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Rodriguez AB, Kripfgans OD, Kozloff KM, Samal A, Woo JM, Shehabeldin M, Chan HL. Ultrasound-based jawbone surface quality evaluation after alveolar ridge preservation. J Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 38742564 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone readiness for implant placement is typically evaluated by bone quality/density on 2-dimensional radiographs and cone beam computed tomography at an arbitrary time between 3 and 6 months after tooth extraction and alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). The aim of this study is to investigate if high-frequency ultrasound (US) can classify bone readiness in humans, using micro-CT as a reference standard to obtain bone mineral density (BMD) and bone volume fraction (BVTV) of healed sockets receiving ARP in humans. METHODS A total of 27 bone cores were harvested during the implant surgery from 24 patients who received prior extraction with ARP. US images were taken immediately before the implant surgery at a site co-registered with the tissue biopsy collection location, made possible with a specially designed guide, and then classified into 3 tiers using B-mode image criteria (1) favorable, (2) questionable, and (3) unfavorable. Bone mineral density (hydroxyapatite) and BVTV were obtained from micro-CT as the gold standard. RESULTS Hydroxyapatite and BVTV were evaluated within the projected US slice plane and thresholded to favorable (>2200 mg/cm3; >0.45 mm3/mm3), questionable (1500-2200 mg/cm3; 0.4-0.45 mm3/mm3), and unfavorable (<1500 mg/cm3; <0.4 mm3/mm3). The present US B-mode classification inversely scales with BMD. Regression analysis showed a significant relation between US classification and BMD as well as BVTV. T-test analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between US reader scores and the gold standard. When comparing Tier 1 with the combination of Tier 2 and 3, US achieved a significant group differentiation relative to mean BMD (p = 0.004, true positive 66.7%, false positive 0%, true negative 100%, false negative 33.3%, specificity 100%, sensitivity 66.7%, receiver operating characteristics area under the curve 0.86). Similar results were found between US-derived tiers and BVTV. CONCLUSION Preliminary data suggest US could classify jawbone surface quality that correlates with BMD/BVTV and serve as the basis for future development of US-based socket healing evaluation after ARP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Rodriguez
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Oliver D Kripfgans
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenneth M Kozloff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ankita Samal
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jae-Man Woo
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mostafa Shehabeldin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hsun-Liang Chan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Rodriguez Betancourt A, Samal A, Chan HL, Kripfgans OD. Overview of Ultrasound in Dentistry for Advancing Research Methodology and Patient Care Quality with Emphasis on Periodontal/Peri-implant Applications. Z Med Phys 2023; 33:336-386. [PMID: 36922293 PMCID: PMC10517409 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound is a non-invasive, cross-sectional imaging technique emerging in dentistry. It is an adjunct tool for diagnosing pathologies in the oral cavity that overcomes some limitations of current methodologies, including direct clinical examination, 2D radiographs, and cone beam computerized tomography. Increasing demand for soft tissue imaging has led to continuous improvements on transducer miniaturization and spatial resolution. The aims of this study are (1) to create a comprehensive overview of the current literature of ultrasonic imaging relating to dentistry, and (2) to provide a view onto investigations with immediate, intermediate, and long-term impact in periodontology and implantology. METHODS A rapid literature review was performed using two broad searches conducted in the PubMed database, yielding 576 and 757 citations, respectively. A rating was established within a citation software (EndNote) using a 5-star classification. The broad search with 757 citations allowed for high sensitivity whereas the subsequent rating added specificity. RESULTS A critical review of the clinical applications of ultrasound in dentistry was provided with a focus on applications in periodontology and implantology. The role of ultrasound as a developing dental diagnostic tool was reviewed. Specific uses such as soft and hard tissue imaging, longitudinal monitoring, as well as anatomic and physiological evaluation were discussed. CONCLUSIONS Future efforts should be directed towards the transition of ultrasonography from a research tool to a clinical tool. Moreover, a dedicated effort is needed to introduce ultrasonic imaging to dental education and the dental community to ultimately improve the quality of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankita Samal
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hsun-Liang Chan
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Dental School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oliver D Kripfgans
