1
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Wupperfeld D, Fricker G, Bois De Fer B, Popovic B. Essential phospholipids impact cytokine secretion and alter lipid-metabolizing enzymes in human hepatocyte cell lines. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:572-584. [PMID: 38664334 PMCID: PMC11126482 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential phospholipids (EPL) are hepatoprotective. METHODS The effects on interleukin (IL)-6 and -8 secretion and on certain lipid-metabolizing enzymes of non-cytotoxic concentrations of EPL (0.1 and 0.25 mg/ml), polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC), and phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) (both at 0.1 and 1 mg/ml), compared with untreated controls, were assessed in human hepatocyte cell lines (HepG2, HepaRG, and steatotic HepaRG). RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-6 secretion was significantly decreased in HepaRG cells by most phospholipids, and significantly increased in steatotic HepaRG cells with at least one concentration of EPL and PtdIns. LPS-induced IL-8 secretion was significantly increased in HepaRG and steatotic HepaRG cells with all phospholipids. All phospholipids significantly decreased amounts of fatty acid synthase in steatotic HepaRG cells and the amounts of acyl-CoA oxidase in HepaRG cells. Amounts of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase were significantly decreased in HepG2 and HepaRG cells by most phospholipids, and significantly increased with 0.1 mg/ml PPC (HepaRG cells) and 1 mg/ml PtdIns (steatotic HepaRG cells). Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was unaffected by any phospholipid in any cell line. CONCLUSIONS EPL, PPC, and PtdIns impacted the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and affected amounts of several key lipid-metabolizing enzymes in human hepatocyte cell lines. Such changes may help liver function improvement, and provide further insights into the EPL's mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wupperfeld
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Branko Popovic
- Sanofi, Frankfurt am Main, K607, 65929, Industriepark Hoechst, Germany.
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2
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Caron NS, Aly AEE, Findlay Black H, Martin DDO, Schmidt ME, Ko S, Anderson C, Harvey EM, Casal LL, Anderson LM, Rahavi SMR, Reid GSD, Oda MN, Stanimirovic D, Abulrob A, McBride JL, Leavitt BR, Hayden MR. Systemic delivery of mutant huntingtin lowering antisense oligonucleotides to the brain using apolipoprotein A-I nanodisks for Huntington disease. J Control Release 2024; 367:27-44. [PMID: 38215984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Efficient delivery of therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a major challenge for the treatment of neurological diseases. Huntington disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide expansion mutation in the HTT gene which codes for a toxic mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein. Pharmacological reduction of mHTT in the CNS using antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) ameliorates HD-like phenotypes in rodent models of HD, with such therapies being investigated in clinical trials for HD. In this study, we report the optimization of apolipoprotein A-I nanodisks (apoA-I NDs) as vehicles for delivery of a HTT-targeted ASO (HTT ASO) to the brain and peripheral organs for HD. We demonstrate that apoA-I wild type (WT) and the apoA-I K133C mutant incubated with a synthetic lipid, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, can self-assemble into monodisperse discoidal particles with diameters <20 nm that transmigrate across an in vitro blood-brain barrier model of HD. We demonstrate that apoA-I NDs are well tolerated in vivo, and that apoA-I K133C NDs show enhanced distribution to the CNS and peripheral organs compared to apoA-I WT NDs following systemic administration. ApoA-I K133C conjugated with HTT ASO forms NDs (HTT ASO NDs) that induce significant mHTT lowering in the liver, skeletal muscle and heart as well as in the brain when delivered intravenously in the BACHD mouse model of HD. Furthermore, HTT ASO NDs increase the magnitude of mHTT lowering in the striatum and cortex compared to HTT ASO alone following intracerebroventricular administration. These findings demonstrate the potential utility of apoA-I NDs as biocompatible vehicles for enhancing delivery of mutant HTT lowering ASOs to the CNS and peripheral organs for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Caron
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amirah E-E Aly
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hailey Findlay Black
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dale D O Martin
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mandi E Schmidt
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Seunghyun Ko
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christine Anderson
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Emily M Harvey
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lorenzo L Casal
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa M Anderson
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Seyed M R Rahavi
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gregor S D Reid
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Danica Stanimirovic
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abedelnasser Abulrob
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jodi L McBride
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Blair R Leavitt
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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3
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Lyytinen AT, Yesmean M, Manninen S, Lankinen M, Bhalke M, Fredrikson L, Käkelä RT, Öörni K, Schwab US. Fatty fish consumption reduces lipophilic index in erythrocyte membranes and serum phospholipids. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1453-1460. [PMID: 37156666 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lipophilic index (LI) has been introduced to assess the overall fatty acid lipophilicity and as a simple estimate of membrane fluidity. However, little is known on effect of diet on LI. We tested if Camelina sativa oil (CSO) high in ALA, fatty fish (FF) or lean fish (LF) affect LI as compared to control diet and, secondarily, if the LI is associated with HDL lipids and functionality and LDL lipidome. METHODS AND RESULTS We used data from two randomized clinical trials. The AlfaFish intervention lasted 12 weeks and 79 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were randomized to FF, LF, CSO or control group. In the Fish trial, 33 subjects with myocardial infarction or unstable ischemic heart attack were randomized to FF, LF or control group for 8 weeks. LI was calculated from erythrocyte membrane fatty acids in AlfaFish and from serum phospholipids in Fish trial. HDL lipids were measured using high-throughput proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. There was a significant decrease in LI in the FF group in the AlfaFish (fold change 0.98 ± 0.03) and in the Fish trial (0.95 ± 0.04) and the decrease differed from that of control group in both trials and from CSO group in the AlfaFish study. There were no significant changes in LI in LF or CSO groups. The mean diameter of HDL particles and concentration of large HDL particles were inversely associated with LI. CONCLUSION FF consumption decreased LI indicating better membrane fluidity in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arja T Lyytinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Monira Yesmean
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi Manninen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Monika Bhalke
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Fredrikson
