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Matsumoto H, Iwai T, Sawamura M, Miura Y. Continuous-Flow Catalysis Using Phosphine-Metal Complexes on Porous Polymers: Designing Ligands, Pores, and Reactors. Chempluschem 2024:e202400039. [PMID: 38549362 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Continuous-flow syntheses using immobilized catalysts can offer efficient chemical processes with easy separation and purification. Porous polymers have gained significant interests for their applications to catalytic systems in the field of organic chemistry. The porous polymers are recognized for their large surface area, high chemical stability, facile modulation of surface chemistry, and cost-effectiveness. It is crucial to immobilize transition-metal catalysts due to their difficult separation and high toxicity. Supported phosphine ligands represent a noteworthy system for the effective immobilization of metal catalysts and modulation of catalytic properties. Researchers have been actively pursuing strategies involving phosphine-metal complexes supported on porous polymers, aiming for high activities, durabilities, selectivities, and applicability to continuous-flow systems. This review provides a concise overview of phosphine-metal complexes supported on porous polymers for continuous-flow catalytic reactions. Polymer catalysts are categorized based on pore sizes, including micro-, meso-, and macroporous polymers. The characteristics of these porous polymers are explored concerning their efficiency in immobilized catalysis and continuous-flow systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Matsumoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iwai
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Miura
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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2
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Paenkaew S, Mahanitipong U, Rutnakornpituk M, Reiser O. Magnetite Nanoparticles Functionalized with Thermoresponsive Polymers as a Palladium Support for Olefin and Nitroarene Hydrogenation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14531-14540. [PMID: 37125099 PMCID: PMC10134246 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A thermoresponsive and recyclable nanomaterial was synthesized by surface modification of magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (P(NIPAAm-co-DEAEMA)), having PNIPAAm as a thermoresponsive moiety and PDEAEMA for catalyst binding. Palladium (Pd) nanoparticles were incorporated into this material, and the resulting nanocatalyst was efficient in the hydrogenation of olefins and nitro compounds with turnover frequencies (TOFs) up to 750 h-1. Consistent catalytic activity in 10 consecutive runs was observed when performing the hydrogenation at 45 °C, i.e., above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the copolymer (37 °C), followed by cooling to 15 °C, i.e., below the LCST of the copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujittra Paenkaew
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of
Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Usana Mahanitipong
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of
Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Metha Rutnakornpituk
- Department
of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of
Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Naganawa Y, Fujita A, Sakamoto K, Tanaka S, Sato K, Nakajima Y. Borane-Protecting Strategy for Hydrosilylation of Phosphorus-Containing Olefins. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5672-5682. [PMID: 36816693 PMCID: PMC9933236 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ir-catalyzed hydrosilylation of the alkenyl phosphine borane complex 1 was achieved to give the corresponding products 2. Because the phosphino group coordinates with metals and is unstable under aerobic conditions, the formation of the corresponding borane adduct was effective not only to promote the target hydrosilylation but also to keep 1 stable under aerobic conditions. The removal of coordinated borane from 2 was readily performed with the treatment by 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane to apply to further transformations. The immobilization and following deprotection of 2 on the surface of mesoporous silica were also examined.
