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Mazzacano CA, Du X, Thiem SM. Global protein synthesis shutdown in Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus-infected Ld652Y cells is rescued by tRNA from uninfected cells. Virology 1999; 260:222-31. [PMID: 10417257 DOI: 10.1006/viro.1999.9827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Global protein synthesis arrest occurs in Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcNPV)-infected Ld652Y cells at late times postinfection (p.i.). A Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus gene, hrf-1, precludes this protein synthesis arrest. We used in vitro translation assays to characterize the translation defect. Cell-free lysates prepared from uninfected Ld652Y cells, AcNPV-infected cells harvested at early times p.i., and cells infected with vAchrf-1, a recombinant AcNPV bearing hrf-1, all supported translation. Lysates prepared from AcNPV-infected Ld652Y cells at late times p.i. did not support translation, but activity was restored by adding small RNA species from mock-, vAchrf-1- (24 or 48 h p.i.), and AcNPV- (6 h p.i. ) infected cells. Small RNA species (24 and 48 h p.i.) from AcNPV-infected cells did not rescue translation. Assays of RNA species further fractionated by ion exchange chromatography demonstrated that tRNA rescued translation. Although specific defective tRNA species were not revealed by comparative two-dimensional gel analysis, analysis of (32)P-labeled tRNAs showed a reduction in de novo synthesis of small RNA isolated from AcNPV-infected cells compared with mock- and vAchrf-1-infected cells. This study suggests a mechanism of translation arrest involving defective or depleted tRNA species in AcNPV-infected Ld652Y cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Mazzacano
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824-1115, USA
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Vasandani VM, Castelli JC, Hott JS, Saxena S, Mikulski SM, Youle RJ. Interferon enhances the activity of the anticancer ribonuclease, onconase. J Interferon Cytokine Res 1999; 19:447-54. [PMID: 10386856 DOI: 10.1089/107999099313884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFN) are biologic agents involved in the antiviral response and the inhibition of tumor growth. Biochemical pathways of IFN action include the double-stranded RNA-activated oligoadenylate synthetase, RNase L, and double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). Extracellular ribonucleases, especially onconase, also display antiviral and antitumor properties and involve degradation of RNA. We find that IFN increases the anticancer activity of onconase. These two agents work synergistically, and the effect is seen at the level of translation probably because of the degradation of tRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Vasandani
- Biochemistry Section, Surgical Neurology Branch, NINDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1414, USA
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Ozaki Y, Edelstein MP, Duch DS. Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: a mechanism of the antitumor activity of interferon gamma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988; 85:1242-6. [PMID: 3124115 PMCID: PMC279743 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.4.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiproliferative effects of interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) were found to be cell-dependent. Among the human cell lines examined, IFN-gamma had a greater antiproliferative effect against cell lines that exhibited induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, such as the KB oral carcinoma or WiDr colon adenocarcinoma, than against those that lacked the enzyme activity, such as the SW480 colon adenocarcinoma or NCI-H128 small-cell lung carcinoma. Induction of this dioxygenase showed a clear temporal relationship with increased metabolism of L-tryptophan and the depletion of this amino acid in the culture medium. While 70-80% of L-tryptophan remained in the medium of IFN-alpha- or vehicle-treated cells, virtually all of this amino acid was depleted in the medium of the IFN-gamma-treated group following 2-3 days of culture. Supplementing the growth medium with additional L-tryptophan reversed the antiproliferative effect of IFN-gamma against KB cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The antiproliferative effects of IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma on SW480 and NCI-H128 cells, which are independent of the dioxygenase activity, and the inability of added L-tryptophan to reverse the effects of IFN-gamma in WiDr cells suggest multiple mechanisms of action of the IFNs. The data show that the antiproliferative effect of IFN-gamma through induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, with a consequent L-tryptophan deprivation, is an effective means of regulating cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ozaki
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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Justesen J, Worm-Leonhard H, Ferbus D, Petersen HU. The interferon-induced enzyme 2-5A synthetase adenylates tRNA. Biochimie 1985; 67:651-5. [PMID: 2413907 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(85)80207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The interferon-induced enzyme 2-5A synthetase is shown to adenylate tRNA. Yeast tRNAPhe was incubated with the enzyme in the presence of double stranded RNA (in this case polyI-polyC) and ATP or deoxyATP. The reaction products were analyzed by ribonuclease T1 digestion of the tRNA, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Using ATP, the 2-5A synthetase adds one, two or three AMP residues to the 3'-end of the tRNA whereas when dATP is replacing ATP, only one nucleotide unit is added. It is concluded that one of the mechanisms of the interferon-induced antiviral effect may be an inhibition of the translation process caused by an inactivation of tRNA molecules by a 2-5A synthetase catalyzed 2'-adenylation of the 3'-end.