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reijo T Käkelä
- Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE) and Biocenter Finland, Helsinki, Finland; Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Öörni
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ursula S Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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4
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Zhou T, Yang K, Huang J, Fu W, Yan C, Wang Y. Effect of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Metabolites in H460 Lung Cancer Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052357. [PMID: 36903601 PMCID: PMC10005177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common primary malignant lung tumor. However, the etiology of lung cancer is still unclear. Fatty acids include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as essential components of lipids. SCFAs can enter the nucleus of cancer cells, inhibit histone deacetylase activity, and upregulate histone acetylation and crotonylation. Meanwhile, PUFAs can inhibit lung cancer cells. Moreover, they also play an essential role in inhibiting migration and invasion. However, the mechanisms and different effects of SCFAs and PUFAs on lung cancer remain unclear. Sodium acetate, butyrate, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid were selected to treat H460 lung cancer cells. Through untargeted metabonomics, it was observed that the differential metabolites were concentrated in energy metabolites, phospholipids, and bile acids. Then, targeted metabonomics was conducted for these three target types. Three LC-MS/MS methods were established for 71 compounds, including energy metabolites, phospholipids, and bile acids. The subsequent methodology validation results were used to verify the validity of the method. The targeted metabonomics results show that, in H460 lung cancer cells incubated with linolenic acid and linoleic acid, while the content of PCs increased significantly, the content of Lyso PCs decreased significantly. This demonstrates that there are significant changes in LCAT content before and after administration. Through subsequent WB and RT-PCR experiments, the result was verified. We demonstrated a substantial metabolic disparity between the dosing and control groups, further verifying the reliability of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chao Yan
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-21-3420-5673 (C.Y.); +86-21-3420-5673 (Y.W.)
| | - Yan Wang
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-21-3420-5673 (C.Y.); +86-21-3420-5673 (Y.W.)
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5
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Thakkar H, Vincent V, Roy A, Gautam AK, Kutum R, Ramakrishnan L, Singh S, Singh A. Determinants of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functions beyond proteome in Asian Indians: exploring the fatty acid profile of HDL phospholipids. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:559-570. [PMID: 34843015 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04304-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Impaired high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functions are associated with development of coronary artery disease. In this study, we explored the quantitative differences in HDL (i.e. HDL proteome and fatty acid profile of HDL phospholipids) underlying the functional deficits associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The relationship between HDL function and composition was assessed in 65 consecutive ACS patients and 40 healthy controls. Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL and lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity were significantly lower in patients with ACS compared to controls. In HDL proteome analysis, HDL isolated from ACS individuals was enriched in apolipoprotein C2 (inhibitor of LCAT), apolipoprotein C4 and serum amyloid A proteins and was deficient in apolipoprotein A-I and A-II. The fatty acid profile of HDL phospholipids analyzed using gas chromatography showed significantly lower percentages of stearic acid (17.4 ± 2.4 vs 15.8 ± 2.8, p = 0.004) and omega-3 fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (1.0 (0.6-1.4) vs 0.7 (0.4-1.0), p = 0.009) and docosahexaenoic acid (1.5 ± 0.7 vs 1.3 ± 0.5, p = 0.03)] in ACS patients compared to controls. Lower percentages of these fatty acids in HDL were associated with higher odds of developing ACS. Our results suggest that distinct phospholipid fatty acid profiles found in HDL from ACS patients could be one of the contributing factors to the deranged HDL functions in these patients apart from the protein content and the inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Thakkar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinnyfred Vincent
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ambuj Roy
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Gautam
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rintu Kutum
- Informatics and Big Data Unit, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi, India
| | - Lakshmy Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, Cardiothoracic and Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archna Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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6
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Ali R, Baban R, Ali S. Evaluation of lipid metabolizing enzymes: Paraxonase1 (PON1) and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities in children with nephrotic syndrome. BAGHDAD JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.47419/bjbabs.v2i01.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The most common glomerular disorder in children is nephrotic syndrome, associated with high morbidity despite notable advances in its treatment. Many of the nephrotic syndrome complications, including the increased risk of atherosclerosis and thromboembolism, can be linked to dysregulated lipid metabolism and dyslipidemia. Paraoxonase enzyme is responsible for the most of the antioxidant properties of HDL, thus preventing the formation of atherogenic ox-LDL molecules, and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase is intimately involved in HDL maturation and is a key component of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, which removes excess cholesterol molecules from the peripheral tissues to the liver for excretion.
Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the serum activities of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in children with nephrotic syndrome in an active phase (as newly diagnosed or old cases with acute relapse). Also, to study any correlation exists between paraoxonase-1 activity and lipid profile.
Methods: This study consists of group 1 with 40 cases of nephrotic syndrome in the age group of (2-14 years) and group 2 with 40 age and sex-matched healthy controls. Lipid profile and paraoxonase activity, lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activities were measured in both groups’ serum samples.
Results: Statistical analysis of student’s t-test showed that the mean levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL were significantly increased in group 1 when compared to Group 2 (p <0.001). PON1 and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase levels were significantly lower in group 1 compared to group 2, and there is no significant difference among nephrotic groups.
Conclusions: Both paraoxonase-1 enzyme and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase are considered good promising predictors for nephrotic syndrome and other parameters such as LDL, HDL, and TG. The significantly decreased paraoxonase-1 enzyme and lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activities result in increased oxidation of LDL, thus accelerating atherosclerosis.