- Department of Radiology, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kripfgans OD, Goli ND, Majzoub J, De Siqueira RAC, Soki F, Chan HL. Ultrasound insonation angle and scanning imaging modes for imaging dental implant structures: A benchtop study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270392. [PMID: 36445898 PMCID: PMC9707752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High frequency ultrasound has shown as a promising imaging modality to evaluate peri-implant tissues. It is not known if the ultrasound imaging settings might influence ultrasound's ability to differentiate implant structures. The aim of this benchtop study was to evaluate the dependence of ultrasound on imaging angles and modes to measure implant geometry-related parameters. METHODS A clinical ultrasound scanner (ZS3, Mindray) with an intraoral probe (L30-8) offering combinations of harmonic and compound imaging modes was employed for imaging 16 abutments and 4 implants. The samples were mounted to a micro-positioning system in a water tank, which allowed a range of -30 to 30-degree imaging angles in 5-degree increment between the probe and samples. The abutment angle, implant thread pitch and depth were measured on ultrasound, compared to the reference readings. The errors were computed as a function of the image angles and modes. All samples were replicated 3 times for 3 image modes and 11 image angles, thus resulting in 2,340 images. RESULTS The mean errors of ultrasound to estimate 16 abutment angles, compared to the reference values, were between -1.8 to 2.7 degrees. The root mean squared error (RMSE) ranged from 1.5 to 4.6 degrees. Ultrasound significantly overestimated the thread pitch by 26.1 μm to 36.2 μm. The error in thread depth measurements were in a range of -50.5 μm to 39.6 μm, respectively. The RMSE of thread pitch and depth of the tested 4 implants was in a range of 34.7 to 56.9 μm and 51.0 to 101.8 μm, respectively. In most samples, these errors were independent of the image angle and modes. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study, high-frequency ultrasound was feasible in imaging abutments and implant fixtures independent of scanning angle within ±30° of normal incidence and for compounding and non-compounding-based imaging modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D. Kripfgans
- Department of Radiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Nikhila Devi Goli
- Department of Periodontics and Oral, Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Jad Majzoub
- Department of Periodontics and Oral, Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | | | - Fabiana Soki
- Department of Periodontics and Oral, Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Hsun-Liang Chan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral, Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
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Lan Y, Huang X, Fan M, Yu H, Xie Z, Zhou Y. Accuracy evaluation of cone beam computed tomography applied to measure peri-implant bone thickness in living patients: an ex vivo and in vivo experiment. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6347-6359. [PMID: 35802190 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04590-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to study the accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for measuring peri-implant bone thickness in living patients via a novel visualization method (NVM). MATERIAL AND METHODS The validity of the NVM was verified ex vivo by measuring the same peri-implant bone thicknesses in bovine ribs by using raw postoperative CBCT (clinical measurement, CM), the visualized fused images obtained using the NVM (visualized fused measurement, VF), and hard tissue sections (gold standard measurement, GS). The NVM was applied by deconstructing the postoperative CBCT model into the Modelpost-bone and Modelimplant and replacing it with bone from preoperative CBCT and standard implant models, respectively. In vivo, 52 implants were included, and the VF of each implant was obtained using data processing methods similar to those used ex vivo. Then, we compared the results of CM and VF. RESULTS Ex vivo, the VF was similar to GS, while CM usually underestimated the peri-implant bone thickness, especially at the implant shoulder (P < 0.01). In vivo, on CBCT, areas with a peri-implant bone thickness of 0-0.50 mm were not visible, while those with a thickness of 0.50-1.00 mm were occasionally visible. There was less underestimation of bone along the implant long axis. CONCLUSIONS Thin peri-implant bones could be completely underestimated on CBCT. CBCT scans alone are insufficient to warrant surgical intervention. Our NVM facilitates the accurate visual assessment of implant dimensions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The thickness of peri-implant bone could be completely underestimated when thinner than 1.0 mm in living patients. Familiarity with these confusing CBCT results may help clinicians and patients avoid further unnecessary evaluation, misdiagnosis, and invasive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Lan
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Stomatology HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Stomatology HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Fan
- Hangzhou 6D Dental Technologies Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huazhen Yu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Xie
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Stomatology HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Stomatology HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, People's Republic of China.
