1
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Nascimento-Viana JB, Alcántara-Hernández R, Oliveira-Barros E, Castello Branco LA, Feijó PR, Soares Romeiro LA, Nasciutti LE, Noël F, García-Sáinz JA, Silva CLM. The α1-adrenoceptor-mediated human hyperplastic prostate cells proliferation is impaired by EGF receptor inhibition. Life Sci 2019; 239:117048. [PMID: 31730867 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an aging-related and progressive disease linked to an up-regulation of α1-adrenoceptors. The participation of EGF receptors (EGFR) in the GPCRs' signalosome has been described but so far data about the contribution of these receptors to prostatic stromal hyperplasia are scanty. We isolated and cultured vimentin-positive prostate stromal cells obtained from BPH patients. According to intracellular Ca2+ measurements, cell proliferation and Western blotting assays, these cultured hyperplastic stromal cells express functional α1-adrenoceptors and EGFR, and proliferate in response to the α1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine. Interestingly, in these cells the inhibition of EGFR signaling with GM6001, CRM197, AG1478 or PD98059 was associated with full blockage of α1-adrenoceptor-mediated cell proliferation, while cell treatment with each inhibitor alone did not alter basal cell growth. Moreover, the co-incubation of AG1478 (EGFR inhibitor) with α1A/α1D-adrenoceptor antagonists showed no additive inhibitory effect. These findings highlight a putative role of EGFR signaling to α1-adrenoceptor-mediated human prostate hyperplasia, suggesting that the inhibition of this transactivation cascade could be useful to reduce BPH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliane Oliveira-Barros
- Cell Biology and Development Research Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiza A Castello Branco
- Cell Biology and Development Research Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscilla R Feijó
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Cell Biology and Development Research Program, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - François Noël
- Laboratory of Biochemical and Molecular Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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2
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Liu MC, Chen WH, Chiou CS, Lo WC, Dubey NK, Chen YC, Lai WFT, Yeh SD, Chiang HS, Deng WP. Inhibition of chronic prostate inflammation by hyaluronic acid through an immortalized human prostate stromal cell line model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178152. [PMID: 28558037 PMCID: PMC5448756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common urologic disease among elderly men. A well-established in vitro cell model is required to determine the therapeutic mechanism of BPH inflammation. In this study, we attempted to establish an immortalized human prostate stromal cell line by transfecting with HPV-16 E6/E7 and designated as ihPSC. No significant difference was found in fibroblast-like morphology between primary hPSC and ihPSC. The ihPSC possessed a significantly higher cell proliferation rate than primary hPSC. The prostate-specific markers and proteins including cytoskeleton (α-SMA and vimentin) and smooth muscle (calponin), especially the androgen receptor (AR) were also examined in ihPSC, almost identical to the primary hPSC. To create an in vitro model featuring chronic prostatic inflammation, ihPSC was stimulated with IFN-γ+IL-17 and then treated with the high molecular weight hyaluronic acid hylan G-F 20 as an alternative strategy for inhibiting BPH inflammation. Hylan G-F 20 could dose-dependently diminish the inflammation-induced proliferation in ihPSC. The enhanced expressions of inflammatory molecules including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), inducible nitrogen oxide synthase (iNOS), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were all abolished by hylan G-F 20. For inflammatory signaling, hylan G-F 20 can also diminish the IFN-γ+IL-17-increased expression of iNOS and p65 in ihPSC. These findings suggest that ihPSC could provide a mechanism-based platform for investigating prostate inflammation. The hylan G-F 20 showed strong anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing inflammatory cytokines and signalings in the ihPSC, indicating its therapeutic potentials in BPH treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Che Liu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Hong Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Sheng Chiou
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Cheng Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Chin Chen
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Fu T. Lai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shauh-Der Yeh
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sun Chiang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Win-Ping Deng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Stem Cell Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
- College of Oral medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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3
