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Giordano GM, Perrottelli A, Mucci A, Di Lorenzo G, Altamura M, Bellomo A, Brugnoli R, Corrivetti G, Girardi P, Monteleone P, Niolu C, Galderisi S, Maj M. Investigating the Relationships of P3b with Negative Symptoms and Neurocognition in Subjects with Chronic Schizophrenia. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1632. [PMID: 34942934 PMCID: PMC8699055 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11121632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurocognitive deficits and negative symptoms (NS) have a pivotal role in subjects with schizophrenia (SCZ) due to their impact on patients' functioning in everyday life and their influence on goal-directed behavior and decision-making. P3b is considered an optimal electrophysiological candidate biomarker of neurocognitive impairment for its association with the allocation of attentional resources to task-relevant stimuli, an important factor for efficient decision-making, as well as for motivation-related processes. Furthermore, associations between P3b deficits and NS have been reported. The current research aims to fill the lack of studies investigating, in the same subjects, the associations of P3b with multiple cognitive domains and the expressive and motivation-related domains of NS, evaluated with state-of-the-art instruments. One hundred and fourteen SCZ and 63 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the study. P3b amplitude was significantly reduced and P3b latency prolonged in SCZ as compared to HCs. In SCZ, a positive correlation was found between P3b latency and age and between P3b amplitude and the Attention-vigilance domain, while no significant correlations were found between P3b and the two NS domains. Our results indicate that the effortful allocation of attention to task-relevant stimuli, an important component of decision-making, is compromised in SCZ, independently of motivation deficits or other NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia M. Giordano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.G.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Andrea Perrottelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.G.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.G.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.L.); (C.N.)
| | - Mario Altamura
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Roberto Brugnoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00189 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Giulio Corrivetti
- Department of Mental Health, University of Salerno, 84133 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Paolo Girardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 00189 Rome, Italy; (R.B.); (P.G.)
| | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Section of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Niolu
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (G.D.L.); (C.N.)
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.G.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.M.G.); (A.P.); (S.G.); (M.M.)
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Salisbury DF, Kohler J, Shenton ME, McCarley RW. Deficit Effect Sizes and Correlations of Auditory Event-Related Potentials at First Hospitalization in the Schizophrenia Spectrum. Clin EEG Neurosci 2020; 51:198-206. [PMID: 31390901 PMCID: PMC9494547 DOI: 10.1177/1550059419868115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The N1, P2, and P3 event-related potentials (ERPs) are impaired in first-episode schizophrenia (FESz). Reduced pitch-deviant mismatch negativity (MMN) is present in chronic schizophrenia but not FESz. We examined effect sizes of, and correlations between, N1, P2, P3, and MMN in 106 FESz and 114 matched psychiatrically well controls to determine which ERPs maximally differentiated groups, and whether late sensory/perceptual deficits (N1, P2) affected preattentive memory (MMN) and conscious attention (P3). Furthermore, we compared hallucinators and nonhallucinators within FESz. Participants completed 1 of 3 oddball tasks, silently counting target tones among standard tones. Sixty-seven FESz and 72 matched participants also completed pitch-deviant MMN testing. Measures were z-scored from task appropriate controls before merging samples. Mean z-scores for N1, P2, and P3 were significantly abnormal in FESz, while pitch-deviant MMN was not. N1 showed the largest deficit (z = 0.53), and only N1 was smaller in hallucinators (n = 71) than nonhallucinators (n = 27). Among all participants, early sensory processing (N1, P2) correlated with later cognitive processing (P3), and P2 and P3 also correlated with automatic preattentive memory (pitch-deviant MMN). In well individuals, N1 was associated with MMN. These data are consistent with bottom-up sensory/perceptual processes affecting more cognitive processes. However, N1 and MMN were not associated in FESz, suggesting different auditory cortex physiology underlie these ERPs, which is differentially affected in FESz. Larger P2 and P3 with greater estimated premorbid intellect in patients indicate a possible neuroprotective effect of intellect in FESz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean F Salisbury
