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Pascual A, Wielenga JM, Ruhe K, van Kaam AH, Denswil NP, Maaskant JM. The fundamentals of a parental peer-to-peer support program in the NICU: a scoping review. Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol 2024; 10:19. [PMID: 39354584 PMCID: PMC11445949 DOI: 10.1186/s40748-024-00190-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND Parental peer support is part of the Family Integrated Care model in NICUs. However, little attention has been devoted to the specific content and organization of parental peer support programs. This scoping review aimed to identify (1) the preferred content of a parental peer support intervention, (2) the organizational processes, and (3) the suggested educational curriculum for peer support providers within existing programs in neonatal care. DISCUSSION Parental peer support programs have the goal to provide emotional support, information and assistance, and are to empower parents in the NICU. To achieve these goals, veteran parents receive training in communication skills, roles and boundaries, mental health, (non)medical aspects in the NICU and post-discharge preparation. Data on the organizational components remain limited. Hence, the question remains how the organization of a parental peer support program, and the training and supervision of veteran parents should be managed. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE This scoping review provides a variety of aspects that should be considered when developing and implementing a parental peer support program in the NICU. Program development preferably involves NICU staff at an early stage. Future research should focus on the support of diverse populations in terms of culture, social economic status and gender, and on the effects of parental peer support on parent and infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pascual
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - J M Wielenga
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - K Ruhe
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - A H van Kaam
- Department of Neonatology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N P Denswil
- Medical Library, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J M Maaskant
- Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Giving parents support: a randomized trial of peer support for parents after NICU discharge. J Perinatol 2022; 42:730-737. [PMID: 35260824 PMCID: PMC9184279 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-022-01341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer support during inpatient hospitalization has been recommended for NICU parents and can improve maternal mental health. Less is known about the impact of peer support after NICU discharge on parental mental health and infant healthcare utilization. METHODS Three hundred families of infants approaching discharge from a Level IV NICU were randomized to receive a care notebook (control) or care notebook plus peer support for 12 months (intervention). Participants reported on measures of stress, depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, and infant healthcare utilization. Analysis compared outcomes between control and treatment groups. RESULTS Parental depression, anxiety, stress, and self-efficacy improved significantly for all participants, yet there were no differences between control and intervention groups. Infant ED visits, hospitalizations, immunization status, and developmental status at 12 months did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Peer support after NICU discharge did not improve self-reported parental mental health measures or infant healthcare utilization. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02643472.
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Wood AC, Blissett JM, Brunstrom JM, Carnell S, Faith MS, Fisher JO, Hayman LL, Khalsa AS, Hughes SO, Miller AL, Momin SR, Welsh JA, Woo JG, Haycraft E. Caregiver Influences on Eating Behaviors in Young Children: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014520. [PMID: 32389066 PMCID: PMC7660848 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A substantial body of research suggests that efforts to prevent pediatric obesity may benefit from targeting not just what a child eats, but how they eat. Specifically, child obesity prevention should include a component that addresses reasons why children have differing abilities to start and stop eating in response to internal cues of hunger and satiety, a construct known as eating self‐regulation. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding how caregivers can be an important influence on children's eating self‐regulation during early childhood. First, we discuss the evidence supporting an association between caregiver feeding and child eating self‐regulation. Second, we discuss what implications the current evidence has for actions caregivers may be able to take to support children's eating self‐regulation. Finally, we consider the broader social, economic, and cultural context around the feeding environment relationship and how this intersects with the implementation of any actions. As far as we are aware, this is the first American Heart Association (AHA) scientific statement to focus on a psychobehavioral approach to reducing obesity risk in young children. It is anticipated that the timely information provided in this review can be used not only by caregivers within the immediate and extended family but also by a broad range of community‐based care providers.