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Vancauwenberghe E, Noyer L, Derouiche S, Lemonnier L, Gosset P, Sadofsky LR, Mariot P, Warnier M, Bokhobza A, Slomianny C, Mauroy B, Bonnal JL, Dewailly E, Delcourt P, Allart L, Desruelles E, Prevarskaya N, Roudbaraki M. Activation of mutated TRPA1 ion channel by resveratrol in human prostate cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF). Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1851-1867. [PMID: 28277613 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed the effects of resveratrol (RES) on several cancer cells, including prostate cancer (PCa) cell apoptosis without taking into consideration the impact of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is composed of cancer cells, endothelial cells, blood cells, and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), the main source of growth factors. The latter cells might modify in the TME the impact of RES on tumor cells via secreted factors. Recent data clearly show the impact of CAF on cancer cells apoptosis resistance via secreted factors. However, the effects of RES on PCa CAF have not been studied so far. We have investigated here for the first time the effects of RES on the physiology of PCa CAF in the context of TME. Using a prostate cancer CAF cell line and primary cultures of CAF from prostate cancers, we show that RES activates the N-terminal mutated Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel leading to an increase in intracellular calcium concentration and the expression and secretion of growth factors (HGF and VEGF) without inducing apoptosis in these cells. Interestingly, in the present work, we also show that when the prostate cancer cells were co-cultured with CAF, the RES-induced cancer cell apoptosis was reduced by 40%, an apoptosis reduction canceled in the presence of the TRPA1 channel inhibitors. The present work highlights CAF TRPA1 ion channels as a target for RES and the importance of the channel in the epithelial-stromal crosstalk in the TME leading to resistance to the RES-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vancauwenberghe
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Lucile Noyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Sandra Derouiche
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Loïc Lemonnier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Pierre Gosset
- Faculté Libre de Médecine, Laboratoire d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologique du groupement hospitalier de l'Institut Catholique de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laura R Sadofsky
- Cardiovascular and Respiratory Studies, The University of Hull, Castle Hill Hospital, Cottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Mariot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Marine Warnier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Alexandre Bokhobza
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Christian Slomianny
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Brigitte Mauroy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Service d'Urologie de l'hôpital St-Philibert, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bonnal
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Service d'Urologie de l'hôpital St-Philibert, Lille, France
| | - Etienne Dewailly
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Philippe Delcourt
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Laurent Allart
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Emilie Desruelles
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Morad Roudbaraki
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003-PHYCEL-Physiologie Cellulaire, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le cancer, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille I Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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4
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Chen L, Wolff DW, Xie Y, Lin MF, Tu Y. Cyproterone acetate enhances TRAIL-induced androgen-independent prostate cancer cell apoptosis via up-regulation of death receptor 5. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:179. [PMID: 28270124 PMCID: PMC5341373 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Virtually all prostate cancer deaths occur due to obtaining the castration-resistant phenotype after prostate cancer cells escaped from apoptosis and/or growth suppression initially induced by androgen receptor blockade. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was an attractive cancer therapeutic agent due to its minimal toxicity to normal cells and remarkable apoptotic activity in tumor cells. However, most localized cancers including prostate cancer are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis, thereby creating a therapeutic challenge of inducing TRAIL sensitivity in cancer cells. Herein the effects of cyproterone acetate, an antiandrogen steroid, on the TRAIL-induced apoptosis of androgen receptor-negative prostate cancer cells are reported. METHODS Cell apoptosis was assessed by both annexin V/propidium iodide labeling and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage assays. Gene and protein expression changes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot assays. The effect of cyproterone acetate on gene promoter activity was determined