyruvate or succinate as metabolic substrates. After transverse aortic constriction-induced pressure overload, loss of lipin 1 did not exacerbate cardiac hypertrophy or dysfunction. However, loss of lipin 1 dampened the cardiac ionotropic response to dobutamine and exercise endurance in association with reduced protein kinase A signaling. These data suggest that loss of lipin 1 impairs cardiac functional reserve, likely due to effects on glycerolipid homeostasis, mitochondrial function, and protein kinase A signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari T Chambers
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael A Cooper
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alison R Swearingen
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rita T Brookheart
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - George G Schweitzer
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carla J Weinheimer
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian N Finck
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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13
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Smith CD, Lin CT, McMillin SL, Weyrauch LA, Schmidt CA, Smith CA, Kurland IJ, Witczak CA, Neufer PD. Genetically increasing flux through β-oxidation in skeletal muscle increases mitochondrial reductive stress and glucose intolerance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E938-E950. [PMID: 33813880 PMCID: PMC8238127 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00010.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emission and an oxidative shift in cytosolic redox environment have been linked to high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. To test specifically whether increased flux through mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, in the absence of elevated energy demand, directly alters mitochondrial function and redox state in muscle, two genetic models characterized by increased muscle β-oxidation flux were studied. In mice overexpressing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in muscle (MCK-PPARα), lipid-supported mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential (ΔΨm), and H2O2 production rate (JH2O2) were increased, which coincided with a more oxidized cytosolic redox environment, reduced muscle glucose uptake, and whole body glucose intolerance despite an increased rate of energy expenditure. Similar results were observed in lipin-1-deficient, fatty-liver dystrophic mice, another model characterized by increased β-oxidation flux and glucose intolerance. Crossing MCAT (mitochondria-targeted catalase) with MCK-PPARα mice normalized JH2O2 production, redox environment, and glucose tolerance, but surprisingly, both basal and absolute insulin-stimulated rates of glucose uptake in muscle remained depressed. Also surprising, when placed on a high-fat diet, MCK-PPARα mice were characterized by much lower whole body, fat, and lean mass as well as improved glucose tolerance relative to wild-type mice, providing additional evidence that overexpression of PPARα in muscle imposes more extensive metabolic stress than experienced by wild-type mice on a high-fat diet. Overall, the findings suggest that driving an increase in skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation in the absence of metabolic demand imposes mitochondrial reductive stress and elicits multiple counterbalance metabolic responses in an attempt to restore bioenergetic homeostasis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Prior work has suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction is an underlying cause of insulin resistance in muscle because it limits fatty acid oxidation and therefore leads to the accumulation of cytotoxic lipid intermediates. The implication has been that therapeutic strategies to accelerate β-oxidation will be protective. The current study provides evidence that genetically increasing flux through β-oxidation in muscle imposes reductive stress that is not beneficial but rather detrimental to metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody D Smith
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Chien-Te Lin
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Shawna L McMillin
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Luke A Weyrauch
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Cameron A Schmidt
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Cheryl A Smith
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Irwin J Kurland
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Carol A Witczak
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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14
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Chen F, Yan B, Ren J, Lyu R, Wu Y, Guo Y, Li D, Zhang H, Hu J. FIT2 organizes lipid droplet biogenesis with ER tubule-forming proteins and septins. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:211999. [PMID: 33861319 PMCID: PMC8056755 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are critical for lipid storage and energy metabolism. LDs form in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the molecular basis for LD biogenesis remains elusive. Here, we show that fat storage–inducing transmembrane protein 2 (FIT2) interacts with ER tubule-forming proteins Rtn4 and REEP5. The association is mainly transmembrane domain based and stimulated by oleic acid. Depletion of ER tubule-forming proteins decreases the number and size of LDs in cells and Caenorhabditis elegans, mimicking loss of FIT2. Through cytosolic loops, FIT2 binds to cytoskeletal protein septin 7, an interaction that is also required for normal LD biogenesis. Depletion of ER tubule-forming proteins or septins delays nascent LD formation. In addition, FIT2-interacting proteins are up-regulated during adipocyte differentiation, and ER tubule-forming proteins, septin 7, and FIT2 are transiently enriched at LD formation sites. Thus, FIT2-mediated nascent LD biogenesis is facilitated by ER tubule-forming proteins and septins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Yan
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ren
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Lyu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Guo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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15
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Aravamudhan S, Türk C, Bock T, Keufgens L, Nolte H, Lang F, Krishnan RK, König T, Hammerschmidt P, Schindler N, Brodesser S, Rozsivalova DH, Rugarli E, Trifunovic A, Brüning J, Langer T, Braun T, Krüger M. Phosphoproteomics of the developing heart identifies PERM1 - An outer mitochondrial membrane protein. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 154:41-59. [PMID: 33549681 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heart development relies on PTMs that control cardiomyocyte proliferation, differentiation and cardiac morphogenesis. We generated a map of phosphorylation sites during the early stages of cardiac postnatal development in mice; we quantified over 10,000 phosphorylation sites and 5000 proteins that were assigned to different pathways. Analysis of mitochondrial proteins led to the identification of PGC-1- and ERR-induced regulator in muscle 1 (PERM1), which is specifically expressed in skeletal muscle and heart tissue and associates with the outer mitochondrial membrane. We demonstrate PERM1 is subject to rapid changes mediated by the UPS through phosphorylation of its PEST motif by casein kinase 2. Ablation of Perm1 in mice results in reduced protein expression of lipin-1 accompanied by accumulation of specific phospholipid species. Isolation of Perm1-deficient mitochondria revealed significant downregulation of mitochondrial transport proteins for amino acids and carnitines, including SLC25A12/13/29/34 and CPT2. Consistently, we observed altered levels of various lipid species, amino acids, and acylcarnitines in Perm1-/- mitochondria. We conclude that the outer mitochondrial membrane protein PERM1 regulates homeostasis of lipid and amino acid metabolites in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Türk
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Theresa Bock
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Keufgens
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Franziska Lang
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ramesh Kumar Krishnan
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Aulweg 130, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tim König
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, H3A 2B4 Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philipp Hammerschmidt
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Natalie Schindler
- Institut für Entwicklungsbiologie und Neurobiologie (IDN), Fachbereich Biologie (FB 10), Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Mainz, Germany c/o Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dieu Hien Rozsivalova
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena Rugarli
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Langer
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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16
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Liu L, Liang C, Wang X, Ding X, Lu Y, Dong J, Han M, Yang H, Gao M, Liao J. Surgical fat removal exacerbates metabolic disorders but not atherogenesis in LDLR -/- mice fed on high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17848. [PMID: 31780791 PMCID: PMC6883051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophy is a severe adipose dysfunction that can be classified as congenital or acquired lipodystrophy, in term of the etiology. Previous knowledge about the metabolic disorders and cardiovascular consequences were mostly obtained from lipodystrophic mice with genetic defects. To completely rule out the genetic influence, we established a mouse model of acquired generalized lipodystrophy by surgical removal of multiple fat depots, including subcutaneous fat in the inguinal, visceral fat in the epididymis and brown fat in the scapula, in atherosclerosis-prone LDLR-/- mice which were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). It was observed that fat removal increased diet-induced hyperlipidemia, especially hypercholesteremia, as early as 2 weeks after HFD and till the end of HFD feeding. After 12 weeks on the HFD, the residual fats of fat-removed mice were found expanded. Although fat removal aggravated diet-induced lipid deposition in the liver and systemic insulin resistance, there was no significant difference in atherogenesis in fat-removed mice compared with sham-operated control mice. Acquired generalized lipodystrophy by surgical fat removal promoted metabolic disorders but not atherogenesis in LDLR-/- mice fed on HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Chenxi Liang
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Xiayu Ding
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Yingjing Lu
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Jinghui Dong
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mingming Gao
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
| | - Jiawei Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China.
