1
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Gilani R, Alarfaji SS, Nadeem K, Saeed A, Isa Khan M. Pristine and aurum-decorated tungsten ditellurides as sensing materials for VOCs detection in exhaled human breath: DFT analysis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:26788-26800. [PMID: 39183998 PMCID: PMC11342444 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04569f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, we employed density functional theory (DFT) to evaluate the sensing capabilities of transition metal-decorated two-dimensional WTe2 TMDs nanosheets toward VOCs such as (acetone, ethanol, methanol, toluene, and formaldehyde) that are exhaled in human breath and can serve as potential biomarkers for detecting specific physiological disorders and also gases interfering in exhaled breath (CO2 and H2O) detection. Au can be physically decorated onto the surface of WTe2. We analyzed the density of states (DOS), adsorption energy, charge transfer, and sensing behavior. The pristine WTe2 monolayer, exhibiting a semiconductor characteristic with a band gap of 0.63 eV, transitions to a metallic state upon Au-decoration, due to its actively stable nature and promising negative adsorption energy value, it triggers the emergence of novel states within the DOS. Computed adsorption energies of VOCs range from -0.08 to -0.57 eV, with greater interaction distances confirming the physisorption behavior of these VOCs biomarkers on Au-WTe2. Ethanol displays greater sensitivity compared to other considered VOCs. Au-WTe2 exhibits promising potential as a viable option for detecting VOCs in breath analysis applications at room temperature, owing to its excellent adsorption capabilities and sensitivity. Overall, our results highlight aurum-decorated tungsten ditelluride's potential as an efficient nano-sensor for detecting VOCs associated with early-stage lung cancer diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Gilani
- Institute of Physics, Bagdad ul Jadeed, Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Saleh S Alarfaji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University P. O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudia Arabia
| | - Kashif Nadeem
- Department of Physics, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Ashir Saeed
- Department of Physics, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Isa Khan
- Institute of Physics, Bagdad ul Jadeed, Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
- Department of Physics, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur Pakistan
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2
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Santos JC, Enrique-Romero J, Lamberts T, Linnartz H, Chuang KJ. Formation of S-Bearing Complex Organic Molecules in Interstellar Clouds via Ice Reactions with C 2H 2, HS, and Atomic H. ACS EARTH & SPACE CHEMISTRY 2024; 8:1646-1660. [PMID: 39166258 PMCID: PMC11331529 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.4c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
The chemical network governing interstellar sulfur has been the topic of unrelenting discussion for the past few decades due to the conspicuous discrepancy between its expected and observed abundances in different interstellar environments. More recently, the astronomical detections of CH3CH2SH and CH2CS highlighted the importance of interstellar formation routes for sulfur-bearing organic molecules with two carbon atoms. In this work, we perform a laboratory investigation of the solid-state chemistry resulting from the interaction between C2H2 molecules and SH radicals-both thought to be present in interstellar icy mantles-at 10 K. Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy and quadrupole mass spectrometry combined with temperature-programmed desorption experiments are employed as analytical techniques. We confirm that SH radicals can kick-start a sulfur reaction network under interstellar cloud conditions and identify at least six sulfurated products: CH3CH2SH, CH2CHSH, HSCH2CH2SH, H2S2, and tentatively CH3CHS and CH2CS. Complementarily, we utilize computational calculations to pinpoint the reaction routes that play a role in the chemical network behind our experimental results. The main sulfur-bearing organic molecule formed under our experimental conditions is CH3CH2SH, and its formation yield increases with the ratios of H to other reactants. It serves as a sink to the sulfur budget within the network, being formed at the expense of the other unsaturated products. The astrophysical implications of the chemical network proposed here are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Santos
- Laboratory
for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden
University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joan Enrique-Romero
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thanja Lamberts
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden
Observatory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Linnartz
- Laboratory
for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden
University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko-Ju Chuang
- Laboratory
for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden
University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Sidler D, Schnappinger T, Obzhirov A, Ruggenthaler M, Kowalewski M, Rubio A. Unraveling a Cavity-Induced Molecular Polarization Mechanism from Collective Vibrational Strong Coupling. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5208-5214. [PMID: 38717382 PMCID: PMC11103705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate that collective vibrational strong coupling of molecules in thermal equilibrium can give rise to significant local electronic polarizations in the thermodynamic limit. We do so by first showing that the full nonrelativistic Pauli-Fierz problem of an ensemble of strongly coupled molecules in the dilute-gas limit reduces in the cavity Born-Oppenheimer approximation to a cavity-Hartree equation for the electronic structure. Consequently, each individual molecule experiences a self-consistent coupling to the dipoles of all other molecules, which amount to non-negligible values in the thermodynamic limit (large ensembles). Thus, collective vibrational strong coupling can alter individual molecules strongly for localized "hotspots" within the ensemble. Moreover, the discovered cavity-induced polarization pattern possesses a zero net polarization, which resembles a continuous form of a spin glass (or better polarization glass). Our findings suggest that the thorough understanding of polaritonic chemistry, requires a self-consistent treatment of dressed electronic structure, which can give rise to numerous, so far overlooked, physical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Sidler
- Laboratory
for Materials Simulations, Paul Scherrer
Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The
Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schnappinger
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anatoly Obzhirov
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The
Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ruggenthaler
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The
Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Kowalewski
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The
Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron
Institute, 162 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group, University of the Basque
Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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4
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Schnappinger T, Sidler D, Ruggenthaler M, Rubio A, Kowalewski M. Cavity Born-Oppenheimer Hartree-Fock Ansatz: Light-Matter Properties of Strongly Coupled Molecular Ensembles. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8024-8033. [PMID: 37651603 PMCID: PMC10510432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies indicate that optical cavities can affect chemical reactions through either vibrational or electronic strong coupling and the quantized cavity modes. However, the current understanding of the interplay between molecules and confined light modes is incomplete. Accurate theoretical models that take into account intermolecular interactions to describe ensembles are therefore essential to understand the mechanisms governing polaritonic chemistry. We present an ab initio Hartree-Fock ansatz in the framework of the cavity Born-Oppenheimer approximation and study molecules strongly interacting with an optical cavity. This ansatz provides a nonperturbative, self-consistent description of strongly coupled molecular ensembles, taking into account the cavity-mediated dipole self-energy contributions. To demonstrate the capability of the cavity Born-Oppenheimer Hartree-Fock ansatz, we study the collective effects in ensembles of strongly coupled diatomic hydrogen fluoride molecules. Our results highlight the importance of the cavity-mediated intermolecular dipole-dipole interactions, which lead to energetic changes of individual molecules in the coupled ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schnappinger
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominik Sidler
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The
Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ruggenthaler
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The
Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter and Center
for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The
Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron
Institute, 162 Fifth