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Hunt H, Abbott R, Boddy K, Whear R, Wakely L, Bethel A, Morris C, Prosser S, Collinson A, Kurinczuk J, Thompson-Coon J. “They’ve walked the walk”: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence for parent-to-parent support for parents of babies in neonatal care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnn.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Thomson G, Balaam MC. International insights into peer support in a neonatal context: A mixed-methods study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219743. [PMID: 31365559 PMCID: PMC6668779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peer support is a widely used intervention that offers information and emotional support to parents during their infant's admission to the neonatal unit and/or post-discharge. Despite its widespread use, there are no comprehensive insights into the nature and types of neonatal-related peer support, or the training and support offered to peer supporters. We aimed to bridge these knowledge gaps via an international study into neonatal peer support provision. A mixed-methods study comprising an online survey was issued to peer support services/organisations, and follow-up interviews held with a purposive sample of survey respondents. Survey/interview questions explored the funding, types of peer support and the recruitment, training and support for peer supporters. Descriptive and thematic analysis was undertaken. Thirty-one managers/coordinators/trainers and 77 peer supporters completed the survey from 48 peer support organisations/services in 16 different countries; with 26 interviews undertaken with 27 survey respondents. We integrated survey and interview findings into five themes: 'background and infrastructure of peer support services', 'timing, location and nature of peer support', 'recruitment and suitability of peer supporters', 'training provision' and 'professional and emotional support'. Findings highlight variations in the types of peer support provided, training and development opportunities, supervisory and mentoring arrangements and the methods of recruitment and support for peer supporters; with these differences largely related to the size, funding, multidisciplinary involvement, and level of integration of peer support within healthcare pathways and contexts. Despite challenges, promising strategies were reported across the different services to inform macro (e.g. to facilitate management and leadership support), meso (e.g. to help embed peer support in practice) and micro (e.g. to improve training, supervision and support of peer supporters) recommendations to underpin the operationalisation and delivery of PS provision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill Thomson
- Maternal and Infant Nutrition & Nurture (MAINN), School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Marie-Clare Balaam
- ReaCH, School of Community Health and Midwifery, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Within the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), parent engagement and empowerment are of critical importance, particularly when infants are at risk of developing severe complications, such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Stakeholders within the NICU, including the fragile patients, families, clinicians, staff, and administration, benefit when parents are a valued member of their baby's care team. The 2017 NEC Symposium explored the experiences of families whose infants were impacted by NEC, the barriers to effective partnership, and promising solutions. Parents want to participate in their baby's care, and crave honest, timely, comprehensive information regarding their baby's health and potential outcomes. Clinicians and staff should implement a specific set of Family-Centered Care policies and practices within the NICU to foster a culture of collaboration with parents of premature and fragile infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Umberger
- NEC Society, 7647 North Fresno St, P.O. Box 28912, Fresno, California 93729-8912
| | - Jennifer Canvasser
- NEC Society, 7647 North Fresno St, P.O. Box 28912, Fresno, California 93729-8912.
| | - Sue L Hall
- St. John's Regional Medical Center, Oxnard, California
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Hoy EA, Bill JM, Sykes DH. Very Low Birthweight: A Long-term Developmental Impairment? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/016502548801100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Research with very low birthweight (VLBW) infants (≤isoog) may be broadly categorised into product and process studies. Recent product-oriented outcome studies are reviewed from the perspective of whether VLBW infants born since 1975 (when intensive care methods became relatively stabilised in effectiveness) show behavioural problems, intellectual impairment, linguistic or social deficits. Process studies examining cognitive, social and contextual variables, differentiating VLBW and normal birthweight infants, and thought to compromise long-term outcome are then discussed. It is argued, in the light of the conflicting evidence, that future studies need to: (1) exert greater control over the medical and psychological variables confounded with low birthweight, including the variable of social class; (2) study outcome from a life-span perspective, examining the possibility of an intergenerational cycle for at least some families; and; (3) incorporate both systems-oriented and transactional models into their designs, for the purpose not only of predicting outcome, but also ultimately for providing the most appropriate types of support for these infants.