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Buntkowsky G, Vogel M. Small Molecules, Non-Covalent Interactions, and Confinement. Molecules 2020; 25:E3311. [PMID: 32708283 PMCID: PMC7397022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This review gives an overview of current trends in the investigation of small guest molecules, confined in neat and functionalized mesoporous silica materials by a combination of solid-state NMR and relaxometry with other physico-chemical techniques. The reported guest molecules are water, small alcohols, and carbonic acids, small aromatic and heteroaromatic molecules, ionic liquids, and surfactants. They are taken as characteristic role-models, which are representatives for the typical classes of organic molecules. It is shown that this combination delivers unique insights into the structure, arrangement, dynamics, guest-host interactions, and the binding sites in these confined systems, and is probably the most powerful analytical technique to probe these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Buntkowsky
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Vogel
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
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Guenther J, Reibenspies J, Blümel J. Synthesis and characterization of tridentate phosphine ligands incorporating long methylene chains and ethoxysilane groups for immobilizing molecular rhodium catalysts. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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6
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Yang Y, Chang JW, Rioux RM. Structural elucidation of supported Rh complexes derived from RhCl(PPh3)3 immobilized on surface-functionalized SBA-15 and their catalytic performance for C-heteroatom (S, O) bond formation. J Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hajipour AR, Zakery S. α-ZrP/Uracil/Cu2+nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst in the Morita-Baylis-Hillman reaction. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdol R. Hajipour
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
| | - Saedeh Zakery
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry; Isfahan University of Technology; Isfahan 84156-83111 Iran
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8
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Intramolecular hydrogenation of triethylsilylethylene catalyzed by Ru(II) complex: Agostic bond formation and trizonal transition states with ten acting atoms. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Baker JH, Bhuvanesh N, Blümel J. Tetraphosphines with tetra(biphenyl)silane and -stannane cores as rigid scaffold linkers for immobilized catalysts. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Queffélec C, Schlindwein SH, Gudat D, Silvestre V, Rodriguez-Zubiri M, Fayon F, Bujoli B, Wang Q, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S. Wilkinson-Type Immobilized Catalyst on Diamond Nanoparticles for Alkene Reduction. ChemCatChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Queffélec
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse Analyse Modélisation (CEISAM); Université de Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6230; 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Simon H. Schlindwein
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; University of Stuttgart; Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Virginie Silvestre
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse Analyse Modélisation (CEISAM); Université de Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6230; 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Mireia Rodriguez-Zubiri
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse Analyse Modélisation (CEISAM); Université de Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6230; 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Franck Fayon
- CEMHTI-CNRS, 1D av. de la Recherche Scientifique; 45071 Orléans Cedex 2 France
| | - Bruno Bujoli
- Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité: Synthèse Analyse Modélisation (CEISAM); Université de Nantes, CNRS, UMR 6230; 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials; Shandong University; Jinan 250061 P.R. China
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR-CNRS 8520; Université Lille 1; Avenue Poincaré-BP60069 59652 Villeneuve O'Ascq France
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Institute of Electronics, Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), UMR-CNRS 8520; Université Lille 1; Avenue Poincaré-BP60069 59652 Villeneuve O'Ascq France
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Gutmann T, Alkhagani S, Rothermel N, Limbach HH, Breitzke H, Buntkowsky G. 31P-Solid-State NMR Characterization and Catalytic Hydrogenation Tests of Novel heterogenized Iridium-Catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2016-0837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The synthesis of novel robust and stable iridium-based immobilized catalysts on silica-polymer hybrid materials (Si-PB-Ir) is described. These catalysts are characterized by a combination of 1D 31P CP-MAS and 2D 31P-1H HETCOR and J-resolved multinuclear solid state NMR experiments. Different binding situations such as singly and multiply coordinated phosphines are identified. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to corroborate the interpretation of the experimental NMR data, in order to propose a structural model of the heterogenized catalysts. Finally, the catalytic activity of the Si-PB-Ir catalysts is investigated for the hydrogenation of styrene employing para-enriched hydrogen gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Gutmann
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Safaa Alkhagani
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Niels Rothermel
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Limbach
- Freie Universität Berlin, FB Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hergen Breitzke
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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12
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Srour M, Hadjiali S, Sauer G, Brunnengräber K, Breitzke H, Xu Y, Weidler H, Limbach HH, Gutmann T, Buntkowsky G. Synthesis and Solid-State NMR Characterization of a Robust, Pyridyl-Based Immobilized Wilkinson's Type Catalyst with High Catalytic Performance. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Srour
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Sara Hadjiali
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Grit Sauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Kai Brunnengräber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Hergen Breitzke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Yeping Xu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Heiko Weidler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Hans-Heinrich Limbach
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 17195 Berlin Germany
| | - Torsten Gutmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; Technical University Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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13
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Espinas J, Rahal R, Abou-Hamad E, El Eter M, Basset JM. Rigid, non-porous and tunable hybrid p-aminobenzoate/TiO2 materials: Toward a fine structural determination of the immobilized RhCl(Ph3)3 complex. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Gutmann T, Liu J, Rothermel N, Xu Y, Jaumann E, Werner M, Breitzke H, Sigurdsson ST, Buntkowsky G. Natural abundance 15N NMR by dynamic nuclear polarization: fast analysis of binding sites of a novel amine-carboxyl-linked immobilized dirhodium catalyst. Chemistry 2015; 21:3798-805. [PMID: 25620003 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201405043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel heterogeneous dirhodium catalyst has been synthesized. This stable catalyst is constructed from dirhodium acetate dimer (Rh2(OAc)4) units, which are covalently linked to amine- and carboxyl-bifunctionalized mesoporous silica (SBA-15-NH2-COOH). It shows good efficiency in catalyzing the cyclopropanation reaction of styrene and ethyl diazoacetate (EDA) forming cis- and trans-1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-phenylcyclopropane. To characterize the structure of this catalyst and to confirm the successful immobilization, heteronuclear solid-state NMR experiments have been performed. The high application potential of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR for the analysis of binding sites in this novel catalyst is demonstrated. Signal-enhanced (13)C CP MAS and (15)N CP MAS techniques have been employed to detect different carboxyl and amine binding sites in natural abundance on a fast time scale. The interpretation of the experimental chemical shift values for different binding sites has been corroborated by quantum chemical calculations on dirhodium model complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Gutmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287 Darmstadt (Germany).