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Clemens MJ, McNurlan MA. Regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation by interferons. Biochem J 1985; 226:345-60. [PMID: 2581554 PMCID: PMC1144719 DOI: 10.1042/bj2260345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Wahba AJ, Woodley CL. Molecular aspects of development in the brine shrimp Artemia. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1984; 31:221-65. [PMID: 6397772 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60379-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Ghubril VA. Blockage of antiviral induction of interferon by homologous cell biochemical activity: effect of chicken embryo fibroblast mitotic cell cycle phases on Sindbis virus growth. J Virol 1983; 47:637-41. [PMID: 6620465 PMCID: PMC255305 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.47.3.637-641.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiviral activity of interferon, measured as the reduction of viral yield, was studied as a function of the cell cycle phases. The present study shows that cells which are about to enter DNA replication phase S and cells that are in mitosis phase M are not refractive to viral infection when treated with interferon. The growth of Sindbis virus, used as the challenger, dropped considerably at the G1-S junction, at mitosis phase M, and as cells entered into a deeper quiescent state.
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Koontz SW, Jakubowski H, Goldman E. Control of RNA and protein synthesis by the concentration of Trp-tRNATrp in Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage MS2. J Mol Biol 1983; 168:747-63. [PMID: 6350608 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effect of varying the concentration of Trp-tRNATrp in Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage MS2 has been studied by varying the amount of exogenously added tryptophan (Trp) to cells bearing a mutation which results in a tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase with a higher Km value for Trp. The phenotype of the mutant has been confirmed by measuring the level of tRNATrp which can be aminoacylated in vivo, and the mutant has also been shown to have elevated tRNATrp levels compared to wild-type. The growth of MS2 decreases continuously with decreasing Trp concentration (and hence, decreasing Trp-tRNATrp concentration). This appears to be due to reduced gene expression, since at later times in infection the amount of MS2 coat protein synthesized likewise decreases continuously with decreasing Trp concentration. However, there is little decrease in the amount of coat protein or replicase synthesized during the first few minutes after the Trp concentration shift. A continuous increase in the average polysome size distribution is seen as the Trp concentration is decreased. MS2 RNA synthesis also decreases continuously with decreasing Trp concentration, and is shut off in the absence of Trp. This does not seem to be due to ppGpp as these cells are functionally relaxed under these conditions, nor does it seem to be due to degradation of pre-existing template. Addition of chloramphenicol abolishes the effect of Trp concentration on RNA synthesis. The data are consistent with a model in which ribosomes pause at Trp codons in the absence of Trp-tRNATrp, while other ribosomes queue behind and continue to load onto the message. The reduction of RNA synthesis would then be a consequence of coupling to translation.