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,McLean Hospital, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Belmont, MA, USA.,UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Justine Kohler
- UPMC Western Psychiatric Hospital, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Brigham & Women's Hospital, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert W McCarley
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Boston VA Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Laboratory of Neuroscience, Brockton, MA, USA
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Kuo SS, Pogue-Geile MF. Variation in fourteen brain structure volumes in schizophrenia: A comprehensive meta-analysis of 246 studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:85-94. [PMID: 30615934 PMCID: PMC6401304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite hundreds of structural MRI studies documenting smaller brain volumes on average in schizophrenia compared to controls, little attention has been paid to group differences in the variability of brain volumes. Examination of variability may help interpret mean group differences in brain volumes and aid in better understanding the heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Variability in 246 MRI studies was meta-analyzed for 13 structures that have shown medium to large mean effect sizes (Cohen's d≥0.4): intracranial volume, total brain volume, lateral ventricles, third ventricle, total gray matter, frontal gray matter, prefrontal gray matter, temporal gray matter, superior temporal gyrus gray matter, planum temporale, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, insula; and a control structure, caudate nucleus. No significant differences in variability in cortical/subcortical volumes were detected in schizophrenia relative to controls. In contrast, increased variability was found in schizophrenia compared to controls for intracranial and especially lateral and third ventricle volumes. These findings highlight the need for more attention to ventricles and detailed analyses of brain volume distributions to better elucidate the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Kuo
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 4209 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA.
| | - Michael F Pogue-Geile
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 4209 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA; Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 4207 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA.
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Cavelti M, Kircher T, Nagels A, Strik W, Homan P. Is formal thought disorder in schizophrenia related to structural and functional aberrations in the language network? A systematic review of neuroimaging findings. Schizophr Res 2018; 199:2-16. [PMID: 29510928 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Formal thought disorder (FTD) is a core feature of schizophrenia, a marker of illness severity and a predictor of outcome. The underlying neural mechanisms are still a matter of debate. This study aimed at 1) reviewing the literature on the neural correlates of FTD in schizophrenia, and 2) testing the hypothesis that FTD correlates with structural and functional aberrations in the language network. Medline, PsychInfo, and Embase were searched for neuroimaging studies, which applied a clinical measure to assess FTD in adults with schizophrenia and were published in English or German in peer-reviewed journals until December 2016. Of 412 articles identified, 61 studies were included in the review. Volumetric studies reported bilateral grey matter deficits (L > R) to be associated with FTD in the inferior frontal gyrus, the superior temporal gyrus and the inferior parietal lobe. The same regions showed hyperactivity in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies and both hyper- and hypoactivity in fMRI studies that employed semantic processing or free speech production tasks. Diffusion tensor imaging studies demonstrated white matter aberrations in fibre tracts that connect the frontal and temporo-parietal regions. FTD in schizophrenia was found to be associated with structural and functional aberrations in the language network. However, there are studies that did not find an association between FTD and neural aberrations of the language network and regions not included in the language network have been associated with FTD. Thus, future research is needed to clarify the specificity of the language network for FTD in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Cavelti
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health & Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Rudolf-Bultmann-Strasse 8, 35039 Marburg, Germany
| | - Arne Nagels
- Johannes Gutenberg University, General Linguistics, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Werner Strik
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Homan