Avenue, New York, New York 10010, United States
- Nano-Bio
Spectroscopy Group, University of the Basque
Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Markus Kowalewski
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Lucas D, Kavaliauskas CJ, Blitz MA, Heard DE, Lehman JH. Ab Initio and Statistical Rate Theory Exploration of the CH (X 2Π) + OCS Gas-Phase Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6509-6520. [PMID: 37505100 PMCID: PMC10424238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The first theoretical results regarding the gas-phase reaction mechanism and kinetics of the CH (X2Π) + OCS reaction are presented here. This reaction has a proposed importance in the removal of OCS in regions of the interstellar medium (ISM) and has the potential to form the recently observed HCS/HSC isomers, with both constitutional isomers having recently been observed in the L483 molecular cloud in a 40:1 ratio. Statistical rate theory simulations were performed on stationary points along the reaction potential energy surface (PES) obtained from ab initio calculations at the RO-CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(Q+d)Z//M06-2X-D3/aug-cc-pV(Q+d)Z level of theory over the temperature and total density range of 150-3000 K and 1011-1024 cm-3, respectively, using a Master Equation analysis. Exploration of the reaction potential energy surface revealed that all three pathways identified to create CS + HCO products required surmounting barriers of 16.5 kJ mol-1 or larger when CH approached the oxygen side of OCS, rendering this product formation negligible below 1000 K, and certainly under low-temperature ISM conditions. In contrast, when CH approaches the sulfur side of OCS, only submerged barriers are found along the reaction potential energy surface to create HCCO + S or CO + HCS, both of which are formed via a strongly bound OCC(H)S intermediate (-358.9 kJ mol-1). Conversion from HCS to HSC is possible via a barrier of 77.8 kJ mol-1, which is still -34.1 kJ mol-1 below the CH + OCS entrance channel. No direct route from CH + OCS to H + CO + CS was found from our ab initio calculations. Rate theory simulations suggest that the reaction has a strong negative temperature dependence, in accordance with the barrierless addition of CH to the sulfur side of OCS. Product branching fractions were also determined from MESMER simulations over the same temperature and total density range. The product branching fraction of CO + HCS reduces from 79% at 150 K to 0.0% at 800 K, while that of HCS dissociation to H + CS + CO increases from 22% at 150 K to 100% at 800 K. The finding of CO + HCS as the major product at the low temperatures relevant to the ISM, instead of H + CS + CO, is in opposition to the current supposition used in the KIDA database and should be adapted in astrochemical models as another source of the HCS isomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
I. Lucas
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark A. Blitz
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- National
Centre for Atmospheric Science, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Dwayne E. Heard
- School
of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Julia H. Lehman
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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6
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Jensen F. Unifying Charge-Flow Polarization Models. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37365806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We show that several models where electric polarization in molecular systems is modeled by charge-flow between atoms can all be considered as different manifestations of a general underlying mathematical structure. The models can be classified according to whether they employ atomic or bond parameters and whether they employ atom/bond hardness or softness. We show that an ab initio calculated charge response kernel can be considered as the inverse screened Coulombic matrix projected onto the zero-charge subspace, and this may provide a method for deriving charge screening functions to be used in force fields. The analysis suggests that some models contain redundancies, and we argue that a parameterization of charge-flow models in terms of bond softness is preferable as it depends on local quantities and decay to zero upon bond dissociation, while bond hardness depends on global quantities and increases toward infinity upon bond dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, Aarhus DK-8000, Denmark
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7
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Tanichev AS, Petrov DV. Broadening of the ν 2 Raman Band of CH 4 by C 3H 8 and C 4H 10. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083365. [PMID: 37110599 PMCID: PMC10146573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a promising method for the analysis of natural gas. It is necessary to account for the broadening effects on spectral lines to improve measurement accuracy. In this study, the broadening coefficients for methane lines in the region of the ν2 band perturbed by propane, n-butane, and isobutane at room temperature were measured. We estimated the measurement errors of the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the case of neglecting the broadening effects on the methane spectrum by the pressure of C2-C6 alkanes. The obtained data are suited for the correct simulation of the methane spectrum in the hydrocarbon-bearing gases and can be used to improve the accuracy of the analysis of natural gas by Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr S Tanichev
- Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Petrov
- Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634055 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Optics and Spectroscopy, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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8
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Moorthi K, Maekawa S. Solvation Effects on Polarizability of Aromatic Fluids. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2237-2249. [PMID: 36877130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating solvation effects on polarizability in condensed phases is important for the description of the optical and dielectric behavior of high-refractive-index molecular materials. We study these effects via the polarizability model combining electronic, solvation, and vibrational contributions. The method is applied to well-characterized highly polarizable liquid precursors: benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene. We find that the solvation and vibrational terms are of opposite signs and cancel almost exactly for benzene, but for naphthalene and phenanthrene, a 2.5 and 5.0% decrease relative to the equilibrium electronic polarizability of the respective monomer, α1e, is predicted, respectively. The increase in electronic polarizability affects interaction polarizability of all contacts, which is the main reason for the increasing importance of solvation contribution. The calculated refractive indices agree very well with experiment for all three systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Moorthi
- R&D Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., 580-32 Nagaura, Sodegaura 299-0265, Japan
| | - Shintaro Maekawa
- R&D Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., 580-32 Nagaura, Sodegaura 299-0265, Japan
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9
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Harders AN, Sturd ER, Wallisch L, Schmidt H, Mendoza-Apodaca Y, Corbin DR, White W, Junk CP, Shiflett MB. Solubility, Diffusivity, and Permeability of HFC-32 and HFC-125 in Amorphous Copolymers of Perfluoro(butenyl vinyl ether) and Perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole). Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abby N. Harders
- Institute for Sustainable Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Erin R. Sturd
- Institute for Sustainable Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Luke Wallisch
- Institute for Sustainable Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Hannes Schmidt
- Institute for Sustainable Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | | | - David R. Corbin
- Institute for Sustainable Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Whitney White
- Chromis Technologies, Warren, New Jersey 07059, United States
| | | | - Mark B. Shiflett
- Institute for Sustainable Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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10
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Reinwardt S, Baev I, Linß F, Cieslik P, Raberg O, Buhr T, Perry-Sassmannshausen A, Schippers S, Müller A, Trinter F, Guda A, Laasch R, Martins M. An integrated ion trap for the photon-ion spectrometer at PETRA III. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:023201. [PMID: 36859035 DOI: 10.1063/5.0111097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We have added a multipole ion trap to the existing photon-ion spectrometer at PETRA III (PIPE). Its hybrid structure combines a ring-electrode trap with a segmented 16-pole trap. The interaction of gases and ions with extreme ultraviolet radiation from the beamline P04 is planned to be investigated with the newly installed multipole trap. The research focus lies on radiation-induced chemical reactions that take place in the interstellar medium or in the atmospheres of planets, including natural as well as man-made processes that are important in the Earth's atmosphere. In order to determine the mass-to-charge ratio of the stored ions as efficiently as possible, we are using an ion time-of-flight spectrometer. With this technique, all stored ions can be detected simultaneously. To demonstrate the possibilities of the trap setup, two experiments have been carried out: The photoionization of xenon and the ion-impact ionization of norbornadiene. This type of ion-impact ionization can, in principle, also take place in planetary atmospheres. In addition to ionization by photon or ion impact, chemical reactions of the trapped ions with neutral atoms or molecules in the gas phase have been observed. The operation of the trap enables us to simulate conditions similar to those in the ionosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reinwardt