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17
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Chella Krishnan K, Sabir S, Shum M, Meng Y, Acín-Pérez R, Lang JM, Floyd RR, Vergnes L, Seldin MM, Fuqua BK, Jayasekera DW, Nand SK, Anum DC, Pan C, Stiles L, Péterfy M, Reue K, Liesa M, Lusis AJ. Sex-specific metabolic functions of adipose Lipocalin-2. Mol Metab 2019; 30:30-47. [PMID: 31767179 PMCID: PMC6812340 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a secreted protein involved in innate immunity and has also been associated with several cardiometabolic traits in both mouse and human studies. However, the causal relationship of LCN2 to these traits is unclear, and most studies have examined only males. METHODS Using adeno-associated viral vectors we expressed LCN2 in either adipose or liver in a tissue specific manner on the background of a whole-body Lcn2 knockout or wildtype mice. Metabolic phenotypes including body weight, body composition, plasma and liver lipids, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, mitochondrial phenotyping, and metabolic cage studies were monitored. RESULTS We studied the genetics of LCN2 expression and associated clinical traits in both males and females in a panel of 100 inbred strains of mice (HMDP). The natural variation in Lcn2 expression across the HMDP exhibits high heritability, and genetic mapping suggests that it is regulated in part by Lipin1 gene variation. The correlation analyses revealed striking tissue dependent sex differences in obesity, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and dyslipidemia. To understand the causal relationships, we examined the effects of expression of LCN2 selectively in liver or adipose. On a Lcn2-null background, LCN2 expression in white adipose promoted metabolic disturbances in females but not males. It acted in an autocrine/paracrine manner, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and an upregulation of inflammatory and fibrotic genes. On the other hand, on a null background, expression of LCN2 in liver had no discernible impact on the traits examined despite increasing the levels of circulating LCN2 more than adipose LCN2 expression. The mechanisms underlying the sex-specific action of LCN2 are unclear, but our results indicate that adipose LCN2 negatively regulates its receptor, LRP2 (or megalin), and its repressor, ERα, in a female-specific manner and that the effects of LCN2 on metabolic traits are mediated in part by LRP2. CONCLUSIONS Following up on our population-based studies, we demonstrate that LCN2 acts in a highly sex- and tissue-specific manner in mice. Our results have important implications for human studies, emphasizing the importance of sex and the tissue source of LCN2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Sabir
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michaël Shum
- Department of Medicine/Division of Endocrinology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yonghong Meng
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rebeca Acín-Pérez
- Department of Medicine/Division of Endocrinology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Lang
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raquel R Floyd
- Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brie K Fuqua
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dulshan W Jayasekera
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sereena K Nand
- Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Diana C Anum
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine/Division of Endocrinology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Miklós Péterfy
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Medicine/Division of Endocrinology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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18
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Yang L, Liu Z, Ou K, Wang T, Li Z, Tian Y, Wang Y, Kang X, Li H, Liu X. Evolution, dynamic expression changes and regulatory characteristics of gene families involved in the glycerophosphate pathway of triglyceride synthesis in chicken (Gallus gallus). Sci Rep 2019; 9:12735. [PMID: 31484941 PMCID: PMC6726641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that four gene families, including the glycerophosphate acyltransferases (GPATs), acylglycerophosphate acyltransferases (AGPATs), lipid phosphate phosphohydrolases (LPINs) and diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs), are involved in the glycerophosphate pathway of de novo triglyceride (TG) biosynthesis in mammals. However, no systematic analysis has been conducted to characterize the gene families in poultry. In this study, the sequences of gene family members in the glycerophosphate pathway were obtained by screening the public databases. The phylogenetic tree, gene structures and conserved motifs of the corresponding proteins were evaluated. Dynamic expression changes of the genes at different developmental stages were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The regulatory characteristics of the genes were analyzed by in vivo experiments. The results showed that the GPAT, AGPAT and LPIN gene families have 2, 7 and 2 members, respectively, and they were classified into 2, 4 and 2 cluster respectively based on phylogenetic analysis. All of the genes except AGPAT1 were extensively expressed in various tissues. Estrogen induction upregulated the expression of GPAM and AGPAT2, downregulated the expression of AGPAT3, AGPAT9, LPIN1 and LPIN2, and had no effect on the expression of the other genes. These findings provide a valuable resource for further investigation of lipid metabolism in liver of chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ziming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Kepeng Ou
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Taian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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19
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Schweitzer GG, Collier SL, Chen Z, McCommis KS, Pittman SK, Yoshino J, Matkovich SJ, Hsu FF, Chrast R, Eaton JM, Harris TE, Weihl CC, Finck BN. Loss of lipin 1-mediated phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase activity in muscle leads to skeletal myopathy in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:652-667. [PMID: 30028636 PMCID: PMC6355067 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800361r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipin 1 regulates glycerolipid homeostasis by acting as a phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (PAP) enzyme in the triglyceride-synthesis pathway and by regulating transcription factor activity. Mutations in human lipin 1 are a common cause of recurrent rhabdomyolysis in children. Mice with constitutive whole-body lipin 1 deficiency have been used to examine mechanisms connecting lipin 1 deficiency to myocyte injury. However, that mouse model is confounded by lipodystrophy not phenocopied in people. Herein, 2 muscle-specific mouse models were studied: 1) Lpin1 exon 3 and 4 deletion, resulting in a hypomorphic protein without PAP activity, but which preserved transcriptional coregulatory function; and 2) Lpin1 exon 7 deletion, resulting in total protein loss. In both models, skeletal muscles exhibited a chronic myopathy with ongoing muscle fiber necrosis and regeneration and accumulation of phosphatidic acid and, paradoxically, diacylglycerol. Additionally, lipin 1-deficient mice had abundant, but abnormal, mitochondria likely because of impaired autophagy. Finally, these mice exhibited increased plasma creatine kinase following exhaustive exercise when unfed. These data suggest that mice lacking lipin 1-mediated PAP activity in skeletal muscle may serve as a model for determining the mechanisms by which lipin 1 deficiency leads to myocyte injury and for testing potential therapeutic approaches.-Schweitzer, G. G., Collier, S. L., Chen, Z., McCommis, K. S., Pittman, S. K., Yoshino, J., Matkovich, S. J., Hsu, F.-F., Chrast, R., Eaton, J. M., Harris, T. E., Weihl, C. C., Finck, B. N. Loss of lipin 1-mediated phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase activity in muscle leads to skeletal myopathy in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- George G. Schweitzer
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sara L. Collier
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhouji Chen
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kyle S. McCommis
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sara K. Pittman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jun Yoshino
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Scot J. Matkovich
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Roman Chrast
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - James M. Eaton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Thurl E. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Conrad C. Weihl
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian N. Finck
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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20
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Sellers RS, Mahmood SR, Perumal GS, Macaluso FP, Kurland IJ. Phenotypic Modulation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers in LPIN1-Deficient Lipodystrophic ( fld) Mice. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:322-331. [PMID: 30381013 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818809126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipin-1 ( Lpin1)-deficient lipodystrophic mice have scant and immature adipocytes and develop transient fatty liver early in life. Unlike normal mice, these mice cannot rely on stored triglycerides to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the β-oxidation of fatty acids during periods of fasting. To compensate, these mice store much higher amounts of glycogen in skeletal muscle and liver than wild-type mice in order to support energy needs during periods of fasting. Our studies demonstrated that there are phenotypic changes in skeletal muscle fibers that reflect an adaptation to this unique metabolic situation. The phenotype of skeletal muscle (soleus, gastrocnemius, plantaris, and extensor digitorum longus [EDL]) from Lpin1-/- was evaluated using various methods including immunohistochemistry for myosin heavy chains (Myh) 1, 2, 2a, 2b, and 2x; enzyme histochemistry for myosin ATPase, cytochrome-c oxidase (COX), and succinyl dehydrogenase (SDH); periodic acid-Schiff; and transmission electron microscopy. Fiber-type changes in the soleus muscle of Lpin1-/- mice were prominent and included decreased Myh1 expression with concomitant increases in Myh2 expression and myosin-ATPase activity; this change was associated with an increase in the presence of Myh1/2a or Myh1/2x hybrid fibers. Alterations in mitochondrial enzyme activity (COX and SDH) were apparent in the myofibers in the soleus, gastrocnemius, plantaris, and EDL muscles. Electron microscopy revealed increases in the subsarcolemmal mitochondrial mass in the muscles of Lpin1-/- mice. These data demonstrate that lipin-1 deficiency results in phenotypic fiber-specific modulation of skeletal muscle necessary for compensatory fuel utilization adaptations in lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani S Sellers
- 1 Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Current address: Drug Safety and Research Development, Pfizer, Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | - S Radma Mahmood
- 1 Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey S Perumal
- 2 Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Frank P Macaluso
- 2 Analytical Imaging Facility, Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Irwin J Kurland
- 3 Department of Medicine (Endocrinology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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21
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Synergistic Effect of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix on Adipogenesis and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase: A Network Pharmacological Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5269731. [PMID: 30210572 PMCID: PMC6126083 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5269731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health threat in developed countries. However, current medications for obesity are limited because of their adverse effects. Interest in natural products for the treatment of obesity is thus rapidly growing. Korean medicine is characterized by the wide use of herbal formulas. However, the combination rule of herbal formulas in Korean medicine lacks experimental evidence. According to Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, the earliest book of herbal medicine, Bupleuri Radix (BR) and Scutellariae Radix (SR) possess the Sangsoo relationship, which means they have synergistic features when used together. Therefore these two are frequently used together in prescriptions such as Sosiho-Tang. In this study, we used the network pharmacological method to predict the interaction between these two herbs and then investigated the effects of BR, SR, and their combination on obesity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. BR, SR, and BR-SR mixture significantly decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of two major adipogenic factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBPα), and their downstream genes, Adipoq, aP2, and Lipin1 in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, the BR-SR mixture had synergistic effects compared with BR or SR on inhibition of adipogenic-gene expressions. BR and SR also inhibited the protein expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα. Furthermore, the two extracts successfully activated AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK α), the key regulator of energy metabolism. When compared to those of BR or SR, the BR-SR mixture showed higher inhibition rates of PPARγ and C/EBPα, along with higher activation rate of AMPK. These results indicate a new potential antiobese pharmacotherapy and also provide scientific evidence supporting the usage of herbal combinations instead of mixtures in Korean medicine.