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland; Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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Kenney JPM, McPhilemy G, Scanlon C, Najt P, McInerney S, Arndt S, Scherz E, Byrne F, Leemans A, Jeurissen B, Hallahan B, McDonald C, Cannon DM. The Arcuate Fasciculus Network and Verbal Deficits in Psychosis. Transl Neurosci 2017; 8:117-126. [PMID: 29662701 PMCID: PMC5898602 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Verbal learning (VL) and fluency (VF) are prominent cognitive deficits in psychosis, of which the precise neuroanatomical contributions are not fully understood. We investigated the arcuate fasciculus (AF) and its associated cortical regions to identify structural abnormalities contributing to these verbal impairments in early stages of psychotic illness. Methods Twenty-six individuals with recent-onset psychosis and 27 healthy controls underwent cognitive testing (MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery) and structural/diffusion-weighted MRI. Bilaterally, AF anisotropy and cortical thickness, surface area and volume of seven cortical regions were investigated in relation to VL and VF performance in both groups. Results Reduced right superior temporal gyrus surface area and volume related to better VF in controls. In psychosis, greater right pars opercularis volume and reduced left lateralization of this region related to better VL, while greater right long AF fractional anisotropy and right pars orbitalis volume related to better VF, these findings not present in controls. Psychosis had reduced right pars orbitalis thickness compared to controls. Conclusion Anatomical substrates for normal processing of VL and VF appear altered in recent-onset psychosis. A possible aberrant role of the right hemisphere arcuate fasciculus and fronto-temporal cortical regions in psychosis may contribute to deficits in VL and VF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne P M Kenney
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Genevieve McPhilemy
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Cathy Scanlon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pablo Najt
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Shane McInerney
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland.,Departments of Psychiatry, St Michaels Hospital & University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sophia Arndt
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elisabeth Scherz
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Fintan Byrne
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Alexander Leemans
- Images Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Jeurissen
- iMinds-Vision Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Brian Hallahan
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
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Vignapiano A, Mucci A, Ford J, Montefusco V, Plescia G, Bucci P, Galderisi S. Reward anticipation and trait anhedonia: An electrophysiological investigation in subjects with schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:2149-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Guerra López S, Martín Reyes M, Pedroso Rodríguez MDLÁ, Reyes Berazain A, Mendoza Quiñones R, Bravo Collazo TM, Días de Villarvilla T, Machado Cano MJ, Bobés León MA. [Evoked potentials N200/P300 disorders and clinical phenotype in Cuban families with paranoid schizophrenia: a family-based association study]. Medwave 2015; 15:e6112. [PMID: 25919584 DOI: 10.5867/medwave.2015.03.6112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION N200 and P300 event-related evoked potentials provide sensitive measurements of sensory and cognitive function and have been used to study information processing in patients with schizophrenia and their unaffected first-degree relatives. Reduced amplitude and increased latency of N200 and P300 potentials have been consistently reported in schizophrenia. Thus, event-related evoked potentials abnormalities are promising possible biological markers for genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE To assess the association of changes in latency, amplitude and topographic distribution of potentials N200 and P300 of patients with paranoid schizophrenia and their healthy first-degree relatives, in families with schizophrenia multiplex. METHODOLOGY We measured latency and amplitude of the N200 and P300 component of evoked potentials using an auditory odd-ball paradigm in 25 schizophrenic patients (probands) from 60 families multiply affected with paranoid schizophrenia, 23 of their non-schizophrenic first-degree relatives and 25 unrelated healthy controls, through a study of family association. RESULTS Schizophrenic patients and their relatives showed significant latency prolongation and amplitude reduction of the N200 and P300 waves compared to controls. Left-temporal as compared to right-temporal N200 and P300 were significantly smaller in schizophrenic patients and their non-schizophrenic first-degree relatives than in controls. Our results suggest that event-related evoked potentials abnormalities may serve as markers of genetic vulnerability in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Confirming results of other researchers, this present study suggests that latency prolongation and amplitude reduction of the N200 and P300 waves and an altered topography at temporal sites may be a trait marker of paranoid schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidel Guerra López
- Universidad Nacional del Este, Alto Paraná, Paraguay. Universidad de Integración Latinoamericana, Foz de Iguazú, Paraná, Brasil. Adress: Km. 16 Acaray, Avda. Mcal. López entre Mcal. Estigarribia y Padre Moleón, Minga Guazú Paraguay.
