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Arnsrud Godtman R, Hallsberg L, Löf-Öhlin Z, Peeker R, Delbro D. Constitutive expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in healthy rat urothelium? Scand J Urol 2021; 55:493-497. [PMID: 34689710 DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2021.1948097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrasting findings have been reported regarding a possible constitutive expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a normal mammalian bladder. The current study was designed to further investigate such putative iNOS expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiments were conducted with paraffin-embedded archival material from the urinary bladder of 6 normal, male Sprague-Dawley rats. In addition, two normal female mice (C57BL/6) were sacrificed and the urinary bladders were harvested. The occurrence of iNOS mRNA was examined by the RNAScope in situ hybridization method. Protein expression of iNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine (the latter used as an indicator of oxidative stress) was investigated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS No expression of iNOS mRNA was observed in the bladder tissue. iNOS protein and 3-nitrotyrosine were strongly expressed in the urothelium. iNOS was also expressed perinuclearly in the detrusor. CONCLUSIONS Although the RNAScope methodology could not demonstrate mRNA for iNOS in the normal urinary bladder, the results by immunohistochemistry strongly suggest the occurrence of iNOS in particular, in the urothelium. Positive reactivity for 3-nitrotyrosine may indicate ongoing oxidative stress of the urothelium. The finding of perinuclear iNOS immunoreactivity could suggest an intracrine signaling function by iNOS to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Arnsrud Godtman
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Hallsberg
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zarah Löf-Öhlin
- The Clinical Research Laboratory, Örebro University Hospital, Region Örebro County, Örebro, Sweden.,School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ralph Peeker
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dick Delbro
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Expression of NGF, MCP-1, uroplakin III, and NOS in bladder urothelium after partial urethral obstruction in rats. J Pediatr Urol 2020; 16:806.e1-806.e14. [PMID: 32994092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although several cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors have been suggested to play a role in the development of bladder fibrosis and functional changes, the mechanisms that are effective in the pathogenesis of partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO)-induced bladder fibrosis are not well understood. OBJECTIVE We investigated the expressions of nerve growth factor (NGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), uroplakin III (URPIII), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS) that may be involved in fibrosis in rats with partial urethral obstruction for 1, 2 and 3 weeks, and the changes in the associated ischemic and inflammatory processes. After 1, 2, and 3 weeks of pBOO, blood samples were collected for assessment of renal function from the rats under anesthesia. The bladders were dissected for the tissue antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation, including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS). The immunohistochemical studies were performed. Histopathologically, the number of urothelial layers was calculated and the thickness of the detrusor smooth muscle and lamina propria were quantitatively measured. Additionally, the edema and congestion in the submucosa were evaluated. STUDY DESIGN Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Three separate experimental groups of pBOO (1 week [n = 7], 2 weeks [n = 7], and 3 weeks [n = 7]) were created, with an additional sham-operated control group (n = 7). RESULTS The MDA levels increased in pBOO groups. The SOD values were decreased in the pBOO group for 1 week, and higher in the 3-week pBOO group. The TAS levels were increased in the 3 week pBOO group. The TOS levels increased in the pBOO groups. The number of urothelial layers was decreased in pBOO groups. The lamina propria, the smooth muscle thickness, edema and congestion were increase in the 1 and 2 week pBOO groups. The NGF and MCP-1 expression was increased in the 1-week and 2-week pBOO groups. The expression of URPIII in the epithelium gradually increased in the pBOO groups. In the pBOO groups, iNOS expression in the epithelium cells was significantly elevated. However, the eNOS expression was also significantly increased in the 2 week pBOO group. CONCLUSION Our study shows that overexpression of immunohistochemical parameters together with the negative effects of ischemic and inflammatory processes that subjected to pBOO for 1, 2 and 3 weeks may play a potential role in detrusor fibrosis in the rat bladders induced by pBOO. However, understanding of the immunohistochemical parameters investigated in this experimental study is limited, and further studies targeting their relationship to pBOO could help us develop new strategies.