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Goldman E. Effect of rate-limiting elongation on bacteriophage MS2 RNA-directed protein synthesis in extracts of Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 1982; 158:619-36. [PMID: 6750139 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sen GC. Mechanism of interferon action: progress toward its understanding. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1982; 27:105-56. [PMID: 6179128 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Ramabhadran TV, Thach RE. Translational elongation rate changes in encephalomyocarditis virus-infected and interferon-treated cells. J Virol 1981; 39:573-83. [PMID: 6168777 PMCID: PMC171367 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.39.2.573-583.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection of mouse L cells with encephalomyocarditis virus results in a rapid inhibition of host protein synthesis before the synthesis of viral proteins. Although no alterations in initiation factor activities have been demonstrated in encephalomyocarditis virus-infected mouse cells, a defect in polypeptide chain elongation has been shown to occur in infected cell extracts. We investigated the significance of this elongation defect in the host shutoff phenomenon in vivo. Average polypeptide chain elongation rates were measured at various times after infection. Interferon was used as a reagent to separate temporarily the virus-induced alterations. Encephalomyocarditis virus infection of L cells was shown to lead to a progressive reduction in the elongation rate. Whereas interferon pretreatment delayed the decrease in elongation rate in a dose-dependent manner, it failed to alter the kinetics of host shutoff, suggesting that slowing of elongation steps played no significant role in this phenomenon. In addition, interferon pretreatment of either mock-infected or virus-infected cells led to no elongation defect that could be attributed to interferon action.
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Samuel CE. Procedures for isolation and assay of translation-inhibitory ribosome-associated proteins. Methods Enzymol 1981; 79:292-302. [PMID: 6173675 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(81)79041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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18
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Abstract
A class of mutations that increase the deficiency of a suppressor tRNA in translating a particular amber codon has been characterized. The increased efficiency is due to a mutation resulting in a change in the mRNA that affects the nucleotide adjacent to the 3' side of the UAG triplet. Thus the interaction of tRNA with mRNA is influenced by mRNA sequences outside the triplet codon.
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Grosjean H, Chantrenne H. On codon- anticodon interactions. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, BIOCHEMISTRY, AND BIOPHYSICS 1980; 32:347-67. [PMID: 7003350 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-81503-4_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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22
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Augustyniak H, Pawełkiewicz J. Preferential binding of isoaccepting species of tRNALys and tRNAIle from lupin cotyledons to polyribosomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 565:148-53. [PMID: 259423 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(79)90090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyribosome-bound and -unbound isoaccepting species of tRNALys and tRNAIle, isolated from lupin cotyledons, were compared by RPC-5 chromatography and it was found that polyribosomes preferentially bind some of the isoaccepting species. The preference in binding of given isoacceptors changes with the age of lupin seedling. The results suggest that the tRNALys species recognising the same codons can affect the rate of translation in lupin cotyledons.
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23
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Osterman LA. Participation of tRNA in regulation of protein biosynthesis at the translational level in eukaryotes. Biochimie 1979; 61:323-42. [PMID: 378268 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(79)80126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Marini M, Mushinski JF. Transfer ribonucleic acids from eleven immunoglobulin-secreting mouse plasmacytomas. Constant and variable chromatographic profiles compared with the myeloma protein sequences. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 562:252-70. [PMID: 255344 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(79)90171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In order to test the concepts that aminoacyl-tRNAs in plasmacytomas may on the one hand modulate the protein synthesized or on the other hand reflect the structure of the synthesized protein, the RPC-5 chromatographic profiles of aminoacyl-tRNAs for all 20 amino acids were studied in tRNA prepared from normal mouse liver and 11 plasmacytomas. The patterns of isoaccepting tRNA were compared with the structure of the myeloma protein being synthesized. The elution profiles of aminoacyl-tRNAs for nine of the amino acids were constant, i.e. they were the same for liver and all plasmacytomas. Significant variability was observed in the profiles of the other 11 families of aminoacyl-tRNAs: asparagine, serine and tryptophan, had peaks of isoaccepting tRNAs found in tumors and not in liver; glutamic acid, histidine and lysine, had different patterns of aminoacyl-tRNAs in plasmacytomas which could be distinguished from the elution profile of liver; and isoleucine, proline, threonine and tyrosine, showed pattern variability in only a few of the tumors. Valyl-tRNA uniquely had one isoacceptor present in liver but absent in the tumors. This variability is thought to be associated with different posttranscriptional modification of the tRNAs rather than regulation of individual tRNA genes in response to particular amino acid sequences in secreted myeloma proteins. Similarily, the lack of correlation of isoacceptors with sequence differences makes the modulation of protein fine structure by tRNA availability unlikely.
