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Lacroix S, Leblanc N, Abolghasemi A, Paris-Robidas S, Martin C, Frappier M, Flamand N, Silvestri C, Raymond F, Millette M, Di Marzo V, Veilleux A. Probiotic interventions promote metabolic health in high fat-fed hamsters in association with gut microbiota and endocannabinoidome alterations. Benef Microbes 2023; 14:223-237. [PMID: 37282555 DOI: 10.3920/bm2022.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics represent a promising tool to improve metabolic health, including lipid profiles and cholesterol levels. Modulation of the gut microbiome and the endocannabinoidome - two interrelated systems involved in several metabolic processes influenced by probiotics - has been proposed as a potential mechanism of action. This study establishes the impact of probiotics on metabolic health, gut microbiota composition and endocannabinoidome mediators in an animal model of hypercholesterolaemia. Syrian hamsters were fed either a low-fat low-cholesterol or high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet to induce hypercholesterolaemia and gavaged for 6 weeks with either Lactobacillus acidophilus CL1285, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CHOL-200 or a combination of the two. Globally, probiotic interventions ameliorated, at least partially, lipid metabolism in HFHC-fed hamsters. The interventions, especially those including L. acidophilus, modified the gut microbiota composition of the small intestine and caecum in ways suggesting reversal of HFHC-induced dysbiosis. Several associations were observed between changes in gut microbiota composition and endocannabinoidome mediators following probiotic interventions and both systems were also associated with improved metabolic health parameters. For instance, potential connexions between the Eubacteriaceae and Deferribacteraceae families, levels of 2‑palmitoylglycerol, 2‑oleoylglycerol, 2‑linoleoylglycerol or 2‑eicosapentaenoylglycerol and improved lipid profiles were found. Altogether, our results suggest a potential crosstalk between gut microbiota and the endocannabinoidome in driving metabolic benefits associated with probiotics, especially those including L. acidophilus, in an animal model of hypercholesterolaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lacroix
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec City, Quebec G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - N Leblanc
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, 2425 Rue de l'Agriculture, Québec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - A Abolghasemi
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec City, Quebec G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - S Paris-Robidas
- TransBioTech, 201 Rue Monseigneur-Bourget, Lévis, Quebec G6V 6Z9, Canada
| | - C Martin
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec City, Quebec G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - M Frappier
- Bio-K+, a division of Kerry Group, 495 Bd Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec H7V 4B3, Canada
| | - N Flamand
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec City, Quebec G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 1050 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - C Silvestri
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec City, Quebec G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Département de médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 1050 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - F Raymond
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, 2425 Rue de l'Agriculture, Québec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - M Millette
- Bio-K+, a division of Kerry Group, 495 Bd Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec H7V 4B3, Canada
| | - V Di Marzo
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec City, Quebec G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, 2425 Rue de l'Agriculture, Québec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, 1050 Av. de la Médecine, Québec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Joint International Unit between the National Research Council (CNR) of Italy and Université Laval on Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and its Impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - A Veilleux
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 boulevard Hochelaga, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), 2725 Ch Ste-Foy, Québec City, Quebec G1V 4G5, Canada
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- École de nutrition, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation (FSAA), Université Laval, 2425 Rue de l'Agriculture, Québec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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Ahmed MH, Hamad MA, Routh C, Connolly V. Statins as potential treatment for cholesterol gallstones: an attempt to understand the underlying mechanism of actions. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2011; 12:2673-81. [PMID: 22043827 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2011.629995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Statin therapy is widely used across the globe for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is well established that statin therapy is associated with significant decreases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and plasma cholesterol levels. Cholesterol gallstones are a common problem, resulting in hospital admission and surgery, throughout western healthcare systems. AREAS COVERED This review describes the mechanisms, and addresses the potential, for statins to be used as a treatment for gallstones. Medline was searched for the risk factors and treatment of cholesterol gallstones. EXPERT OPINION Obesity, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), insulin resistance and high-fat diets (unsaturated fats) rich in cholesterol are all associated risk factors for cholesterol gallstones. In view of the high prevalence of cholesterol gallstones, there is an urgent need to understand whether pharmacological therapies can be harnessed for the treatment of cholesterol gallstones. Gallstones are shown to be associated with an increased risk, not only of mortality, but also of CVD. Statins, widely used in prevention of CVD and hypercholesteremia, have been shown to dissolve cholesterol gallstones in animal models and human studies, highlighting the potential for a pharmacological therapy for gallstones. More studies are required to understand the role of statins in the treatment of gallstones and for comparison with current treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Ahmed
- The James Cook University Hospital, Cardiothoracic Division, Department of Cardiology, Marton Road, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK
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Malerød L, Sporstøl M, Juvet LK, Mousavi SA, Gjøen T, Berg T, Roos N, Eskild W. Bile acids reduce SR-BI expression in hepatocytes by a pathway involving FXR/RXR, SHP, and LRH-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 336:1096-105. [PMID: 16168958 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 08/17/2005] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic SR-BI mediates uptake of circulating cholesterol into liver hepatocytes where a part of the cholesterol is metabolised to bile acids. In the hepatocytes, bile acids reduce their own synthesis by a negative feedback loop to prevent toxic high levels of bile acids. Bile acid-activated FXR/RXR represses expression of CYP7A1, the rate-limiting enzyme during bile acid synthesis, by inducing the expression of SHP, which inhibits LXR/RXR and LRH-1-transactivation of CYP7A1. The present paper presents data indicating that CDCA suppresses SR-BI expression by the same pathway. As previously reported, LRH-1 induces SR-BI promoter activity. Here we show that CDCA or over-expression of SHP inhibit this transactivation. No FXR-response element was identified in the bile acid-responsive region of the SR-BI promoter (-1200bp/-937bp). However, a binding site for LRH-1 was characterised and shown to specifically bind LRH-1. The present study shows that also the SR-BI-mediated supply of cholesterol, the substrate for bile acid synthesis, is feedback regulated by bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Malerød
- Programme for Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
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