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Higashi Y. Endothelial Function in Dyslipidemia: Roles of LDL-Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol and Triglycerides. Cells 2023; 12:1293. [PMID: 37174693 PMCID: PMC10177132 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction is the initial step for atherosclerosis, resulting in cardiovascular complications. It is clinically important to break the process of endothelial dysfunction to cardiovascular complications in patients with dyslipidemia. Lipid-lowering therapy enables the improvement of endothelial function in patients with dyslipidemia. It is likely that the relationships of components of a lipid profile such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides with endothelial function are not simple. In this review, we focus on the roles of components of a lipid profile in endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 743-8551, Japan; ; Tel.: +81-82-257-5831
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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2
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Takaeko Y, Maruhashi T, Kajikawa M, Kishimoto S, Yamaji T, Harada T, Hashimoto Y, Han Y, Kihara Y, Chayama K, Goto C, Yusoff FM, Yoshimura K, Nakashima A, Higashi Y. Lower triglyceride levels are associated with better endothelial function. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:500-511. [PMID: 34006457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased serum triglyceride levels are independently associated with endothelial dysfunction. However, there is little evidence to define normal levels of triglycerides and there is little information on endothelial function in subjects with extremely low levels of triglycerides. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between triglycerides, especially low levels of triglycerides, and vascular function. METHODS We measured flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in 7047 subjects and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID) in 1017 subjects. We divided the subjects into eight groups by triglyceride levels: <50 mg/dL, 50-69 mg/dL, 70-89 mg/dL, 90-109 mg/dL, 110-129 mg/dL, 130-149 mg/dL, 150-199 mg/dL, and ≥200 mg/dL. RESULTS FMD was significantly higher in subjects with triglyceride levels of <50 mg/dL than in subjects with triglyceride levels of 50-69 mg/dL, 70-89 mg/dL, 90-109 mg/dL, 110-129 mg/dL, 130-149 mg/dL, 150-199 mg/dL, and ≥200 mg/dL (p=0.002, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). Using triglyceride levels of >200 mg/dL as a reference, the odds ratios for a lower quartile of FMD were significantly lower in the <50 mg/dL group, 50-69 mg/dL group, 70-89 mg/dL group, and 90-109 mg/dL group after adjustment for age, gender and other cardiovascular risk factors. There was a slight negative correlation between NID and triglycerides (r=-0.074; p=0.019). However, there was no significant differences in NID among the eight groups. CONCLUSIONS FMD values were highest in subjects with extremely low levels of triglycerides (<50 mg/dL). Lower triglyceride levels were associated with better endothelial function. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION http://www.umin.ac.jp (University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry) (UMIN000012950).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Takaeko
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr. Takaeko, Yamaji, Harada, Hashimoto and Kihara)
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr Maruhashi, Kishimoto, Han, Yusoff and Higashi)
| | - Masato Kajikawa
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr Kajikawa and Higashi)
| | - Shinji Kishimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr Maruhashi, Kishimoto, Han, Yusoff and Higashi)
| | - Takayuki Yamaji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr. Takaeko, Yamaji, Harada, Hashimoto and Kihara)
| | - Takahiro Harada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr. Takaeko, Yamaji, Harada, Hashimoto and Kihara)
| | - Yu Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr. Takaeko, Yamaji, Harada, Hashimoto and Kihara)
| | - Yiming Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr Maruhashi, Kishimoto, Han, Yusoff and Higashi)
| | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr. Takaeko, Yamaji, Harada, Hashimoto and Kihara)
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr Chayama)
| | - Chikara Goto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr Goto)
| | - Farina Mohamad Yusoff
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr Maruhashi, Kishimoto, Han, Yusoff and Higashi)
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr Yoshimura)
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr Nakashima)
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr Maruhashi, Kishimoto, Han, Yusoff and Higashi); Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan (Dr Kajikawa and Higashi).