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Goldman E, Holmes WM, Hatfield GW. Specificity of codon recognition by Escherichia coli tRNALeu isoaccepting species determined by protein synthesis in vitro directed by phage RNA. J Mol Biol 1979; 129:567-85. [PMID: 383997 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(79)90469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Aujean O, Sanceau J, Falcoff E, Falcoff R. Location of enhanced ribonuclease activity and of a phosphoprotein kinase in interferon-treated mengovirus-infected cells. Virology 1979; 92:583-6. [PMID: 218359 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Interferon, double-stranded RNA, and protein phosphorylation. Characteristics of a double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase system partially purified from interferon treated Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. J Biol Chem 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)34555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Eppstein DA, Samuel CE. Mechanism of interferon action. Properties of an interferon-mediated ribonucleolytic activity from mouse L929 cells. Virology 1978; 89:240-51. [PMID: 28606 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Mayr U, Parajsz C, Jungwirth C, Bodo G. Interferon-induced translation defects in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system from mouse erythroleukemia cells. Virology 1978; 88:54-61. [PMID: 676080 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Lewis JA, Falcoff E, Falcoff R. Dual action of double-stranded RNA inhibiting protein synthesis in extracts of interferon-treated mouse L cells. Translation is impaired at the level of initiation and by mRNA degradation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 86:497-509. [PMID: 207529 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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32
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Falcoff R, Falcoff E, Sanceau J, Lewis JA. Influence of preincubation on the development of the inhibition of protein synthesis in extracts from interferon-treated mouse L cells. Action on tRNA. Virology 1978; 86:507-15. [PMID: 208258 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Marshall MV, Adams DL, Griffin AC. Regulation of an aspartyl-tRNA species in BHK cells in culture and in solid tumor form. II. The effect of different sera on aspartyl-tRNA in culture. Cancer Lett 1978; 4:147-53. [PMID: 246753 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(78)94072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In normal tissues aspartyl tRNA is present in 3 separable components by RPC-5-chromatography, 2 small and early eluting peaks and a major component designated rRNAAspIII. A late eluting peak, tRNAAspIV has also been found in many tumors of human and animals origin, and in BHK 21/13 cells grown in culture, where 27% or more of the total aspartate acceptance occurs in this peak. In contrast, normal tissue studied, i.e., hamster liver or kidney, exhibits less than 2.0% of the total aspartyl tRNA as the late eluting tRNAAspIV. Increasing the level of fetal calf serum in the medium from 5 to 15% resulted in a change from 0.79 to 1.83 in the ratio of tRNAAspIII--tRNAAspIV in BHK cells. Utilizing sera from different species, the percentage of tRNAAspIV was found to vary between 26.8 and 66.0% while the combined percentages of tRNAAspIII and tRNAAspIV varied between 59.5 and 80.8%. It appears that the increased tRNAAspIII was derived from tRNAAspIV and vice versa indicating that there may be a close structural relationship between tRNAAspIII and tRNAAspIV. It was also observed that BHK tumor cells or ascitic fluid enhanced the appearance of tRNAAspIV in normal host liver.
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Hackett PB, Egberts E, Traub P. Selective translation of mengovirus RNA over Host mRNA in homologous, fractionated, cell-free translational systems from Ehrlich-ascites-tumor cells. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1978; 83:353-61. [PMID: 204478 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1978.tb12101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The selective translation of viral RNA in mengovirus-infected Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was investigated using fractionated translational systems whose macromolecular components were derived entirely from uninfected or virus-infected cells. Both systems translate host mRNA from uninfected cells, host mRNA from virus-infected cells, and mengovirus RNA. In competition experiments, where viral RNA and host mRNA were translated together in systems from uninfected cells, the relative amounts of virus-specific and host-specific proteins synthesized were proportional to the relative concentrations of the RNA templates. In systems whose components were obtained from virus-infected cells, mengovirus RNA was preferentially translated. 70% of the selectivity found in the translational systems derived from infected cells was due to the initiation factor fraction, the remaining 30% to components of the pH 5 enzyme fraction. In addition, host mRNA isolated after virus infection is translated in vitro to a lower extent in the presence of mengovirus RNA than is host mRNA from uninfected cells.