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22
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Wang J, Wang S, Yan C, Deng Y, Huang Z, Shi P. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis reveals the interacting partners of lipin1. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:753-762. [PMID: 30092116 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As a lipin family founding member, lipin1 exerts dual functions as a phosphatidate phosphatase enzyme and/or a co-transcriptional regulator in lipid metabolism. In fact, it is also involved in many other cell processes. In this study, we utilized pull down assay coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) to unravel protein-protein interaction networks of lipin1 in 293T human embryonic kidney cells. Pull-down assay on the Ni2+ -chelating column was used to isolate lipin1 complexes from 293T cells transfected with 6-His tagged lipin1. The lipin1 complexes were analyzed on Q Exactive mass spectrometer. A total of 30 proteins were identified from label free quantitation of the MS data by Proteome Discoverer platform. The physical interaction between lipin1 and eEF1A1 was further affirmed in 293T cells transfected with 6-His tagged lipin1 and hepatocyte SMMC7721 cells by protein immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence microscopy. Lipin1 also interacted with HIST1H2BK, which was confirmed in SMMC7721 cells by protein immunoprecipitation. Our proteomic analysis implicated lipin1 in novel roles in various cellular processes. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(8):753-762, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Chongjia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yunxia Deng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, 2999 Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
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23
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Fan X, Weng Y, Bai Y, Wang Z, Wang S, Zhu J, Zhang F. Lipin-1 determines lung cancer cell survival and chemotherapy sensitivity by regulation of endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and autophagy. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2541-2554. [PMID: 29659171 PMCID: PMC6010863 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo comprehensive metabolic reprogramming to meet the increased requirements of energy and building blocks for proliferation. Lipin-1, a phosphatidic acid phosphatase converting phosphatidic acid (PA) to diacylglycerol (DAG), is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cell lines and tumor tissues. In this study, we reveal high lipin-1 expression is correlated with poor prognosis of patients with LUAD. Knockdown of lipin-1 decreases cell viability and proliferation in LUAD cells, whereas it has less effect on nontumorigenic lung cells. Autophagy and ER stress play important roles in tumor initiation and progression. Lipin-1 knockdown induces the initiation of autophagy while disrupts formation of autolysosome. Lipin-1 silencing induces the activation of ER stress through the IRE1α pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate disrupted ER homeostasis contributes to the cell phenotype, and the elevated autophagy initiation is due to the ER stress in part. For the first time, we show lack of lipin-1 enhances the sensitivity of LUAD cells to cisplatin treatment. Our results suggest that lipin-1 is a potential target, alone or combined with other treatment, for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Fan
- Core FacilityDepartment of Clinical LaboratoryQuzhou People's HospitalQuzhou, ZhejiangChina
| | - Yuanyuan Weng
- Core FacilityDepartment of Clinical LaboratoryQuzhou People's HospitalQuzhou, ZhejiangChina
| | - Yongfeng Bai
- Core FacilityDepartment of Clinical LaboratoryQuzhou People's HospitalQuzhou, ZhejiangChina
| | - Zongpan Wang
- Department of OncologyQuzhou People's HospitalQuzhou, ZhejiangChina
| | - Siwei Wang
- Core FacilityDepartment of Clinical LaboratoryQuzhou People's HospitalQuzhou, ZhejiangChina
- Department of PharmacologyQuzhou People's HospitalQuzhou, ZhejiangChina
| | - Jin Zhu
- Core FacilityDepartment of Clinical LaboratoryQuzhou People's HospitalQuzhou, ZhejiangChina
| | - Feng Zhang
- Core FacilityDepartment of Clinical LaboratoryQuzhou People's HospitalQuzhou, ZhejiangChina
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24
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Dawoody Nejad L, Serricchio M, Jelk J, Hemphill A, Bütikofer P. TbLpn, a key enzyme in lipid droplet formation and phospholipid metabolism, is essential for mitochondrial integrity and growth of Trypanosoma brucei. Mol Microbiol 2018; 109:105-120. [PMID: 29679486 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian phosphatidic acid phosphatases, also called lipins, show high amino acid sequence identity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pah1p and catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid (PA) to diacylglycerol. Both the substrate and product of the reaction are key precursors for the synthesis of phospholipids and triacylglycerol (TAG). We now show that expression of the Trypanosoma brucei lipin homolog TbLpn is essential for parasite survival in culture. Inducible down-regulation of TbLpn in T. brucei procyclic forms increased cellular PA content, decreased the numbers of lipid droplets, reduced TAG steady-state levels and inhibited in vivo [3 H]TAG formation after labeling trypanosomes with [3 H]glycerol. In addition, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed that depletion of TbLpn caused major alterations in mitochondrial morphology and function, i.e., the appearance of distorted mitochondrial matrix, and reduced ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation. Effects of lipin depletion on mitochondrial integrity have previously not been reported. N- and C-terminally tagged forms of TbLpn were localized in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Dawoody Nejad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Serricchio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Jelk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bütikofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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25
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Wu X, Hutson I, Akk AM, Mascharak S, Pham CTN, Hourcade DE, Brown R, Atkinson JP, Harris CA. Contribution of Adipose-Derived Factor D/Adipsin to Complement Alternative Pathway Activation: Lessons from Lipodystrophy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29531168 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Factor D (FD) is an essential component of the complement alternative pathway (AP). It is an attractive pharmaceutical target because it is an AP-specific protease circulating in blood. Most components of the complement activation pathways are produced by the liver, but FD is highly expressed by adipose tissue. Two critical questions are: 1) to what degree does adipose tissue contribute to circulating FD levels and 2) what quantity of FD is sufficient to maintain a functional AP? To address these issues, we studied a novel mouse strain with complete lipodystrophy (LD), the fld mouse with partial LD, an FD-deficient mouse, and samples from lipodystrophic patients. FD was undetectable in the serum of LD mice, which also showed minimal AP function. Reconstitution with purified FD, serum mixing experiments, and studies of partial LD mice all demonstrated that a low level of serum FD is sufficient for normal AP activity in the mouse system. This conclusion was further supported by experiments in which wild-type adipose precursors were transplanted into LD mice. Our results indicate that almost all FD in mouse serum is derived from adipose tissue. In contrast, FD levels were reduced ∼50% in the sera of patients with congenital generalized LD. Our studies further demonstrate that a relatively small amount of serum FD is sufficient to facilitate significant time-dependent AP activity in humans and in mice. Furthermore, this observation highlights the potential importance of obtaining nearly complete inhibition of FD in treating alternative complement activation in various autoimmune and inflammatory human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110;
| | - Irina Hutson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Antonina M Akk
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Smita Mascharak
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Christine T N Pham
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.,Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63106
| | - Dennis E Hourcade
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814; and
| | - John P Atkinson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Charles A Harris
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110; .,Section of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, St. Louis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63106
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26
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Lehmann M. Endocrine and physiological regulation of neutral fat storage in Drosophila. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 461:165-177. [PMID: 28893568 PMCID: PMC5756521 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
After having revolutionized our understanding of the mechanisms of animal development, Drosophila melanogaster has more recently emerged as an equally valid genetic model in the field of animal metabolism. An increasing number of studies have revealed that many signaling pathways that control metabolism in mammals, including pathways controlled by nutrients (insulin, TOR), steroid hormone, glucagon, and hedgehog, are functionally conserved between mammals and Drosophila. In fact, genetic screens and analyses in Drosophila have identified new players and filled in gaps in the signaling networks that control metabolism. This review focuses on data that show how these networks control the formation and breakdown of triacylglycerol energy stores in the fat tissue of Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lehmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, SCEN 601, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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27