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15
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Silbernagel R, Díaz A, Steffensmeier E, Clearfield A, Blümel J. Wilkinson-type hydrogenation catalysts immobilized on zirconium phosphate nanoplatelets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Buntkowsky G, Gutmann T, Petrova MV, Ivanov KL, Bommerich U, Plaumann M, Bernarding J. Dipolar induced para-hydrogen-induced polarization. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2014; 63-64:20-29. [PMID: 25218522 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Analytical expressions for the signal enhancement in solid-state PHIP NMR spectroscopy mediated by homonuclear dipolar interactions and single pulse or spin-echo excitation are developed and simulated numerically. It is shown that an efficient enhancement of the proton NMR signal in solid-state NMR studies of chemisorbed hydrogen on surfaces is possible. Employing typical reaction efficacy, enhancement-factors of ca. 30-40 can be expected both under ALTADENA and under PASADENA conditions. This result has important consequences for the practical application of the method, since it potentially allows the design of an in-situ flow setup, where the para-hydrogen is adsorbed and desorbed from catalyst surfaces inside the NMR magnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Buntkowsky
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Torsten Gutmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marina V Petrova
- International Tomography Center, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Konstantin L Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Institutskaya 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ute Bommerich
- Leibniz-Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Plaumann
- Dept. of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Bernarding
- Dept. of Biometry and Medical Informatics, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Abdulhussain S, Breitzke H, Ratajczyk T, Grünberg A, Srour M, Arnaut D, Weidler H, Kunz U, Kleebe HJ, Bommerich U, Bernarding J, Gutmann T, Buntkowsky G. Synthesis, Solid-State NMR Characterization, and Application for Hydrogenation Reactions of a Novel Wilkinson’s-Type Immobilized Catalyst. Chemistry 2013; 20:1159-66. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201303020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Gutmann T, Grünberg A, Rothermel N, Werner M, Srour M, Abdulhussain S, Tan S, Xu Y, Breitzke H, Buntkowsky G. Solid-state NMR concepts for the investigation of supported transition metal catalysts and nanoparticles. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2013; 55-56:1-11. [PMID: 23972428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, solid-state NMR spectroscopy has evolved into an important characterization tool for the study of solid catalysts and chemical processes on their surface. This interest is mainly triggered by the need of environmentally benign organic transformations ("green chemistry"), which has resulted in a large number of new catalytically active hybrid materials, which are organized on the meso- and nanoscale. Typical examples of these catalysts are supported homogeneous transition metal catalysts or transition metal nanoparticles (MNPs). Solid-state NMR spectroscopy is able to characterize both the structures of these materials and the chemical processes on the catalytic surface. This article presents recent trends both on the characterization of immobilized homogeneous transition metal catalysts and on the characterization of surface species on transition metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Gutmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Petersenstrasse 22, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Palladium complex catalysts immobilized on silica via a tripodal linker unit with amino groups: Preparation, characterization, and application to the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Heterogenized Wilkinson-Type Catalyst for Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Guenther J, Reibenspies J, Blümel J. Synthesis, Immobilization, MAS and HR-MAS NMR of a New Chelate Phosphine Linker System, and Catalysis by Rhodium Adducts Thereof. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Setrak K. Tanielyan
- Center for Applied Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
| | - Robert L. Augustine
- Center for Applied Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
| | - Norman Marin
- Center for Applied Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
| | - Gabriela Alvez
- Center for Applied Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, United States
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Leitmannová E, Jirásek P, Rak J, Potucká L, Kačer P, Červený L. Terminal C≡C triple bond hydrogenation using immobilized Wilkinson’s catalyst. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-010-0162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Wang L, Jia M, Shylesh S, Philippi T, Seifert A, Ernst S, Singh AP, Thiel WR. A Covalently Immobilized Triphenylphosphine Rhodium Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application in Catalytic Olefin Hydrogenation. ChemCatChem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Grünberg A, Yeping X, Breitzke H, Buntkowsky G. Solid-State NMR Characterization of Wilkinson’s Catalyst Immobilized in Mesoporous SBA-3 Silica. Chemistry 2010; 16:6993-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Beele B, Guenther J, Perera M, Stach M, Oeser T, Blümel J. New linker systems for superior immobilized catalysts. NEW J CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00482k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nunes RM, Fernandes TF, Carvalho GA, dos Santos EN, Moreno MJS, Piedade A, Pereira MM. Recyclable immobilized rhodium catalysts in the diastereoselective hydrogenation of unsaturated steroids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2009.