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7
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Meikle PJ, Formosa MF, Mellett NA, Jayawardana KS, Giles C, Bertovic DA, Jennings GL, Childs W, Reddy M, Carey AL, Baradi A, Nanayakkara S, Wilson AM, Duffy SJ, Kingwell BA. HDL Phospholipids, but Not Cholesterol Distinguish Acute Coronary Syndrome From Stable Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e011792. [PMID: 31131674 PMCID: PMC6585356 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Although acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, relationships with biologically active lipid species potentially associated with plaque disruption/erosion in the context of their lipoprotein carriers are indeterminate. The aim was to characterize lipid species within lipoprotein particles which differentiate ACS from stable coronary artery disease. Methods and Results Venous blood was obtained from 130 individuals with de novo presentation of an ACS (n=47) or stable coronary artery disease (n=83) before coronary catheterization. Lipidomic measurements (533 lipid species; liquid chromatography electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry) were performed on whole plasma as well as 2 lipoprotein subfractions: apolipoprotein A1 (apolipoprotein A, high-density lipoprotein) and apolipoprotein B. Compared with stable coronary artery disease, ACS plasma was lower in phospholipids including lyso species and plasmalogens, with the majority of lipid species differing in abundance located within high-density lipoprotein (high-density lipoprotein, 113 lipids; plasma, 73 lipids). Models including plasma lipid species alone improved discrimination between the stable and ACS groups by 0.16 (C-statistic) compared with conventional risk factors. Models utilizing lipid species either in plasma or within lipoprotein fractions had a similar ability to discriminate groups, though the C-statistic was highest for plasma lipid species (0.80; 95% CI, 0.75-0.86). Conclusions Multiple lysophospholipids, but not cholesterol, featured among the lipids which were present at low concentration within high-density lipoprotein of those presenting with ACS. Lipidomics, when applied to either whole plasma or lipoprotein fractions, was superior to conventional risk factors in discriminating ACS from stable coronary artery disease. These associative mechanistic insights elucidate potential new preventive, prognostic, and therapeutic avenues for ACS which require investigation in prospective analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Corey Giles
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia
| | - David A. Bertovic
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia
- Department of CardiologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneAustralia
| | - Garry L. Jennings
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia
- Department of CardiologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneAustralia
| | - Wayne Childs
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia
- Department of CardiologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneAustralia
- Box Hill HospitalMelbourneAustralia
| | - Medini Reddy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia
| | | | | | - Shane Nanayakkara
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia
- Department of CardiologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneAustralia
| | | | - Stephen J. Duffy
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia
- Department of CardiologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneAustralia
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8
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Hui L, Shuangshuang G, Jianning Y, Zhendan S. Systemic analysis of gene expression profiles in porcine granulosa cells during aging. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96588-96603. [PMID: 29228554 PMCID: PMC5722506 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies have revealed that aging is a negative factor that suppresses granulosa cell functions and causes low fertility in women. However, the difference in gene expression between normal and aging granulosa cells remains undefined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the gene expression profiles of granulosa cells during aging. Granulosa cells from young healthy porcine ovaries were aged in vitro by prolonging the culture time (for 48h). First, the extracellular ultrastructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy followed by RNA-seq and KEGG pathway analysis. The results showed that the extracellular ultrastructure was significantly altered by aging; cell membranes were rough, and cavitations were found. Moreover, the formations of filopodia were greatly reduced. RNA-seq data revealed that 3411 genes were differentially expressed during aging, of which 2193 genes were up-regulated and 1218 genes were down-regulated. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that 25 pathways including pathway in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion, proteoglycans in cancer, and cAMP signaling pathway were the most changed. Moreover, several high differentially expressed genes (CEBPB, CXCL12, ANGPT2, IGFBP3, and BBOX1) were identified in aging granulosa cells, The expressions of these genes and genes associated with extracellular matrix remodeling associated genes (TIMP3, MMP2, MMP3, and CTGF), energy metabolism associated genes (SLC2A1, PPARγ) and steroidogenesis associated genes (StAR, CYP11A1 and LHCGR) were confirmed by quantitative PCR. This study identifies the differently changed pathways and their related genes, contributes to the understanding of aging in granulosa cells, and provides an important foundation for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo Shuangshuang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Jianning
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi Zhendan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
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9
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Abe M, Sawada Y, Uno S, Chigasaki S, Oku M, Sakai Y, Miyoshi H. Role of Acyl Chain Composition of Phosphatidylcholine in Tafazzin-Mediated Remodeling of Cardiolipin in Liposomes. Biochemistry 2017; 56:6268-6280. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Abe
- Division of Applied Life
Sciences,
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawada
- Division of Applied Life
Sciences,
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shinpei Uno
- Division of Applied Life
Sciences,
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shuhei Chigasaki
- Division of Applied Life
Sciences,
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahide Oku
- Division of Applied Life
Sciences,
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Sakai
- Division of Applied Life
Sciences,
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideto Miyoshi
- Division of Applied Life
Sciences,
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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10
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Liu Q, Lichtenstein AH, Matthan NR, Howe CJ, Allison MA, Howard BV, Martin LW, Valdiviezo C, Manson JE, Liu S, Eaton CB. Higher Lipophilic Index Indicates Higher Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Postmenopausal Women. Lipids 2017; 52:687-702. [PMID: 28689316 PMCID: PMC6903800 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) are essential components of cell membranes and play an integral role in membrane fluidity. The lipophilic index [LI, defined as the sum of the products between FA levels and melting points (°C), divided by the total amount of FA: [Formula: see text]] is thought to reflect membrane and lipoprotein fluidity and may be associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Therefore, we examined the associations of dietary and plasma phospholipid (PL) LI with CHD risk among postmenopausal women. We determined dietary LI for the cohort with completed baseline food frequency questionnaires and free of prevalent cardiovascular diseases in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) observational study (N = 85,563). We additionally determined plasma PL LI in a matched case-control study (N = 2428) nested within the WHI observational cohort study. Cox proportional hazard regression and multivariable conditional logistic regression were used to calculate HRs/ORs for CHD risk between quartiles of LI after adjusting for potential sources of confounding and selection bias. Higher dietary LI in the cohort study and plasma PL LI in the case-control study were significantly associated with increased risk of CHD: HR = 1.18 (95% CI 1.07-1.31, P for trend <0.01) and OR = 1.76 (95% CI 1.33-2.33, P for trend <0.01) comparing extreme quartiles and adjusting for potential confounders. These associations still persisted after adjusting for the polyunsaturated to saturated fat ratio. Our study indicated that higher LI based on either dietary or plasma measurements, representing higher FA lipophilicity, was associated with elevated risk of CHD among postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center ON Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center ON Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chanelle J Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Matthew A Allison
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Barbara V Howard
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
- Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lisa W Martin
- Division of Cardiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carolina Valdiviezo
- Medstar Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Charles B Eaton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Center for Primary Care and Prevention, Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, 111 Brewster Street, Pawtucket, RI, 02680, USA.