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3
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Stokhuijzen E, Koornneef JM, Nota B, van den Eshof BL, van Alphen FPJ, van den Biggelaar M, van der Zwaan C, Kuijk C, Mertens K, Fijnvandraat K, Meijer AB. Differences between Platelets Derived from Neonatal Cord Blood and Adult Peripheral Blood Assessed by Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3567-3575. [PMID: 28823163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that differences may exist between umbilical cord blood (CB) platelets and adult peripheral blood (APB) platelets, including altered protein levels of the main platelet integrins. We have now compared the protein expression profiles of CB and APB platelets employing a label-free comparative proteomics approach. Aggregation studies showed that CB platelets effectively aggregate in the presence of thromboxane A2 analogue, collagen, and peptide agonists of the proteinase-activated receptors 1 and 4. In agreement with previous studies, higher concentrations of the agonists were required to initiate aggregation in the CB platelets. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed no significant difference in the expression levels of critical platelet receptors like glycoprotein (GP)Ib, GPV, GPIX, and integrin αIIbβ3. This was confirmed using flow cytometry-based approaches. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that elevated proteins in CB platelets were in particular enriched in proteins contributing to mitochondrial energy metabolism processes. The reduced proteins were enriched in proteins involved in, among others, platelet degranulation and activation. In conclusion, this study reveals that the CB and APB platelets are distinct. In particular, changes were observed for proteins that belong to metabolic and energy generation processes and not for the critical adhesive platelet integrins and glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Stokhuijzen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center , 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Benjamin Nota
- Department of Research Facilities, Sanquin Research , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Carmen van der Zwaan
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn Kuijk
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Mertens
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University , 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Fijnvandraat
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center , 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Benjamin Meijer
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research , 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University , 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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4
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Herrera E, Desoye G. Maternal and fetal lipid metabolism under normal and gestational diabetic conditions. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017; 26:109-27. [PMID: 26351960 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2015-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Maternal lipids are strong determinants of fetal fat mass. Here we review the overall lipid metabolism in normal and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancies. During early pregnancy, the increase in maternal fat depots is facilitated by insulin, followed by increased adipose tissue breakdown and subsequent hypertriglyceridemia, mainly as a result of insulin resistance (IR) and estrogen effects. The response to diabetes is variable as a result of greater IR but decreased estrogen levels. The vast majority of fatty acids (FAs) in the maternal circulation are esterified and associated with lipoproteins. These are taken up by the placenta and hydrolyzed by lipases. The released FAs enter various metabolic routes and are released into fetal circulation. Although these determinants are modified in maternal GDM, the fetus does not seem to receive more FAs than in non-GDM pregnancies. Long-chain polyunsaturated FAs are essential for fetal development and are obtained from the mother. Mitochondrial FA oxidation occurs in fetal tissue and in placenta and contributes to energy production. Fetal fat accretion during the last weeks of gestation occurs very rapidly and is sustained not only by FAs crossing the placenta, but also by fetal lipogenesis. Fetal hyperinsulinemia in GDM mothers promotes excess accretion of adipose tissue, which gives rise to altered adipocytokine profiles. Fetal lipoproteins are low at birth, but the GDM effects are unclear. The increase in body fat in neonates of GDM women is a risk factor for obesity in early childhood and later life.
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5
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Ćurić A, Möschwitzer JP, Fricker G. Development and characterization of novel highly-loaded itraconazole poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) polymeric nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 114:175-185. [PMID: 28159723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis with antifungals such as itraconazol is difficult due their low concentration in the brain. Therefore, drug carriers with high payload are highly desired. But, generation of itraconazole loaded poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles with higher drug load, for instance more than 20% drug, is challenging. In present study we were able to generate novel highly loaded itraconazole poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanocapsules containing up to 99% (w/w) itraconazole and 1% polymer (w/w). Moreover, a controllable manufacturing procedure using a one-step emulsion solvent evaporation technique was established in order to discriminate between itraconazole loaded nanocapsules and nanospheres. Furthermore, it could be demonstrated that our novel nanocapsules can be decorated with targeting molecules such as apolipoprotein E. More precisely, apolipoprotein E was covalently bound to a maleimide linker, which was integrated within the surface of polymeric nanoparticle. This covalent binding of apolipoproteinE to the surface of a drug delivery system enables targeting of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expressed on endothelial brain capillary cell membranes, making our novel highly loaded itraconazole poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanocapsules a promising drug delivery system for treatment of cryptococcal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Ćurić
