1
|
c-Jun phosphorylated by JNK is required for protecting Gli2 from proteasomal-ubiquitin degradation by PGE2-JNK signaling axis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119418. [PMID: 36581088 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway includes canonical and non-canonical activation manners. In colorectal cancer, we have previously shown that PGE2-JNK could initiate non-canonical activation of the Hh signaling pathway. In this study, we showed that c-Jun, a classic substrate of JNK, increased Gli2 protein stability after phosphorylated by PGE2. Suppressing the function of c-Jun or JNK indicated that c-Jun prevents Gli2 from protease degradation caused by PGE2-JNK. Moreoer, we revealed that less ubiquitination of Gli2 was detected in colorectal cancer cells treated with PGE2 while suppression of c-Jun restored the ubiquitination of Gli2. In addition, we observed that suppression of c-Jun significantly decreased Gli2 expression no matter when Gli2 remained in phosphorylation or non-phosphorylation state. These phenomena were recapitulated, when the endpoint of Gli2 expression was replaced by Gli2 ubiquitination. Furthermore, we demonstrated that restricting c-Jun function ablated the PGE2-provoked Hh activity and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. These results elucidated that the evasion of Gli2 with phosphorylation from proteasomal-ubiquitin degradation needed the cooperation of phosphorylated c-Jun by kinase JNK, which contributed to promoting Hh activation and the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. This study provides a theoretical foundation to target PGE2 downstream for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
|
2
|
Dubey S, Mishra N, Goswami N, Siddiqui MQ, Varma AK. Multimodal approach to characterize the tetrameric form of human PML-RBCC domain and ATO-mediated conformational changes. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:468-478. [PMID: 36356867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
RING-B box-coiled coil (RBCC) domain of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) comprises a zinc finger motif that is targeted by arsenic trioxide (ATO) to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) pathogenesis. Preliminary evidence suggests that the PML-RBCC has different functional characteristics, but no structural details have been reported despite its importance in differential expression and cell-cycle regulation. Therefore, the recombinant h-PML-RBCC protein was purified to its homogeneity, and characterized for oligomeric behaviour which indicated that RBCC domain exists as a tetramer in solution. Furthermore, nano-DSF and circular-dichroism demonstrated that the tetrameric form preserves its native conformation along with thermal stability (Tm = 83.2 °C). In-silico-based PML-RBCC structure was used to perform the molecular dynamics simulation for 300 ns in the presence of zinc atoms, which demonstrated the differential dynamic of PML-RBCC tetrameric chains. MMPBSA analysis also indicated the role of hydrophobic interactions that favours stable tetrameric structure of PML-RBCC. ATO-induced secondary and tertiary structure changes were observed in PML-RBCC using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy revealed ATO-induced higher-order oligomerization and aggregation of PML-RBCC. The unique oligomeric nature of the h-PML-RBCC protein and its interactions with ATO will help to understand the mechanism of APL pathogenesis and drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suchita Dubey
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Neha Mishra
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Nabajyoti Goswami
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - M Quadir Siddiqui
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India
| | - Ashok K Varma
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu SZ, Lan YY, Chu CY, Lee YP, Chang HY, Huang BM. Sodium arsenite and dimethylarsenic acid induces apoptosis in OC3 oral cavity cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2022; 27:26. [PMID: 36524366 PMCID: PMC9813566 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although arsenic is an environmental toxicant, arsenic trioxide (ATO) is used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with anticancer effects. Studies have demonstrated oral cancer is in the top 10 cancers in Taiwan. High rate of oral cancers is linked to various behaviors, such as excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco use. Similarly, betel chewing is a strong risk factor in oral cancer. In the present study, oral squamous carcinoma OC3 cells were investigated with the treatments of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA), respectively, to examine if arsenic compounds have anti‑cancer efforts. It was found that 1 µM NaAsO2 and 1 mM DMA for 24 h induced rounded contours with membrane blebbing phenomena in OC3 cells, revealing cell apoptotic characteristics. In addition, NaAsO2 (10‑100 µM) and DMA (1‑100 mM) significantly decreased OC3 cell survival. In cell cycle regulation detected by flow cytometry, NaAsO2 and DMA significantly augmented percentage of subG1 and G2/M phases in OC3 cells, respectively. Annexin V/PI double staining assay was further used to confirm NaAsO2 and DMA did induce OC3 cell apoptosis. In mechanism investigation, western blotting assay was applied and the results showed that NaAsO2 and DMA significantly induced phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2 and p38 and then the cleavages of caspase‑8, ‑9, ‑3 and poly ADP‑ribose polymerase (PARP) in OC3 cells, dynamically. In conclusion, NaAsO2 and DMA activated MAPK pathways and then apoptotic pathways to induce OC3 oral cancer cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Zhen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan 73658, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Yan Lan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiao-Yun Chu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hong-Yi Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Correspondence to: Professor Hong-Yi Chang, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 1, Nan-Tai Street, Yungkang, Tainan 71005, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mail:
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40406, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Professor Bu-Miin Huang, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu SZ, Lan YY, Chu CY, Wang YK, Lee YP, Chang HY, Huang BM. Arsenic compounds induce apoptosis by activating the MAPK and caspase pathways in FaDu oral squamous carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:18. [PMID: 35029282 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