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11
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DOBIÁŠOVÁ M. Atherogenic Impact of Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyltransferase and Its Relation to Cholesterol Esterification Rate in HDL (FERHDL) and AIP [log(TG/HDL-C)] Biomarkers: The Butterfly Effect? Physiol Res 2017; 66:193-203. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The atherogenic impact and functional capacity of LCAT was studied and discussed over a half century. This review aims to clarify the key points that may affect the final decision on whether LCAT is an anti-atherogenic or atherogenic factor. There are three main processes involving the efflux of free cholesterol from peripheral cells, LCAT action in intravascular pool where cholesterol esterification rate is under the control of HDL, LDL and VLDL subpopulations, and finally the destination of newly produced cholesteryl esters either to the catabolism in liver or to a futile cycle with apoB lipoproteins. The functionality of LCAT substantially depends on its mass together with the composition of the phospholipid bilayer as well as the saturation and the length of fatty acyls and other effectors about which we know yet nothing. Over the years, LCAT puzzle has been significantly supplemented but yet not so satisfactory as to enable how to manipulate LCAT in order to prevent cardiometabolic events. It reminds the butterfly effect when only a moderate change in the process of transformation free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters may cause a crucial turn in the intended target. On the other hand, two biomarkers – FERHDL (fractional esterification rate in HDL) and AIP [log(TG/HDL-C)] can offer a benefit to identify the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). They both reflect the rate of cholesterol esterification by LCAT and the composition of lipoprotein subpopulations that controls this rate. In clinical practice, AIP can be calculated from the routine lipid profile with help of AIP calculator www.biomed.cas.cz/fgu/aip/calculator.php.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. DOBIÁŠOVÁ
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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12
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Schwendeman A, Sviridov DO, Yuan W, Guo Y, Morin EE, Yuan Y, Stonik J, Freeman L, Ossoli A, Thacker S, Killion S, Pryor M, Chen YE, Turner S, Remaley AT. The effect of phospholipid composition of reconstituted HDL on its cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory properties. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1727-37. [PMID: 26117661 PMCID: PMC4548777 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m060285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to understand how the reconstituted HDL (rHDL) phospholipid (PL) composition affects its cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory properties. An ApoA-I mimetic peptide, 5A, was combined with either SM or POPC. Both lipid formulations exhibited similar in vitro cholesterol efflux by ABCA1, but 5A-SM exhibited higher ABCG1- and SR-BI-mediated efflux relative to 5A-POPC (P < 0.05). Injection of both rHDLs in rats resulted in mobilization of plasma cholesterol, although the relative potency was 3-fold higher for the same doses of 5A-SM than for 5A-POPC. Formation of preβ HDL was observed following incubation of rHDLs with both human and rat plasma in vitro, with 5A-SM inducing a higher extent of preβ formation relative to 5A-POPC. Both rHDLs exhibited anti-inflammatory properties, but 5A-SM showed higher inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β release than did 5A-POPC (P < 0.05). Both 5A-SM and 5A-POPC showed reduction in total plaque area in ApoE(-/-) mice, but only 5A-SM showed a statistically significant reduction over placebo control and baseline (P < 0.01). The type of PL used to reconstitute peptide has significant influence on rHDL's anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerosis properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Denis O. Sviridov
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Wenmin Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Emily E. Morin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People’s Republic of China
| | - John Stonik
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lita Freeman
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alice Ossoli
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Seth Thacker
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Milton Pryor
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - Alan T. Remaley
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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13
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Sutter I, Velagapudi S, Othman A, Riwanto M, Manz J, Rohrer L, Rentsch K, Hornemann T, Landmesser U, von Eckardstein A. Plasmalogens of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are associated with coronary artery disease and anti-apoptotic activity of HDL. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:539-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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Suppression of Remodeling Behaviors with Arachidonic Acid Modification for Enhanced in vivo Antiatherogenic Efficacies of Lovastatin-loaded Discoidal Recombinant High Density Lipoprotein. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3415-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Abstract
Dietary fibre alone does not fully explain the frequent association between greater intake of whole grains and reduced risk of disease in observational studies, and other phytochemicals or food structure may also play an important role. For all the observational evidence for the benefits of a whole-grain-rich diet, we have only limited knowledge of the mechanisms behind this reduction in disease risk, aside from the action of specific cereal fibres on reduction of blood cholesterol and the post-prandial glucose peak. Nutritional metabolomics, the global measurement and interpretation of metabolic profiles, assesses the interaction of food with the endogenous gene–protein cascade and the gut microbiome. This approach allows the generation of new hypotheses which account for systemic effects, rather than just focusing on one or two mechanisms or metabolic pathways. To date, animal and human trials using metabolomics to investigate mechanistic changes to metabolism on eating whole grains and cereal fractions have led to new hypotheses around mechanistic effects of whole grains. These include the role of cereals as a major source of dietary glycine betaine, a possible effect on phospholipid synthesis or metabolism, the role of branched-chain amino acids and improvements in insulin sensitivity, and the possibility that whole grains may have an effect on protein metabolism. These hypotheses help explain some of the observed effects of whole grains, although mechanistic studies using stable isotopes and fully quantitative measures are required to confirm these potential mechanisms.