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Dhondt R, Quirynen M, Tarce M, Teughels W, Temmerman A, Jacobs R. The accuracy of probing, ultrasound and cone-beam CT scans for determining the buccal bone plate dimensions around oral implants - A systematic review. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:754-767. [PMID: 35612409 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to assess the accuracy of available means of determining the BBT (buccal bone thickness) and/or BBL (buccal bone level). This was translated into the following research question: What is the accuracy of the available means of visualizing the BBP (buccal bone plate) to establish the BBT and/or the BBL, when compared to control measurements? As control measurements histomorphometric measurements, direct measurements and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) measurements in the absence of metal are accepted. BACKGROUND DATA METHODS: The literary search was performed by searching the databases of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science, up to July 13, 2021. Types of studies included were clinical, in vitro and animal trials, specifically looking into the bone level and/or bone thickness of the buccal bone plate at oral implants. Reference lists were hand searched for relevant articles. Two reviewers performed the data extraction and analysis. Only studies using reliable control measurements to evaluate the accuracy of the tested means of visualizing BBT and/or BBL were included for analysis. The QUADAS-2 tool was used to perform bias analysis on the relevant studies. Extracted data was tabulated to show the differences between test and control measurements for BBT and BBL. For in vitro studies on CBCT measurements of BBT meta-analysis could be performed. RESULTS A total of 1176 papers were identified in the search. Twenty-two articles were used for data extraction and qualitative analysis. Of these studies nine were animal studies, 9 were in vitro studies and four were human studies. Six animal studies and three human studies provided data on probing. CBCT and sonography as techniques for visualizing the buccal bone plate. Probing at implant sites seems to provide data that correlates with a consistent distance from the BBP. Meta-analysis for probing studies could not be performed due to heterogeneity in the setups of these studies. Eleven studies on CBCT were eligible for inclusion. Of these three were animal studies, the remaining 8 studies were all in vitro studies. Meta-analysis was performed on the accuracy of CBCT for in vitro studies, finding a significant underestimation of the BBT when compared to control measurements by a mean difference of -0.15 mm with 95%CI [-0.26,-0.03]. Three studies were identified on measurement of BBT and/or BBL by sonography. This included one human study and two in vitro studies. The identified studies show a low error when determining the buccal bone level or thickness using sonography. All included studies possess a high risk of bias according to risk of bias analysis, mostly due to selection of the patient. CONCLUSION A strong limitation of this systematic review is the inclusion of different studies with heterogeneous designs. Within the limits of this analysis it cannot be concluded that probing is an accurate way of visualizing the BBP. CBCT cannot yet be recommended as a standard diagnostic tool for follow-up of the BBP at oral implants. The application of sonography as a diagnostic tool to visualize the BBP needs further scientific validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutger Dhondt
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Quirynen
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mihai Tarce
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Teughels
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andy Temmerman
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Blanc-Sylvestre N, Bouchard P, Chaussain C, Bardet C. Pre-Clinical Models in Implant Dentistry: Past, Present, Future. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1538. [PMID: 34829765 PMCID: PMC8615291 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research seeks to generate experimental results for translation to clinical settings. In order to improve the transition from bench to bedside, researchers must draw justifiable conclusions based on data from an appropriate model. Animal testing, as a prerequisite to human clinical exposure, is performed in a range of species, from laboratory mice to larger animals (such as dogs or non-human primates). Minipigs appear to be the animal of choice for studying bone surgery around intraoral dental implants. Dog models, well-known in the field of dental implant research, tend now to be used for studies conducted under compromised oral conditions (biofilm). Regarding small animal models, research studies mostly use rodents, with interest in rabbit models declining. Mouse models remain a reference for genetic studies. On the other hand, over the last decade, scientific advances and government guidelines have led to the replacement, reduction, and refinement of the use of all animal models in dental implant research. In new development strategies, some in vivo experiments are being progressively replaced by in vitro or biomaterial approaches. In this review, we summarize the key information on the animal models currently available for dental implant research and highlight (i) the pros and cons of each type, (ii) new levels of decisional procedures regarding study objectives, and (iii) the outlook for animal research, discussing possible non-animal options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Blanc-Sylvestre
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP, Department of Periodontology, Rothschild Hospital, European Postgraduate in Periodontology and Implantology, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bouchard
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP, Department of Periodontology, Rothschild Hospital, European Postgraduate in Periodontology and Implantology, Université de Paris, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
- AP-HP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of the Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Dental Medicine Department, Bretonneau Hospital, GHN-Université de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Claire Bardet
- Université de Paris, Institut des Maladies Musculo-Squelettiques, Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Laboratory URP2496 and FHU-DDS-Net, Dental School, and Plateforme d’Imagerie du Vivant (PIV), 92120 Montrouge, France; (N.B.-S.); (P.B.); (C.C.)