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - I Baev
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Linß
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Cieslik
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - O Raberg
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Buhr
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Perry-Sassmannshausen
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S Schippers
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Müller
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - R Laasch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, 98 Rochester St, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Martins
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Barragán A, Nicolás-García T, Lauwaet K, Sánchez-Grande A, Urgel JI, Björk J, Pérez EM, Écija D. Design and Manipulation of a Minimalistic Hydrocarbon Nanocar on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202212395. [PMID: 36445791 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanocars are carbon-based single-molecules with a precise design that facilitates their atomic-scale control on a surface. The rational design of these molecules is important in atomic and molecular-scale manipulation to advance the development of molecular machines, as well as for a better understanding of self-assembly, diffusion and desorption processes. Here, we introduce the molecular design and construction of a collection of minimalistic nanocars. They feature an anthracene chassis and four benzene derivatives as wheels. After sublimation and adsorption on an Au(111) surface, we show controlled and fast manipulation of the nanocars along the surface using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). The mechanism behind the successful displacement is the induced dipole created over the nanocar by the STM tip. We utilized carbon monoxide functionalized tips both to avoid decomposition and accidentally picking the nanocars up during the manipulation. This strategy allowed thousands of maneuvers to successfully win the Nanocar Race II championship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Barragán
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute C/, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Nicolás-García
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute C/, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Koen Lauwaet
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute C/, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Grande
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute C/, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, 16200, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - José I Urgel
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute C/, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Emilio M Pérez
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute C/, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Écija
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute C/, Faraday 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Thürlemann M, Böselt L, Riniker S. Regularized by Physics: Graph Neural Network Parametrized Potentials for the Description of Intermolecular Interactions. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:562-579. [PMID: 36633918 PMCID: PMC9878731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Simulations of molecular systems using electronic structure methods are still not feasible for many systems of biological importance. As a result, empirical methods such as force fields (FF) have become an established tool for the simulation of large and complex molecular systems. The parametrization of FF is, however, time-consuming and has traditionally been based on experimental data. Recent years have therefore seen increasing efforts to automatize FF parametrization or to replace FF with machine-learning (ML) based potentials. Here, we propose an alternative strategy to parametrize FF, which makes use of ML and gradient-descent based optimization while retaining a functional form founded in physics. Using a predefined functional form is shown to enable interpretability, robustness, and efficient simulations of large systems over long time scales. To demonstrate the strength of the proposed method, a fixed-charge and a polarizable model are trained on ab initio potential-energy surfaces. Given only information about the constituting elements, the molecular topology, and reference potential energies, the models successfully learn to assign atom types and corresponding FF parameters from scratch. The resulting models and parameters are validated on a wide range of experimentally and computationally derived properties of systems including dimers, pure liquids, and molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Thürlemann
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lennard Böselt
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sereina Riniker
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Uddin N, Tomer H, Antony B. Electron scattering and ionization of astrophysical molecules. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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14
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Ratajska-Gadomska B, Polok K, Gadomski W. Time resolved transient transmission spectroscopy of TiCl 4 and SnCl 4. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 280:121507. [PMID: 35724592 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Herewith, for the first time, we present the vibrational spectra collected for liquid TiCl4 and liquid SnCl4 by use of time resolved transient transmission spectroscopy. Of our interest is the isotopically split isotropic ν1 intramolecular vibrational band, the shape of which is very sensitive to intermolecular interactions. The high resolution spectra, obtained as fast Fourier transforms of the time domain signals acquired in transient transmission experiment, are compared with spontaneous Raman spectra. The dependence of the spectrum shape on intermolecular interactions has been established by diluting TiCl4 and SnCl4 in CS2 at different concentrations. Fitting the simplified oscillatory model of a liquid to FFTs of time domain signals in transient transmission experiment we have found intermolecular force constants and decoherence lifetimes for all concentrations. Application of the pump-probe spectroscopic technique and windowed fast Fourier transform procedure allowed us to observe the evolution of the spectral shape, and thus of the intermolecular forces, after the liquid has been perturbed by the femtosecond pump pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ratajska-Gadomska
- Department of Chemistry,University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - K Polok
- Department of Chemistry,University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Gadomski
- Department of Chemistry,University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Richardson V, Valença Ferreira de Aragão E, He X, Pirani F, Mancini L, Faginas-Lago N, Rosi M, Martini LM, Ascenzi D. Fragmentation of interstellar methanol by collisions with He˙ +: an experimental and computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22437-22452. [PMID: 36102850 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02458f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Methanol is a key species in astrochemistry as its presence and reactivity provides a primary route to the synthesis of more complex interstellar organic molecules (iCOMs) that may eventually be incorporated in newly formed planetary systems. In the interstellar medium, methanol is formed by hydrogenation of CO ices on grains, and its fate upon collisions with interstellar ions should be accounted for to correctly model iCOM abundances in objects at various stages of stellar evolution. The absolute cross sections (CSs) and branching ratios (BRs) for the collisions of He˙+ ions with CH3OH are measured, as a function of the collision energy, using a Guided Ion Beam Mass Spectrometer (GIB-MS). Insights into the dissociative electron (charge) exchange mechanism have been obtained by computing the entrance and exit multidimensional Potential Energy Surfaces (PESs) and by modelling the non-adiabatic transitions using an improved Landau-Zener-Stückelberg approach. Notably, the dynamical treatment reproducing the experimental findings includes a strong orientation effect of the system formed by the small He˙+ ion and the highly polar CH3OH molecule, in the electric field gradient associated to the strongly anisotropic intermolecular interaction. This is a stereodynamical effect that plays a fundamental role in collision events occurring under a variety of conditions, with kinetic energy confined within intervals ranging from the sub-thermal to the hyper-thermal regime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emília Valença Ferreira de Aragão