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Musicki B, Anele UA, Campbell JD, Karakus S, Shiva S, Silva FH, Burnett AL. Dysregulated NO/PDE5 signaling in the sickle cell mouse lower urinary tract: Reversal by oral nitrate therapy. Life Sci 2019; 238:116922. [PMID: 31634463 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Nitric oxide (NO) has a critical, but not well understood, influence in the physiology of the lower urinary tract. We evaluated the effect of NO/phosphodiesterase (PDE)5 signaling in voiding dysfunction in the sickle cell disease (SCD) mouse, characterized by low NO bioavailability. MAIN METHODS Adult SCD (Sickle) and wild-type (WT) male mice were treated daily with sodium nitrate (10 mM) or vehicle. After 18 days, blood was obtained for nitrite measurement, urethra was collected for organ bath study, and bladder and urethra were collected for Western blot analysis of PDE5 phosphorylation (Ser-92) (activated form). Non-anesthetized mice underwent evaluation of urine volume by void spot assay. eNOS phosphorylation (Ser-1177) and nNOS phosphorylation (Ser-1412) (positive regulatory sites) were evaluated in the bladder and urethra of untreated mice. KEY FINDINGS Sickle mice exhibited decreased eNOS, nNOS, and PDE5 phosphorylation in the bladder and urethra, decreased plasma nitrite levels, increased relaxation of phenylephrine-contracted urethral tissue to an NO donor sodium nitroprusside, and increased total urine volume, compared with WT mice. Nitrate treatment normalized plasma nitrite levels, relaxation of urethra to sodium nitroprusside, PDE5 phosphorylation in the urethra and bladder, and urine volume in Sickle mice. SIGNIFICANCE Derangement in PDE5 activity associated with basally low NO bioavailability in the bladder and urethra contributes to the molecular basis for voiding abnormalities in Sickle mice. Inorganic nitrate supplementation normalized voiding in Sickle mice through mechanisms likely involving upregulation of PDE5 activity. These findings suggest that interventions targeting dysregulatory NO/PDE5 signaling may ameliorate overactive bladder in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Musicki
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Uzoma A Anele
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Campbell
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Serkan Karakus
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Fabio H Silva
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arthur L Burnett
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zhao H, Kim HH. The Complex Relationship Between Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Sexual Health. Curr Urol Rep 2019; 20:58. [DOI: 10.1007/s11934-019-0930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Han JS, Kim SJ, Nam Y, Lee HY, Kim GM, Kim DM, Sohn UD. The Inhibitory Mechanism on Acetylcholine-Induced Contraction of Bladder Smooth Muscle in the Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:101-106. [PMID: 30419634 PMCID: PMC6319557 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most diabetic patients experience diabetic mellitus (DM) urinary bladder dysfunction. A number of studies evaluate bladder smooth muscle contraction in DM. In this study, we evaluated the change of bladder smooth muscle contraction between normal rats and DM rats. Furthermore, we used pharmacological inhibitors to determine the differences in the signaling pathways between normal and DM rats. Rats in the DM group received an intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin and measured blood glucose level after 14 days to confirm DM. Bladder smooth muscle contraction was induced using acetylcholine (ACh, 10⁻⁴ M). The materials such as, atropine (a muscarinic receptor antagonist), U73122 (a phospholipase C inhibitor), DPCPX (an adenosine A₁ receptor antagonist), udenafil (a PDE5 inhibitor), prazosin (an α₁-receptor antagonist), papaverine (a smooth muscle relaxant), verapamil (a calcium channel blocker), and chelerythrine (a protein kinase C inhibitor) were pre-treated in bladder smooth muscle. We found that the DM rats had lower bladder smooth muscle contractility than normal rats. When prazosin, udenafil, verapamil, and U73122 were pre-treated, there were significant differences between normal and DM rats. Taken together, it was concluded that the change of intracellular Ca²⁺ release mediated by PLC/IP3 and PDE5 activity were responsible for decreased bladder smooth muscle contractility in DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soo Han
- Signaling and Pharmacological Activity Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Signaling and Pharmacological Activity Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjin Nam
- Signaling and Pharmacological Activity Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Yeong Lee
- Signaling and Pharmacological Activity Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Min Kim
- Signaling and Pharmacological Activity Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Min Kim
- Signaling and Pharmacological Activity Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- Signaling and Pharmacological Activity Research Lab, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Han JS, Min YS, Kim GH, Chae SH, Nam Y, Lee J, Lee SY, Sohn UD. The change of signaling pathway on the electrical stimulated contraction in streptozotocin-induced bladder dysfunction of rats. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:577-584. [PMID: 30181704 PMCID: PMC6115354 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.5.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bladder dysfunction is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, there have been a few studies evaluating bladder smooth muscle contraction in DM in the presence of pharmacological inhibitors. In the present study, we compared the contractility of bladder smooth muscle from normal rats and DM rats. Furthermore, we utilized pharmacological inhibitors to delineate the mechanisms underlying bladder muscle differences between normal and DM rats. DM was established in 14 days after using a single injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Bladder smooth muscle contraction was induced electrically using electrical field stimulation consisting of pulse trains at an amplitude of 40 V and pulse duration of 1 ms at frequencies of 2–10 Hz. In this study, the pharmacological inhibitors atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist), U73122 (phospholipase C inhibitor), DPCPX (adenosine A1 receptor antagonist), udenafil (PDE5 inhibitor), prazosin (α1-receptor antagonist), verapamil (calcium channel blocker), and chelerythrine (protein kinase C inhibitor) were used to pretreat bladder smooth muscles. It was found that the contractility of bladder smooth muscles from DM rats was lower than that of normal rats. In addition, there were significant differences in percent change of contractility between normal and DM rats following pretreatment with prazosin, udenafil, verapamil, and U73122. In conclusion, we suggest that the decreased bladder muscle contractility in DM rats was a result of perturbations in PLC/IP3-mediated intracellular Ca2+ release and PDE5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soo Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Young Sil Min