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16
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García JJ, López-Pingarrón L, Almeida-Souza P, Tres A, Escudero P, García-Gil FA, Tan DX, Reiter RJ, Ramírez JM, Bernal-Pérez M. Protective effects of melatonin in reducing oxidative stress and in preserving the fluidity of biological membranes: a review. J Pineal Res 2014; 56:225-37. [PMID: 24571249 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Free radicals generated within subcellular compartments damage macromolecules which lead to severe structural changes and functional alterations of cellular organelles. A manifestation of free radical injury to biological membranes is the process of lipid peroxidation, an autooxidative chain reaction in which polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membrane are the substrate. There is considerable evidence that damage to polyunsaturated fatty acids tends to reduce membrane fluidity. However, adequate levels of fluidity are essential for the proper functioning of biological membranes. Thus, there is considerable interest in antioxidant molecules which are able to stabilize membranes because of their protective effects against lipid peroxidation. Melatonin is an indoleamine that modulates a wide variety of endocrine, neural and immune functions. Over the last two decades, intensive research has proven this molecule, as well as its metabolites, to possess substantial antioxidant activity. In addition to their ability to scavenge several reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, melatonin increases the activity of the glutathione redox enzymes, that is, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, as well as other antioxidant enzymes. These beneficial effects of melatonin are more significant because of its small molecular size and its amphipathic behaviour, which facilitates ease of melatonin penetration into every subcellular compartment. In the present work, we review the current information related to the beneficial effects of melatonin in maintaining the fluidity of biological membranes against free radical attack, and further, we discuss its implications for ageing and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín J García
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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He H, Liu L, Bai H, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhang M, Wu Z, Liu J. Arachidonic Acid-Modified Lovastatin Discoidal Reconstituted High Density Lipoprotein Markedly Decreases the Drug Leakage during the Remodeling Behaviors Induced by Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase. Pharm Res 2014; 31:1689-709. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Wu H, Ding EL, Toledo ET, Campos H, Baylin A, Hu FB, Sun Q. A novel fatty acid lipophilic index and risk of CHD in US men: the health professionals follow-up study. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:466-74. [PMID: 23298409 PMCID: PMC3723798 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512005272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Few epidemiological studies have examined the association between an overall fatty acid (FA) profile and CHD risk. The aim of the present study was to examine a novel index that summarises individual FA levels based on FA affinity and fluidity in relation to CHD risk in men. In a prospective nested case–control study, FA in plasma and erythrocytes were measured in 459 CHD cases and 879 matched controls. Lipophilic index (LI) was computed by summing the products between FA levels and melting point of each FA to reflect the overall FA lipophilicity. Among controls, higher plasma LI was significantly correlated with adverse profiles of blood lipids, inflammatory markers and adiponectin. After multivariate adjustment for age, smoking, BMI and other CHD risk factors, plasma LI was significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD: the relative risk was 1·61 (95% CI 1·03, 2·53; P for trend¼0·04) comparing extreme quintiles. This association was attenuated to 1·21 (95% CI 0·48, 3·09; P for trend¼0·77) after adjusting for plasma levels of total trans-FA, long-chain n-3 FA and polyunsaturated:saturated fat ratio. Erythrocyte LI was not significantly associated with CHD risk. The present data indicate that a novel LI is associated with an adverse profile of cardiovascular risk markers and increased risk of CHD in men; its usefulness as a complement of individual FA in assessing disease risk needs to be elucidated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Eric L. Ding
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Estefanía T. Toledo
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Hannia Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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19
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Cazzola R, Cassani E, Barichella M, Cestaro B. Impaired fluidity and oxidizability of HDL hydrophobic core and amphipathic surface in dyslipidemic men. Metabolism 2013; 62:986-91. [PMID: 23414907 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine and compare the composition, fluidity and oxidizability of HDL hydrophobic core and amphipathic surface of two groups of adult males (25kg/m²<BMI<30kg/m²), the former mixed dyslipidemic patients (MD) and the latter age- and BMI-matched healthy controls. METHODS AND RESULTS Pyrenyl-cholesteryl ester and pyrenyl-phosphatidylcholine, respectively incorporated in HDL core or surface were used for measuring both 2,2'-azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide-dihydrochloride-induced peroxidation kinetics and fluidities of these regions. In comparison with the controls, MD HDL showed: a) higher free cholesterol to phospholipid ratio in surface and triacylglycerols to cholesteryl ester ratio in the core, b) higher malondialdehyde levels and lower alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene to neutral lipid ratios, c) a more rigid surface and more fluid core, d) dramatically decreased lag-time and increased propagation rate of peroxidation kinetic in the core, but only an increased propagation rate on the surface. CONCLUSION These results suggest that better knowledge of the physical-chemical properties and oxidizability of HDL core and surface could contribute to better understanding of the mechanisms connecting HDL alteration to increased risk of CDV in MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cazzola
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco-Faculty of Medicine and Surgery-University of Milan, Via G. B. Grassi, 74 - 20157 Milan, Italy.