For a number of years, oral cancer has remained in the top ten most common types of cancer, with an incidence rate that is steadily increasing. In total, ~75% oral cancer cases are associated with lifestyle factors, including uncontrolled alcohol consumption, betel and tobacco chewing, and the excessive use of tobacco. Notably, betel chewing is highly associated with oral cancer in Southeast Asia. Arsenic is a key environmental toxicant; however, arsenic trioxide has been used as a medicine for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, highlighting its anticancer properties. The present study aimed to investigate the role of arsenic compounds in the treatment of cancer, using FaDu oral squamous carcinoma cells treated with sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA). The results demonstrated that FaDu cells exhibited membrane blebbing phenomena and high levels of apoptosis following treatment with 10 µM NaAsO2 and 1 mM DMA for 24 h. The results of cell viability assay demonstrated that the rate of FaDu cell survival was markedly reduced as the concentration of arsenic compounds increased from 10 to 100 µM NaAsO2, and 1 to 100 mM DMA. Moreover, flow cytometry was carried out to further examine the effects of arsenic compounds on FaDu cell cycle regulation; the results revealed that treatment with NaAsO2 and DMA led to a significant increase in the percentage of FaDu cells in the sub‑G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. An Annexin V/PI double staining assay was subsequently performed to verify the levels of FaDu cell apoptosis following treatment with arsenic compounds. Furthermore, the results of the western blot analyses revealed that the expression levels of caspase‑8, ‑9 and ‑3, and poly ADP‑ribose polymerase, as well the levels of phosphorylated JNK and ERK1/2 were increased following treatment with NaAsO2 and DMA in the FaDu cells. On the whole, the results of the present study revealed that treatment with NaAsO2 and DMA promoted the apoptosis of FaDu oral cancer cells, by activating MAPK pathways, as well as the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Zhen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Yan Lan
- Department of Nursing, Shu‑Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiao-Yun Chu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yang-Kao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hong-Yi Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang J, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Huang W, Zou Y, Qiu Y, Cai W, Gao J, Zhou H, Wu Y, Liu W, Ding Q, Zhang Y, Yin PH, Tan W. PGE2-JNK signaling axis non-canonically promotes Gli activation by protecting Gli2 from ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:707. [PMID: 34267186 PMCID: PMC8282835 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03995-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Both bench and bedside investigations have challenged the supportive role of Hedgehog (Hh) activity in the progression of colorectal cancers, thus raising a critical need to further deeply determine the contribution of Hh to the growth of colorectal cancer. Combining multiple complementary means, including in vitro and in vivo inflammatory colorectal cancer models, and pathological analysis of clinical colorectal cancer patients samples. We report that colorectal cancer cells hijack prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to non-canonically promote Hh transcriptional factor Gli activity and Gli-dependent proliferation of colorectal cancer cells in a Smo-independent manner. Mechanistically, PGE2 activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which in turn enables Gli2 to evade ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation by phosphorylating Gli2 at Thr1546. This study not only presents evidence for understanding the contribution of Hh to colorectal cancers, but also provides a novel molecular portrait underlying how PGE2-activated JNK fine-tunes the evasion of Gli2 from ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. Therefore, it proposes a rationale for the future evaluation of chemopreventive and selective therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancers by targeting PGE2-JNK-Gli signaling route.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200062, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanyan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200062, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weiyang Cai
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th pepople's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, 201999, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Wu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chemical Biology Division of Shanghai Universities E-Institutes, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijun Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Department of pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai 9th pepople's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 Mohe Road, 201999, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei-Hao Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200062, Shanghai, China. .,Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 230601, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Wenfu Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Miodragović Ð, Swindell EP, Waxali ZS, Bogachkov A, O'Halloran TV. Beyond Cisplatin: Combination Therapy with Arsenic Trioxide. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019; 496:119030. [PMID: 32863421 PMCID: PMC7453736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Platinum drugs (cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin) and arsenic trioxide are the only commercial inorganic non-radioactive anticancer drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Numerous efforts are underway to take advantage of the synergy between the anticancer activity of cisplatin and arsenic trioxide - two drugs with strikingly different mechanisms of action. These include co-encapsulation of the two drugs in novel nanoscale delivery systems as well as the development of small molecule agents that combine the activity of these two inorganic materials. Several of these new molecular entities containing Pt-As bonds have broad anticancer activity, are robust in physiological buffer solutions, and form stable complexes with biopolymers. This review summarizes results from a number of preclinical studies involving the combination of cisplatin and As2O3, co-encapsulation and nanoformulation efforts, and the chemistry and cytotoxicity of the first member of platinum anticancer agents with an arsenous acid moiety bound to the platinum(II) center: arsenoplatins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ðenana Miodragović