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Hall SL, Ryan DJ, Beatty J, Grubbs L. Recommendations for peer-to-peer support for NICU parents. J Perinatol 2015; 35 Suppl 1:S9-13. [PMID: 26597805 PMCID: PMC4694192 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2015.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peer-to-peer support provided by 'veteran' neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) parents to those with current NICU babies is a legitimate and unique form of support that can complement or supplement, but not replace, services provided by professional NICU staff. Peer support can be delivered through hospital- or community-based programs that offer one-to-one in-person or telephone matches, or support groups that meet in-person or via the Internet. Issues in program development, volunteer training and program operation are discussed. Recommendations for offering peer support to all NICU parents as an integral component of family-centered care and comprehensive family support are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Hall
- Division of Neonatology, St John's Regional Medical Center, Oxnard, CA, USA
| | - D J Ryan
- School of Nursing, Elmira College, Elmira, NY, USA
| | - J Beatty
- Program Director, Hand to Hold, Austin, TX, USA
| | - L Grubbs
- Founder and President, NICU Helping Hands, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Ishizaki Y, Nagahama T, Kaneko K. Mental health of mothers and their premature infants for the prevention of child abuse and maltreatment. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.53a081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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O father, where art thou? Parental NICU visiting patterns during the first 28 days of life of very low-birth-weight infants. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2011; 25:342-8. [PMID: 22071618 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0b013e318233b8c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To study the frequency and duration of parental visits to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) during the first 28 days of life of preterm infants in relation to medical variables, sociodemographic factors, and subsequent outpatient follow-up examinations. Retrospective chart review of 127 infants with a birth weight less than 1500 g born between Jan 1, 2009, and Dec 31, 2009, at 2 tertiary NICUs. The average frequency of parental visits during the first 28 days of life declined significantly over time (P < .05) while the duration of visits remained constant. Average frequency and duration of visits per day were consistently lower in fathers than in mothers (median [interquartile range]: 0.6 [0.4-1.0] per day vs 1.1 [0.9-1.4] per day, 72.5 [32.1-108.9 [min/d vs 133.4 [75.4-174.3] min/d). While a history of treatment for infertility was correlated with significantly more frequent and longer parental NICU visits in the first 2 weeks, having older children at home was correlated with shorter visits during the first week. Visiting patterns showed no relation to attendance at follow-up examinations at 6 months corrected age. Mothers spend more time with their preterm infants in NICUs than fathers. We suggest measures to increase paternal involvement with hospitalized preterm infants.
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The Effectiveness of Early Intervention With Handicapped and Medically At-Risk Infants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1300/j274v17n01_04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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REFERENCES. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-5834.1992.tb00350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Preyde M. Mothers of very preterm infants:perspectives on their situation and a culturally sensitive intervention. SOCIAL WORK IN HEALTH CARE 2007; 44:65-83. [PMID: 17804342 DOI: 10.1300/j010v44n04_05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study was part of a larger study in which an individual, peer-support intervention for mothers of very preterm infants was evaluated. In the present study, ratings by mothers who received the culturally sensitive intervention were compared with ratings from a control group on their experience of the preterm birth, and the quality of their social support. Additionally, mothers who received the intervention also rated their comfort with social interactions in general, and with their support giver, as well as the qualities (e.g., supportive, friendly) of the support giver. The intervention was delivered in a metropolitan city in Canada with a considerably diverse population, for example, 41% spoke a mother tongue other than one of the two official languages (English and French) and 37% were a