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Orhan K, Serindere G, Belgin CA, Kurt MH. Evaluation of the visibility of peri-implant bone defects using ultrasonography with two types of probes. J Ultrason 2021; 21:e206-e212. [PMID: 34540274 PMCID: PMC8439129 DOI: 10.15557/jou.2021.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of intraoral and extraoral ultrasonography evaluations performed with two different types of probes (linear and “hockey stick”) for the visibility of peri-implant bone defects. Material and methods: Fourteen implants were inserted into sheep heads. Peri-implant bone defects were created without knowing the depth, which served as the gold standard for the defects. The defects were scanned with two different probe types (linear and hockey stick probes) extraorally and intraorally, using two different ultrasonography systems. For intra- and interobserver agreements for each probe types, Kappa coefficients were calculated. Results: The lowest ICC values were found in both intra- (ICC = 0.696) and interobserver reliability (ICC = 0.762) obtained with the extraorally used linear probe. There was a high agreement with the gold standard when using hockey sticky probes intraorally. For both linear probes, there were no significant differences in agreement among the two observers and the gold standard (p >0.05). Conclusions: High agreement was found when using high-frequency hockey stick probes intraorally, which means that they can be used with good effect for the evaluation of the visibility of peri-implant bone defects. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first one on this subject. Thus, it can be stated that US can be an alternative method of examining defects. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of US in visualizing peri-implant bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Orhan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Turkey.,Medical Design Application and Research Center (MEDITAM), Ankara University, Turkey
| | - Gozde Serindere
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Dentistry, Turkey
| | - Ceren Aktuna Belgin
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Dentistry, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hakan Kurt
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Ankara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Turkey
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Bohner L, Hanisch M, Chilvarquer I, Kleinheinz J, Tortamano P. Assessment of Peri-implant Buccal Bone Thickness Using Digital Imaging Techniques: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Open Dent J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602014010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives:
This systematic review aimed to answer the following focused question: Do the currently available imaging techniques provide accuracy in the assessment of peri-implant buccal bone thickness?
Methods:
A search strategy was conducted in eight electronic databases, followed by an additional manual search in grey literature and references of selected articles. Studies evaluating the accuracy of imaging techniques to measure peri-implant buccal bone thickness were included. Individual risk of bias was assessed by the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate CBCT accuracy. The overall effect size was determined by means of the Z-test. Q test was used to evaluate the homogeneity of effect sizes among studies and I2 was applied to determine the variance within studies.
Results:
After an initial screening, 83 studies were further selected for full reading and 13 of them were considered eligible for this review. In sum, the accuracy of Cone-beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), of ultrasound, and of computed tomography were assessed. There was no statistically significant difference between CBCT and the gold standard (p=0.81). The mean difference between measurements of bone thickness obtained by CBCT and the goldstandard was -0.0.3mm [95%CI -0.29;0.253mm].