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Walaszek B, Yeping X, Adamczyk A, Breitzke H, Pelzer K, Limbach HH, Huang J, Li H, Buntkowsky G. 2H-solid-state-NMR study of hydrogen adsorbed on catalytically active ruthenium coated mesoporous silica materials. SOLID STATE NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE 2009; 35:164-171. [PMID: 19359146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssnmr.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
(2)H solid-state NMR measurements were performed on three samples of ruthenium nanoparticles synthesized inside two different kinds of mesoporous silica, namely SBA-3 silica materials and SBA-15 functionalized with -COOH groups and loaded with deuterium gas. The line-shape analyses of the spectra reveal the different deuteron species. In all samples a strong -OD signal is found, which shows the catalytic activity of the metal, which activates the D-D bond and deuterates the -SiOH groups through the gas phase, corroborating their usability as catalysts for hydrogenation reactions. At room temperature the mobility of the -Si-OD groups depends on the sample preparation. In addition to the -Si-OD deuterons, the presence of different types of deuterons bound to the metal is revealed. The singly coordinated -Ru-D species exhibit several different quadrupolar couplings, which indicate the presence of several non-equivalent binding sites with differing binding strength. In addition to the dissociated hydrogen species there is also a dihydrogen species -Ru-D(2), which is attributed to defect sites on the surface. It exhibits a fast rotational dynamics at all temperatures. Finally there are also indications of three-fold coordinated surface deuterons and octahedrally coordinated deuterons inside the metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Walaszek
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Böhmer IK, Alt HG. Influence of triphenylphosphine on the activity of heterogeneous iridium, rhodium and platinum containing catalysts for the dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons. J Organomet Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Wang L, Reis A, Seifert A, Philippi T, Ernst S, Jia M, Thiel WR. A simple procedure for the covalent grafting of triphenylphosphine ligands on silica: application in the palladium catalyzed Suzuki reaction. Dalton Trans 2009:3315-20. [DOI: 10.1039/b820449g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Blümel J. Linkers and catalysts immobilized on oxide supports: New insights by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Coord Chem Rev 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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Taubmann S, Alt HG. Heterogeneous catalysts for the dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2008.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Adamczyk A, Xu Y, Walaszek B, Roelofs F, Pery T, Pelzer K, Philippot K, Chaudret B, Limbach HH, Breitzke H, Buntkowsky G. Solid State and Gas Phase NMR Studies of Immobilized Catalysts and Catalytic Active Nanoparticles. Top Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-008-9054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Alt H, Böhmer I. Katalytische Dehydrierung von Isopentan mit Iridiumkatalysatoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200704856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Alt H, Böhmer I. Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Isopentane with Iridium Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:2619-21. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200704856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Chaplin AB, Dyson PJ. On the Influence of “Arm-on, Arm-off” Processes on Alkene Hydrogenation Catalysed by a Rhodium Triphos Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200700496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Zecchina A, Groppo E, Bordiga S. Selective catalysis and nanoscience: an inseparable pair. Chemistry 2007; 13:2440-60. [PMID: 17294491 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200600678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Selective catalysts can be considered as nanomachines designed to perform the synthesis of molecules with high reaction activity and high selectivity. These properties arise from a precise control of the structure of the active sites, of the three-dimensional environment and of their relationship. In both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts the active site three-dimensional environment ensemble is always a complex structure resembling the tuneable structure of enzymes, which are the most efficient catalysts optimized by nature over billions of years. To illustrate this concept the structure of a few homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for alkenes hydrogenation and for olefin polymerization are chosen and discussed as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Zecchina
- Department of Inorganic, Physical and Materials Chemistry, NIS (Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces) Centre of Excellence and INSTM Centro di Riferimento, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy.