visible minority. Mothers with a preterm infant in the neonatal intensive care unit who agreed to participate were matched on language, culture, ethnicity, and characteristics of their infant to a volunteer, trained support giver with experience of preterm birth. Results indicated that the intervention helped mothers to feel more confident in their parenting, understand the medical condition of their infants, and experience greater quality of their listening support than control mothers. Intervention mothers also reported comfort interacting with people in general, and especially with the support giver. This study confirms and extends social support theory: Generic social support may be beneficial for caregivers of ill patients; however, specialized support appears to be particularly important for mothers of very preterm infants. Implications for clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Preyde
- University of Guelph, Social Work in Health Care, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Hurst I. One size does not fit all: parents' evaluations of a support program in a newborn intensive care nursery. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2006; 20:252-61. [PMID: 16915059 DOI: 10.1097/00005237-200607000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED As intensive care nursery personnel increasingly seek to provide comprehensive care to families, there is a renewed emphasis on offering family support programs. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify parents' utilization and evaluation of a support program based in a newborn intensive care unit (NICU) that offered a combination of formats for support services: group support, one-to-one support, and telephone support. METHODS Program records and a survey developed by the author documented parental use and evaluation of services. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis of demographic data, survey results, and parental comments. RESULTS Of the total 477 participants, 78% utilized 1 support service format exclusively. Eighteen percent utilized 2 support formats concurrently. A subsample of 48 parents completed an evaluation survey. Continuity of care was a critical component of the program overall. Group support offered more opportunities for families to problem-solve communication issues with nursery personnel and provide information that assisted parents' involvement in their babies' care. CONCLUSIONS Parent support programs that utilize only one type of format may not be optimal for providing the range of support needed by many NICU families. Parent support programs offer an important mechanism to assess provider approaches to facilitate family-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Hurst
- Department of Nursing, College of Health and Social Services, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, 88003, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Marlow
- School of Human Development, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH.
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Gardner JM, Walker SP, Powell CA, Grantham-McGregor S. A randomized controlled trial of a home-visiting intervention on cognition and behavior in term low birth weight infants. J Pediatr 2003; 143:634-9. [PMID: 14615736 DOI: 10.1067/s0022-3476(03)00455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether early psychosocial intervention with low birth weight term (LBW-T) infants improved cognition and behavior and to compare LBW-T with normal birth weight (NBW) infants. STUDY DESIGN A randomized controlled trial was carried out in Kingston, Jamaica, with 140 LBW-T infants (weight<2500 g). The intervention comprised weekly home visits by paraprofessionals for the first 8 weeks of life aimed at improving maternal-child interaction. LBW-T and 94 matched NBW (weight 2500 to 4000 g) infants were recruited from the main maternity hospital. Main outcome measures were problem solving (2 means-end tests: cover and support) and 4 behavior ratings at 7 months. Analyses used were the t test for intervention effects and multiple regression to compare LBW and NBW infants. RESULTS LBW-T intervened infants had higher scores than LBW-T control infants on the cover test (P<.05) and were more cooperative (P<.01) and happy (P<.05). LBW-T control infants had poorer scores on both the cover (P<.001) and support tests (P<.01), vocalized less (P<.02), and were less cooperative (P<.001), happy (P<.02), and active (P<.02) than NBW infants. LBW-T intervened infants had lower scores than NBW infants only on the support test (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Early low-cost intervention can improve cognition and behavior of LBW-T infants in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Meeks Gardner
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica.