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Convergence Science and Technology, Jung Won University, Goesan 28054, Korea
| | - Gil Hyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Chae
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Yoonjin Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Jaehwi Lee
- Pharmaceutical Formulation Design Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
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Linhares BL, Nascimento NRF, Gonzaga-Silva LF, Santos CF, Moraes MO, Marinho LB, Silva APG, Fonteles MC, Reges R. Effect of co-administration of two different phosphodiesterase inhibitors and a β3-adrenoceptor agonist in an experimental model of detrusor overactivity. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:425-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Modulation of lower urinary tract smooth muscle contraction and relaxation by the urothelium. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 391:675-694. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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9
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Pereira ML, D'ancona CAL, Rojas-Moscoso JA, Ramos ACS, Monica FZ, Antunes E. Effects of nitric oxide inhibitors in mice with bladder outlet obstruction. Int Braz J Urol 2017; 43:356-366. [PMID: 28328190 PMCID: PMC5433376 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2015.0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the lower urinary tract changes in mice treated with L-NAME, a non-selective competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), or aminoguanidine, a competitive inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), after 5 weeks of partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), in order to evaluate the role of constitutive and non-constitutive NOS in the pathogenesis of this experimental condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL6 male mice were partially obstructed and randomly allocated into 6 groups: Sham, Sham + L-NAME, Sham + aminoguanidine, BOO, BOO + L-NAME and BOO + aminoguanidine. After 5 weeks, bladder weight was obtained and cystometry and tissue bath contractile studies were performed. RESULTS BOO animals showed increase of non-voiding contractions (NVC) and bladder capacity, and also less contractile response to Carbachol and Electric Field Stimulation. Inhibition of NOS isoforms improved bladder capacity and compliance in BOO animals. L-NAME caused more NVC, prevented bladder weight gain and leaded to augmented contractile responses at muscarinic and electric stimulation. Aminoguanidine diminished NVC, but did not avoid bladder weight gain in BOO animals and did not improve contractile responses. CONCLUSION It can be hypothesized that chronic inhibition of three NOS isoforms in BOO animals leaded to worsening of bladder function, while selective inhibition of iNOS did not improve responses, what suggests that, in BOO animals, alterations are related to constitutive NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcy Lancia Pereira
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | - Fabiola Zakia Monica
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brasil
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Gumrah A, Tanidir Y, Tinay I, Ozyurek M, Tarcan T. The effect of doxazosin and sildenafil citrate combination on bladder tissue contractility, alpha adrenergic receptor, and iNOS subtype expression in a male rat model of partially bladder outlet obstruction. Neurourol Urodyn 2016; 36:1479-1487. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkadir Gumrah
- Department of Urology; Marmara University School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Yiloren Tanidir
- Department of Urology; Marmara University School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ilker Tinay
- Department of Urology; Marmara University School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozyurek
- Ergun Özalp Basic Research Laboratory; Marmara University School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Tufan Tarcan
- Department of Urology; Marmara University School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
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Michel MC, Igawa Y. Therapeutic targets for overactive bladder other than smooth muscle. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:687-705. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1009447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhang X, Alwaal A, Lin G, Li H, Zaid UB, Wang G, Wang L, Banie L, Ning H, Lin CS, Guo Y, Zhou L, Lue TF. Urethral musculature and innervation in the female rat. Neurourol Urodyn 2015; 35:382-9. [PMID: 25597596 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The urethral sphincter and urethral muscle innervation are critically involved in maintaining continence, especially in the female. However, the urethral muscle type and distribution, as well as the urethral nerves are far from being well documented. Our aim was to clearly identify the distribution of urethral striated muscle, smooth muscle, and urethral nerves. METHODS In a cohort analysis of 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats, cross and longitudinal sections of female rat urethra were extensively investigated using morphological techniques. Urethras were harvested to the sections, in order to provide both global and detailed visions of the urethra. H&E, Masson's Trichrome, phalloidin and immunoflourence stains were used. The cytoarchitecture, nitrergic, and cholinergic innervations were mainly investigated. Different layers of the segments of urethra were traced to draw curve graphs that represent the thickness of each muscle layer of urethral wall. RESULTS The results showed that the primary peak of striated muscle is in the middle urethra. The inner layer close to mucosa was found to contain longitudinal smooth muscle. Near the bladder orifice, the circular smooth muscle dominates, which becomes thinner distally throughout the rest of urethra. In the middle urethra the vast majority of the urethral muscle are circularly oriented striated muscle cells. Typical nerve endings were present in high power images to show the different characteristic features of nerve innervation. CONCLUSIONS This study has illustrated the detailed morphological structure and innervations of the normal female rat urethra and can serve as a basis for further study of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and the Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Amjad Alwaal