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Viotti A, Balducci C, Weil JH. Adaptation of the tRNA population of maize endosperm for zein synthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1978; 517:125-32. [PMID: 245310 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(78)90040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maize endosperm, 30 days after pollination is actively synthesizing zein, a storage protein containing high amounts of glutamine. leucine and alanine. Endosperm tRNAs have a higher accepting activity than embryo tRNAs for these three amino acids, but not for some other (control) amino acids. This increase in accepting activity is accompanied by a change in the distribution of the isoaccepting tRNA species corresponding to these three amino acids, but not of the isoacceptors corresponding to some other (control) amino acids. These results are in favor of the theory of functional adaptation of tRNA population.
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INTERFERON-INDUCED TRANSLATIONAL REGULATION. Gene Expr 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-022624-8.50011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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37
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Stewart AG, Lloyd M, Arnstein HR. Maintenance of the ratio of alpha and beta globin synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 80:453-9. [PMID: 923589 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of rabbit alpha and beta globins under various conditions was studied using intact reticulocytes and reticulocyte cell-free systems. Raising salt concentration of media in which reticulocytes were incubated with radioactive amino acids reduced the total protein synthesis but did not affect the ratio of alpha to beta globins produced. Using a reticulocyte lysate which had been incubated with micrococcal nuclease to remove the endogenous globin messenger RNA activity, it was found that unlike the intact cell or the untreated lysate very little alpha globin was synthesised on adding purified globin mRNA. These results are discussed in terms of their compatibility with some proposed models of coordination of alpha and beta globin production.
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Carpousis A, Christner P, Rosenbloom J. Preferential usage of tRNA isoaccepting species in collagen synthesis. J Biol Chem 1977. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Samuel CE, Farris DA, Eppstein DA. Mechanism of interferon action Kinetics of interferon action in mouse L929 cells: Translation inhibition, protein phosphorylation, and messenger RNA methylation and degradation. Virology 1977; 83:56-71. [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(77)90210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/1977] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Ohtsuki K, Dianzani F, Baron S. Decreased initiation factor activity in mouse L cells treated with interferon. Nature 1977; 269:536-8. [PMID: 909608 DOI: 10.1038/269536a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Ratner L, Sen GC, Brown GE, Lebleu B, Kawakita M, Cabrer B, Slattery E, Lengyel P. Interferon, double-stranded RNA and RNA degradation. Characteristics of an endonuclease activity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1977; 79:565-77. [PMID: 923567 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11841.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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42
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Weissenbach J, Dirheimer G, Falcoff R, Sanceau J, Falcoff E. Yeast tRNALeu (anticodon U--A--G) translates all six leucine codons in extracts from interferon treated cells. FEBS Lett 1977; 82:71-6. [PMID: 334566 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(77)80888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ruderman JV, Pardue ML. Cell-free translation analysis of messenger RNA in echinoderm and amphibian early development. Dev Biol 1977; 60:48-68. [PMID: 902930 DOI: 10.1016/0012-1606(77)90109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Yakobson E, Prives C, Hartman JR, Winocour E, Revel M. Inhibition of viral protein synthesis in monkey cells treated with interferon late in simian virus 40 lytic cycle. Cell 1977; 12:73-81. [PMID: 198143 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effect of interferon on SV40 gene expression late in the lytic cycle, after early functions have been expressed and viral DNA replication has been initiated. Whereas pretreatment with interferon prior to infection reduces the amount of early SV40 RNA, post-infection treatment does not inhibit viral RNA synthesis. Viral 19S and 16S RNA species are found undiminished in quantity and poly(A) content. Despite the apparent normalcy of viral RNA classes, however, there is a marked reduction in the synthesis of their protein products, both T antigen and capsid polypeptides. The association of viral RNA with heavy polyribosomes is strongly reduced. On the other hand, there is no degradation of nonviral polyribosomes and the synthesis of most cellular proteins continues. These experiments demonstrate that late in infection, interferon treatment results in an inhibition of viral mRNA translation.
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