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MacLeod J, Nelson G. Programs for the promotion of family wellness and the prevention of child maltreatment: a meta-analytic review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2000; 24:1127-49. [PMID: 11057701 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2134(00)00178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives were to determine the effectiveness of programs in promoting family wellness and preventing child maltreatment and to identify factors that moderate program success. METHOD Meta-analysis, employing a 3-step model testing procedure, was used to review 56 programs designed to promote family wellness and prevent child maltreatment. RESULTS The effect sizes for proactive interventions were larger at follow-up than at post-assessment, while the effect sizes for reactive interventions were higher at post-assessment than follow-up. The lowest effect sizes for home visitation programs on child maltreatment were for programs with 12 or fewer visits and less than a 6-month duration. Intensive family preservation programs with high levels of participant involvement, an empowerment/strengths-based approach, and a component of social support had higher effect sizes than programs without those elements. Also, both home visitation and intensive family preservation interventions achieved higher effect sizes with participants of mixed socioeconomic status (SES) than participants with low SES. CONCLUSIONS The total mean weighted effect size was .41, indicating that outcomes for the intervention group exceed 66% of those in control/comparison groups. The findings from this review demonstrated that child maltreatment can be prevented and that family wellness can be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J MacLeod
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Boukydis CFZ. Support Services and Peer Support for Parents of At-Risk Infants: An International Perspective. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2000. [DOI: 10.1207/s15326888chc2902_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Prilleltensky I, Nelson G. Promoting child and family wellness: priorities for psychological and social interventions. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1298(200003/04)10:2<85::aid-casp538>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Low-birth-weight (LBW) premature infants are at increased risk for abnormal development. It is unclear whether intervention programs designed to prevent the disabilities in preterm children are efficacious. This paper reviews the settings in which interventions take place (e.g. nursery, home) and to whom they are directed (e.g. infant, parent). One intervention program, the Infant Health and Development Program (IHDP) is reviewed in detail. The IHDP was a multisite randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of combining developmental and support services along with paediatric follow-up to reduce the developmental problems seen among LBW preterm infants. Results from all studies suggest that preventive developmental interventions for LBW, premature infants have thus far demonstrated only modest success. Future research endeavours should investigate the type, duration, critical age onset, and intensity of the intervention as well as which subgroups of LBW infants most benefit from such programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M McCarton
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Gennaro S. FAMILY RESPONSE TO THE LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT. Nurs Clin North Am 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0029-6465(22)00145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Roman LA, Lindsay JK, Boger RP, DeWys M, Beaumont EJ, Jones AS, Haas B. Parent-to-parent support initiated in the neonatal intensive care unit. Res Nurs Health 1995; 18:385-94. [PMID: 7676072 DOI: 10.1002/nur.4770180504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A preliminary quasi-experimental, longitudinal study was conducted to explore differences in maternal mood states, self-esteem, family functioning, maternal-infant interaction, and home environment between mothers of preterm infants who participated in a nurse-managed program of parent-to-parent support and those who served as a comparison group. Mothers who participated in the intervention scored significantly higher on the Barnard NCATS interaction measure and the HOME total scale and subscales of maternal responsiveness and organization (N = 58) at 12 months following discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit. Using repeated measures analysis for a subset of mothers (n = 32), there were significant differences between the two groups on the mood state anxiety-tension (POMS) during the first 4 months postdischarge, with the treatment group having less anxiety. There was also a group by time interaction effect on self-esteem during the first 4 months, with self-esteem of the treatment group mothers increasing and comparison mothers decreasing. Findings suggest that one-to-one veteran parent support, in a nurse-managed program, may influence maternal and maternal-infant interaction outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Roman
- College of Nursing, Michigan State University, USA
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McCarton CM, Wallace IF, Bennett FC. Preventive interventions with low birth weight premature infants: an evaluation of their success. Semin Perinatol 1995; 19:330-40. [PMID: 8560300 DOI: 10.1016/s0146-0005(05)80049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The outcome literature on low birthweight (LBW) premature children indicates that they are at risk for a variety of neurodevelopmental impairments throughout childhood. To prevent such disabilities, numerous interventions have been initiated with LBW children. Nineteen intervention programs designed for LBW preterms that have published study results dating from 1971 are reviewed. Included are interventions in the neonatal nursery, at home, and at centers as well as interventions that are both child-focused and parent-focused. One randomized clinical trial evaluating comprehensive intervention services, the Infant Health and Development Program, is described in detail. Conclusions from the studies reviewed indicate that intervention programs have had only modest success in altering neurodevelopmental outcomes, although parent-child interaction has often been facilitated. Future research on the effects of preventive intervention needs to examine long-term developmental competencies and to replicate positive findings in multiple settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M McCarton