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20
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Scherer M, Böttcher A, Liebisch G. Lipid profiling of lipoproteins by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:918-24. [PMID: 21745591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipoproteins are of fundamental importance for the lipid transport and cardiovascular disease. The function and metabolism of lipoproteins is intimately linked to the biophysical properties of their surface lipids. Although a number of disease associations were found for lipid species in plasma, only a few studies reported lipid profiles of lipoproteins. Here, we provide an overview of techniques for lipoprotein separation, methods for lipid species analysis based on electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) as well as data from recent lipidomic studies on lipoprotein fractions. We also discuss the different analytical strategies and how lipid profiling can expand our understanding of the biology and structures of lipoproteins.
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21
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Pande AH, Tillu VA. Membrane lipid composition differentially modulates the function of human plasma platelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Oruch R, Lund A, Pryme IF, Holmsen H. An intercalation mechanism as a mode of action exerted by psychotropic drugs: results of altered phospholipid substrate availabilities in membranes? J Chem Biol 2010; 3:67-88. [PMID: 21270935 PMCID: PMC2852515 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-009-0034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients respond differently to psychotropic drugs, and this is currently a controversial theme among psychiatrists. The effects of 16 psychotropics on cell membrane parameters have been reported. These drugs belong to three major groups used in therapeutic psychiatry: antipsychotics, antidepressants, and anxiolytic/hypnotics. Human platelets, lacking dopamine (D(2)) receptors (proposed targets of most psychotropics), have been used as a cell model. Here we discuss the effects of these drugs on three metabolic phenomena and also results from Langmuir experiments. Diazepam, in contrast to the remaining drugs, had negligible effects on metabolic phenomena and had no effects in Langmuir experiments. Psychotropic drugs may work through intercalation in membrane phospholipids. It is possible that the fluidity of membranes, rich in essential fatty acids, the content being influenced by diet, could be a contributing factor to the action of psychotropics. This might in turn explain the observed major differences in therapeutic response among patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadhan Oruch
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Lund
- MoodNet, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ian F. Pryme
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Holm Holmsen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, 5009 Bergen, Norway
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23
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Jayaraman S, Benjwal S, Gantz DL, Gursky O. Effects of cholesterol on thermal stability of discoidal high density lipoproteins. J Lipid Res 2009; 51:324-33. [PMID: 19700415 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse cholesterol transport in plasma involves variations in HDL cholesterol concentration. To understand physicochemical and functional implications of such variations, we analyzed stability of reconstituted HDL containing human apolipoproteins (apoA-I, apoA-II, or apoC-I), phosphatidylcholines varying in chain length (12-18 carbons) and unsaturation (0 or 1), and 0-35 mol% cholesterol. Lipoprotein heat denaturation was monitored by circular dichroism for protein unfolding/dissociation and by light scattering for particle fusion. We found that cholesterol stabilizes relatively unstable complexes; for example, incorporation of 10-30 mol% cholesterol in apoC-I:dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine complexes increased their kinetic stability by deltaDeltaG* congruent with 1 kcal/mol. In more stable complexes containing larger proteins and/or longer-chain lipids, incorporation of 10% cholesterol did not significantly alter the disk stability; however, 15% or more cholesterol destabilized the apoA-I-containing complexes and led to vesicle formation. Thus, cholesterol tends to stabilize less stable lipoproteins, apparently by enhancing favorable packing interactions, but in more stable lipoproteins, where such interactions are already highly optimized, the stabilizing effect of cholesterol decreases and, eventually, becomes destabilizing. These results help uncouple the functional roles of particle stability and chain fluidity and suggest that structural disorder in HDL surface, rather than chain fluidity, is an important physicochemical determinant of HDL function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobini Jayaraman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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24
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Guha M, Gao X, Jayaraman S, Gursky O. Correlation of structural stability with functional remodeling of high-density lipoproteins: the importance of being disordered. Biochemistry 2008; 47:11393-7. [PMID: 18839964 DOI: 10.1021/bi8014746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are protein-lipid assemblies that remove excess cell cholesterol and prevent atherosclerosis. HDLs are stabilized by kinetic barriers that decelerate protein dissociation and lipoprotein fusion. We propose that similar barriers modulate metabolic remodeling of plasma HDLs; hence, changes in particle composition that destabilize HDLs and accelerate their denaturation may accelerate their metabolic remodeling. To test this notion, we correlate existing reports on HDL-mediated cell cholesterol efflux and esterification, which are obligatory early steps in cholesterol removal, with our kinetic studies of HDL stability. The results support our hypothesis and show that factors accelerating cholesterol efflux and esterification in model discoidal lipoproteins (including reduced protein size, reduced fatty acyl chain length, and/or increased level of cis unsaturation) destabilize lipoproteins and accelerate their fusion and apolipoprotein dissociation. Oxidation studies of plasma spherical HDLs show a similar trend: mild oxidation by Cu(2+) or OCl(-) accelerates cell cholesterol efflux, protein dissociation, and HDL fusion, while extensive oxidation inhibits these reactions. Consequently, moderate destabilization may be beneficial for HDL functions by facilitating insertion of cholesterol and lipophilic enzymes, promoting dissociation of lipid-poor apolipoproteins, which are primary acceptors of cell cholesterol, and thereby accelerating HDL metabolism. Therefore, HDL stability must be delicately balanced to maintain the structural integrity of the lipoprotein assembly and ensure structural specificity necessary for interactions of HDL with its metabolic partners, while facilitating rapid HDL remodeling and turnover at key junctures of cholesterol transport. The inverse correlation between HDL stability and remodeling illustrates the functional importance of structural disorder in macromolecular assemblies stabilized by kinetic barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Guha