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39
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Koptyug IV, Kovtunov KV, Burt SR, Anwar MS, Hilty C, Han SI, Pines A, Sagdeev RZ. para-Hydrogen-Induced Polarization in Heterogeneous Hydrogenation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5580-6. [PMID: 17408268 DOI: 10.1021/ja068653o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the creation and observation of para-hydrogen-induced polarization in heterogeneous hydrogenation reactions. Wilkinson's catalyst, RhCl(PPh3)3, supported on either modified silica gel or a polymer, is shown to hydrogenate styrene into ethylbenzene and to produce enhanced spin polarizations, observed through NMR, when the reaction was performed with H2 gas enriched in the para spin isomer. Furthermore, gaseous phase para-hydrogenation of propylene to propane with two catalysts, the Wilkinson's catalyst supported on modified silica gel and Rh(cod)(sulfos) (cod = cycloocta-1,5-diene; sulfos = -O3S(C6H4)CH2C(CH2PPh2)3) supported on silica gel, demonstrates heterogeneous catalytic conversion resulting in large spin polarizations. These experiments serve as a direct verification of the mechanism of heterogeneous hydrogenation reactions involving immobilized metal complexes and can be potentially developed into a practical tool for producing catalyst-free fluids with highly polarized nuclear spins for a broad range of hyperpolarized NMR and MRI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, 3A Institutskaya Street, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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40
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Fetouaki R, Seifert A, Bogza M, Oeser T, Blümel J. Synthesis, immobilization, and solid-state NMR of new phosphine linkers with long alkyl chains. Inorganica Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2006.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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41
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Bogza M, Oeser T, Blümel J. Synthesis, structure, immobilization and solid-state NMR of new dppp- and tripod-type chelate linkers. J Organomet Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Piestert F, Fetouaki R, Bogza M, Oeser T, Blümel J. Easy one-pot synthesis of new dppm-type linkers for immobilizations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:1481-3. [PMID: 15756343 DOI: 10.1039/b413642j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New synthetic routes to symmetric and unsymmetric dppm-type chelate linkers containing the ethoxysilane group are described and the compounds were characterized also by solid-state NMR spectroscopy and X-ray structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Piestert
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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44
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Sommer J, Yang Y, Rambow D, Blümel J. Immobilization of Phosphines on Silica: Identification of Byproducts via 31P CP/MAS Studies of Model Alkyl-, Aryl-, and Ethoxyphosphonium Salts. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:7561-3. [PMID: 15554612 DOI: 10.1021/ic049065j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immobilizing bifunctional phosphines with ethoxysilane groups on silica often leads predominantly, and sometimes quantitatively, to P(V) side products that occupy space on the surface but cannot bind metal complexes. Although this side reaction is well-known, and dreaded because it leads to leaching of adsorbed catalysts that are not bound covalently, the exact nature of the surface-bound side product was not yet known. With the help of polycrystalline model compounds of the types [R3PEt]+X- and [R3POEt]+X- (R=alkyl, aryl; X=Cl-, Br-, I-, BF4-) and their solid-state NMR characteristics [delta(31P), CSA], it is demonstrated that the side product is an ethylphosphonium salt bound to the surface by a siloxide anion, [R3PEt]+[Si-O]-.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sommer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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45
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Peng Q, Yang Y, Yuan Y. Immobilization of rhodium complexes ligated with triphenyphosphine analogs on amino-functionalized MCM-41 and MCM-48 for 1-hexene hydroformylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2004.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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46
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Rhodium phosphine complexes immobilized on silica as active catalysts for 1-hexene hydroformylation and arene hydrogenation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2003.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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47
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Kramer J, Nöllen E, Buijs W, Driessen WL, Reedijk J. Investigations into the recovery of Wilkinson’s catalyst with silica-immobilised P-donor ligands. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2003.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Årstad E, Barrett AG, Tedeschi L. ROMPgel-supported tris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) chloride: a selective hydrogenation catalyst for parallel synthesis. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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49
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Duchateau R. Incompletely condensed silsesquioxanes: versatile tools in developing silica-supported olefin polymerization catalysts. Chem Rev 2002; 102:3525-42. [PMID: 12371892 DOI: 10.1021/cr010386b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robbert Duchateau
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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50
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Lu ZL, Lindner E, Mayer HA. Applications of sol-gel-processed interphase catalysts. Chem Rev 2002; 102:3543-78. [PMID: 12371893 DOI: 10.1021/cr010358t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Lin Lu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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