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Flynn LL, McCollum J. Support for rural families of hospitalized infants: the parents' perspective. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 1993; 22:19-37. [PMID: 10125239 DOI: 10.1207/s15326888chc2201_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The provision of family-centered care in the hospital arena has become a national commitment. Recognizing and supporting the family's role means evaluating whether attitudes, policies, and practices address the immediate and the long-term needs of the total family rather than just the current needs of the child. Results of a study to determine parents' perceptions of supportive services available in the hospital immediately following the birth of their child with special health care needs are reported. In-depth interviews with mothers living in rural areas were conducted. Mothers emphasized the importance of access to their child; the need for timely, honest, straightforward information about their child's condition and progress; the intense emotional reaction to the intensive care environment; and the importance of an early link to community-based early intervention services. Overall, parents conveyed the importance of recognizing the family as an integral part of the child. Implications and recommendations for family-centered services are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Flynn
- University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262
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Spiker D, Ferguson J, Brooks-Gunn J. Enhancing maternal interactive behavior and child social competence in low birth weight, premature infants. Child Dev 1993; 64:754-68. [PMID: 8339693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb02941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Effects of a comprehensive early intervention program for low birth weight, premature infants--the Infant Health and Development Program--on mother-child interaction were examined at 30 months (N = 683). Small significant positive effects were found: Intervention mothers had higher ratings on quality of assistance; intervention children had higher ratings on persistence and enthusiasm and on an overall child rating of competence and involvement and lower ratings on percentage of time off-task; intervention dyads were rated as more synchronous. Of a set of initial status variables indexing biological and environmental risk, only 2 treatment interactions were found. Intervention group black children had higher ratings on enthusiasm and lower percentage of time off-task. Independent of treatment, maternal ethnicity and education were significant predictors of maternal and dyadic ratings, while ethnicity and birth weight predicted child ratings. Implications for early intervention and center-based care are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Spiker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, CA 94305-2135
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26
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Fleming AS, Klein E, Corter C. The effects of a social support group on depression, maternal attitudes and behavior in new mothers. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1992; 33:685-98. [PMID: 1601943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00905.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of a postpartum Social Support Group intervention on mood state, attitudes and behavior of new mothers. Intervention conditions consisted of an eight session Social Support intervention (n = 44), a no intervention condition (n = 83) and a Group-by-Mail intervention (n = 15). Attitudinal and behavioral assessments were made before and after the interventions at 6 and 20 weeks postpartum, respectively. The primary results indicate that regardless of intervention condition mothers undergo an improvement in mood from 2 weeks to 5 months postpartum. Although the Social Support intervention did not alleviate maternal depression and, in fact, may be detrimental to depressed mothers' self-confidence, it did increase mothers' proximal attention to their infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Fleming
- Department of Psychology, Erindale College, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Mor-Barak ME, Miller LS. A longitudinal study of the causal relationship between social networks and health of the poor frail elderly. J Appl Gerontol 1991; 10:293-310. [PMID: 10113726 DOI: 10.1177/073346489101000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Research over the past two decades has documented a positive relationship between social support and health. The causal interpretation of these associations has, however, been unclear. This study aims at filling the gap in our understanding of this causal link with respect to the frail poor elderly. The main questions addressed are, Does lack of social ties affect the elderly's health? or are unhealthy people less likely to establish and maintain social ties? We employed a time-series panel design to overcome problems of causal explanations and examine social networks and health in a sample of 3,559 poor frail elderly, participants of the California Multipurpose Senior Services Project. The results indicate that social networks have a positive effect on health (though only in the short run). However, neither the subjective nor the objective health measures have a significant effect on social networks. Implications for intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Mor-Barak
- School of Social Welfare, University of Southern California
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wolke
- University of London Institute of Child Health
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29
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Achenbach TM, Phares V, Howell CT, Rauh VA, Nurcombe B. Seven-Year Outcome of the Vermont Intervention Program for Low-Birthweight Infants. Child Dev 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb03558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Maternal Responsiveness in Humans: Emotional, Cognitive, and Biological Factors. ADVANCES IN THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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32
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Weingarten CT, Baker K, Manning W, Kutzner SK. Married mothers' perceptions of their premature or term infants and the quality of their relationships with their husbands. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1990; 19:64-73. [PMID: 2299439 DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.1990.tb02526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-eight mothers of premature infants and 37 mothers of term infants were examined for their perceptions of their infants and of their relationships with their husbands at two to four postpartum days and at six to eight postpartum weeks. The mothers tended to perceive their infants positively, whether or not the infants were born prematurely. Preterm mothers who compared their infants to an average premature infant were more positive than term mothers who compared their infants to an average term infant. An association was not found in either group between mothers' perceptions of their infants and of the quality of their relationships with their husbands. However, mothers with negative perceptions of their infants also tended to have difficult marriages.