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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25
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Molecular structure of low density lipoprotein: current status and future challenges. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2008; 38:145-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-008-0368-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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26
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Guha M, Gantz DL, Gursky O. Effects of acyl chain length, unsaturation, and pH on thermal stability of model discoidal HDLs. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:1752-61. [PMID: 18456639 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800106-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HDLs prevent atherosclerosis by removing excess cell cholesterol. Lipid composition affects HDL functions in cholesterol removal, yet its effects on the disk stability remain unclear. We hypothesize that reduced length or increased cis-unsaturation of phosphatidylcholine acyl chains destabilize discoidal HDL and promote protein dissociation and lipoprotein fusion. To test this hypothesis, we determined thermal stability of binary complexes reconstituted from apoC-I and diacyl PCs containing 12-18 carbons with 0-2 cis-double bonds. Kinetic analysis using circular dichroism shows that, for fully saturated PCs, chain length increase by two carbons stabilizes lipoprotein by deltaDeltaG* (37 degrees C) congruent with 1.4 kcal/mol, suggesting that hydrophobic interactions dominate the disk stability; distinct effects of pH and salt indicate contribution of electrostatic interactions. Similarly, apoA-I-containing disks show increased stability with increasing chain length. Acyl chain unsaturation reduces disk stability. In summary, stability of discoidal HDL correlates directly with fatty acyl chain length and saturation: the longer and more fully saturated are the chains, the more extensive are the stabilizing lipid-protein and lipid-lipid interactions and the higher is the free energy barrier for protein dissociation and lipoprotein fusion. This sheds new light on the existing data of cholesterol efflux to discoidal HDL and suggests that moderate lipoprotein destabilization facilitates cholesterol insertion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Guha
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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27
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Evaluation of antioxidant capacity of Allium ursinum L. volatile oil and its effect on membrane fluidity. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Caballero MJ, Torstensen BE, Robaina L, Montero D, Izquierdo M. Vegetable oils affect the composition of lipoproteins in sea bream (Sparus aurata). Br J Nutr 2007; 96:830-9. [PMID: 17092370 DOI: 10.1017/bjn20061909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of the dietary fatty acid profile on the lipoprotein composition in sea bream fed different vegetable oils. Six experimental diets were formulated combining fish oil with three vegetable oils (soybean, rapeseed, linseed) in order to obtain 60–80 % (w/w) fish-oil replacement. VLDL, LDL and HDL in plasma samples were obtained by sequential centrifugal flotation. The lipid class, protein content and fatty acid composition of each lipoprotein fraction were analysed. HDL was the predominant lipoprotein in sea bream plasma containing the highest proportion of protein (34 %) and phosphatidylcholine. LDL presented a high content of cholesterol, whereas triacylglycerol comprised a larger proportion of VLDL. The lipid class of the lipoprotein fractions was affected by the dietary vegetable oils. Thus, a high dietary inclusion of soyabean and linseed oil (80 %) increased the cholesterol in HDL and LDL in comparison to fish oil. Similarly, the triacylglycerol concentration of VLDL was increased in fish fed 80 % soyabean and linseed oils owing to the lown-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid content of these diets. Lipoprotein fatty acid composition easily responded to dietary fatty acid composition. VLDL was the fraction more affected by dietary fatty acid, followed by LDL and HDL. Then-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid content increased in the order VLDL less than LDL and less than HDL, regardless of dietary vegetable oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José Caballero
- Department of Comparative Pathology, Trasmontaña, s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
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29
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Morales NP, Charlermchoung C, Luechapudiporn R, Yamanont P, Fucharoen S, Chantharaksri U. Lipid fluidity at different regions in LDL and HDL of β-thalassemia/Hb E patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 350:698-703. [PMID: 17027920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-related vascular complications in beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E (beta-thal/Hb E) patients may result from iron induced oxidation of lipoproteins. To identify the specific site of oxidative damage, changes in lipid fluidity at different regions in LDL and HDL particle were investigated using two fluorescence probes and two ESR spin probes. The magnitude of increased lipid fluidity in thalassemic lipoproteins was dependent on the location of the probes. In hydrophobic region, the rotational correlation times for 16-doxyl stearic acid and DPH anisotropy were markedly changed in LDL and HDL of the patients. In the surface region, there was only a slight change in the order parameter (S) for 5-doxyl stearic acid and TMA-DPH anisotropy. Lipid fluidity at the core of LDL and HDL showed good correlation with oxidative stress markers, the ratio of CL/CO, and the level of alpha-tocopherol, suggesting that hydrophobic region of thalassemic lipoprotein was a target site for oxidative damage.