Conclusion:
CBCT showed acceptable accuracy for assessing peri-implant bone. No meaningful conclusion could be drawn about other techniques.
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Marotti J, Neuhaus S, Habor D, Bohner L, Heger S, Radermacher K, Wolfart S. High-Frequency Ultrasound for Assessment of Peri-Implant Bone Thickness. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101539. [PMID: 31557872 PMCID: PMC6832403 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) for measurement of bone thickness surrounding dental implants. Methods: Eight porcine bone samples containing dental implants were scanned by a HFUS scanner and compared using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and an optical scanner. Bone thickness was measured in the buccolingual region of dental implants in 10 points distributed between the platform and apical portion of the implant. Results: The mean measurement error for the ultrasound method was 0.11 mm, whereas CBCT showed a measurement error of 0.20 mm. For both devices, the maximal measurement error was 0.28 mm. Conclusion: Within the simulated limited conditions of this study, high-frequency ultrasound, with optical scanning used as a reference, presented higher accuracy in comparison to CBCT, and seems to be a promising tool for measuring peri-implant bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Marotti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Centre for Implantology, Medical School of the RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Sarah Neuhaus
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Centre for Implantology, Medical School of the RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Daniel Habor
- Department of Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lauren Bohner
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Centre for Implantology, Medical School of the RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Heger
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Mannheim University, John-Deere-Strasse 85, 68163 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Klaus Radermacher
- Department of Medical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Wolfart
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Centre for Implantology, Medical School of the RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Vanderstuyft T, Tarce M, Sanaan B, Jacobs R, de Faria Vasconcelos K, Quirynen M. Inaccuracy of buccal bone thickness estimation on cone‐beam CT due to implant blooming: An ex‐vivo study. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:1134-1143. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tony Vanderstuyft
- Section of Periodontology Department of Oral Health Sciences KU Leuven & Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven Belgium
| | - Mihai Tarce
- Section of Periodontology Department of Oral Health Sciences KU Leuven & Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven Belgium
| | - Bahoz Sanaan
- Section of Periodontology Department of Oral Health Sciences KU Leuven & Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS‐IMPATH Research Group Department of Imaging and Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Karla de Faria Vasconcelos
- OMFS‐IMPATH Research Group Department of Imaging and Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Marc Quirynen
- Section of Periodontology Department of Oral Health Sciences KU Leuven & Dentistry University Hospitals Leuven Belgium
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Bohner L, Habor D, Tortamano P, Radermacher K, Wolfart S, Marotti J. Assessment of Buccal Bone Surrounding Dental Implants Using a High-Frequency Ultrasound Scanner. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:1427-1434. [PMID: 30940417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the buccal bone dimensions surrounding dental implants using a high-frequency ultrasound (US) scanner and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Dental implants (n = 10) inserted in the maxilla of dry skulls were scanned using US (28 MHz, bandwidth 84%, aperture 6 mm, focal depth 13.2 mm) and CBCT (70 kV, 6.3 mA, voxel size 0.18 mm). The bone level and buccal bone thickness were determined on the buccal-lingual diameter of the implant. As a control group, the evaluated site was represented by a stone block containing the dental implant, and measurements were performed using an optical microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using a mixed linear regression model at a significance level of p < 0.05. There was no statistical difference among groups for the two measurements. For ultrasound, the mean discrepancy was 0.38 mm for bone thickness and 0.68 mm for bone level. For CBCT, the mean discrepancy was 0.51 mm for bone thickness and 0.09 mm for bone level. High-frequency ultrasound was able to measure buccal bone dimensions surrounding dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bohner
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Center for Implantology, Medical School RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Habor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pedro Tortamano
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Klaus Radermacher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wolfart