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Master-Tec s.r.l., Via Sicilia 41, Perugia, Italy
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Fernando Pirani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Mancini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Noelia Faginas-Lago
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Master-Tec s.r.l., Via Sicilia 41, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marzio Rosi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Università degli studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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16
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Yamada M, Kurihara Y, Koizumi M, Tsuji K, Maeda Y, Suzuki M. Understanding the Nature and Strength of Noncovalent Face‐to‐Face Arene–Fullerene Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212279. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Yukiyo Kurihara
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Masaaki Koizumi
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Kasumi Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry Josai University Sakado Saitama 350-0295 Japan
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17
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Heravi T, Arslanian AJ, Johnson SD, Dearden DV. Ion Mobility and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Collision Cross Section Techniques Yield Long-Range and Hard-Sphere Results, Respectively. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1644-1652. [PMID: 35960880 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We determined collision cross section (CCS) values for singly and doubly charged cucurbit[n]uril (n = 5-7), decamethylcucurbit[5]uril, and cyclohexanocucurbit[5]uril complexes of alkali metal cations (Li+-Cs+). These hosts are relatively rigid. CCS values calculated using the projection approximation (PA) for computationally modeled structures of a given host are nearly identical for +1 and +2 complexes, with weak metal ion dependence, whereas trajectory method (TM) calculations of CCS for the same structures consistently yield values 7-10% larger for the +2 complexes than for the corresponding +1 complexes and little metal ion dependence. Experimentally, we measured relative CCS values in SF6 for pairs of +1 and +2 complexes of the cucurbituril hosts using the cross-sectional areas by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance ("CRAFTI") method. At center-of-mass collision energies <∼30 eV, CRAFTI CCS values are sensitive to the relative binding energies in the +1 and +2 complexes, but at collision energies >∼40 eV (sufficient that ion decoherence occurs on essentially every collision) that dependence is not evident. Consistent with the PA calculations, these experiments found that the +2 complex ions have CCS values ranging between 94 and 105% of those of their +1 counterparts (increasing with metal ion size). In contrast, but consistent with the TM CCS calculations, ion mobility measurements of the same complexes at close to thermal energies in much less polarizable N2 find the CCS of +2 complexes to be in all cases 9-12% larger than those of the corresponding +1 complexes, with little metal ion dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Heravi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - Andrew J Arslanian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - Spencer D Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
| | - David V Dearden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-1030, United States
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18
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Yamada M, Kurihara Y, Koizumi M, Tsuji K, Maeda Y, Suzuki M. Understanding the Nature and Strength of Noncovalent Face‐to‐Face Arene–Fullerene Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Tokyo Gakugei University Department of Chemistry 4-1-1 Nukuikitamachi 184-8501 Koganei, Tokyo JAPAN
| | - Yukiyo Kurihara
- Tokyo Gakugei University: Tokyo Gakugei Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Masaaki Koizumi
- Tokyo Gakugei University: Tokyo Gakugei Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Kasumi Tsuji
- Tokyo Gakugei University: Tokyo Gakugei Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Tokyo Gakugei University: Tokyo Gakugei Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Josai University: Josai Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
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19
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Harders AN, Sturd ER, Vallier JE, Corbin DR, White WR, Junk CP, Shiflett MB. Selective separation of HFC-32 from R-410A using poly(dimethylsiloxane) and a copolymer of perfluoro(butenyl vinyl ether) and perfluoro(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole). J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Liang H, Peng LY. Upper bound for permanent orientation of symmetric-top molecule induced by linearly polarized electric fields. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:204302. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0094115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many symmetric top molecules are among the most important polyatomic molecules. The orientation of a polyatomic molecule is a challenging task, which is at the heart of its quantum control and crucial for many subsequent applications in various fields. Most recent studies focus on the temporary orientation achieved via the quantum revivals. In this study, we reveal the underlying mechanism behind the observed permanent orientation and discuss strategies for a higher degree of permanent orientation. By a careful analysis of symmetry and unitary, it is possible to estimate an upper bound of [Formula: see text] for a molecule in its thermal equilibrium states using a linear field. We show that this bound can be reached for an oblate symmetric-top molecule in the high temperature limit. To demonstrate different possible schemes, we take CHCl3 as an example. Simply with designed microwave fields, one can permanently orient CHCl3 with a degree of ⟨cos θ⟩ ≈ 0.045. We show that this value can be significantly increased by adding one or more pump pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Liang-You Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, 100871 Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006 Taiyuan, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, 226010 Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Bubas AR, Iacovino AC, Armentrout PB. Reactions of Atomic Thorium and Uranium Cations with SF 6 Studied by Guided Ion Beam Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3239-3246. [PMID: 35544768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental chemistry of the thorium and uranium fluorides continues to be an area of interest because of the use of thorium and uranium fluoride compounds in nuclear fuel systems. Here, we study the reaction of thorium cations with sulfur hexafluoride for the first time and revisit the reaction of uranium cations with sulfur hexafluoride. By using guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry, we explore the reaction pathways that become accessible well above thermal energies (E ∼ 0.04 eV). Overall, we find that both Th+ and U+ react very efficiently with SF6, approaching the collision limit at both thermal and elevated energies. The primary products observed at low energies include Th1-3+, UF1-4+, and SF1-4+, all of which are formed in barrierless, exothermic processes. SF5+ was also observed, although the pressure dependence of this channel reveals that SF5+ forms exothermically through secondary reactions, which the energy dependences suggest result from reactions between ThF2+ and UF3+ with SF6. At higher energies, both AnF3+ products are observed to decay to AnF+ + F2, and both SF4+ and SF2+ exhibit cross sections with endothermic features. For both systems, the rise in SF4+ can be attributed to a secondary collision between AnF+ with SF6 on the basis of the pressure dependence of the SF4+ channel at higher energies, and the rise in SF2+ appears to result from the decomposition of SF3+ to SF2+ + F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Bubas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Anna C Iacovino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - P B Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
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22
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Stockett MH, Bull JN, Schmidt HT, Zettergren H. Statistical vibrational autodetachment and radiative cooling rates of para-benzoquinone. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12002-12010. [PMID: 35535575 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00490a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the statistical vibrational autodetachment (VAD, also called thermionic emission) and radiative cooling rates of isolated para-benzoquinone (pBQ, C6H4O2) radical anions using the cryogenic electrostatic ion storage ring facility DESIREE. The results are interpreted using master equation simulations with rate coefficients calculated using statistical detailed balance theory. The VAD rate is determined by measuring the time-dependent yield of neutral pBQ due to spontaneous electron emission from a highly-excited ensemble of anions formed in an electron-attachment ion source. Competition with radiative cooling quenches the VAD rate after a critical time of τc = 11.00(5) ms. Master equation simulations which reproduce the VAD yield provide an estimate of the initial effective vibrational temperature of the ions of 1100(20) K, and provide insight into the anion formation scenario. A second measurement of the radiative cooling rate of pBQ- stored for up to 0.5 s was achieved using time-dependent photodetachment action spectroscopy across the 2Au ← 2B2g and 2B2u ← 2B2g transitions. The rate at which hot-band contributions fade from the action spectrum is quantified by non-negative matrix factorisation. This is found to be commensurate with the average vibrational energy extracted from the simulations, with 1/e lifetimes of 0.16(3) s and 0.1602(7) s, respectively. Implications for astrochemistry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Stockett