| | - Migdyrai Martín Reyes
- Clínica de Rehabilitación de Salud Mental, Servicio Navarro de Salud, Pamplona, Navarra, España
| | | | | | - Raúl Mendoza Quiñones
- Departamento de Neurociencias de Cuba, Centro de Neurociencias de Cuba, La Habana, Cuba
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Guo Q, Tang Y, Li H, Zhang T, Li J, Sheng J, Liu D, Li C, Wang J. Both volumetry and functional connectivity of Heschl's gyrus are associated with auditory P300 in first episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 160:57-66. [PMID: 25458859 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced gray matter volume in left superior temporal gyrus (STG) is considered to be associated with auditory P300 amplitude in schizophrenia. Little is known about possible pathological circuits regarding sub-regions of STG that contribute to auditory P300 abnormality in schizophrenia. The current study investigated gray matter volume in STG and functional connectivity of Heschl's gyrus in first-episode schizophrenia (FESZ), as well as their correlations with P300 amplitude. METHODS Nineteen FESZ patients and 19 healthy controls contributed MRI scans. Eighteen patients and 17 controls underwent auditory P300 test within 1 week after MRI scanning. STG structural abnormalities were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis. Bilateral Heschl's gyri (HG) were selected as seeds for FC analysis in resting MRI data. Correlations of P300 amplitude with gray matter alterations in STG and HG-based FC were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis within each group. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, FESZ patients showed reduced gray matter in left STG and P300 amplitude. Gray matter volume of left Heschl's gyrus was positively correlated with P300 amplitude in FESZ patients. HG-based FC of resting fMRI was decreased in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), medial frontal gyrus (MFG), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and left temporal pole, whereas the same metric was increased in the lingual gyrus, precuneus and cerebellar tonsil among FESZ patients. FC between bilateral HG and precuneus was inversely correlated with P300 amplitude among healthy controls, and was absent among FES patients. CONCLUSIONS The findings point towards both decreased volume of Heschl's gyrus and its altered functional pathways may contribute to auditory P300 abnormality in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jianhua Sheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Dengtang Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wan Ping Nan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Romero-Pimentel AL, Vázquez-Roque RA, Camacho-Abrego I, Hoffman KL, Linares P, Flores G, Manjarrez E. Histological correlates of N40 auditory evoked potentials in adult rats after neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion: animal model of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 159:450-7. [PMID: 25261883 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal ventral hippocampal lesion (NVHL) is an established neurodevelopmental rat model of schizophrenia. Rats with NVHL exhibit several behavioral, molecular and physiological abnormalities that are similar to those found in schizophrenics. Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric illness characterized by profound disturbances of mental functions including neurophysiological deficits in brain information processing. These deficits can be assessed by auditory evoked potentials (AEPs), where schizophrenics exhibit abnormalities in amplitude, duration and latency of such AEPs. The aim of the present study was to compare the density of cells in the temporal cerebral cortex and the N40-AEP of adult NVHL rats versus adult sham rats. We found that rats with NVHL exhibit significant lower amplitude of the N40-AEP and a significant lower number of cells in bilateral regions of the temporal cerebral cortex compared to sham rats. Because the AEP recordings were obtained from anesthetized rats, we suggest that NVHL leads to inappropriate innervation in thalamic-cortical pathways in the adult rat, leading to altered function of cortical networks involved in processing of primary auditory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Romero-Pimentel
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal (CIRA), Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, CP 90070, México; Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Puebla, CP 72570, México
| | - R A Vázquez-Roque
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Puebla, CP 72570, México
| | - I Camacho-Abrego
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Puebla, CP 72570, México
| | - K L Hoffman
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal (CIRA), Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala-CINVESTAV, Tlaxcala, CP 90070, México
| | - P Linares
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Puebla, CP 72570, México
| | - G Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Puebla, CP 72570, México.
| | - E Manjarrez
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 14 Sur 6301, Col. San Manuel, Puebla, Puebla, CP 72570, México.
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Boutros NN, Mucci A, Diwadkar V, Tandon R. Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 8:28-35B. [DOI: 10.3371/csrp.bomu.012513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Preuss UW, Zetzsche T, Pogarell O, Mulert C, Frodl T, Müller D, Schmidt G, Born C, Reiser M, Möller HJ, Hegerl U, Meisenzahl EM. Anterior cingulum volumetry, auditory P300 in schizophrenia with negative symptoms. Psychiatry Res 2010; 183:133-9. [PMID: 20630714 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is located at the rostum of the corpus callosum and involved in both cognitive and emotional brain processes. It has been suggested to be involved in P300 event-related potential generation. A large sample of schizophrenia inpatients and controls was examined in order to assess the potential relationship between ACC volumes and P300 characteristics in patients with more pronounced negative symptoms. In 50 male schizophrenia patients and 50 matched controls, auditory P300 and structural magnetic resonance imaging volume measurements of the ACC were obtained. Patients' negative symptoms were assessed using the PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). Volumetry of ACC subregions revealed a volume reduction in patients with schizophrenia compared with controls in right hemispheric rostral ACC subregions that were most pronounced in more negative schizophrenia patients. There was a positive correlation between PZ P300 amplitude and total ACC volume in the right hemisphere in schizophrenia patients with less negative symptoms. The results support the assumption that structural changes of the ACC are more pronounced in subgroups of schizophrenia patients with more negative psychopathology. In addition, while right hemisphere ACC volumes significantly differ between schizophrenia subgroups, combining measures of event-related potential (ERP) and ACC volumetry does not add additional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich W Preuss
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Nussbaumstrasse 7, D-80336 Munich, Germany.