by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Cyproterone acetate but not AR antagonist bicalutamide dramatically increased the susceptibility of androgen receptor-negative human prostate cancer PC-3 and DU145 cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis but no effects on immortalized human prostate stromal PS30 cells and human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells. Further investigation of the TRAIL-induced apoptosis pathway revealed that cyproterone acetate exerted its effect by selectively increasing death receptor 5 (DR5) mRNA and protein expression. Cyproterone acetate treatment also increased DR5 gene promoter activity, which could be abolished by mutation of a consensus binding domain of transcription factor CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in the DR5 gene promoter. Cyproterone acetate increases CHOP expression in a concentration and time-dependent manner and endoplasmic reticulum stress reducer 4-phenylbutyrate could block cyproterone acetate-induced CHOP and DR5 up-regulation. More importantly, siRNA silencing of CHOP significantly reduced cyproterone acetate-induced DR5 up-regulation and TRAIL sensitivity in prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows a novel effect of cyproterone acetate on apoptosis pathways in prostate cancer cells and raises the possibility that a combination of TRAIL with cyproterone acetate could be a promising strategy for treating castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA
| | - Dennis W. Wolff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Greenville, SC USA
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA
| | - Ming-Fong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Yaping Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University School of Medicine, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA
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5
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Tanner MJ, Welliver RC, Chen M, Shtutman M, Godoy A, Smith G, Mian BM, Buttyan R. Effects of androgen receptor and androgen on gene expression in prostate stromal fibroblasts and paracrine signaling to prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16027. [PMID: 21267466 PMCID: PMC3022749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is expressed in a subset of prostate stromal cells and functional stromal cell AR is required for normal prostate developmental and influences the growth of prostate tumors. Although we are broadly aware of the specifics of the genomic actions of AR in prostate cancer cells, relatively little is known regarding the gene targets of functional AR in prostate stromal cells. Here, we describe a novel human prostate stromal cell model that enabled us to study the effects of AR on gene expression in these cells. The model involves a genetically manipulated variant of immortalized human WPMY-1 prostate stromal cells that overexpresses wildtype AR (WPMY-AR) at a level comparable to LNCaP cells and is responsive to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) stimulation. Use of WPMY-AR cells for gene expression profiling showed that the presence of AR, even in the absence of DHT, significantly altered the gene expression pattern of the cells compared to control (WPMY-Vec) cells. Treatment of WPMY-AR cells, but not WPMY-Vec control cells, with DHT resulted in further changes that affected the expression of 141 genes by 2-fold or greater compared to vehicle treated WPMY-AR cells. Remarkably, DHT significantly downregulated more genes than were upregulated but many of these changes reversed the initial effects of AR overexpression alone on individual genes. The genes most highly effected by DHT treatment were categorized based upon their role in cancer pathways or in cell signaling pathways (transforming growth factor-β, Wnt, Hedgehog and MAP Kinase) thought to be involved in stromal-epithelial crosstalk during prostate or prostate cancer development. DHT treatment of WPMY-AR cells was also sufficient to alter their paracrine potential for prostate cancer cells as conditioned medium from DHT-treated WPMY-AR significantly increased growth of LNCaP cells compared to DHT-treated WPMY-Vec cell conditioned medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Tanner
- Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - R. Charles Welliver
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Mengqian Chen
- Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Shtutman
- Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Godoy
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Gary Smith
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Badar M. Mian
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Ralph Buttyan
- Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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Shi T, Gaivin RJ, McCune DF, Gupta M, Perez DM. Dominance of the α1B-Adrenergic Receptor and its Subcellular Localization in Human and TRAMP Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2008; 27:27-45. [PMID: 17365508 DOI: 10.1080/10799890601087487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The function and distribution of alpha1-adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes in prostate cancer cells is well characterized. Previous studies have used RNA localization or low-avidity antibodies in tissue or cell lines to determine the alpha1-AR subtype and suggested that the alpha1A-AR is dominant. Two androgen-insensitive, human metastatic cancer cell lines DU145 and PC3 were used as well as the mouse TRAMP C1-C3 primary and clonal cell lines. The density of alpha1-ARs was determined by saturation binding and the distribution of the different alpha1-AR subtypes was examined by competition-binding experiments. In contrast to previous studies, the major alpha1-AR subtype in DU145, PC3 and all of the TRAMP cell lines is the alpha1B-AR. DU145 cells contained 100% of the alpha1B-AR subtype, whereas PC3 cells were composed of 21% alpha1 A-AR and 79% alpha1B-AR. TRAMP cell lines contained between 66% and 79% of the alpha1B-AR with minor fractions of the other two subtypes. Faster doubling time in the TRAMP cell lines correlated with decreasing alpha 1B-AR and increasing alpha1 A- and alpha1D-AR densities. Transfection with EGFP-tagged alpha1B-ARs revealed that localization was mainly intracellular, but the majority of the receptors translocated to the cell surface after extended preincubation (18 hr) with either agonist or antagonist. Localization was confirmed by ligand-binding studies and inositol phosphate assays where prolonged preincubation with either agonist and/or antagonist increased the density and function of alpha 1-ARs, suggesting that the native receptors were mostly intracellular and nonfunctional. Our studies indicate that alpha1B-ARs are the major alpha1-AR subtype expressed in DU145, PC3, and all TRAMP cell lines, but most of the receptor is localized in intracellular compartments in a nonfunctional state, which can be rescued upon prolonged incubation with any ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shi
- The Department of Molecular Cardiology, The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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7
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Shaw A, Attia S, Bushman W. Prostate stromal and urogenital sinus mesenchymal cell lines for investigations of stromal-epithelial interactions. Differentiation 2008; 76:599-605. [PMID: 18462435 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2008.00275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bidirectional signaling between the urogenital sinus epithelium and mesenchyme is an essential element of prostate development that regulates ductal morphogenesis, growth, and differentiation. Comparable interactions between the epithelium and stroma in the adult prostate appear to regulate normal growth homeostasis. Alterations in the stromal-epithelial dialogue that recapitulate features of the mesenchymal-epithelial interactions of development may play a critical role in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia and in the progression of prostate cancer. For this reason, the mesenchymal-epithelial interactions of development are of considerable interest. In this review, we provide an overview of the mesenchymal contribution to rodent prostate development with an emphasis on the stage just before ductal budding (embryonic day 16; E16) and describe the isolation, characterization and utility of a newly established E16 urogenital sinus mesenchymal cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubie Shaw
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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8
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Michelotti GA, Brinkley DM, Morris DP, Smith MP, Louie RJ, Schwinn DA. Epigenetic regulation of human alpha1d-adrenergic receptor gene expression: a role for DNA methylation in Sp1-dependent regulation. FASEB J 2007; 21:1979-93. [PMID: 17384146 PMCID: PMC2279228 DOI: 10.1096/fj.06-7118com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence implicates alpha1-adrenergic receptors (alpha1ARs) as potent regulators of growth pathways. The three alpha1AR subtypes (alpha1aAR, alpha1bAR, alpha1dAR) display highly restricted tissue expression that undergoes subtype switching with many pathological stimuli, the mechanistic basis of which remains unknown. To gain insight into transcriptional pathways governing cell-specific regulation of the human alpha1dAR subtype, we cloned and characterized the alpha1dAR promoter region in two human cellular models that display disparate levels of endogenous alpha1dAR expression (SK-N-MC and DU145). Results reveal that alpha1dAR basal expression is regulated by Sp1-dependent binding of two promoter-proximal GC boxes, the mutation of which attenuates alpha1dAR promoter activity 10-fold. Mechanistically, chromatin immunoprecipitation data demonstrate that Sp1 binding correlates with expression of the endogenous gene in vivo, correlating highly with alpha1dAR promoter methylation-dependent silencing of both episomally expressed reporter constructs and the endogenous gene. Further, analysis of methylation status of proximal GC boxes using sodium bisulfite sequencing reveals differential methylation of proximal GC boxes in the two cell lines examined. Together, the data support a mechanism of methylation-dependent disruption of Sp1 binding in a cell-specific manner resulting in repression of basal alpha1dAR expression.