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - James N Bull
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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23
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Jang J, Jung KH, Kim KC. Development of computational design for reliable prediction of dielectric strengths of perfluorocarbon compounds. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7027. [PMID: 35487965 PMCID: PMC9055060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10946-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of robust computational protocols capable of accurately predicting the dielectric strengths of eco-friendly insulating gas candidates is crucial; however, it lacks relevant efforts significantly. Consequently, a series of computational protocols are employed in this study to enable the computational prediction of polarizability and ionization energy of eco-friendly, perfluorinated carbon-based candidates, followed by the equation-based prediction of their dielectric strength. The validation process associated with the prediction of the afore-mentioned variables for selected datasets confirms the suitability of the B3LYP-based prediction protocol for reproducing experimental values. Subsequently, the validation of dielectric strength prediction outlines the following three conclusions. (1) The referenced equation adopted from a previous study is incapable of predicting the dielectric strengths of 137 organic compounds present in our database. (2) Parameterization of the coefficients in the referenced equation leads to the accurate prediction of the dielectric strengths. (3) Incorporation of a novel variable, viz. molecular weight, into the referenced equation combined with the parameterization of the coefficients leads to a robust protocol capable of predicting dielectric strengths with high efficiencies even with a significantly smaller fitting dataset. This implies the development of a comprehensive solution capable of accurately predicting the dielectric strengths of a substantially large dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonho Jang
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ku Hyun Jung
- Computational Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Chul Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
- Computational Materials Design Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Déjardin PM, Pabst F, Cornaton Y, Helbling A, Blochowicz T. Temperature dependence of the Kirkwood correlation factor and linear dielectric constant of simple isotropic polar fluids. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:024108. [PMID: 35291170 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.024108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The theory developed in an accompanying paper [Déjardin, Phys. Rev. E 105, 024109 (2022)10.1103/PhysRevE.105.024109] is used to compute the Kirkwood correlation factor of simple polar fluids of different nature. From this calculation, the theoretical static permittivity is readily obtained, which is compared with experimental values. This is accomplished by fitting only one parameter accounting for induction or dispersion forces and torques, which is necessarily connected with the individual molecular polarizability but not explicitly related to the physical properties due to the nonadditivity of such energies. Excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental static permittivities is obtained over a very broad temperature range for a number of associated and nonassociated liquids. Finally, limitations of the present theory are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Michel Déjardin
- Laboratoire de Modélisation Pluridisciplinaire et Applications, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 avenue Paul Alduy, F-66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Florian Pabst
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yann Cornaton
- Laboratoire de Chimie Systémique Organo-Métallique, Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg
| | - Andreas Helbling
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Blochowicz
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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25
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Arakawa Y, Ishida Y, Shiba T, Igawa K, Sasaki S, Tsuji H. Effects of alkylthio groups on phase transitions of organic molecules and liquid crystals: a comparative study with alkyl and alkoxy groups. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01470f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the alkylthio groups on the phase transition behavior of organic liquid crystal molecules were examined by comparing them with the effects of alkyl and alkoxy groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Arakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishida
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Takuma Shiba
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Igawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sasaki
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Hideto Tsuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
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26
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Schulze MC, Prieto AL. Mixed-conducting properties of annealed polyacrylonitrile activated by n-doping of conjugated domains. Chem Sci 2021; 13:225-235. [PMID: 35059171 PMCID: PMC8694334 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02350k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical limiting factors in next generation electrode materials for rechargeable batteries include short lifetimes, poor reaction reversibility, and safety concerns. Many of these challenges are caused by detrimental interactions at the interfaces between electrode materials and the electrolyte. Thermally annealed polyacrylonitrile has recently shown empirical success in mitigating such detrimental interactions when used in conjunction with alloy anode materials, though the mechanisms by which it does so are not well understood. This is a common problem in the battery community: an additive or a coating improves certain battery characteristics, but without a deeper understanding of how or why, design rules to further motivate the design of new chemistries can't be developed. Herein, we systematically investigate the effect of heating parameters on the properties of annealed polyacrylonitrile to identify the structural basis for such beneficial properties. We find that sufficiently long annealing times and control over temperature result in the formation of conjugated imine domains. When sufficiently large, the conjugated domains can be electrochemically reduced in a Li-ion half-cell battery, effectively n-doping the polymeric matrix and allowing it to become a mixed-conductor, with the ability to conduct both the Li-ions and electrons needed for reversible lithiation of an interdispersed alloy active material like antimony. Not only do those relationships inform design principles for annealed polyacrylonitrile containing electrodes, but they also identify new strategies in the development of mixed-conducting materials for use in next generation battery electrodes. Thermal annealing of polyacrylonitrile results in the formation of conjugated imine domains. When of sufficient size, these conjugated domains can be electrochemically activated to exhibit both electronic and ionic conductivity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell C Schulze
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
| | - Amy L Prieto
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80523 USA
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27
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28
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Abstract
The need for a reliable and comprehensive database of cross-sections for many atomic and molecular species is immense due to its key role in R&D domains such as plasma modelling, bio-chemical processes, medicine and many other natural and technological environments. Elastic, momentum transfer and total cross-sections of butanol and pentanol isomers by the impact of 6–5000 eV electrons are presented in this work. The calculations were performed by employing the spherical complex optical potential formalism along with single-centre expansion and group additivity rule. The investigations into the presence of isomeric variations reveal that they are more pronounced at low and intermediate energies. Elastic, total cross-sections (with the exception of n-pentanol) and momentum transfer cross-sections for all pentanol isomers are reported here for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Our momentum transfer cross-sections for butanol isomers are in very good agreement with the experimental and theoretical values available, and in reasonable consensus for other cross-sections.