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Santos JL, Sánchez-Morla EM, Aparicio A, García-Jiménez MA, Villanueva C, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Arango C. P50 gating in deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2010; 119:183-90. [PMID: 20153607 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional auditory sensory processing has generally been found in schizophrenia and it has been suggested that these deficits might be related to clinical and psychosocial variables. The present study included P50 recordings using a simple-paired click auditory evoked potential paradigm in sixty patients with deficit schizophrenia (DS), sixty patients with nondeficit schizophrenia (NDS), and sixty comparison subjects. The Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome was used to categorize patients as DS or NDS. The two patient groups did not differ in clinical variables, except for higher negative dimension and lower community outcome scores in DS than in NDS patients. There were no differences in P50 ratios between deficit and nondeficit subgroups; compared with normal subjects both groups of schizophrenia patients showed impaired P50 ratios (p<0.0001). This ratio appears to be independent of positive and negative symptoms. However, impairment in P50 gating correlated with poorer community outcome. The data document the existence of early auditory sensory processing abnormalities in DS and NDS, and might suggest that common neuronal network abnormalities underlie both forms of schizophrenia. Deficient P50 gating may be associated with impaired functional outcome in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain
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13
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Differences in hippocampal volume between major depression and schizophrenia: a comparative neuroimaging study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2010; 260:127-37. [PMID: 19488671 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-009-0023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that structural brain change is detectable in the hippocampus in both patients, with schizophrenia and major depression. Only few studies, however, compared both clinical disease entities directly and no larger study has tried to take different disease stages into account. The objectives of this study are to investigate whether hippocampal volumes are reduced in patients with schizophrenia and those with major depression with the same duration of illness compared to healthy controls and to assess further changes at different disease stages. A total of 319 inpatients and healthy controls were enrolled and investigated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Hippocampal volumes were measured using the segmentation software BRAINS. Bilateral hippocampal volume reductions were detected in both schizophrenic and depressed patients compared to healthy control (HC) subjects. Although younger, schizophrenic (SZ) patients showed in their MRI scans significant bilaterally reduced hippocampal volumes compared to patients with major depression. Although the hippocampal reductions were similar at the onset of symptomatic manifestation of both diseases, there was a further significant reduction of the left hippocampus in the recurrently ill SZ subgroup. The data suggest rather dynamic structural brain alterations in schizophrenia compared to major depression. Here, the presented application of the comparative neuroscience approach, by the use of large neuroimaging MRI databases, seems highly valuable. In the field of psychiatry, with its still controversial operationalized descriptive diagnostic entities, the cross-nosological approach provides a helpful tool to better elucidate the still unknown brain pathologies and their underlying molecular mechanisms beyond a single nosological entity.
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Compensatory mechanisms underlie intact task-switching performance in schizophrenia. Neuropsychologia 2009; 48:1305-23. [PMID: 20036266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia tend to perform poorly on many measures of cognitive control. However, recent task-switching studies suggest that they show intact task-switching performance, despite the fact that the regions involved in task-switching are known to be structurally and functionally impaired in the disorder. Behavioral, event-related potential (ERP) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures were used to compare the temporal and spatial dynamics of task-switching performance in individuals with schizophrenia and controls. Consistent with previous studies, reaction time (RT) switch cost and its reduction with anticipatory preparation did not differ between groups. There were also no group differences on cue-locked ERP components associated with anticipatory preparation processes. However, both stimulus- and response-locked ERPs were significantly disrupted in schizophrenia, suggesting difficulty with task-set implementation. fMRI analyses indicated that individuals with schizophrenia showed hyperactivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex. RT-fMRI and ERP-fMRI associations suggested that individuals with schizophrenia employ compensatory mechanisms to overcome difficulties in task-set implementation and thereby achieve the same behavioral outcomes as controls.