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Bhatia S, Fu Y, Hsiao JHT, Halliday GM, Kim WS. Deletion of Alzheimer's Disease Risk Gene ABCA7 Alters White Adipose Tissue Development and Leptin Levels. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2017; 1:237-247. [PMID: 30480241 PMCID: PMC6159609 DOI: 10.3233/adr-170029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette A7 (ABCA7) is a genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It belongs to a group of transporter genes that specializes in regulating lipid transport in the periphery as well as in the brain. ABCA7 has been implicated in a number of roles relating to AD pathology, including phagocytic clearance of amyloid-β peptides. We have discovered that deletion of ABCA7 in mouse causes a dramatic reduction in white adipose tissue (WAT) in female mice. WAT is important in AD context because it is the primary producer of leptin, which is a hormone that is known to modulate AD neuropathology. WAT in male Abca7–/– mice was not altered. The pathological link between ABCA7 and WAT that impacts on AD is unknown. Our transcription analysis revealed that lipin-1 expression was significantly upregulated in female Abca7–/– mice, indicating that ABCA7 affects WAT development. The circulating leptin level was significantly reduced in female Abca7–/– mice without any change in WAT leptin mRNA or protein expression, indicating that ABCA7 does not affect leptin production, but alters the circulating leptin level indirectly by affecting WAT development. Insulin is a key hormone that regulates WAT development, i.e., adipogenesis, and it was significantly reduced in female Abca7–/– mice. These data when put together suggest that ABCA7 plays a role in regulating WAT development and consequently circulating leptin levels, which are known to modulate AD neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Bhatia
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - YuHong Fu
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jen-Hsiang T Hsiao
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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28
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Pillai AN, Shukla S, Rahaman A. An evolutionarily conserved phosphatidate phosphatase maintains lipid droplet number and endoplasmic reticulum morphology but not nuclear morphology. Biol Open 2017; 6:1629-1643. [PMID: 28954739 PMCID: PMC5703613 DOI: 10.1242/bio.028233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid phosphatases are involved in the biosynthesis of phospholipids and triacylglycerol, and also act as transcriptional regulators. Studies to ascertain their role in lipid metabolism and membrane biogenesis are restricted to Opisthokonta and Archaeplastida. Here, we report the role of phosphatidate phosphatase (PAH) in Tetrahymena thermophila, belonging to the Alveolata clade. We identified two PAH homologs in Tetrahymena, TtPAH1 and TtPAH2 Loss of function of TtPAH1 results in reduced lipid droplet number and an increase in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) content. It also results in more ER sheet structure as compared to wild-type Tetrahymena Surprisingly, we did not observe a visible defect in the nuclear morphology of the ΔTtpah1 mutant. TtPAH1 rescued all known defects in the yeast pah1Δ strain and is conserved functionally between Tetrahymena and yeast. The homologous gene derived from Trypanosoma also rescued the defects of the yeast pah1Δ strain. Our results indicate that PAH, previously known to be conserved among Opisthokonts, is also present in a set of distant lineages. Thus, a phosphatase cascade is evolutionarily conserved and is functionally interchangeable across eukaryotic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Narayana Pillai
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatni, Khurda 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Sushmita Shukla
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatni, Khurda 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Abdur Rahaman
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatni, Khurda 752050, Odisha, India
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29
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Pelosi M, Testet E, Le Lay S, Dugail I, Tang X, Mabilleau G, Hamel Y, Madrange M, Blanc T, Odent T, McMullen TPW, Alfò M, Brindley DN, de Lonlay P. Normal human adipose tissue functions and differentiation in patients with biallelic LPIN1 inactivating mutations. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:2348-2364. [PMID: 28986436 PMCID: PMC5711497 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p075440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipin-1 is a Mg2+-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) that in mice is necessary for normal glycerolipid biosynthesis, controlling adipocyte metabolism, and adipogenic differentiation. Mice carrying inactivating mutations in the Lpin1 gene display the characteristic features of human familial lipodystrophy. Very little is known about the roles of lipin-1 in human adipocyte physiology. Apparently, fat distribution and weight is normal in humans carrying LPIN1 inactivating mutations, but a detailed analysis of adipose tissue appearance and functions in these patients has not been available so far. In this study, we performed a systematic histopathological, biochemical, and gene expression analysis of adipose tissue biopsies from human patients harboring LPIN1 biallelic inactivating mutations and affected by recurrent episodes of severe rhabdomyolysis. We also explored the adipogenic differentiation potential of human mesenchymal cell populations derived from lipin-1 defective patients. White adipose tissue from human LPIN1 mutant patients displayed a dramatic decrease in lipin-1 protein levels and PAP activity, with a concomitant moderate reduction of adipocyte size. Nevertheless, the adipose tissue develops without obvious histological signs of lipodystrophy and with normal qualitative composition of storage lipids. The increased expression of key adipogenic determinants such as SREBP1, PPARG, and PGC1A shows that specific compensatory phenomena can be activated in vivo in human adipocytes with deficiency of functional lipin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pelosi
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Institut Imagine des Maladies Génétiques, Laboratoire de génétique des maladies autoinflammatoires monogéniques, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes et Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades (Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
| | - Eric Testet
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire-UMR 5200, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Soazig Le Lay
- INSERM, UMR1063, Université d'Angers, UBL, Angers, France
| | - Isabelle Dugail
- INSERM, U1166, Equipe 6, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Xiaoyun Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Signal Transduction Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Yamina Hamel
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Institut Imagine des Maladies Génétiques, Laboratoire de génétique des maladies autoinflammatoires monogéniques, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes et Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades (Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
| | - Marine Madrange
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Institut Imagine des Maladies Génétiques, Laboratoire de génétique des maladies autoinflammatoires monogéniques, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes et Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades (Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
| | - Thomas Blanc
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Odent
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades-Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Todd P W McMullen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marco Alfò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - David N Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, Signal Transduction Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pascale de Lonlay
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Institut Imagine des Maladies Génétiques, Laboratoire de génétique des maladies autoinflammatoires monogéniques, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes et Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades (Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
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30
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Wang H, Airola MV, Reue K. How lipid droplets "TAG" along: Glycerolipid synthetic enzymes and lipid storage. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1131-1145. [PMID: 28642195 PMCID: PMC5688854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAG) serve as the predominant form of energy storage in mammalian cells, and TAG synthesis influences conditions such as obesity, fatty liver, and insulin resistance. In most tissues, the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway enzymes are responsible for TAG synthesis, and the regulation and function of these enzymes is therefore important for metabolic homeostasis. Here we review the sites and regulation of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT), lipin phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzyme action. We highlight the critical roles that these enzymes play in human health by reviewing Mendelian disorders that result from mutation in the corresponding genes. We also summarize the valuable insights that genetically engineered mouse models have provided into the cellular and physiological roles of GPATs, AGPATs, lipins and DGATs. Finally, we comment on the status and feasibility of therapeutic approaches to metabolic disease that target enzymes of the glycerol 3-phosphate pathway. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Recent Advances in Lipid Droplet Biology edited by Rosalind Coleman and Matthijs Hesselink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
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31
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Zhang P, Reue K. Lipin proteins and glycerolipid metabolism: Roles at the ER membrane and beyond. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1583-1595. [PMID: 28411173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of glycerolipid biosynthesis is critical for homeostasis of cellular lipid stores and membranes. Here we review the role of lipin phosphatidic acid phosphatase enzymes in glycerolipid synthesis. Lipin proteins are unique among glycerolipid biosynthetic enzymes in their ability to transit among cellular membranes, rather than remain membrane tethered. We focus on the mechanisms that underlie lipin protein interactions with membranes and the versatile roles of lipins in several organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, endolysosomes, lipid droplets, and nucleus. We also review the corresponding physiological roles of lipins, which have been uncovered by the study of genetic lipin deficiencies. We propose that the growing body of knowledge concerning the biochemical and cellular activities of lipin proteins will be valuable for understanding the physiological functions of lipin proteins in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixiang Zhang
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Karen Reue
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, United States.