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29
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Xue D, Chen Z, Liu J, Liu J, Wu D, Li Y, Li Z. Oxidization of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with superhalogens. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Graves V, Cooper B, Tennyson J. The efficient calculation of electron impact ionization cross sections with effective core potentials. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:114104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0039465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Graves
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Bridgette Cooper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Tennyson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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31
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Catacuzzeno L, Sforna L, Franciolini F, Eisenberg RS. Multiscale modeling shows that dielectric differences make NaV channels faster than KV channels. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:211724. [PMID: 33502441 PMCID: PMC7845922 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of action potentials in excitable cells requires different activation kinetics of voltage-gated Na (NaV) and K (KV) channels. NaV channels activate much faster and allow the initial Na+ influx that generates the depolarizing phase and propagates the signal. Recent experimental results suggest that the molecular basis for this kinetic difference is an amino acid side chain located in the gating pore of the voltage sensor domain, which is a highly conserved isoleucine in KV channels but an equally highly conserved threonine in NaV channels. Mutagenesis suggests that the hydrophobicity of this side chain in Shaker KV channels regulates the energetic barrier that gating charges cross as they move through the gating pore and control the rate of channel opening. We use a multiscale modeling approach to test this hypothesis. We use high-resolution molecular dynamics to study the effect of the mutation on polarization charge within the gating pore. We then incorporate these results in a lower-resolution model of voltage gating to predict the effect of the mutation on the movement of gating charges. The predictions of our hierarchical model are fully consistent with the tested hypothesis, thus suggesting that the faster activation kinetics of NaV channels comes from a stronger dielectric polarization by threonine (NaV channel) produced as the first gating charge enters the gating pore compared with isoleucine (KV channel).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Catacuzzeno
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Sforna
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fabio Franciolini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Robert S Eisenberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Rush University, Chicago, IL.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL
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32
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Khan A, Vazquez PAM, Fernandes RMT. Assessment of the proposed pseudo-potential theoretical model for the static and dynamic Raman scattering intensities: Multivariate statistical approach to quantum-chemistry protocols. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 245:118891. [PMID: 32919150 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Accurate calculation of molecular polarizabilities and Raman intensities required high-level correlated wave functions (CCSD) and large basis set with the inclusion of electronic correlation within experimental precision. These requirements, in terms of time and computation, are economically costly. Polarized Gaussian basis sets adapted to effective core potentials (ECPs) for the static and frequency dependent Raman intensities is presented. The results of the proposed basis sets at CCSD and DFT levels in comparison with Sadlej-pVTZ, as reference basis set, show quite a good quantitative agreement in the properties with a valuable reduction in the computational time and resources. Multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to study the assessment of the efficiency of proposed methodology and diagnose the inherent information related to the kind of normal vibrational mode of each molecule, based on the variations in the computed Raman intensities. The results, in the form of score-plots, explored a clear segregation and classification among the Raman intensities data, revealing its dependence on the excitation frequencies of laser and nature of the vibrational mode of each molecule of interest. Moreover, the projection of the loadings-plots of the PCs successfully enabled to classify the most correlated computational methods in to the same groups, and made isolations of the less efficient basis functions at the corresponding theoretical method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamgir Khan
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Educação, Ciências Exatas e Naturais - CECEN, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Campus São Luís/MA, CEP 65000-00, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Antônio Muniz Vazquez
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas - UNICAMP, Caixa Postal 6154, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Maria Trindade Fernandes
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Educação, Ciências Exatas e Naturais - CECEN, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão - UEMA, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Campus São Luís/MA, CEP 65000-00, Brazil.
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33
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Cheong Z, Moreira GM, Bettega MHF, Blanco F, Garcia G, Brunger MJ, White RD, Sullivan JP. A comparison of experimental and theoretical low energy positron scattering from furan. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:244303. [PMID: 33380099 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a joint experimental and theoretical study of positron scattering from furan. Experimental data were measured using the low energy positron beamline located at the Australian National University and cover an energy range from 1 eV to 30 eV. Cross sections were measured for total scattering, total elastic and inelastic scattering, positronium formation, and differential elastic scattering. Two theoretical approaches are presented: the Schwinger multichannel method and the independent atom method with screening corrected additivity rule. In addition, our data are compared to corresponding electron scattering results from the same target with a number of significant differences observed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Cheong
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - G M Moreira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19044, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - M H F Bettega
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19044, 81531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - F Blanco
- Departamento de Fısica Atomica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G Garcia
- Instituto de Fısica Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Brunger
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - R D White
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld., Australia
| | - J P Sullivan
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Abstract
The nature of π-π interactions has long been debated. The term "π-stacking" is considered by some to be a misnomer, in part because overlapping π-electron densities are thought to incur steric repulsion, and the physical origins of the widely-encountered "slip-stacked" motif have variously been attributed to either sterics or electrostatics, in competition with dispersion. Here, we use quantum-mechanical energy decomposition analysis to investigate π-π interactions in supramolecular complexes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, ranging in size up to realistic models of graphene, and for comparison we perform the same analysis on stacked complexes of polycyclic saturated hydrocarbons, which are cyclohexane-based analogues of graphane. Our results help to explain the short-range structure of liquid hydrocarbons that is inferred from neutron scattering, trends in melting-point data, the interlayer separation of graphene sheets, and finally band gaps and observation of molecular plasmons in graphene nanoribbons. Analysis of intermolecular forces demonstrates that aromatic π-π interactions constitute a unique and fundamentally quantum-mechanical form of non-bonded interaction. Not only do stacked π-π architectures enhance dispersion, but quadrupolar electrostatic interactions that may be repulsive at long range are rendered attractive at the intermolecular distances that characterize π-stacking, as a result of charge penetration effects. The planar geometries of aromatic sp2 carbon networks lead to attractive interactions that are "served up on a molecular pizza peel", and adoption of slip-stacked geometries minimizes steric (rather than electrostatic) repulsion. The slip-stacked motif therefore emerges not as a defect induced by electrostatic repulsion but rather as a natural outcome of a conformational landscape that is dominated by van der Waals interactions (dispersion plus Pauli repulsion), and is therefore fundamentally quantum-mechanical in its origins. This reinterpretation of the forces responsible for π-stacking has important implications for the manner in which non-bonded interactions are modeled using classical force fields, and for rationalizing the prevalence of the slip-stacked π-π motif in protein crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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35
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Cardona J, Jorge M, Lue L. Simple corrections for the static dielectric constant of liquid mixtures from model force fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:21741-21749. [PMID: 32959821 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04034g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pair-wise additive force fields provide fairly accurate predictions, through classical molecular simulations, for a wide range of structural, thermodynamic, and dynamical properties of many materials. However, one key property that has not been well captured is the static dielectric constant, which characterizes the response of a system to an applied electric field and is important in determining the screening of electrostatic interactions through a system. A simple correction has been found to provide a relatively robust method to improve the estimate of the static dielectric constant from molecular simulations for a broad range of compounds. This approach accounts for the electronic contribution to molecular polarizability and assumes that the charges that couple a molecule to an applied electric field are proportional to the effective force field charges. In this work, we examine how this correction performs for systems at different temperatures and for binary mixtures. Using a value for the electronic polarizability, based on the experimental index of refraction, and a charge scaling factor, determined at a single temperature, we find that the static dielectric constant can be predicted remarkably well, in comparison to the experimentally measured values. This provides good evidence that the effective charges that appear in pair-wise additive force fields developed to reproduce the potential energy surface of a system are not the same as those that determine the static dielectric constant; however, they can be captured in a relatively simple manner, which is dependent on the particular force field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Cardona
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK. and Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Royal College Building, 204 George Street, Glasgow G1 1XW, UK
| | - Miguel Jorge
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK.