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Howe AG, McMaster CR. Regulation of phosphatidylcholine homeostasis by Sec14This paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Young Investigator's Forum. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 84:29-38. [PMID: 16845888 DOI: 10.1139/y05-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine is the major phospholipid in eukaryotic cells and serves as both a permeability barrier as well as a modulator of a plethora of cellular and biological functions. This review touches on the importance of proper regulation of phosphatidylcholine metabolism on health, and discusses how yeast genetics has contributed to furthering our understanding of the precise molecular events regulated by alterations in phosphatidylcholine metabolism. Yeast studies have determined that the phosphatidylcholine and (or) phosphatidylinositol binding protein, Sec14, is a major regulator of phosphatidylcholine homeostasis. Sec14 itself regulates vesicular transport from the Golgi, and the interrelationship between phosphatidylcholine metabolism and membrane movement within the cell is described in detail. The recent convergence of the yeast genetic studies with that of mammalian cell biology in how cells maintain phosphatidylcholine homeostasis is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia G Howe
- Atlantic Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Banni S. Are detrimental effects oftrans fatty acids linked to their dietary origin? EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200590058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Garcia JJ, Martínez-Ballarín E, Millán-Plano S, Allué JL, Albendea C, Fuentes L, Escanero JF. Effects of trace elements on membrane fluidity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2005; 19:19-22. [PMID: 16240667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
According to the Fluid Mosaic Model, a biological membrane is a two-dimensional fluid of oriented proteins and lipids. The lipid bilayer is the basic structure of all cell and organelle membranes. Cell membranes are dynamic, fluid structures, and most of their molecules are able to move in the plane of the membrane. Fluidity is the quality of ease of movement and represents the reciprocal value of membrane viscosity. Fluid properties of biological membranes are essential for numerous cell functions. Even slight changes in membrane fluidity may cause aberrant function and pathological processes. Several evidences suggest that trace elements, e.g., iron, copper, zinc, selenium, chromium, cadmium, mercury and lead may influence membrane fluidity. The interaction of heavy metals with cellular membranes may contribute to explain, at least partially, the toxicity associated with these metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Joaquín Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza, C) Domingo Miral sln, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Furbee JW, Francone O, Parks JS. In vivo contribution of LCAT to apolipoprotein B lipoprotein cholesteryl esters in LDL receptor and apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J Lipid Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)30149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Bissler JJ, Tsoras M, Göring HHH, Hug P, Chuck G, Tombragel E, McGraw C, Schlotman J, Ralston MA, Hug G. Infantile dilated X-linked cardiomyopathy, G4.5 mutations, altered lipids, and ultrastructural malformations of mitochondria in heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. J Transl Med 2002; 82:335-44. [PMID: 11896212 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Xq28 gene G4.5 lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Differential splicing of G4.5 results in a family of proteins called "tafazzins" with homology to acyltransferases. These enzymes assemble fatty acids into membrane lipids. We sequenced G4.5 in two kindreds with X-linked DCM and in two unrelated men, one with idiopathic DCM and the other with DCM of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. We examined the ultrastructure of heart, liver, and muscle biopsy specimens in these three DCM types; we used gas chromatography to compare fatty acid composition in heart, liver, and muscle autopsy specimens of two patients of kindred 1 with that of controls. In X-linked DCM, G4.5 had a stop codon (E188X), a nonsense mutation, in kindred 1 and an amino acid substitution (G240R), a missense mutation, in kindred 2. In the two men with isolated DCM, G4.5 was not mutated. Ultrastructural mitochondrial malformations were present in the biopsy tissues of the patients with DCM. Cardiac biopsy specimens of both kindreds with X-linked DCM exhibited greatly enlarged mitochondria with large bundles of stacked, compacted, disarrayed cristae that differed from those of the two types of isolated DCM. Autopsy tissue of patients with X-linked DCM had decreased unsaturated and increased saturated fatty acid concentrations. Seven of 13 published G4.5 missense mutations, including the one presented here, occur in acyltransferase motifs. Impaired acyltransferase function could result in increased fatty acid saturation that would decrease membrane fluidity. Mitochondrial membrane proliferation may be an attempt to compensate for impaired function of acyltransferase. Cardiac ultrastructure separates X-linked DCM with G4.5 mutations from the two types of isolated DCM without G4.5 mutations. Electron microscopy of promptly fixed myocardial biopsy specimens has a role in defining the differential diagnosis of DCM. Mutational analysis of the G4.5 gene also serves this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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García JJ, Reiter RJ, Karbownik M, Calvo JR, Ortiz GG, Tan DX, Martínez-Ballarín E, Acuña-Castroviejo D. N-acetylserotonin suppresses hepatic microsomal membrane rigidity associated with lipid peroxidation. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 428:169-75. [PMID: 11675033 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
N-acetylserotonin, the immediate precursor of melatonin in the tryptophan metabolic pathway in the pineal gland, has been reported to be an antioxidant. The aim of this work was to test the effect of N-acetylserotonin in stabilizing biological membranes against oxidative stress. Hepatic microsomal membranes from male adult rats were incubated with N-acetylserotonin (0.001-3 mM) before inducing lipid peroxidation using FeCl(3), ADP and NADPH. Control experiments were done by incubating microsomal membranes with N-acetylserotonin in the absence of lipid peroxidation-inducing drugs. Membrane fluidity was assessed by fluorescence spectroscopy and malonaldehyde plus 4-hydroxyalkenals concentrations were measured to estimate the degree of lipid peroxidation. Free radicals induced by the combination of FeCl(3)+ADP+NADPH produced a significant decrease in the microsomal membrane fluidity, which was associated with an increase in the malonaldehyde plus 4-hydroxyalkenals levels. These changes were suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner when N-acetylserotonin was added in the incubation buffer. In the absence of lipid peroxidation, N-acetylserotonin (0.001-3 mM) did not change membrane fluidity nor malonaldehyde plus 4-hydroxyalkenals levels. These results suggest that the protective role of N-acetylserotonin in preserving optimal levels of fluidity of the biological membranes may be related to its ability to reduce lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J García
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Mail code 7762, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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