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany; Ruprecht-Karls University, Institute of Pharmacy & Molecular Biotechnology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Peter Möschwitzer
- Advance Pharma GmbH, Wallenroder Straße 12-14, 13435 Berlin, Germany; AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Knollstraße, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Gert Fricker
- Ruprecht-Karls University, Institute of Pharmacy & Molecular Biotechnology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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6
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Augsten M, Hackl H, Ebner B, Chemelli A, Glatter O, Marsche G, Lang U, Desoye G, Wadsack C. Fetal HDL/apoE: a novel regulator of gene expression in human placental endothelial cells. Physiol Genomics 2011; 43:1255-62. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00109.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal lipoproteins have been studied extensively in human pregnancies, but little is known about the role of fetal lipoproteins. The vascularized human placenta interfaces between the mother and fetus to transfer nutrients for sustaining pregnancy. Unlike that of adults, fetal high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which is in contact with placental vessels, is characterized by a high proportion of apolipoprotein E (apoE). We hypothesize this unique composition of fetal HDL affects key functions of the growing fetal tissues. The aim was to identify genes regulated by apoE-HDL by incubating human placental endothelial cells (HPEC) with either fetal HDL or apoE-rich reconstituted HDL particles (apoE-rHDL). HPEC were exposed to 15 μg/ml fetal HDL, 15 μg/ml apoE-rHDL, or medium for 16 h, respectively. Microarray analysis determined genes regulated by fetal HDL and apoE. Characterization of HDL particles revealed a different hydrodynamic radius for apoE-rHDL (13.70 nm) compared with fetal HDL (18.11 nm). Stepwise gene clustering after microarray experiments identified 79 differentially expressed genes ( P < 0.05) when cells were exposed to HDL compared with controls. Among them 16 genes were downregulated, whereas five genes were upregulated by twofold, respectively. When HPEC were incubated with apoE-rHDL 18-fold more genes (1,417, 12% of transcripts) were regulated ( P < 0.05) in contrast to HDL. Thereof, 172 genes were downregulated and 376 genes upregulated (twofold). In the common subset of 38 genes regulated by both HDL particles, genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and cell protection prevailed. Strikingly, results suggest that HDL has the capability of regulating metallothioneins, which may have an effect on oxidative stress in HPEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Augsten
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck
| | - Birgit Ebner
- Center of Medical Research, Medical University of Graz
| | - Angela Chemelli
- Department of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University of Graz; and
| | - Otto Glatter
- Department of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University of Graz; and
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Uwe Lang
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz
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7
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Edison R, Muenke M. The interplay of genetic and environmental factors in craniofacial morphogenesis: holoprosencephaly and the role of cholesterol. Clin Genet 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2003.tb02302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Fujita H, Okada T, Inami I, Makimoto M, Hosono S, Minato M, Takahashi S, Mugishima H, Yamamoto T. Heterogeneity of high-density lipoprotein in cord blood and its postnatal change. Clin Chim Acta 2008; 389:93-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2007.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) are important structural components of the central nervous system. These fatty acids are transferred across the placenta, and are accumulated in the brain and other organs during fetal development. Depletion of 22:6n-3 from the retina and brain results in reduced visual function and learning deficits: these may involve critical roles of 22:6n-3 in membrane-dependent signaling pathways and neurotransmitter metabolism. Transfer of 22:6n-3 across the placenta involves specific binding and transfer proteins that facilitate higher concentrations of 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6, but lower linoleic acid (18:2n-6) in fetal compared with maternal plasma, or in the breast-fed or formula-fed infant. However, human and animal studies both demonstrate that maternal diet impacts fetal 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 accretion. After birth, parenteral lipid, human milk and infant formula feeding all result in a marked decrease in plasma 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 and an increase in 18:2n-6. Estimation of fetal tissue fatty acid accretion suggests that current preterm infant feeds are unlikely to meet in utero rates of 22:6n-3 accretion. Consideration needs to be given to whether fetal plasma 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 enrichment and the low 18:2n-6 facilitates accretion of 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6 in developing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Innis
- Department of Paediatrics, Nutrition Research Program, University of British Columbia, B.C. Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Room 179, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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10
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Edison R, Muenke M. The interplay of genetic and environmental factors in craniofacial morphogenesis: holoprosencephaly and the role of cholesterol. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2003; 43:1-21. [PMID: 12692399 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2003.tb01022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopia, the paradigmatic "face [that] predicts the brain" in severe holoprosencephaly (HPE) (DeMyer et al., 1964), has been recognized since ancient times. Descriptive embryologists and pathologists have noted the continuum of defective separation of the forebrain and loss of central nervous system (CNS) midline structures for more than a century. It has been recognized more recently that inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis, whether consumed in native plants by range sheep, or experimentally applied to early embryos, could phenocopy the natural malformation, as could a variety of other teratogens (maternal diabetes, alcohol). Yet it has been less than a decade that the genomic knowledge base and powerful analytic methods have brought the sciences of descriptive, molecular, and genetic embryology within range of each other. In this review, we discuss the clinical presentations and pathogenesis of HPE. We will outline various genetic and teratogenic mechanisms leading to HPE. Lastly, we will attempt to examine the pivotal role of cholesterol and the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway in this disorder and in normal embryonic forebrain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Edison