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Guiting Lin
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Huixi Li
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Uwais B Zaid
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Guifang Wang
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and the Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lia Banie
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Hongxiu Ning
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ching-Shwun Lin
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Yinglu Guo
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and the Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital and the Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tom F Lue
- Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Sancho M, Ferrero JJ, Triguero D, Torres M, Garcia-Pascual A. Altered neuronal and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the bladder and urethra of cyclophosphamide-treated rats. Nitric Oxide 2014; 39:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Gamé X, Rischmann P, Arnal JF, Malavaud B. Voie du monoxyde d’azote et bas appareil urinaire féminin. Rôles physiologique et physiopathologique. Prog Urol 2013; 23:926-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Andersson KE, Fullhase C, Soler R, Guimaraes Souza NK. Update on Uropharmacology: Bladder Dysfunction, Nitric Oxide, and Reactive Oxygen Species. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-010-0057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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MASUDA H, YANO M, ICHIYANAGI N, KIHARA K. Significance of Nitric Oxide and its Modulation Mechanisms in Micturition Disorders. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1757-5672.2009.00033.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Biochemical alterations in partial bladder outlet obstruction in mice: up-regulation of the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway. J Urol 2009; 181:1926-31. [PMID: 19237171 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We evaluated the effect of partial bladder outlet obstruction on bladder weight, protein synthesis, mitotic markers and the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway in a mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were divided into 3 groups, including control, sham treated and partially obstructed. Bladders were harvested from the mice in the partially obstructed group 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours after surgical partial outlet obstruction, respectively. Partially obstructed bladders were compared to bladders in the control and sham treated groups by weight, protein content, and expression of proliferating cellular nuclear antigen, cyclin D3, HsP 70, c-jun and phosphorylated c-jun. Bladders were examined histologically for changes occurring with partial obstruction. RESULTS We tested 3 groups of mice, including control, sham treated and partially obstructed mice, to understand the pathophysiology of the bladder response to partial obstruction. We found no statistical difference in body weight among the groups. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in bladder weight and protein content in partially obstructed mice compared to those in controls and sham operated mice. There was up-regulation of proliferating cellular nuclear antigen, cyclin D3, HsP70, c-jun and phosphorylated c-jun with partial obstruction. Fibrosis was prominent at 168 hours compared to that in controls. CONCLUSIONS Bladder weight and protein content increase with partial bladder outlet obstruction in mice. Cell cycle proteins and elements of the mitogen activated protein kinase pathway are up-regulated during this process.
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Mónica FZT, Bricola AAO, Báu FR, Freitas LLL, Teixeira SA, Muscará MN, Abdalla FMF, Porto CS, De Nucci G, Zanesco A, Antunes E. Long-term nitric oxide deficiency causes muscarinic supersensitivity and reduces beta(3)-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation, causing rat detrusor overactivity. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153:1659-68. [PMID: 18297104 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Overactive bladder is a complex and widely prevalent condition, but little is known about its physiopathology. We have carried out morphological, biochemical and functional assays to investigate the effects of long-term nitric oxide (NO) deficiency on muscarinic receptor and beta-adrenoceptor modulation leading to overactivity of rat detrusor muscle. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Wistar rats received N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) in drinking water for 7-30 days. Functional responses to muscarinic and beta-adrenoceptor agonists were measured in detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) strips in Krebs-Henseleit solution. Measurements of [(3)H]inositol phosphate, NO synthase (NOS) activity, [(3)H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([(3)H]QNB) binding and bladder morphology were also performed. KEY RESULTS Long-term L-NAME treatment significantly increased carbachol-induced DSM contractile responses after 15 and 30 days; relaxing responses to the beta(3)-adrenoceptor agonist BRL 37-344 were significantly reduced at 30 days. Constitutive NOS activity in bladder was reduced by 86% after 7 days and maintained up to 30 days of L-NAME treatment. Carbachol increased sixfold the [(3)H]inositol phosphate in bladder tissue from rats treated with L-NAME. [(3)H]QNB was bound with an apparent K(D) twofold higher in bladder membranes after L-NAME treatment compared with that in control. No morphological alterations in DSM were found. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Long-term NO deficiency increased rat DSM contractile responses to a muscarinic agonist, accompanied by significantly enhanced K(D) values for muscarinic receptors and [(3)H]inositol phosphate accumulation in bladder. This supersensitivity for muscarinic agonists along with reductions of beta(3)-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxations indicated that overactive DSM resulted from chronic NO deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z T Mónica