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32
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Kajimoto K, Suemitsu E, Sato Y, Sakurai Y, Harashima H. Liver-Specific Silencing of Lipin1 Reduces Fat Mass as Well as Hepatic Triglyceride Biosynthesis in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:1653-1661. [PMID: 27725442 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipin1, a bifunctional protein, regulates fatty acid utilization in the triglyceride biosynthesis pathway. In the current study, using a liver-specific in vivo short interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery system, we examined the pathological and physiological roles of hepatic Lipin1 in the development of insulin resistance and the maintenance of systemic energy homeostasis. Liver-specific silencing of Lipin1 expression was achieved by the systemic administration of siRNA against Lpin1 mRNA (siLpin1)-loaded lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to wild type mice at 3-4 d intervals for 25 d. The siLpin1-treated mice showed normal blood glucose levels and insulin sensitivity, however, triglyceride (TG) levels were reduced in liver and peripheral blood of them. The knockdown of hepatic Lipin1 in mice led to marked decrease in adipose tissue mass and adipocyte diameters in epididymal and inguinal fat depots without the undesired silencing of Lipin1 in adipose tissue. In summary, we report for the first time that the down-regulation of hepatic Lipin1 expression leads to less adiposity as well as a decrease in TG level in the liver and blood circulation, without any alterations in the glucose tolerance and blood glucose levels. Our findings may provide new insights into the physiological roles of hepatic Lipin1 in systemic energy homeostasis.
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33
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Shimizu K, Fukushima H, Ogura K, Lien EC, Nihira NT, Zhang J, North BJ, Guo A, Nagashima K, Nakagawa T, Hoshikawa S, Watahiki A, Okabe K, Yamada A, Toker A, Asara JM, Fukumoto S, Nakayama KI, Nakayama K, Inuzuka H, Wei W. The SCFβ-TRCP E3 ubiquitin ligase complex targets Lipin1 for ubiquitination and degradation to promote hepatic lipogenesis. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/460/eaah4117. [PMID: 28049764 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah4117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The SCFβ-TRCP E3 ubiquitin ligase complex plays pivotal roles in normal cellular physiology and in pathophysiological conditions. Identification of β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TRCP) substrates is therefore critical to understand SCFβ-TRCP biology and function. We used a β-TRCP-phosphodegron motif-specific antibody in a β-TRCP substrate screen coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and identified multiple β-TRCP substrates. One of these substrates was Lipin1, an enzyme and suppressor of the family of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors, which activate genes encoding lipogenic factors. We showed that SCFβ-TRCP specifically interacted with and promoted the polyubiquitination of Lipin1 in a manner that required phosphorylation of Lipin1 by mechanistic target of rapamycin 1 (mTORC1) and casein kinase I (CKI). β-TRCP depletion in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells resulted in increased Lipin1 protein abundance, suppression of SREBP-dependent gene expression, and attenuation of triglyceride synthesis. Moreover, β-TRCP1 knockout mice showed increased Lipin1 protein abundance and were protected from hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet. Together, these data reveal a critical physiological function of β-TRCP in regulating hepatic lipid metabolic homeostasis in part through modulating Lipin1 stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Fukushima
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogura
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Evan C Lien
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Naoe Taira Nihira
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brian J North
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ailan Guo
- Cell Signaling Technology Inc., Danvers, MA 01923, USA
| | - Katsuyuki Nagashima
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakagawa
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Seira Hoshikawa
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.,Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Asami Watahiki
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Koji Okabe
- Department of Physiological Science and Molecular Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan
| | - Aya Yamada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Alex Toker
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.,Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Division of Cell Regulation Systems, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inuzuka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. .,Center for Advanced Stem Cell and Regenerative Research, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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34
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Effect of 3-keto-1,5-bisphosphonates on obese-liver's rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:186-193. [PMID: 27470564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an oxidative stress status, which is defined by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) vs. the antioxidant defense system. We report in this present work, the link between fat deposition and oxidative stress markers using a High Fat Diet-(HFD) induced rat obesity and liver-oxidative stress. We further determined the impact of chronic administration of 3-keto-1, 5-BPs 1 (a & b) (40μg/kg/8 weeks/i.p.) on liver's level. In fact, exposure of rats to HFD during 16 weeks induced body and liver weight gain and metabolic disruption with an increase on liver Alanine amino transférase (ALAT) and Aspartate aminotransférase (ASAT) concentration. HFD increased liver calcium level as well as free iron, whereas, it provoked a decrease on liver lipase activity. HFD also induced liver-oxidative stress status vocalized by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) as superoxide radical (O2), hydroxyl radical (OH) and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Consequently, different deleterious damages as an increase on Malon Dialdehyde MDA, Carbonyl protein PC levels with a decrease in non-protein sulfhydryls NPSH concentrations, have been detected. Interestingly, our results demonstrate a decrease in antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidases (GPx) and peroxidases (POD). Importantly, 3-keto-1,5-bisphosphonates treatment corrected the majority of the deleterious effects caused by HFD, but it failed to correct some liver's disruptions as mineral profile, oxidative damages (PC and NPSH levels) as well as SOD and lipase activities. Our investigation point that 3-keto-1,5-bisphosphonates could be considered as safe antioxidant agents on the hepatic level that should also find other potential biological applications.