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33
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Brown LP, Brooten D, Kumar S, Butts P, Finkler S, Bakewell-Sachs S, Gibbons A, Delivoria-Papadapoulos M. A sociodemographic profile of families of low birthweight infants. West J Nurs Res 1989; 11:520-8; discussion 529-32. [PMID: 2815721 DOI: 10.1177/019394598901100502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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A neonatal preventive intervention study: Issues of recruitment and retention. J Prim Prev 1989; 9:164-76. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01325210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
As the survival rate for premature infants increases, studies examining the interaction of parents with their premature infants have begun to appear in the literature. This review of the research can guide nurses in a variety of settings in clinical intervention strategies with these families.
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36
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Basch CE. Focus group interview: an underutilized research technique for improving theory and practice in health education. HEALTH EDUCATION QUARTERLY 1987; 14:411-48. [PMID: 3319971 DOI: 10.1177/109019818701400404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to increase awareness about and stimulate interest in using focus group interviews, a qualitative research technique, to advance the state-of-the-art of education and learning about health. After a brief discussion of small group process in health education, features of focus group interviews are presented, and a theoretical framework for planning a focus group study is summarized. Then, literature describing traditional and health-related applications of focus group interviews is reviewed and a synthesis of methodological limitations and advantages of this technique is presented. Implications are discussed regarding: need for more inductive qualitative research in health education; utility of focus group interviews for research and for formative and summative evaluation of health education programs; applicability of marketing research to understanding and influencing consumer behavior, despite notable distinctions between educational initiatives and marketing; and need for professional preparation faculty to consider increasing emphasis on qualitative research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Basch
- Department of Health Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY
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38
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Wilson AL, Munson DP, Koel D, Hitterdahl M. Mothers and their children look at baby pictures: the NICU experience in retrospect. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1987; 26:576-80. [PMID: 3665329 DOI: 10.1177/000992288702601104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photographs of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) patients are frequently given to parents to promote bonding, but little attention has been paid to how families respond years later to viewing these special baby pictures. This study examines how 71 mothers of 3 to 7-year-old developmentally normal (DQ greater than or equal to 80) children who weighed less than 1,500 g at birth describe this experience. Compared to a group of mothers whose children were full term at birth, the NICU mothers described personally feeling and perceiving their children as more fearful (p less than .05), inquisitive (p less than .0001), worried (p less than .01), thoughtful (p less than .0001), and tearful (p less than .05). The responses of NICU mothers were significantly more highly correlated with their perceptions of their children's responses than were the mother-child correlations observed in a comparison group. The NICU children were reported by their mothers to ask about the NICU equipment, pain, being alone, their physical scars, and if their being "bad" caused their need for intensive neonatal care. Recommendations are provided on how pediatric care providers can assist NICU parents anticipate questions and respond to their children's concerns as they view these potentially distressing photographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls 57105
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Lowenthal B. Stress Factors and their Alleviation in Parents of High Risk Pre‐term Infants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1080/0156655870340103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
We have attempted to review developmental intervention for pediatricians in a way that is of clinical relevance to primary care pediatricians. In so doing, we chose not to evaluate certain topics such as therapeutic intervention for handicapped children or center-based educational programs because these have been adequately addressed elsewhere. It is clear that pediatricians have a unique and important role to play in developmental intervention for the following reasons: pediatricians have easy and routinely accepted access to infants and families in the prenatal, perinatal, and preschool periods: pediatricians possess a socially accepted role of authority; and pediatricians can integrate understanding of the child's health and developmental status within the context of the family and social environment to make clinical interpretation regarding the child's developmental status and prognosis. Pediatricians are thus in the best position to convince parents of their impact on their child's development. The following general roles have been identified for pediatricians. First, pediatricians