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Verbal fluency deficits and altered lateralization of language brain areas in individuals genetically predisposed to schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2009; 115:202-8. [PMID: 19840895 PMCID: PMC4841274 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of verbal fluency may correlate with deficits of gray matter volume and hemispheric lateralization of language brain regions like the pars triangularis (PT) in schizophrenia. Examining non-psychotic individuals at high genetic risk (HR) for schizophrenia may clarify if these deficits represent heritable trait markers or state dependent phenomena. We assessed adolescent and young adult HR subjects (N=60) and healthy controls (HC; N=42) using verbal fluency tests and Freesurfer to process T1-MRI scans. We hypothesized volumetric and lateralization alterations of the PT and their correlation with verbal fluency deficits. HR subjects had letter verbal fluency deficits (controlling for IQ), left PT deficits (p=.00), (controlling ICV) and reversal of the L>R PT asymmetry noted in HC. Right Heschl's (p=.00), left supramarginal (p=.00) and right angular gyrii (p=.02) were also reduced in HR subjects. The L>R asymmetry of the Heschl's gyrus seen in HC was exaggerated and asymmetries of L>R of supramarginal and R>L of angular gyri, seen in HC were attenuated in HR subjects. L>R asymmetry of the PT predicted better verbal fluency across the pooled HR and HC groups. Young relatives of schizophrenia patients have verbal fluency deficits, gray matter volume deficits and reversed asymmetry of the pars triangularis. A reversed structural asymmetry of the PT in HR subjects may impair expressive language abilities leading to verbal fluency deficits. Volumetric deficits and altered asymmetry in inferior parietal and Heschl's gyrii may accompany genetic liability to schizophrenia.
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Bestelmeyer PEG, Phillips LH, Crombie C, Benson P, St Clair D. The P300 as a possible endophenotype for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Evidence from twin and patient studies. Psychiatry Res 2009; 169:212-9. [PMID: 19748132 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Revised: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that psychophysiological abnormalities in schizophrenia, such as decreased amplitude of the evoked potential component P300, may be genetically influenced. Studies of heritability of the P300 have used different and typically more complex tasks than those used in clinical studies of schizophrenia. Here we present data on P300 parameters on the same set of auditory and visual tasks in samples of twins, and patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder to examine the P300 as a possible endophenotype. Evidence from the twin study indicated that the auditory, but not visual, P300 amplitude is genetically influenced at centro-parietal sites. Similarly, auditory and to a lesser extent visual P300 amplitude were decreased in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Results indicate that the auditory P300 may serve as an endophenotype for schizophrenia. However, given that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients could not be distinguished on these measures at midline sites, it appears that the P300 may be a marker for functional psychosis in general rather than being specific to schizophrenia.