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35
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Wang R, Wang T, Lu W, Zhang W, Chen W, Kang X, Huang Y. Three indel variants in chicken LPIN1 exon 6/flanking region are associated with performance and carcass traits. Br Poult Sci 2016; 56:621-30. [PMID: 26523976 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2015.1113502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
LPIN1 is a Mg(2+)-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphatase. Variation in chicken LPIN1 exon 6 and its flanking regions were identified and three indel variants in 6 breeds and their associations with performance traits were studied. Seven variants were detected from 6 breeds, which contained a synonymous tri-allelic variant (c.924A/T/C) and three indels. The exon 6 variants detected from chicken breeds were conserved among bird species. The indel variation frequency presented clear differences among breeds. Two coding indels (c.1014-1018del3 and c.1125-1138del12) were multiples of three nucleotides and maintained the open reading frames of LPIN1 proteins. However, they were predicted to result in the clear change of the RNA secondary structure of chicken LPIN1 exon 6 and LPIN1 protein conformation. The association analysis showed that c.871-15-22del6 variation had a significant effect on body weight at hatch (BW0) and 2 weeks (BW2); c. 1014-1018del3 variation had a significant effect on BW4, BW6, caecum length and gizzard weight (GW) traits; c.1125-1138del12 variation had a significant effect on BW12, shank length at 4 weeks (SL4), carcass weight, lactate dehydrogenase traits (LDH), glucose (GLU) and albumin (ALB) traits. The genotype combination for c.1014-1018del3 and c.1125-1138del12 also presented significant effects on SL4, SL8, GW, leg muscle weight, ALB, GLU and LDH. The study demonstrated that chicken LPIN1 has an important effect on body, carcass and organ weight, serum LDH, GLU and ALB level.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- a College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
| | - T Wang
- a College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
| | - W Lu
- a College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
| | - W Zhang
- a College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
| | - W Chen
- a College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
| | - X Kang
- a College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
| | - Y Huang
- a College of Livestock Husbandry and Veterinary Engineering , Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P. R. China
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36
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Han YH, Kee JY, Park J, Kim HL, Jeong MY, Kim DS, Jeon YD, Jung Y, Youn DH, Kang J, So HS, Park R, Lee JH, Shin S, Kim SJ, Um JY, Hong SH. Arctigenin Inhibits Adipogenesis by Inducing AMPK Activation and Reduces Weight Gain in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2067-77. [PMID: 26852013 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Although arctigenin (ARC) has been reported to have some pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, and antioxidant, there have been no reports on the anti-obesity effect of ARC. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ARC has an anti-obesity effect and mediates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. We investigated the anti-adipogenic effect of ARC using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). In high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice, whether ARC can inhibit weight gain was investigated. We found that ARC reduced weight gain, fat pad weight, and triglycerides in HFD-induced obese mice. ARC also inhibited the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) in in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ARC induced the AMPK activation resulting in down-modulation of adipogenesis-related factors including PPARγ, C/EBPα, fatty acid synthase, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, and lipoprotein lipase. This study demonstrates that ARC can reduce key adipogenic factors by activating the AMPK in vitro and in vivo and suggests a therapeutic implication of ARC for obesity treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2067-2077, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Han
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Kee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Lin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Jeong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seung Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Deok Jeon
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Youn
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - JongWook Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Seob So
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Raekil Park
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, 60 Hwarang-ro 13-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Hanny University, 1 Haanydaero, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-Do, 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
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Han YH, Kee JY, Park J, Kim DS, Shin S, Youn DH, Kang J, Jung Y, Lee YM, Park JH, Kim SJ, Um JY, Hong SH. Lipin1-Mediated Repression of Adipogenesis by Rutin. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:565-78. [PMID: 27109161 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rutin, also called rutoside or quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and sophorin, is a glycoside between the flavonol quercetin and the disaccharide rutinose. Although many effects of rutin have been reported in vitro and in vivo, the anti-adipogenic effects of rutin have not been fully reported. The aim of this study was to confirm how rutin regulates adipocyte related factors. In this study, rutin decreased the expressions of adipogenesis-related genes, including peroxisome proliferators, activated receptor [Formula: see text] (PPAR[Formula: see text], CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein [Formula: see text] (C/EBP[Formula: see text], fatty acid synthase, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, and lipoprotein lipase in 3T3-L1 cells. Rutin also repressed the expression of lipin1, which is an upstream regulator that controls PPAR[Formula: see text] and C/EBP[Formula: see text]. In addition, when 3T3-L1 was transfected with lipin1 siRNA to block lipin1 function, rutin did not affect the expressions of PPAR[Formula: see text] and C/EBP[Formula: see text]. These results suggest that rutin has an anti-adipogenic effect that acts through the suppression of lipin1, as well as PPAR[Formula: see text] and C/EBP[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Han
- * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Kee
- * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Seung Kim
- * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Shin
- † Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Youn
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - JongWook Kang
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Han Park
- § Division of Biotechnology and Convergence, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Kim
- ¶ Department of Cosmeceutical Science, Daegu Hanny University, Yugok-dong, Kyungsan 38578, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- ‡ Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- * Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Republic of Korea
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Jiao XL, Jing JJ, Qiao LY, Liu JH, Li LA, Zhang J, Jia XL, Liu WZ. Ontogenetic Expression of Lpin2 and Lpin3 Genes and Their Associations with Traits in Two Breeds of Chinese Fat-tailed Sheep. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:333-42. [PMID: 26950863 PMCID: PMC4811783 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipins play dual function in lipid metabolism by serving as phosphatidate phosphatase and transcriptional co-regulators of gene expression. Mammalian lipin proteins consist of lipin1, lipin2, and lipin3 and are encoded by their respective genes Lpin1, Lpin2, and Lpin3. To date, most studies are concerned with Lpin1, only a few have addressed Lpin2 and Lpin3. Ontogenetic expression of Lpin2 and Lpin3 and their associations with traits would help to explore their molecular and physiological functions in sheep. In this study, 48 animals with an equal number of males and females each for both breeds of fat-tailed sheep such as Guangling Large Tailed (GLT) and Small Tailed Han (STH) were chosen to evaluate the ontogenetic expression of Lpin2 and Lpin3 from eight different tissues and months of age by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Associations between gene expression and slaughter and tail traits were also analyzed. The results showed that Lpin2 mRNA was highly expressed in perirenal and tail fats, and was also substantially expressed in liver, kidney, reproductive organs (testis and ovary), with the lowest levels in small intestine and femoral biceps. Lpin3 mRNA was prominently expressed in liver and small intestine, and was also expressed at high levels in kidney, perirenal and tail fats as well as reproductive organs (testis and ovary), with the lowest level in femoral biceps. Global expression of Lpin2 and Lpin3 in GLT both were significantly higher than those in STH. Spatiotemporal expression showed that the highest levels of Lpin2 expression occurred at 10 months of age in two breeds of sheep, with the lowest expression at 2 months of age in STH and at 8 months of age in GLT. The greatest levels of Lpin3 expression occurred at 4 months of age in STH and at 10 months of age in GLT, with the lowest expression at 12 months of age in STH and at 8 months of age in GLT. Breed and age significantly influenced the tissue expression patterns of Lpin2 and Lpin3, respectively, and sex significantly influenced the spatiotemporal expression patterns of Lpin3. Meanwhile, Lpin2 and Lpin3 mRNA expression both showed significant correlations with slaughter and tail traits, and the associations appear to be related with the ontogenetic expression as well as the potential functions of lipin2 and lipin3 in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030-801, China ; College of Animal Science and Veterinary medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300-384, China
| | - Jiong-Jie Jing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030-801, China
| | - Li-Ying Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030-801, China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030-801, China
| | - Liu-An Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300-384, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030-801, China
| | - Xia-Li Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030-801, China
| | - Wen-Zhong Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030-801, China