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Masuda H. Significance of nitric oxide and its modulation mechanisms by endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and arginase in the micturition disorders and erectile dysfunction. Int J Urol 2008; 15:128-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2007.01973.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Scheepe JR, de Jong BWD, Wolffenbuttel KP, Arentshorst ME, Lodder P, Kok DJ. The effect of oxybutynin on structural changes of the obstructed guinea pig bladder. J Urol 2007; 178:1807-12. [PMID: 17707007 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.03.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxybutynin is used clinically to lower intravesical pressure and detrusor overactivity. In vitro it inhibits stretch induced bladder smooth muscle cell proliferation. We tested whether oxybutynin also prevents hypertrophic bladder changes in vivo in a model of partial bladder obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subvesical obstruction was induced in immature guinea pigs by a silver ring around the urethra. Eight animals received 0.4 mg oxybutynin per kg body weight per day in 2 doses. Control groups were obstructed without oxybutynin treatment or sham operated. Urodynamic pressure flow studies were performed at 1-week intervals for 10 weeks in all animals under anesthesia with ketamine/xylazine. After 10 weeks the animals were sacrificed and the bladder was removed for structural analysis with periodic acid-Schiff stain, in which the number of glycogen granules was also scored as a measure of previous ischemia. RESULTS Compared to the sham treated group obstructed animals had significantly higher intravesical pressure and detrusor overactivity, lower compliance and increased contractility. Obstructed animals that received oxybutynin retained normal intravesical pressure, detrusor overactivity and compliance. Their bladder contractility increased as in obstructed animals. The oxybutynin group showed less collagen infiltration in the detrusor and fewer glycogen granules compared to those in obstructed animals. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that oxybutynin has a protective effect on bladder function and structure. Prevention of hypertrophic and ischemic bladder changes is an argument for an early start of oxybutynin treatment in children with inborn neurogenic bladder dysfunction, such as spina bifida, or in patients with urethral valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen R Scheepe
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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de Vente J, Markerink-van Ittersum M, Gillespie JI. Natriuretic peptide responsive, cyclic guanosine monophosphate producing structures in the guinea pig bladder. J Urol 2007; 177:1191-4. [PMID: 17296443 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2006.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the localization of natriuretic peptide responsive, cyclic guanosine monophosphate producing cells in the guinea pig bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS The bladder was removed from male guinea pigs sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The lateral wall of the bladder was cut into strips 2 mm thick. The tissue pieces were incubated in the presence of human atrial natriuretic peptide, rat brain natriuretic peptide and C-type natriuretic peptide or the nitric oxide donor DEANO (diethylamine NONOate or 1,1-diethyl-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazine) (Sigma). Cyclic guanosine monophosphate immunoreactivity was localized using an antibody against formaldehyde fixed cyclic guanosine monophosphate. RESULTS Atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide stimulated cyclic guanosine monophosphate synthesis in suburothelial interstitial cells, whereas C-type natriuretic peptide was not effective. In contrast, DEANO stimulated cyclic guanosine monophosphate synthesis in urothelial umbrella cells, suburothelial interstitial cells, muscle interstitial cells and neurons. The effect of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide was not inhibited by ODQ (1H-[1, 2, 4]oxadiazolo[4-3a]quinoxalin-1-one), an inhibitor of nitric oxide responsive soluble guanylyl cyclase. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge our findings show for the first time a localized effect of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide to the suburothelial cells of the guinea pig bladder. These cells express the soluble guanylyl cyclase and particulate guanylyl cyclase-A isoforms. The specific physiological role of these cells is not known but it was suggested that they may be involved in the generation or modulation of sensation. The results imply a role for natriuretic peptide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling in the processing of sensory information in the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J de Vente
- European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.
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Aikawa K, Chichester P, Whitbeck C, Levin RM. Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on changes induced by estradiol in bladders from ovariectomized rabbits. Urol Int 2005; 75:133-8. [PMID: 16123567 DOI: 10.1159/000087167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2004] [Accepted: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our current study was designed to determine whether estradiol-induced increases in bladder blood flow could be inhibited by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and thus whether nitric oxide was involved in estrogen-linked female bladder blood flow alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen female New Zealand White rabbits were separated into 4 groups of 4 rabbits each. (1) Sham group received sham operation and injections of vehicle (peanut oil). (2) Ovariectomy (OVX) group received ovariectomies and injections of vehicle. (3) Ovariectomy+estrogen (OVX+E) group received ovariectomy and injections of 17beta-estradiol (1 mg/kg) dissolved in peanut oil. (4) Ovariectomy+estradiol+L-NAME (OVX+E+L-NAME) group received ovariectomies and injections of 17beta-estradiol and L-NAME. All treatments were continued for 4 weeks. At 4 weeks after treatment, each rabbit was anesthetized and cystometries were performed. After cystometry, blood flow to the detrusor muscle and mucosa was determined by standard fluorescent microsphere infusion technique. Then four longitudinal detrusor strips and two rings of descending thoracic aorta were mounted in individual 15 ml baths containing oxygenated Tyrode's solution at 37 degrees C. Contractile responses to several agents were determined. Full-thickness sections of detrusor were fixed and embedded in paraffin for alpha-actin immunostaining. RESULTS In the bladder: (1) Estradiol resulted in an increases in bladder weight and blood flow; L-NAME inhibited these increases. (2) OVX resulted in a decreased cystometric capacity; estradiol resulted in increased capacity which was attenuated by L-NAME treatment. (3) OVX resulted in significantly decreased contractile responses to all forms of stimulation; estradiol resulted in significantly increased contractile responses which were attenuated by L-NAME treatment. (4) OVX resulted in a significant decrease in the volume-fraction of smooth muscle in the detrusor; estradiol resulted in a significant increase which was attenuated by L-NAME. CONCLUSIONS These findings strongly support the hypothesis that nitric oxide plays a major role in the alterations in blood flow mediated by changing circulating estrogen and that these changes mediate at least in part the cystometric and contractile changes induced by alterations in circulating estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Aikawa