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Sun J, Maller JJ, Guo L, Fitzgerald PB. Superior temporal gyrus volume change in schizophrenia: a review on region of interest volumetric studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 61:14-32. [PMID: 19348859 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Revised: 03/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Imaging studies of schizophrenia (SCZ) have repeatedly demonstrated volume differences in superior temporal gyrus (STG) and its subregions. Among them, some studies employed the Region of Interest (ROI) method. We carried out a systematic review of the published literature on STG volumetry MRI studies to examine the potential of ROI method for identifying specific structural differences and correlations with clinical variables including hallucinations and thought disorder symptoms in SCZ. Forty-six studies were identified as suitable for review and analysis including 1444 patients with SCZ and 1327 controls. Female and left-handed subjects are under-represented in the literature and insight from sex and handedness differences may be lost. Thirty-five studies reported significant differences in STG or subregional volumes including bilateral or unilateral ROI, and volume reduction was the most common change in SCZ. Thirty studies reported correlations between volume changes and clinical symptoms or syndromes and 18 found positive results. Among them, left STG or subregions appear to be more involved in the generation of hallucinations and thought disorder than right side. The majority of five follow-up studies found evidence of progressive changes in volumes. Clinical heterogeneity, MRI acquisition parameters, anatomical landmarks for ROI, and sample characteristics, are likely to be the main factors leading to heterogeneous results. Clearly this research links pathophysiological changes in the STG with the development of hallucinations and thought disorder in patients with SCZ, especially in the left side. There is a suggestion that these changes may be progressive but this requires more thorough and comprehensive assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, PR China
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Allen AJ, Griss ME, Folley BS, Hawkins KA, Pearlson GD. Endophenotypes in schizophrenia: a selective review. Schizophr Res 2009; 109:24-37. [PMID: 19223268 PMCID: PMC2665704 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Revised: 01/11/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the wealth of data in the literature on schizophrenia endophenotypes, it is useful to have one source to reference their frequency data. We reviewed the literature on disease-liability associated variants in structural and functional magnetic resonance images (MRI), sensory processing measures, neuromotor abilities, neuropsychological measures, and physical characteristics in schizophrenia patients (SCZ), their first-degree relatives (REL), and healthy controls (HC). The purpose of this review was to provide a summary of the existing data on the most extensively published endophenotypes for schizophrenia. METHODS We searched PubMed and MedLine for all studies on schizophrenia endophenotypes comparing SCZ to HC and/or REL to HC groups. Percent abnormal values, generally defined as >2 SD from the mean (in the direction of abnormality) and/or associated effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated for each study. RESULTS Combined, the articles reported an average 39.4% (SD=20.7%; range=2.2-100%) of abnormal values in SCZ, 28.1% (SD=16.6%; range=1.6-67.0%) abnormal values in REL, and 10.2% (SD=6.7%; range=0.0-34.6%) in HC groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings are reviewed in the context of emerging hypotheses on schizophrenia endophenotypes, as well as a discussion of clustering trends among the various intermediate phenotypes. In addition, programs for future research are discussed, as instantiated in a few recent large-scale studies on multiple endophenotypes across patients, relatives, and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyssa J. Allen
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06106,Corresponding Author: Allyssa J. Allen, Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Whitehall Building, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06106, Tel: 860-459-7806, Fax: 860-545-7797,
| | - Mélina E. Griss
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06106
| | - Bradley S. Folley
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06106
| | - Keith A. Hawkins
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Godfrey D. Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living at Hartford Hospital, 200 Retreat Avenue, Hartford, CT 06106,Dept. of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06511
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Renoult L, Prévost M, Brodeur M, Lionnet C, Joober R, Malla A, Debruille JB. P300 asymmetry and positive symptom severity: a study in the early stage of a first episode of psychosis. Schizophr Res 2007; 93:366-73. [PMID: 17498929 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Revised: 03/24/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The amplitude of the P300 event-related potential (ERP) has been reported to be reduced over left compared to right temporal sites in schizophrenia patients. This left temporal P300 reduction has been associated with positive symptom severity and gray matter reduction in the left superior temporal gyrus. We investigated a group of patients with a first episode of schizophrenia spectrum psychosis and a group of normal controls to verify if P300 amplitude asymmetry already exists around the time of presentation for treatment. Relative to normal control subjects, no P300 asymmetry was found in patients. Nevertheless, P300 asymmetry was correlated with the severity of positive symptoms and worse global functioning (GAF), a good predictor of poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Renoult
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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21