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Schmitt S, Ugrankar R, Greene SE, Prajapati M, Lehmann M. Drosophila Lipin interacts with insulin and TOR signaling pathways in the control of growth and lipid metabolism. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4395-406. [PMID: 26490996 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.173740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipin proteins have key functions in lipid metabolism, acting as both phosphatidate phosphatases (PAPs) and nuclear regulators of gene expression. We show that the insulin and TORC1 pathways independently control functions of Drosophila Lipin (dLipin). Reduced signaling through the insulin receptor strongly enhanced defects caused by dLipin deficiency in fat body development, whereas reduced signaling through TORC1 led to translocation of dLipin into the nucleus. Reduced expression of dLipin resulted in decreased signaling through the insulin-receptor-controlled PI3K-Akt pathway and increased hemolymph sugar levels. Consistent with this, downregulation of dLipin in fat body cell clones caused a strong growth defect. The PAP but not the nuclear activity of dLipin was required for normal insulin pathway activity. Reduction of other enzymes of the glycerol-3 phosphate pathway affected insulin pathway activity in a similar manner, suggesting an effect that is mediated by one or more metabolites associated with the pathway. Taken together, our data show that dLipin is subject to intricate control by the insulin and TORC1 pathways, and that the cellular status of dLipin impacts how fat body cells respond to signals relayed through the PI3K-Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schmitt
- Department of Biological Sciences, SCEN 601, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Rupali Ugrankar
- Department of Biological Sciences, SCEN 601, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Stephanie E Greene
- Department of Biological Sciences, SCEN 601, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Meenakshi Prajapati
- Department of Biological Sciences, SCEN 601, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Michael Lehmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, SCEN 601, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Schrauwen I, Szelinger S, Siniard AL, Kurdoglu A, Corneveaux JJ, Malenica I, Richholt R, Van Camp G, De Both M, Swaminathan S, Turk M, Ramsey K, Craig DW, Narayanan V, Huentelman MJ. A Frame-Shift Mutation in CAV1 Is Associated with a Severe Neonatal Progeroid and Lipodystrophy Syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131797. [PMID: 26176221 PMCID: PMC4503302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 3-year-old female patient presenting with an unknown syndrome of a neonatal progeroid appearance, lipodystrophy, pulmonary hypertension, cutis marmorata, feeding disorder and failure to thrive was investigated by whole-genome sequencing. This revealed a de novo, heterozygous, frame-shift mutation in the Caveolin1 gene (CAV1) (p.Phe160X). Mutations in CAV1, encoding the main component of the caveolae in plasma membranes, cause Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 3 (BSCL). Although BSCL is recessive, heterozygous carriers either show a reduced phenotype of partial lipodystrophy, pulmonary hypertension, or no phenotype. To investigate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this syndrome in more depth, we performed next generation RNA sequencing of peripheral blood, which showed several dysregulated pathways in the patient that might be related to the phenotypic progeroid features (apoptosis, DNA repair/replication, mitochondrial). Secondly, we found a significant down-regulation of known Cav1 interaction partners, verifying the dysfunction of CAV1. Other known progeroid genes and lipodystrophy genes were also dysregulated. Next, western blotting of lysates of cultured fibroblasts showed that the patient shows a significantly decreased expression of wild-type CAV1 protein, demonstrating a loss-of-function mutation, though her phenotype is more severe that other heterozygotes with similar mutations. This phenotypic variety could be explained by differences in genetic background. Indications for this are supported by additional rare variants we found in AGPAT2 and LPIN1 lipodystrophy genes. CAV1, AGPAT2 and LPIN1 all play an important role in triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis in adipose tissue, and the defective function in different parts of this pathway, though not all to the same extend, could contribute to a more severe lipoatrophic phenotype in this patient. In conclusion, we report, for the first time, an association of CAV1 dysfunction with a syndrome of severe premature aging and lipodystrophy. This may contribute to a better understanding of the aging process and pathogenic mechanisms that contribute to premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Schrauwen
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Szabolcs Szelinger
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Ashley L. Siniard
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Ahmet Kurdoglu
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Jason J. Corneveaux
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Ivana Malenica
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Ryan Richholt
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matt De Both
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Shanker Swaminathan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Mari Turk
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - David W. Craig
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Huentelman
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Prieur X, Le May C, Magré J, Cariou B. Congenital lipodystrophies and dyslipidemias. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2015; 16:437. [PMID: 25047893 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-014-0437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipodystrophies are rare acquired and genetic disorders characterized by the selective loss of adipose tissue. One key metabolic feature of patients with congenital inherited lipodystrophy is hypertriglyceridemia. The precise mechanisms by which the lack of adipose tissue causes dyslipidemia remain largely unknown. In recent years, new insights have arisen from data obtained in vitro in adipocytes, yeast, drosophila, and very recently in several genetically modified mouse models of generalized lipodystrophy. A common metabolic pathway involving accelerated lipolysis and defective energy storage seems to contribute to the dyslipidemia associated with congenital generalized lipodystrophy syndromes, although the pathophysiological changes may vary with the nature of the mutation involved. Therapeutic management of dyslipidemia in patients with lipodystrophy is primarily based on specific approaches using recombinant leptin therapy. Preclinical studies suggest a potential efficacy of thiazolidinediones that remains to be assessed in dedicated clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Prieur
- INSERM U1087-CNRS UMR 6291, L'institut du Thorax, 8 quai Moncousu, 44007, Nantes Cedex 1, France,
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Walton RG, Zhu B, Unal R, Spencer M, Sunkara M, Morris AJ, Charnigo R, Katz WS, Daugherty A, Howatt DA, Kern PA, Finlin BS. Increasing adipocyte lipoprotein lipase improves glucose metabolism in high fat diet-induced obesity. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11547-56. [PMID: 25784555 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle contributes to co-morbidities associated with diabetes and obesity. We made a transgenic mouse in which the adiponectin (Adipoq) promoter drives expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adipocytes to potentially increase adipose tissue lipid storage. These mice (Adipoq-LPL) have improved glucose and insulin tolerance as well as increased energy expenditure when challenged with a high fat diet (HFD). To identify the mechanism(s) involved, we determined whether the Adipoq-LPL mice diverted dietary lipid to adipose tissue to reduce peripheral lipotoxicity, but we found no evidence for this. Instead, characterization of the adipose tissue of the male mice after HFD challenge revealed that the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and a number of PPARγ-regulated genes were higher in the epididymal fat pads of Adipoq-LPL mice than control mice. This included adiponectin, whose mRNA levels were increased, leading to increased adiponectin serum levels in the Adipoq-LPL mice. In many respects, the adipose phenotype of these animals resembles thiazolidinedione treatment except for one important difference, the Adipoq-LPL mice did not gain more fat mass on HFD than control mice and did not have increased expression of genes in adipose such as glycerol kinase, which are induced by high affinity PPAR agonists. Rather, there was selective induction of PPARγ-regulated genes such as adiponectin in the adipose of the Adipoq-LPL mice, suggesting that increasing adipose tissue LPL improves glucose metabolism in diet-induced obesity by improving the adipose tissue phenotype. Adipoq-LPL mice also have increased energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Grace Walton
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | - Beibei Zhu
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | - Resat Unal
- the Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48000 Mugla, Turkey
| | - Michael Spencer
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | | | | | | | - Wendy S Katz
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, and
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536 and
| | - Deborah A Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536 and
| | - Philip A Kern
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center
| | - Brian S Finlin
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center,
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43
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Schweitzer GG, Chen Z, Gan C, McCommis KS, Soufi N, Chrast R, Mitra MS, Yang K, Gross RW, Finck BN. Liver-specific loss of lipin-1-mediated phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity does not mitigate intrahepatic TG accumulation in mice. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:848-58. [PMID: 25722343 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m055962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipin proteins (lipin 1, 2, and 3) regulate glycerolipid homeostasis by acting as phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (PAP) enzymes in the TG synthesis pathway and by regulating DNA-bound transcription factors to control gene transcription. Hepatic PAP activity could contribute to hepatic fat accumulation in response to physiological and pathophysiological stimuli. To examine the role of lipin 1 in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, we generated mice that are deficient in lipin-1-encoded PAP activity in a liver-specific manner (Alb-Lpin1(-/-) mice). This allele of lipin 1 was still able to transcriptionally regulate the expression of its target genes encoding fatty acid oxidation enzymes, and the expression of these genes was not affected in Alb-Lpin1(-/-) mouse liver. Hepatic PAP activity was significantly reduced in mice with liver-specific lipin 1 deficiency. However, hepatocytes from Alb-Lpin1(-/-) mice had normal rates of TG synthesis, and steady-state hepatic TG levels were unaffected under fed and fasted conditions. Furthermore, Alb-Lpin1(-/-) mice were not protected from intrahepatic accumulation of diacylglycerol and TG after chronic feeding of a diet rich in fat and fructose. Collectively, these data demonstrate that marked deficits in hepatic PAP activity do not impair TG synthesis and accumulation under acute or chronic conditions of lipid overload.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhouji Chen
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Connie Gan
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Nisreen Soufi
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Roman Chrast