- Division of Basic and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, NY 12208-3492, USA
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Poladia DP, Bauer JA. Oxidant driven signaling pathways during diabetes: role of Rac1 and modulation of protein kinase activity in mouse urinary bladder. Biochimie 2005; 86:543-51. [PMID: 15388231 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2004.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Revised: 07/08/2004] [Accepted: 07/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary bladder dysfunction is a complication in diabetes but the mechanisms involved are undefined. Here, we investigated roles of oxidative stress and oxidant driven signaling pathways in a murine model of diabetes, with an emphasis on urothelial vs. smooth muscle regional changes. METHODS Mice were dosed with streptozotocin (150 mg/kg) or vehicle and studied at 5 weeks. Functional changes were assessed by in vitro cystometry. Immunohistochemical methods and automated digital imaging was used for morphometric and histochemical analysis of bladder tissue regions. RESULTS We detected significant increases in protein 3-nitrotyrosine in both urothelium and smooth muscle regions during diabetes, demonstrating an increased prevalence of reactive nitrogen species. In light of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms as potential contributors to increased protein nitration, all three NOS isoforms were studied; region specific increases in NOS1 (urothelium and smooth muscle), NOS2 (urothelium only) but no alterations in NOS3 isoform were detected during diabetes. In contrast, p21-Rac1 (coordinating protein of NADPH oxidase) was significantly increased only in smooth muscle (diabetic vs. controls). We also investigated phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, p38 and Akt using immunohistochemical techniques; each of these was increased during diabetes but with different distributions in the two major regions of bladder tissues viz the smooth muscle and urothelium. CONCLUSIONS The STZ mouse model of diabetes exhibits bladder dysfunction and structural changes similar to human. Reactive nitrogen species formation occurs in this setting and region specific assessments also revealed that urothelial changes and smooth muscle changes are discrete with respect to mechanisms of reactive nitrogen species (increased production of NO vs. superoxide anion) and activation of oxidant related stress signaling pathways.
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Yang Y, Liu X, Long Y, Wang F, Ding JH, Liu SY, Sun YH, Yao HH, Wang H, Wu J, Hu G. Systematic administration of iptakalim, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, prevents rotenone-induced motor and neurochemical alterations in rats. J Neurosci Res 2005; 80:442-9. [PMID: 15795934 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that iptakalim, a novel ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, has a significant neuroprotective function against ischemia in vivo or rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. To investigate the potential pharmaceutical benefit of ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers on neurodegenerative diseases, we studied the effects of iptakalim and diazoxide, a selective mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, on the rotenone-induced nigrostriatal degeneration in rats. Iptakalim (1.5 mg/kg/day, orally) or diazoxide (1.5 mg/kg/day, orally) alone was administered to rats for 3 days, and then for 4 weeks was used daily with an injection of rotenone (2.5 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously) 1 hr later each time. The results showed that rotenone-infused rats exhibited parkinsonian symptoms and had dopamine depletion in the striatum and substantia nigra. Pretreatment with iptakalim or diazoxide prevented rotenone-induced catalepsy and the reduction of striatum dopamine contents. Moreover, iptakalim and diazoxide reduced the enzymatic activities and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase elicited by chronic administration of rotenone. These neuroprotective effects of iptakalim and diazoxide were abolished by 5-hydroxydecanoate, a selective mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker. In conclusion, our data suggested that mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels might play a key role in preventing both parkinsonian symptoms and neurochemistry alterations induced by rotenone in rats. The selective activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels may provide a new therapeutic strategy for prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Andersson KE, Wein AJ. Pharmacology of the lower urinary tract: basis for current and future treatments of urinary incontinence. Pharmacol Rev 2005; 56:581-631. [PMID: 15602011 DOI: 10.1124/pr.56.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The lower urinary tract constitutes a functional unit controlled by a complex interplay between the central and peripheral nervous systems and local regulatory factors. In the adult, micturition is controlled by a spinobulbospinal reflex, which is under suprapontine control. Several central nervous system transmitters can modulate voiding, as well as, potentially, drugs affecting voiding; for example, noradrenaline, GABA, or dopamine receptors and mechanisms may be therapeutically useful. Peripherally, lower urinary tract function is dependent on the concerted action of the smooth and striated muscles of the urinary bladder, urethra, and periurethral region. Various neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, noradrenaline, adenosine triphosphate, nitric oxide, and neuropeptides, have been implicated in this neural regulation. Muscarinic receptors mediate normal bladder contraction as well as at least the main part of contraction in the overactive bladder. Disorders of micturition can roughly be classified as disturbances of storage or disturbances of emptying. Failure to store urine may lead to various forms of incontinence, the main forms of which are urge and stress incontinence. The etiology and pathophysiology of these disorders remain incompletely known, which is reflected in the fact that current drug treatment includes a relatively small number of more or less well-documented alternatives. Antimuscarinics are the main-stay of pharmacological treatment of the overactive bladder syndrome, which is characterized by urgency, frequency, and urge incontinence. Accepted drug treatments of stress incontinence are currently scarce, but new alternatives are emerging. New targets for control of micturition are being defined, but further research is needed to advance the pharmacological treatment of micturition disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Erik Andersson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