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MESH Headings
- Azacitidine/analogs & derivatives
- Azacitidine/pharmacology
- Base Sequence
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chromatin/chemistry
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA Methylation
- Decitabine
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Immunoprecipitation
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Sulfites/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Michelotti
- Department of Pharmacology/Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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9
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Shaw A, Papadopoulos J, Johnson C, Bushman W. Isolation and characterization of an immortalized mouse urogenital sinus mesenchyme cell line. Prostate 2006; 66:1347-58. [PMID: 16752376 PMCID: PMC2802279 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stromal-epithelial signaling plays an important role in prostate development and cancer progression. Study of these interactions will be facilitated by the use of suitable prostate cell lines in appropriate model systems. METHODS We have isolated an immortalized prostate mesenchymal cell line from the mouse E16 urogenital sinus (UGS). We characterized its expression of stromal differentiation markers, response to androgen stimulation, ability to induce and participate in prostate morphogenesis, response to Shh stimulation, and interaction with prostate epithelial cells. RESULTS UGSM-2 cells express vimentin and smooth muscle actin, but not the mature smooth muscle markers myosin and desmin. This expression profile is consistent with a myofibroblast phenotype. Unlike other fibroblasts such as 3T3, UGSM-2 cells express androgen receptor mRNA and androgen stimulation increases proliferation. UGSM-2 cells are viable when grafted with embryonic UGS under the renal capsule and participate in glandular morphogenesis, but are not capable of inducing prostate morphogenesis of isolated UGS epithelium. Co-culture of UGSM-2 cells with human BPH-1 cells or co-grafting in vivo results in organized clusters of BPH-1 cells surrounded by a mantle of UGSM-2 cells. UGSM-2 cells are responsive to Sonic hedgehog (Shh), an important signaling factor in prostate development, and mimic the transcriptional response of the intact UGS mesenchyme. In co-cultures with BPH-1, UGSM-2 cells exhibit a robust transcriptional response to Shh secreted by BPH-1. CONCLUSIONS UGSM-2 is a urogenital sinus mesenchyme cell line that can be used to study stromal-epithelial interactions that are important in prostate biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubie Shaw
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | | | - Curtis Johnson
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Wade Bushman
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Diaw L, Roth M, Schwinn DA, d'Alelio ME, Green LJ, Tangrea JA. Characteristics of a human prostate stromal cell line related to its use in a stromal-epithelial coculture model for the study of cancer chemoprevention. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2006; 41:142-8. [PMID: 16153146 DOI: 10.1290/0412079.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An immortalized human prostate stromal cell line (PS30) was previously established using recombinant retrovirus encoding human papillomavirus 16 gene products. In this study, we further characterize this stromal cell line for its potential use in a stromal-epithelial coculture model for prostate cancer prevention. Using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunocytochemistry, we examined expression of androgen receptor (AR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and insulin-like growth factors (IGF) families and their receptors, metalloproteinases (MMP) MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as the cells' ability to respond to the synthetic androgen R1881. The PS30 stromal cells do not express PSA, confirming their stromal origin. They are positive for both AR messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein; however, they do not respond to growth stimulation by the synthetic androgen R1881. The PS30 cells express mRNA for VDR, TGF-betas, IGFs and their receptors, as well as the MMPs. Moreover, they produce significant amounts of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, IGFBP-3, and MMP-2 proteins. Our observations confirm the use of PS30 for the study of stromal-epithelial interactions in the modulation of prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Diaw
- SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute/Advanced Technology Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Sivashanmugam P, Tang L, Daaka Y. Interleukin 6 mediates the lysophosphatidic acid-regulated cross-talk between stromal and epithelial prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:21154-9. [PMID: 15024019 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m313776200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between stromal and epithelial cells is critical for the initiation and progression of prostate cancer, but the molecular determinants responsible for the cross-talk between these two cell types remain largely unknown. Here, we used a co-culture cell assay to identify messengers involved in the cross-talk between human prostate stromal PS30 and epithelial LNCaP cells. Stimulation with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) activates the mitogenic ERK signaling pathway in PS30, but not LNCaP, cells. The co-culture of PS30 and LNCaP cells results in the activation of ERK in LNCaP cells and that is further increased in response to stimulation with LPA. Physiologic relevance of the interaction between PS30 and LNCaP cells is demonstrated using LNCaP xenograft tumor assays. Animals implanted with a mixture of both cell types develop larger tumors with higher frequency compared with those injected with LNCaP cells alone. Conditioned medium transfer experiments reveal the PS30-derived inducing factor is soluble and promotes mitogenic ERK and STAT3 signaling pathways in LNCaP cells. Protein analysis demonstrates that treatment of the PS30 cells with LPA induces synthesis of interleukin 6 (IL-6). Antibody neutralization experiments reveal that IL-6 is responsible for the LPA-induced mitogenic signaling and growth of the LNCaP cells. Our findings reveal that the LPA-regulated secretion of IL-6 is an important messenger linking stromal and epithelial prostate cells, which may be exploited for the effective treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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