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Center for Implantology, Medical School RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Juliana Marotti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Center for Implantology, Medical School RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Bohner L, Habor D, Gremse F, Tortamano P, Wolfart S, Marotti J. Accuracy of High-Frequency Ultrasound Scanner in Detecting Peri-implant Bone Defects. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:650-659. [PMID: 30593434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of high-frequency ultrasound (US) in the measurement of peri-implant bone defects in comparison with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and micro-computed tomography (µCT). Bone defects were mechanically created around dental implants inserted into porcine ribs (n = 10). The bone samples were scanned by CBCT, µCT and US. Linear dimensions of the peri-implant defects were determined for supra-alveolar component, intra-bony component and width. The accuracy of measurements was evaluated with repeated-measures analysis of variance and the intra-class correlation coefficient at p ≤ 0.05. US underestimated the measurements for the supra-alveolar and intra-bony components in comparison to CBCT and µCT, and there were no statistically significant differences in the measurements of width. The intra-class correlation coefficient of US ranged from 0.96 to 0.98, whereas that for CBCT ranged from 0.77 to 0.97. US was accurate in measuring the width of peri-implant defects, although vertical measurements were underestimated by approximately 1 mm in comparison to those of CBCT and µCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bohner
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Centre for Implantology, Medical School of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Habor
- Chair of Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Pedro Tortamano
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefan Wolfart
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Centre for Implantology, Medical School of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Juliana Marotti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, Centre for Implantology, Medical School of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Nguyen KCT, Pachêco-Pereira C, Kaipatur NR, Cheung J, Major PW, Le LH. Comparison of ultrasound imaging and cone-beam computed tomography for examination of the alveolar bone level: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200596. [PMID: 30281591 PMCID: PMC6169851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective The current methods to image alveolar bone in humans include intraoral 2D radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). However, these methods expose the subject to ionizing radiation. Therefore, ultrasound imaging has been investigated as an alternative technique, as it is both non-invasive and free from ionizing radiation. In order to assess the validity and reliability of ultrasonography in visualizing alveolar bone, a systematic review was conducted comparing ultrasound imaging to CBCT for examination of the alveolar bone level. Study design Seven databases were searched. Studies addressing examination of alveolar bone level via CBCT and ultrasound were selected. Risk of bias under Cochrane guidelines was used as a methodological quality assessment tool. Results All the four included studies were ex vivo studies that used porcine or human cadaver samples. The alveolar bone level was measured by the distance from the alveolar bone crest to certain landmarks such as cemento-enamel junction or gingival margin. The risk of bias was found as low. The mean difference between ultrasound and CBCT measurements ranged from 0.07 mm to 0.68 mm, equivalent to 1.6% - 8.8%. Conclusions There is currently preliminary evidence to support the use of ultrasonography as compared to CBCT for the examination of alveolar bone level. Further studies comparing ultrasound to gold standard methods would be necessary to help validate the accuracy of ultrasonography as a diagnostic technique in periodontal imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim-Cuong T. Nguyen
- Department of Radiology & Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Camila Pachêco-Pereira
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Neelambar R. Kaipatur
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (LHL); (NRK)
| | - June Cheung
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul W. Major
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lawrence H. Le
- Department of Radiology & Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (LHL); (NRK)
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Bornstein MM, Horner K, Jacobs R. Use of cone beam computed tomography in implant dentistry: current concepts, indications and limitations for clinical practice and research. Periodontol 2000 2018; 73:51-72. [PMID: 28000270 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic radiology is an essential component of treatment planning in the field of implant dentistry. This narrative review will present current concepts for the use of cone beam computed tomography imaging, before and after implant placement, in daily clinical practice and research. Guidelines for the selection of three-dimensional imaging will be discussed, and limitations will be highlighted. Current concepts of radiation dose optimization, including novel imaging modalities using low-dose protocols, will be presented. For preoperative cross-sectional imaging, data are still not available which demonstrate that cone beam computed tomography results in fewer intraoperative complications such as nerve damage or bleeding incidents, or that implants inserted using preoperative cone beam computed tomography data sets for planning purposes will exhibit higher survival or success rates. The use of cone beam computed tomography following the insertion of dental implants should be restricted to specific postoperative complications, such as damage of neurovascular structures or postoperative infections in relation to the maxillary sinus. Regarding peri-implantitis, the diagnosis and severity of the disease should be evaluated primarily based on clinical parameters and on radiological findings based on periapical radiographs (two dimensional). The use of cone beam computed tomography scans in clinical research might not yield any evident beneficial effect for the patient included. As many of the cone beam computed tomography scans performed for research have no direct therapeutic consequence, dose optimization measures should be implemented by using appropriate exposure parameters and by reducing the field of view to the actual region of interest.