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Gillespie JI, Markerink-van Ittersum M, de Vente J. Expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and nitric-oxide-induced changes in cGMP in the urothelial layer of the guinea pig bladder. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 321:341-51. [PMID: 15965654 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-005-1151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The urothelium plays a sensory role responding to deformation of the bladder wall; this involves the release of adenosine trisphosphate (ATP) and nitric oxide (NO), which affect afferent nerve discharge and bladder sensation. The urothelial cells responsible for producing ATP and NO and the cellular targets, other than afferent nerves, for ATP and NO remain largely unexplored. Sub-urothelial interstitial cells (SU-ICs) lie immediately below the urothelium and respond to NO with a rise in cGMP. To determine which cells might target SU-ICs by producing NO, areas of dome, lateral wall and base wall were treated with isobutyl-methyl-xanthine, exposed to the NO donor diethylamino NONOate and then fixed for immunohistochemistry. Surface urothelial cells (SUCs) in the base and dome expressed neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), whereas those in the lateral wall did not. Distinct populations of SUCs were present in the bladder base. SUCs with significant amounts of nNOS lay adjacent to cells with low levels of nNOS. In specific base regions, the few SUCs present contained nNOS within discrete intracellular particles. In the basal urothelial cell (BUC) layer of the lateral wall, nNOS-positive (NOS(+)) BUCs neither showed an elevation in cGMP in response to NO, nor expressed the beta1 sub-unit of soluble guanylate cyclase, protein kinase I or protein kinase II. Thus, they produced but did not respond to NO. The BUC layer also stained for the stem cell factor c-Kit suggesting its involvement in urothelial cell development. No NOS(+) BUCs were present in the SUC-sparse region in the bladder base. Exogenous NO produced an elevation in cGMP in SUCs and SU-ICs. The distribution and proportion of these target cells varied between the dome, lateral wall and base. cGMP(+) SU-ICs were present as a dense layer in the bladder base but were rarely seen in the lateral wall, which contained nNOS(+) BUCs. No nNOS(+) BUCs and cGMP(+) SU-ICs were apparent in the dome. The degree of complexity in nNOS distribution and NO target cells is therefore greater than has previously been described and may reflect distinct physiological functions that have yet to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Gillespie
- The Urophysiology Research Group, School of Surgical and Reproductive Sciences, The Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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Birder LA, Wolf-Johnston A, Buffington CA, Roppolo JR, de Groat WC, Kanai AJ. Altered inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in the bladder of cats with feline interstitial cystitis. J Urol 2005; 173:625-9. [PMID: 15643277 DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000145900.22849.1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alterations in nitric oxide (NO) levels have been demonstrated in some humans with interstitial cystitis (IC) as well as in chemically induced animal models of cystitis. Thus, in the current study we investigated whether inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mediated NO production is altered in the bladder of cats with a naturally occurring model of IC termed feline IC (FIC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined iNOS expression using Western immunoblotting and baseline NO production using an NO microsensor from smooth muscle and mucosal bladder strips in 9 healthy cats and 6 diagnosed with FIC. RESULTS There was a significant increase in baseline NO production in cats with FIC compared with that in healthy cats in smooth muscle and mucosal strips. This production was not ablated in the absence of extracellular Ca (100 microM egtazic acid) or following incubation with the calmodulin antagonist trifluoroperazine (20 microM), indicating iNOS mediated Ca independent NO production. Release was significantly decreased following incubation with the NOS antagonist L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) (100 microM). Furthermore, immunoblotting revealed a trend toward increased iNOS expression in smooth muscle and mucosal strips from FIC cats but not from healthy cats. CONCLUSIONS In light of previous findings that the barrier property of the urothelial surface is disrupted in FIC and iNOS mediated increase in NO alters barrier function in other types of epithelium our findings suggest that iNOS dependent NO production may have a role in epithelial barrier dysfunction in FIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Birder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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Ho MH, Bhatia NN, Khorram O. Physiologic role of nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase in female lower urinary tract. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2005; 16:423-9. [PMID: 15353953 DOI: 10.1097/00001703-200410000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In recent years nitric oxide (NO) has gained increasing recognition as an important neurotransmitter and cell signaling molecule with a broad range of functions in the lower urinary tract. This review discusses recently published data related to the physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of NO and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the female lower urinary tract. RECENT FINDINGS Expression of three isoforms of NOS, namely endothelial NOS, neuronal NOS and inducible NOS, has been identified in various tissues of the lower urinary tract in animals and humans. In addition to its relaxation effects on bladder and urethra, NO also serves as a neurotransmitter in the lower urinary tract. The physiologic roles of NO in overactive bladder, bladder outlet obstruction, diabetic cystopathy, interstitial cystitis, and bladder inflammation have been demonstrated. SUMMARY NO plays an important role in the micturition process and in disorders of the lower urinary tract. Improved understanding of the pathophysiologic role of NO/NOS system and of the L-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway may allow us to identify suitable therapeutic targets for lower urinary tract disorders. However, there is a need for further investigation to determine the precise function of NO in human lower urinary tract because most work thus far has been done in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mat H Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Andersson KE, Arner A. Urinary bladder contraction and