| | - Leo Lue
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK.
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36
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Hui WCH, Lemke KH. The ozone–water complex: CCSD(T)/CBS structures and anharmonic vibrational spectroscopy of O 3(H 2O) n, ( n = 1 − 2). J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084302. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0015597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wallace C. H. Hui
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Kono H. Lemke
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong, SAR
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37
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Hebal H, Parviainen A, Anbarasan S, Li H, Makkonen L, Bankar S, King AW, Kilpeläinen I, Benallaoua S, Turunen O. Inhibition of hyperthermostable xylanases by superbase ionic liquids. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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38
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Zamitha S, Ji MC, L’Hermite JM, Joblin C, Dontot L, Rapacioli M, Spiegelman F. Thermal evaporation of pyrene clusters. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:194303. [PMID: 31757155 PMCID: PMC6908449 DOI: 10.1063/1.5100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents a study of the thermal evaporation and stability of pyrene (C16H10)n clusters. Thermal evaporation rates of positively charged mass-selected clusters are measured for sizes in the range n = 3-40 pyrene units. The experimental setup consists of a gas aggregation source, a thermalization chamber, and a time of flight mass spectrometer. A microcanonical Phase Space Theory (PST) simulation is used to determine the dissociation energies of pyrene clusters by fitting the experimental breakdown curves. Calculations using the Density Functional based Tight Binding combined with a Configuration Interaction (CI-DFTB) model and a hierarchical optimization scheme are also performed in the range n = 2-7 to determine the harmonic frequencies and a theoretical estimation of the dissociation energies. The frequencies are used in the calculations of the density of states needed in the PST simulations, assuming an extrapolation scheme for clusters larger than 7 units. Using the PST model with a minimal set of adjustable parameters, we obtain good fits of the experimental breakdown curves over the full studied size range. The approximations inherent to the PST simulation and the influence of the used parameters are carefully estimated. The derived dissociation energies show significant variations over the studied size range. Compared with neutral clusters, significantly higher values of the dissociation energies are obtained for the smaller sizes and attributed to charge resonance in line with CI-DFTB calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Zamitha
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR/IRSAMC) UMR5589, Université de Toulouse and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Ming-Chao Ji
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP) UMR5277, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Marc L’Hermite
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité (LCAR/IRSAMC) UMR5589, Université de Toulouse and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Joblin
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP) UMR5277, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse, France
| | - Léo Dontot
- Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP) UMR5277, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, CNES, 9 avenue du Colonel Roche, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ/IRSAMC) UMR5626, Université de Toulouse and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ/IRSAMC) UMR5626, Université de Toulouse and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Fernand Spiegelman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (LCPQ/IRSAMC) UMR5626, Université de Toulouse and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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39
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Evaluation of Molecular Polarizability and of Intensity Carrying Modes Contributions in Circular Dichroism Spectroscopies. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9214691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We re-examine the theory of electronic and vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy in terms of the formalism of frequency-dependent molecular polarizabilities. We show the link between Fermi’s gold rule in circular dichroism and the trace of the complex electric dipole–magnetic dipole polarizability. We introduce the C++ code polar to compute the molecular polarizability complex tensors from quantum chemistry outputs, thus simulating straightforwardly UV-visible absorption (UV-Vis)/electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra, and infrared (IR)/vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra. We validate the theory and the code by referring to literature data of a large group of chiral molecules, showing the remarkable accuracy of density functional theory (DFT) methods. We anticipate the application of this methodology to the interpretation of vibrational spectra in various measurement conditions, even in presence of metal surfaces with plasmonic properties. Our theoretical developments aim, in the long run, at embedding the quantum-mechanical details of the chiroptical spectroscopic response of a molecule into the simulation of the electromagnetic field distribution at the surface of plasmonic devices. Such simulations are also instrumental to the interpretation of the experimental spectra measured from devices designed to enhance chiroptical interactions by the surface plasmon resonance of metal nanostructures.
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40
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Oggioni L, Pariani G, Zamkotsian F, Bertarelli C, Bianco A. Holography with Photochromic Diarylethenes. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12172810. [PMID: 31480569 PMCID: PMC6747824 DOI: 10.3390/ma12172810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Photochromic materials are attractive for the development of holograms for different reasons: they show a modulation of the complex refractive index, meaning they are suitable for both amplitude and phase holograms; they are self-developing materials, which do not require any chemical process after the light exposure to obtain the final hologram; the holograms are rewritable, making the system a convenient reconfigurable platform for these types of diffractive elements. In this paper, we will show the features of photochromic materials, in particular diarylethenes in terms of the modulation of a transparency and refractive index, which are mandatory for their use in holography. Moreover, we report on the strategies used to write binary and grayscale holograms and their achieved results. The outcomes are general, and they can be further applied to other classes of photochromic materials in order to optimize the system for achieving high efficiency and high fidelity holograms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Oggioni
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (LC), Italy
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica 'Giulio Natta', P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Giorgio Pariani
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (LC), Italy
| | - Frédéric Zamkotsian
- Aix Marseille Universite, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, 38 Rue Frédéric Joliot Curie, 13388 Marseille CEDEX 13, France
| | - Chiara Bertarelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica 'Giulio Natta', P.zza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano (MI), Italy
| | - Andrea Bianco
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (LC), Italy.