should be aware of the child's biologic status and family environmental situation and the relative degree of risk for developmental problems. This clinical awareness, in combination with the use of appropriate screening instruments of the child's development and family environment, will allow clinical judgment regarding the frequency and type of child health supervision, the need for further diagnostic evaluation, and the need for referral to intervention programs and other resources. Second, the pediatrician should develop an approach for developmental intervention for all children, whatever their degree of biological risk. This review of medical, educational, and psychological literature demonstrate the following recurring important themes as goals for primary intervention: Improve parental understanding of normal child development and developmental expectations. Assist parent's understanding of the individual developmental characteristics and temperamental style of their child. Promote parental sensitivity to the social nature of infant behaviors. Encourage parent responsiveness to the social behaviors. Improve parental feelings of confidence and competence to affect their child's development. Pediatricians can be influential in supporting structural changes that can have beneficial effects on children's development. Support of humanization of obstetric and nursery practices, and the increased use of child health supervision to parents in groups are examples of such efforts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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LaRoche C. Prevention in high risk children of depressed parents. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 1986; 31:161-5. [PMID: 3754482 DOI: 10.1177/070674378603100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Opportunities for prevention of psychopathology in children and families are often overlooked in the treatment of the depressed adult patient. Research and clinical findings are reviewed which highlight the impact on children and the family of depressed parents. They range from illness serious enough to require hospitalization to cases in which depression has not yet been diagnosed. These findings are used as guidelines for the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions for all family members.
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Affleck G, Tennen H, Allen DA, Gershman K. Perceived social support and maternal adaptation during the transition from hospital to home care of high-risk infants. Infant Ment Health J 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/1097-0355(198621)7:1<6::aid-imhj2280070103>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Schradle SB, Dougher MJ. Social support as a mediator of stress: Theoretical and empirical issues. Clin Psychol Rev 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0272-7358(85)90039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
The literature regarding the birth of a premature infant strongly suggests that it is a crisis-producing event for the parents of such infants. It also suggests that premature infants are poorly parented more frequently than infants born after a normal gestation. The crisis of premature birth and its effect on parent-infant interaction using a systems model of crisis theory is described. Specific intervention strategies that can be used within the neonatal intensive care unit to ameliorate the potentially detrimental effects of the crisis of premature birth on parent-infant interaction are outlined.
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Nurcombe B, Howell DC, Rauh VA, Teti DM, Ruoff P, Brennan J. An intervention program for mothers of low-birthweight infants: preliminary results. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD PSYCHIATRY 1984; 23:319-25. [PMID: 6736497 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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50
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Minde K, Whitelaw A, Brown J, Fitzhardinge P. Effect of neonatal complications in premature infants on early parent-infant interactions. Dev Med Child Neurol 1983; 25:763-77. [PMID: 6653909 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1983.tb13845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A total of 184 infants in a neonatal intensive care unit with birthweights less than 1501 g were rated daily on a Morbidity Scale covering the 20 most common diseases and pathophysiological states in neonatology, the severity of each condition being rated on a scale of 0 to 3. To measure the impact of various degrees of complications on parental caretaking style, 20 infants with serious medical complications were paired with 20 infants who had a comparatively easy medical course. Both groups were observed during maternal visits to the hospital and again during a feeding three months after discharge home. Sick infants showed significantly less motor movements when ill but after recovery were similar to well infants of the same age. Parents visiting sick infants interacted far less with their infants than did parents of well babies, and this continued after recovery. It also persisted at home two months after the expected date of delivery. In addition, mothers whose infants had been seriously ill for less than 17 days interacted with them significantly more than mothers whose babies had been ill for over 35 days. While maternal background variables predicted the level of maternal activity with the comparatively well infants and those with short illnesses, they did not do so in the group of infants with long illnesses.
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