relaxation: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2004; 84:935-86. [PMID: 15269341 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 607] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The detrusor smooth muscle is the main muscle component of the urinary bladder wall. Its ability to contract over a large length interval and to relax determines the bladder function during filling and micturition. These processes are regulated by several external nervous and hormonal control systems, and the detrusor contains multiple receptors and signaling pathways. Functional changes of the detrusor can be found in several clinically important conditions, e.g., lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and bladder outlet obstruction. The aim of this review is to summarize and synthesize basic information and recent advances in the understanding of the properties of the detrusor smooth muscle, its contractile system, cellular signaling, membrane properties, and cellular receptors. Alterations in these systems in pathological conditions of the bladder wall are described, and some areas for future research are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Erik Andersson
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Johansson R, Persson K. Phenotypic modulation of cultured bladder smooth muscle cells and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2003; 286:R642-8. [PMID: 14656765 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00443.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle is associated with various pathological conditions, including bladder dysfunction. Cytoskeletal dynamics modulate the cell phenotype and were recently shown to be involved in regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). We tested the hypothesis that the cell differentiation status affects iNOS expression, and that iNOS is preferentially expressed in immature dedifferentiated bladder smooth muscle cells (BSMC). Isolated at BSMC were put into different stages of differentiation by serum deprivation on laminin-coated plates in the presence of IGF-I and by interaction with Rho signaling and actin polymerization. iNOS and smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) protein expression were investigated with Western blot analysis. Our results showed iNOS protein in BSMC exposed to interleukin-1 beta (2 ng/ml) + TNF-alpha (50 ng/ml). Growth of BSMC in serum-free medium on laminin in the presence of IGF-I increased SM-MHC expression, whereas cytokine-induced iNOS was inhibited. Disruption of F-actin with latrunculin B (0.5 microM) potentiated iNOS expression and decreased SM-MHC expression. Rho inhibition with C3 (2.5 microg/ml) increased iNOS expression, whereas SM-MHC expression was slightly decreased. Rho-kinase inhibition with Y-27632 (10 microM) mediated a decrease in iNOS and a slight increase in SM-MHC expression. In conclusion, the capacity of BSMC to express iNOS was negatively correlated to differentiation status measured as SM-MHC expression. Actin cytoskeletal dynamics and Rho signaling are involved in regulation of cytokine-induced iNOS expression in BSMC. Phenotypic changes and impairment in actin cytoskeleton formation may potentiate cytokine activation and in turn increase nitric oxide production in the bladder during disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Johansson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden. Rebecka.Johansson@klinfa m.lu.se
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He Y, Imam SZ, Dong Z, Jankovic J, Ali SF, Appel SH, Le W. Role of nitric oxide in rotenone-induced nigro-striatal injury. J Neurochem 2003; 86:1338-45. [PMID: 12950443 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01938.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rotenone, a widely used pesticide, causes a syndrome in rats that mimics, both behaviorally and pathologically, the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. The present study evaluated the role of nitric oxide in rotenone-induced nigro-striatal injury. After administration of rotenone in rats for 40 days, there was a moderate but significant injury of the nigro-striatal pathway indicated by a 47% decrease in striatal dopamine levels and a 28% loss of substantia nigra tyrosine hydroxylase-immunopositive neurons. Furthermore, a significant (37%) increase in the number of cells positive for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase (NADPH-d) in the striatum was observed, accompanied by a 83% increase in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and a significant increase in the production of 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT). There was a significant increase (45%) in the optical density of NADPH-d staining and an increase (72%) in NOS activity in the substantia nigra. Moreover, administration of the neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole significantly attenuated the increased NOS activity and 3-NT production, and provided significant protection against rotenone-induced nigro-striatal injury. Our data suggest that chronic rotenone administration can lead to significant injury to the nigro-striatal system, mediated by increased generation of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Johansson R, Andersson KE, Persson K. Nerve-mediated bladder contraction is impaired by cytokines: involvement of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 476:221-7. [PMID: 12969769 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)02178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the possible involvement of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the effect of cytokines on neuromuscular function in isolated rat bladder strips. Bladder strips were incubated in cell culture medium for 24 h with or without tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)+interleukin-1beta. Mechanical activity in response to electrical field stimulation and carbachol was recorded in organ baths. Both the electrical field stimulation- and carbachol-induced contractions were reduced by the incubation. The electrical field stimulation-induced contraction was significantly further impaired after prolonged exposure to TNF-alpha+interleukin-1beta. This impairment was restored by dexamethasone, the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine and partially by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In contrast, carbachol-induced contractions were not affected by cytokines. iNOS protein expression was detected in cytokine-incubated bladder strips by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that TNF-alpha+interleukin-1beta impaired nerve-mediated bladder contractions. Aminoguanidine, and to some extent BDNF, exerted neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Johansson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Lund University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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