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41
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Możejko P, Stefanowska-Tur S, Ptasińska-Denga E, Szmytkowski C. Electron scattering from tin tetrachloride (SnCl 4) molecules. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5116307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Możejko
- Department of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Stefanowska-Tur
- Department of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Ptasińska-Denga
- Department of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Czesław Szmytkowski
- Department of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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42
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Leduc T, Aubert E, Espinosa E, Jelsch C, Iordache C, Guillot B. Polarization of Electron Density Databases of Transferable Multipolar Atoms. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7156-7170. [PMID: 31294565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polarizability is a key molecular property involved in either macroscopic (i.e., dielectric constant) and microscopic properties (i.e., interaction energies). In rigid molecules, this property only depends on the ability of the electron density (ED) to acquire electrostatic moments in response to applied electric fields. Databases of transferable electron density fragments are a cheap and efficient way to access molecular EDs. This approach is rooted in the relative conservation of the atomic ED between different molecules, termed transferability principle. The present work discusses the application of this transferability principle to the polarizability, an electron density-derived property, partitioned in atomic contributions using the Quantum Theory of Atoms In Molecules topology. The energetic consequences of accounting for in situ deformation (polarization) of database multipolar atoms are investigated in detail by using a high-quality quantum chemical benchmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Leduc
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2 , F-54000 Nancy , France
| | | | | | | | | | - Benoît Guillot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2 , F-54000 Nancy , France
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43
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Rutskoy BV, Bezrukov DS. Ab Initio Description of the Structure and Interaction Energy of Perhalomethane Dimers. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024419080259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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44
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Gadomski W, Ratajska-Gadomska B, Polok K. Fine structures in Raman spectra of tetrahedral tetrachloride molecules in femtosecond coherent spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:244505. [PMID: 31255073 DOI: 10.1063/1.5072760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herewith, we present fast Fourier transforms of time resolved signals, obtained by use of the femtosecond transient transmission (TT) spectroscopy, for three tetrachlorides, CCl4, SiCl4, and GeCl4, and chloroform, CHCl3. Due to coherent excitation of molecules, the isotopic splitting of their spectral bands in the range of symmetric stretching vibration can be observed with high resolution not available in spontaneous Raman scattering. The intensity distribution in the isotopic fine structure pattern appears to differ for various studied molecules, which is explained by the role of intermolecular interactions and the local order of molecules in the liquids. In particular, in SiCl4, the vibrational band exhibits anomalous ratios of the peak amplitudes, which do not agree with the natural abundance of the isotopologues. Using the simple oscillatory model of the liquid and fitting theoretical curves to the experimental results, we have been able to find the intermolecular force constants for all three liquids and to formulate the conclusion that the anomalous spectral pattern in SiCl4 results from strong interactions between the closest Cl atoms belonging to adjacent molecules. Application of the windowed Fourier transform enables us to study the dynamics of intermolecular interactions. The strength of intermolecular interactions in CCl4, SiCl4, and GeCl4, found by the TT technique, is compared with the results obtained by means of the femtosecond optical Kerr effect spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gadomski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. ŻwirkiiWigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Ratajska-Gadomska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. ŻwirkiiWigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Polok
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. ŻwirkiiWigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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45
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Cammi R. The Role of Computational Chemistry in the Experimental Determination of the Dipole Moment of Molecules in Solution. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2309-2317. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cammi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental SustainabilityUniversity of Parma I‐43100 Parma Italy
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46
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Gomes M, da Silva DGM, Fernandes ACP, Ghosh S, Pires WAD, Jones DB, Blanco F, García G, Brunger MJ, Lopes MCA. Electron scattering from 1-butanol at intermediate impact energies: Total cross sections. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:194307. [PMID: 31117791 DOI: 10.1063/1.5096211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report experimental measurements of the absolute total cross sections (TCSs) for electron scattering from 1-butanol at impact energies in the range 80-400 eV. Those measurements were conducted by considering the attenuation of a collimated electron beam, at a given energy, through a gas cell containing 1-butanol, at a given pressure, and through application of the Beer-Lambert law to derive the required TCS. We also report theoretical results using the Independent-Atom Model with Screening Corrected Additivity Rule and Interference approach. Those results include the TCS, the elastic integral cross section (ICS), the ionization total ICS, and the sum over all excitation process ICSs with agreement at the TCS level between our measured and calculated results being encouraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gomes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - D G M da Silva
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - A C P Fernandes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - S Ghosh
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - W A D Pires
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
| | - D B Jones
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - F Blanco
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - G García
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, CSIC, Serano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Brunger
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - M C A Lopes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG 36036-900, Brazil
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47
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Zhang R, Zhuang T, Zhang Q, Wang W. Mechanistic studies on the dibenzofuran and dibenzo‑p‑dioxin formation reactions from anthracene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:41-47. [PMID: 30684901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated dibenzo‑p‑dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are highly toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic to humans. As precursors of PCDD/Fs, dibenzofuran (DF) and dibenzo‑p‑dioxin (DD) have received considerable public and scientific attention. To reduce the emission of PCDD/Fs, it is critical to explore the formation mechanisms of DF and DD. The present study delineated the DF and DD formation mechanisms from anthracene partial oxidation with the aid of high-accuracy quantum chemistry calculations. The rate constants of crucial elementary steps were obtained utilizing canonical variational transition-state (CVT) theory with the small curvature tunneling (SCT) correction. The results indicate that anthracene could be important precursor of DF and DD, because of the potential barriers for all the major elementary reactions are lower than 33.54kcalmol-1. This work also reveals that water molecule plays an important catalytic effect during the formation of both DF and DD by lowering the barriers of about 27.24kcalmol-1. For the water-assisted formation pathway, DF is the dominate product of anthracene partial oxidation with the highest barrier of 30.45kcalmol-1. For the non-water-assisted formation pathway, DD is the dominate product with the highest barrier of 33.54kcalmol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiming Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan 250102, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China; Jinan Environmental Research Academy, Jinan 250102, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
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48
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Rösel S, Becker J, Allen WD, Schreiner PR. Probing the Delicate Balance between Pauli Repulsion and London Dispersion with Triphenylmethyl Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14421-14432. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sören Rösel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Nunes R, Nunes N, Elvas-Leitão R, Martins F. Using solvatochromic probes to investigate intermolecular interactions in 1,4-dioxane/methanol/acetonitrile solvent mixtures. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Loupas A, Lozano AI, Blanco F, Gorfinkiel JD, García G. Cross sections for electron scattering from thiophene for a broad energy range. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:034304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Loupas
- Laboratório de Colisões Atómicas e Moleculares, CEFITEC, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Ana. I. Lozano
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Blanco
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jimena D. Gorfinkiel
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
| | - Gustavo García
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 113-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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