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
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11
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ApoE-containing high density lipoproteins and phospholipid transfer protein activity increase in patients with a systemic inflammatory response. J Lipid Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)31690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Merzouk H, Lamri MY, Meghelli-Bouchenak M, Korso N, Prost J, Belleville J. Serum lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity and HDL2 and HDL3 composition in small for gestational age newborns. Acta Paediatr 1997; 86:528-32. [PMID: 9183494 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1997.tb08925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine serum lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in parallel with HDL2 and HDL3 composition in cord sera of small for gestational age (SGA) newborns, and to compare them with those obtained from appropriate for gestational age (AGA) newborns. LCAT activity was assayed by conversion of [3H]cholesterol to labelled cholesteryl ester. HDL2 and HDL3 were separated by ultracentrifugation. Serum cholesteryl ester, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I concentrations and LCAT activity were significantly lower (-47%, -18% and -56%, respectively), whereas serum triglyceride amounts were twofold higher in SGA newborns than in AGA newborns. In SGA newborns, HDL2 and HDL3 levels were low, and HDL3 and HDL2 phospholipid and HDL2-cholesteryl ester contents were diminished. HDL3-apo A-I, A-II, C-III and E values were lower in SGA newborns. In HDL2, apo A-I, A-II and E concentrations were decreased. Therefore, in SGA newborns, the reduced LCAT activity was associated with quantitative and qualitative changes in HDL2 and HDL3 particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Merzouk
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Animale, Université de Tlemcen, France
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13
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Delamatre JG, Carter RM, Hornick CA. Evidence that a neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase is responsible for the extralysosomal hydrolysis of high-density lipoprotein cholesteryl ester in rat hepatoma cells (Fu5AH). J Cell Physiol 1993; 157:164-8. [PMID: 8408234 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.1041570121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Diethylumbelliferyl phosphate (UBP) has been shown to inhibit the neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity responsible for hydrolysis of cellular lipid droplet cholesteryl ester (Harrison et al., 1990). The potential for (UBP) to inhibit uptake and hydrolysis of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesteryl ester was studied in Fu5AH hepatoma cells, a model for HDL cholesterol delivery. Coincubation of 3H-cholesteryl ester labeled HDL with UBP resulted in a 72% decrease in the cellular free cholesterol/cholesteryl ester (FC/CE) isotope ratio, indicating an inhibition in the conversion of cholesteryl ester to free cholesterol. Total cellular 3H-CE uptake was modestly (27%) but significantly decreased by UBP. Pulse-chase experiments (15 min. pulse and 7 min. chase) were used to study the hydrolysis of HDL 3H-CE in subcellular fractions separated by percoll gradients. The conversion of 3H-CE to 3H-FC could be demonstrated in fractions that comigrated with the plasma membrane/endosome fractions but were well separated from lysosomes. Neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity was detected in those same fractions. These results suggest that an extralysosomal pathway is operating in the metabolism of HDL cholesterol and its delivery to hepatoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Delamatre
- Department of Physiology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans 70112
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Steinmetz A, Thiemann E, Czekelius P, Kaffarnik H. Polymorphism of apolipoprotein E influences levels of serum apolipoproteins E and B in the human neonate. Eur J Clin Invest 1989; 19:390-4. [PMID: 2506056 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1989.tb00247.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To gain more insight into the genetic vs. environmental influence of the apoE phenotypes on plasma lipoprotein variation we studied human umbilical cord sera at birth. Apolipoprotein E genetic phenotypes were determined in 110 individuals by immunoblotting and shown to be identical to the adult human isoforms with six phenotypes present and occurring at a similar frequency as reported previously for the adult population in the same area. Total serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were low in the neonates and did not differ significantly between apoE phenotypes. On the other hand as in the adult, levels of apoE and B differed significantly between the phenotypes. ApoE was highest in individuals with the epsilon 2 allele and lowest in individuals expressing apoE4, and vice versa for apoB. We conclude that apoE phenotypes in human umbilical cord blood serum are already associated with pronounced differences in apoE and B levels in the newborn. The study demonstrates that the association of apoE and apoB levels with the apoE polymorphism occurs independently of significant enteral nutrition in the relatively constant in utero environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Steinmetz
- Zentrum Innere Medizin, Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, University of Marburg, FRG
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15
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Schlag B, Winkler L, Plonné D, Dürer U, Dargel R. Preparation of apoE-free rat low density lipoprotein for catabolic studies. J Lipid Res 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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