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Mucci A, Galderisi S, Kirkpatrick B, Bucci P, Volpe U, Merlotti E, Centanaro F, Catapano F, Maj M. Double dissociation of N1 and P3 abnormalities in deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2007; 92:252-61. [PMID: 17363220 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that the presence of enduring, idiopathic negative symptoms define a group of patients with a disease (deficit schizophrenia, DS) that is separate from other forms of schizophrenia (nondeficit schizophrenia, NDS). Although several findings support this hypothesis, the possibility that DS represents the severe end of a single schizophrenia continuum cannot be excluded yet. We tested the hypothesis that DS and NDS differ relative to event-related potentials (ERPs). Amplitude, scalp topography and cortical sources of the ERP components were assessed in clinically stable DS and NDS outpatients and in matched healthy subjects (HCS). Twenty subjects per group were recruited. Among the subjects who completed the target detection task, there were no group difference in accuracy. For N1, only patients with DS, as compared with HCS, showed an amplitude reduction over the scalp central leads and a reduced current source density in cingulate and parahippocampal gyrus. For P3, only patients with NDS, as compared with HCS, showed a lateralized amplitude reduction over the left posterior regions and reduced current source density in left temporal and bilateral frontal, cingulate and parietal areas. The DS and NDS groups differed significantly from each other with regard to N1 amplitude and topography, as well as P3 amplitude and cortical sources. The N1 was affected in DS but not in NDS patients, whereas P3 was affected in NDS only. This double dissociation is consistent with the hypothesis that DS represents a separate disease entity within schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armida Mucci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Largo Madonna delle Grazie, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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Kunert HJ, Norra C, Hoff P. Theories of delusional disorders. An update and review. Psychopathology 2007; 40:191-202. [PMID: 17337940 DOI: 10.1159/000100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2004] [Accepted: 02/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Delusional syndromes can occur in a number of psychiatric, neurological or other disorders. They can also be caused by neurotoxic agents (e.g., heavy metals) as well as substance addiction. There are several hypotheses on the underlying cognitive or emotional processes associated with organic factors of delusional disorders, depending on the patient groups examined and the methods used. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review and critical assessment of the various, rather heterogeneous theories in this field.
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Debruille JB, Schneider-Schmid A, Dann P, King S, Laporta M, Bicu M. The correlation between positive symptoms and left temporal event-related potentials in the P300 time window is auditory specific and training sensitive. Schizophr Res 2005; 78:117-25. [PMID: 16024225 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2005.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Revised: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/13/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the strongest correlations found between clinical symptoms and a biological index is that between the severity of positive symptoms of schizophrenia and the amplitude of the event-related potential (ERP) in the time window of the P300 deflection at left temporal scalp sites. The functional significance of the ERP component at stake is yet unknown. The present study aims at addressing this issue by testing whether or not the correlation a) is found in both the auditory and the visual modality, b) is restricted to the time window of the P300 deflection, and c) is stable over time. 12 patients suffering from schizophrenia were recorded 6 times at two month intervals in two oddball protocols, an auditory and a visual one. The correlation between the scores for the thought disturbance cluster of the PANSS (a cluster including most positive symptoms, i.e., conceptual disorganization, unusual thought content, grandiosity and hallucinations) and the P300 amplitude at left temporal sites was found 1) to occur only in the auditory modality, which, together with the late timing of the component, constrains its functional significance, 2) to appear in a time window adjacent to that of the P300 including at additional electrode sites, which would have to be confirmed by further studies, 3) to vanish along with the repetition of the recording sessions, which suggests that it is related to a processing difficulty that disappears with training.
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Bagary MS, Hutton SB, Symms MR, Barker GJ, Mutsatsa SH, Barnes TRE, Joyce EM, Ron MA. Structural neural networks subserving oculomotor function in first-episode schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2004; 56:620-7. [PMID: 15522244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2004] [Revised: 07/29/2004] [Accepted: 08/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smooth pursuit and antisaccade abnormalities are well documented in schizophrenia, but their neuropathological correlates remain unclear. METHODS In this study, we used statistical parametric mapping to investigate the relationship between oculomotor abnormalities and brain structure in a sample of first-episode schizophrenia patients (n = 27). In addition to conventional volumetric magnetic resonance imaging, we also used magnetization transfer ratio, a technique that allows more precise tissue characterization. RESULTS We found that smooth pursuit abnormalities were associated with reduced magnetization transfer ratio in several regions, predominantly in the right prefrontal cortex. Antisaccade errors correlated with gray matter volume in the right medial superior frontal cortex as measured by conventional magnetic resonance imaging but not with magnetization transfer ratio. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results demonstrate that specific structural abnormalities are associated with abnormal eye movements in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjinder S Bagary
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queens Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
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