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Kui Yang
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Richard W Gross
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Brian N Finck
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Cartwright BR, Binns DD, Hilton CL, Han S, Gao Q, Goodman JM. Seipin performs dissectible functions in promoting lipid droplet biogenesis and regulating droplet morphology. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:726-39. [PMID: 25540432 PMCID: PMC4325842 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-08-1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in seipin cause severe lipodystrophy, yet seipin's function in incompletely understood. Seipin is shown here to be important specifically for initiation of droplet formation, and a deletion mutant allows dissection of this function from maintenance of droplet morphology and vectorial droplet budding. Seipin is necessary for both adipogenesis and lipid droplet (LD) organization in nonadipose tissues; however, its molecular function is incompletely understood. Phenotypes in the seipin-null mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae include aberrant droplet morphology (endoplasmic reticulum–droplet clusters and size heterogeneity) and sensitivity of droplet size to changes in phospholipid synthesis. It has not been clear, however, whether seipin acts in initiation of droplet synthesis or at a later step. Here we utilize a system of de novo droplet formation to show that the absence of seipin results in a delay in droplet appearance with concomitant accumulation of neutral lipid in membranes. We also demonstrate that seipin is required for vectorial budding of droplets toward the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we find that the normal rate of droplet initiation depends on 14 amino acids at the amino terminus of seipin, deletion of which results in fewer, larger droplets that are consistent with a delay in initiation but are otherwise normal in morphology. Importantly, other functions of seipin, namely vectorial budding and resistance to inositol, are retained in this mutant. We conclude that seipin has dissectible roles in both promoting early LD initiation and in regulating LD morphology, supporting its importance in LD biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany R Cartwright
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235-9041
| | - Derk D Binns
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235-9041
| | - Christopher L Hilton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235-9041
| | - Sungwon Han
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235-9041
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235-9041
| | - Joel M Goodman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235-9041
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45
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Abstract
Obesity impairs male fertility, providing evidence for a link between adipose tissue and reproductive function; however, potential consequences of adipose tissue paucity on fertility remain unknown. Lack of s.c. fat is a hallmark of Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy type 2 (BSCL2), which is caused by mutations in BSCL2-encoding seipin. Mice with a targeted deletion of murine seipin model BSCL2 with severe lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, and fatty liver but also exhibit male sterility. Here, we report teratozoospermia syndrome in a lipodystrophic patient with compound BSCL2 mutations, with sperm defects resembling the defects of infertile seipin null mutant mice. Analysis of conditional mouse mutants revealed that adipocyte-specific loss of seipin causes progressive lipodystrophy without affecting fertility, whereas loss of seipin in germ cells results in complete male infertility and teratozoospermia. Spermatids of the human patient and mice devoid of seipin in germ cells are morphologically abnormal with large ectopic lipid droplets and aggregate in dysfunctional clusters. Elevated levels of phosphatidic acid accompanied with an altered ratio of polyunsaturated to monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids in mutant mouse testes indicate impaired phospholipid homeostasis during spermiogenesis. We conclude that testicular but not adipose tissue-derived seipin is essential for male fertility by modulating testicular phospholipid homeostasis.
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46
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Targeting Hepatic Glycerolipid Synthesis and Turnover to Treat Fatty Liver Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/498369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of metabolic abnormalities ranging from simple hepatic steatosis (accumulation of neutral lipid) to development of steatotic lesions, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis. NAFLD is extremely prevalent in obese individuals and with the epidemic of obesity; nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become the most common cause of liver disease in the developed world. NASH is rapidly emerging as a prominent cause of liver failure and transplantation. Moreover, hepatic steatosis is tightly linked to risk of developing insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Abnormalities in hepatic lipid metabolism are part and parcel of the development of NAFLD and human genetic studies and work conducted in experimentally tractable systems have identified a number of enzymes involved in fat synthesis and degradation that are linked to NAFLD susceptibility as well as progression to NASH. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of our knowledge on these pathways and focus on how they contribute to etiology of NAFLD and related metabolic diseases.
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47
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Csaki LS, Dwyer JR, Li X, Nguyen MHK, Dewald J, Brindley DN, Lusis AJ, Yoshinaga Y, de Jong P, Fong L, Young SG, Reue K. Lipin-1 and lipin-3 together determine adiposity in vivo. Mol Metab 2013; 3:145-54. [PMID: 24634820 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipin protein family of phosphatidate phosphatases has an established role in triacylglycerol synthesis and storage. Physiological roles for lipin-1 and lipin-2 have been identified, but the role of lipin-3 has remained mysterious. Using lipin single- and double-knockout models we identified a cooperative relationship between lipin-3 and lipin-1 that influences adipogenesis in vitro and adiposity in vivo. Furthermore, natural genetic variations in Lpin1 and Lpin3 expression levels across 100 mouse strains correlate with adiposity. Analysis of PAP activity in additional metabolic tissues from lipin single- and double-knockout mice also revealed roles for lipin-1 and lipin-3 in spleen, kidney, and liver, for lipin-1 alone in heart and skeletal muscle, and for lipin-1 and lipin-2 in lung and brain. Our findings establish that lipin-1 and lipin-3 cooperate in vivo to determine adipose tissue PAP activity and adiposity, and may have implications in understanding the protection of lipin-1-deficient humans from overt lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren S Csaki
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer R Dwyer
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael H K Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jay Dewald
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yuko Yoshinaga
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA ; Current address: Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA
| | - Pieter de Jong
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Loren Fong
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA ; Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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48
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Abstract
At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and many investigators, even in related disciplines, find many of these genes and the related pathways entirely foreign. Medical schools generally do not attempt to incorporate the relevant molecular biology into their curriculum. A number of key signaling pathways are highly relevant to atherogenesis and are presented to provide a context for the gene manipulations summarized herein. The pathways include the following: the insulin receptor (and other receptor tyrosine kinases); Ras and MAPK activation; TNF-α and related family members leading to activation of NF-κB; effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on signaling; endothelial adaptations to flow including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and integrin-related signaling; activation of endothelial and other cells by modified lipoproteins; purinergic signaling; control of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, migration, and further activation; foam cell formation; and macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell signaling related to proliferation, efferocytosis, and apoptosis. This review is intended primarily as an introduction to these key signaling pathways. They have become the focus of modern atherosclerosis research and will undoubtedly provide a rich resource for future innovation toward intervention and prevention of the number one cause of death in the modern world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Lipins, lipinopathies, and the modulation of cellular lipid storage and signaling. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:305-16. [PMID: 23603613 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Members of the lipin protein family are phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) enzymes, which catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol, the penultimate step in TAG synthesis. Lipins are unique among the glycerolipid biosynthetic enzymes in that they also promote fatty acid oxidation through their activity as co-regulators of gene expression by DNA-bound transcription factors. Lipin function has been evolutionarily conserved from a single ortholog in yeast to the mammalian family of three lipin proteins-lipin-1, lipin-2, and lipin-3. In mice and humans, the levels of lipin activity are a determinant of TAG storage in diverse cell types, and humans with deficiency in lipin-1 or lipin-2 have severe metabolic diseases. Recent work has highlighted the complex physiological interactions between members of the lipin protein family, which exhibit both overlapping and unique functions in specific tissues. The analysis of "lipinopathies" in mouse models and in humans has revealed an important role for lipin activity in the regulation of lipid intermediates (phosphatidate and diacylglycerol), which influence fundamental cellular processes including adipocyte and nerve cell differentiation, adipocyte lipolysis, and hepatic insulin signaling. The elucidation of lipin molecular and physiological functions could lead to novel approaches to modulate cellular lipid storage and metabolic disease.
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50
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Li S, Chen W, Kang X, Han R, Sun G, Huang Y. Distinct tissue expression profiles of chicken Lpin1-α/β isoforms and the effect of the variation on muscle fiber traits. Gene 2013; 515:281-90. [PMID: 23266642 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suya Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
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