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Gad K, Ellabban M, Sciubba J. Utility of Transfacial Dental Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Cystic Jaw Lesions. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2018; 37:635-644. [PMID: 28877358 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Plain radiography has been widely used in dentistry. Because of the variability of the quality of equipment, radiographic technique, accuracy of interpretation, and radiation risk to the patients, the field is ripe for the introduction of other newer diagnostic modalities. In this report, we demonstrate the utility of ultrasonography in the diagnostic workup of cystic or cystlike lesions of the jaw. METHODS We used a transfacial ultrasonographic scanning approach to examine 32 patients with clinical or radiographic presentation of a jaw cyst. Computed tomography and histopathologic analysis were used as the reference standards to confirm the findings. RESULTS Ultrasonography could establish the presence or absence of a lesion, erosion of the buccal cortical plate, and identification of associated soft tissue involvement in all cases (sensitivity and specificity, 100% and 100%, respectively; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 1.0; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our observations revealed the usefulness of ultrasonography and demonstrated its potential value when introduced as a routine office-based imaging method for dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Gad
- Department of Radiology, Suez Canal University School of Medicine, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ellabban
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Suez Canal University School of Medicine, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - James Sciubba
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Milton J. Dance Head and Neck Center Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Ultrasound evaluation of intra-osseous cavity: A preliminary study in pig mandibles. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2016; 6:S14-S17. [PMID: 27900244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess the role of ultrasonography as a possible tool for diagnosis of intra-osseous lesions. METHODS Our sample comprised five macerated pig jaws. The regions of bony crypts of third molars were examined on both sides, totaling 10 examinations. The degrees of difficulty for both ultrasound image visualization and bone translucency were rated by two groups of evaluators (i.e. dental radiologists and physician ultrasonographers). RESULTS Our results showed that it is possible to detect images of the intra-osseous cavity at a low-degree difficulty by using both radiographic and ultrasonic techniques (46.6% and 43.3%, respectively). However, the crypts were not fully detected by both groups (16.6% and 13.3%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that ultrasonography is a useful method for evaluation of intra-osseous lesions in jaws, provided that the cortical bone is thin enough to allow ultrasound waves to pass through.
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Laher AE, Wells M. Ultrasonographically locating the mental foramen and its soft tissue relations. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2016; 45:20160236. [PMID: 27506296 PMCID: PMC5595029 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20160236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This ultrasound-based cross-sectional study aimed to visualize, locate and compare the position of the mental foramen with regard to its relationship to various soft tissue landmarks. METHODS 100 Black and Caucasian subjects were included. An ultrasound transducer was used to locate the mental foramina. Distances to various landmarks were measured and compared. RESULTS All mental foramina were visualized. The mean soft tissue distance of the entire group from the mental foramen on the right and left sides, respectively, were as follows: (a) 3.4 mm [standard deviation (SD) 1.7 mm] and 3.4 mm (SD 1.5 mm) lateral to a vertical line passing through the chelion; (b) 20.1 mm (SD 2.6 mm) and 20.1 mm (SD 2.6 mm) distal to a horizontal line bisecting the chelions; (c) 15.1 mm (SD 2.4 mm) and 15.0 mm (SD 2.4 mm) proximal to the inferior border of the mandible. We found no statistically significant differences between race groups, between gender group and between age categories with regard to the horizontal soft tissue distance from a vertical line passing through the chelion to the mental foramen on the right or left sides. There were statistically significant (but not clinically significant) differences between race groups and between gender groups but not between age groups with regard to the vertical soft tissue distance from a horizontal line bisecting the chelions to the mental foramen as well as from the inferior border of the mandible to the mental foramen on both the right and left sides. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ultrasound is a feasible imaging modality that can be utilized to locate the mental foramen. Differences in the position of the mental foramen with regard to various soft tissue landmarks are minor and clinically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah E Laher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mike Wells
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Benic GI, Elmasry M, Hämmerle CHF. Novel digital imaging techniques to assess the outcome in oral rehabilitation with dental implants: a narrative review. Clin Oral Implants Res 2015; 26 Suppl 11:86-96. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goran I. Benic
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Moustafa Elmasry
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christoph H. F. Hämmerle
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Weber JR, Baribeau F, Grenier P, Émond F, Dubois S, Duchesne F, Girard M, Pope T, Gallant P, Mermut O, Moghadam HG. Towards a bimodal proximity sensor for in situ neurovascular bundle detection during dental implant surgery. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 5:16-30. [PMID: 24466473 PMCID: PMC3891329 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Proof of concept results are presented towards an in situ bimodal proximity sensor for neurovascular bundle detection during dental implant surgery using combined near infrared absorption (NIR) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) techniques. These modalities are shown to have different sensitivity to the proximity of optical contrast from neurovascular bundles. NIR AC and DC signals from the pulsing of an artery enable qualitative ranging of the bundle in the millimeter range, with best sensitivity around 0.5-3mm distance in a custom phantom setup. OCT provides structural mapping of the neurovascular bundle at sub-millimeter distances in an ex vivo human jaw bone. Combining the two techniques suggests a novel ranging system for the surgeon that could be implemented in a "smart drill." The proximity to the neurovascular bundle can be tracked in real time in the range of a few millimeters with NIR signals, after which higher resolution imaging OCT to provide finer ranging in the sub-millimeter distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie R. Weber
- Institut national d’optique (INO), 2740 rue Einstein, Québec, QC G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - François Baribeau
- Institut national d’optique (INO), 2740 rue Einstein, Québec, QC G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - Paul Grenier
- Institut national d’optique (INO), 2740 rue Einstein, Québec, QC G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - Frédéric Émond
- Institut national d’optique (INO), 2740 rue Einstein, Québec, QC G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - Sylvain Dubois
- Institut national d’optique (INO), 2740 rue Einstein, Québec, QC G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - François Duchesne
- Institut national d’optique (INO), 2740 rue Einstein, Québec, QC G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - Marc Girard
- Institut national d’optique (INO), 2740 rue Einstein, Québec, QC G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - Timothy Pope
- Institut national d’optique (INO), 2740 rue Einstein, Québec, QC G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - Pascal Gallant
- Institut national d’optique (INO), 2740 rue Einstein, Québec, QC G1P 4S4, Canada
| | - Ozzy Mermut
- Institut national d’optique (INO), 2740 rue Einstein, Québec, QC G1P 4S4, Canada
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Szopinski KT, Regulski P. Visibility of dental pulp spaces in dental ultrasound. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2013; 43:20130289. [PMID: 24170803 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20130289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of dental ultrasound with conventional sonographic equipment. The teeth of three adult volunteers who had cone beam CT examinations performed previously with clinical indications and one extracted tooth were examined using linear and compact (hockey stick) sonographic probes. The sonographic images were compared with cone beam CT images reconstructed accordingly. Dental pulp spaces were demonstrated in all teeth not covered with prosthetic crowns. The dentin and pulp were best visualized at the level of the neck of the teeth. The dentin was hypoechoic, and the superficial layer comprising the cementum and the pulp spaces were hyperechoic. Dental ultrasound is feasible with general purpose sonographic machines. The buccal surfaces of all teeth are accessible with a compact (hockey stick) probe. Visualization and differentiation of dental pulp spaces, dentin and the superficial layer comprising cementum is possible in the portions of teeth not covered by the alveolar bone or prosthetic crowns. The dental pulp spaces are best seen at the level of the tooth neck. Pulp and endodontic fillings can be distinguished on ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Szopinski
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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