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Northeastern Illinois University, 5500 North St Louis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60625, United States
| | - Elden P Swindell
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zohra Sattar Waxali
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Abraham Bogachkov
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Thomas V O'Halloran
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arsenic trioxide blocked proliferation and cardiomyocyte differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells: Implication in cardiac developmental toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2019; 309:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
8
|
Cysteine/Glutathione Deficiency: A Significant and Treatable Corollary of Disease. THE THERAPEUTIC USE OF N-ACETYLCYSTEINE (NAC) IN MEDICINE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7120747 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5311-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) deficiency may play a pivotal role in a variety of apparently unrelated clinical conditions and diseases. Orally administered N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which replenishes the cysteine required for GSH synthesis, has been tested in a large number of randomized placebo-controlled trials involving these diseases and conditions. This chapter focused on developing a base of evidence suggesting that NAC administration improves disease by increasing cysteine and/or GSH in a variety of diseases, thereby implying a significant role for GSH deficiency in the clinical basis of many diseases. To develop this base of evidence, we systematically selected studies which considered the hypothesis that the therapeutic efficacy for NAC is an indication that cysteine and/or GSH deficiency is a pathophysiological part of the diseases studied. In this manner we focus this chapter on explaining the biological mechanisms of NAC therapy in a wide variety of disorders and demonstrate its ubiquitous role in improving disease that involves disrupted GSH and/or cysteine metabolism.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lakshmaiah KC, Chaudhuri T, Babu GK, Lokanatha D, Jacob LA, Suresh Babu MC, Rudresha AH, Lokesh KN, Rajeev LK. Safety and antitumor activity of arsenic trioxide plus infusional 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan as second-line chemotherapy for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: A pilot study from South India. Indian J Cancer 2018; 54:631-633. [PMID: 30082548 DOI: 10.4103/ijc.ijc_374_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After failing oxaliplatin-based first-line chemotherapy (CT), approximately 4%-21% of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) respond to irinotecan-based second-line treatment. Earlier studies have demonstrated that arsenic trioxide (ATO) can significantly resensitize resistant colon cancer to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by downregulating thymidylate synthase (TS). We hypothesized that a combination of ATO with infusional 5-FU, leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) regimen in mCRC patients refractory to first-line FOLFOX/CAPOX could further improve the outcome of second-line CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were administered ATO 0.15 mg/kg/day on days 1-2 along with FOLFIRI regimen at standard doses every 2 weeks, until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or patients' refusal. Responses to CT were reported according to RECIST 1.1. Adverse events were classified based on CTCAE version 4.0. RESULTS Between September 2016 and July 2017, 17 patients with refractory mCRC were treated with this investigational combination. The median age was 49 years; 13 males and 4 females; ECOG PS 0-1/2, 14/3. The most common site of metastases was liver (n = 11) followed by peritoneum (n = 7) and number of involved metastatic sites 1-2/≥3, 9/8. After 6 cycles of CT, overall response rate and disease control rate were 17.6% and 82.4%, respectively (complete remission = 0, partial remission = 3 patients, stable disease = 11 patients). Median progression-free survival was 5.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.3-7.0) and median overall survival was 9 months (95% CI: 7.4-10.5) from the initiation of ATO plus FOLFIRI. The toxicities were as follows: Grade 1/2 toxicity: fatigue (7 patients), constipation (2), and nausea and vomiting (2); Grade 3 toxicity: fatigue (3), neutropenia (2), febrile neutropenia (1), diarrhea (2), and QTc prolongation (1). No patient experienced Grade 4 toxicities. CONCLUSIONS The addition of ATO to FOLFIRI regimen as second-line CT in patients with refractory mCRC offered an encouraging antitumor effect at the cost of manageable toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C Lakshmaiah
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Tamojit Chaudhuri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Govind K Babu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Dasappa Lokanatha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Linu Abraham Jacob
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M C Suresh Babu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A H Rudresha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K N Lokesh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - L K Rajeev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Moulahoum H, Boumaza BMA, Ferrat M, Djerdjouri B. Arsenic trioxide exposure accelerates colon preneoplasic aberrant crypt foci induction regionally through mitochondrial dysfunction. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:182-190. [PMID: 30090573 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00213k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic poisoning is a worldwide problem. Thus, we studied the effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO) administration on a 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced preneoplasic colon carcinogenesis model. Mice were separated into four study groups; the control group received only vehicles. The ATO group received daily a 2.5 mg kg-1 dose for 4 weeks. The DMH group received DMH (20 mg kg-1) twice in two weeks. The third group (D-ATO) had the same as the DMH group with ATO administration starting at week 10. At the end of 14 weeks, colons from sacrificed mice were taken, segmented into distal and proximal and subjected to aberrant crypt foci (ACF), aberrant crypt (AC) counting, alcian blue, H&E and Hoechst histological study and lastly oxidative stress marker analysis as well as mitochondrial swelling assessment. Data showed a significant increase in ACF and AC after DMH treatment, which was further increased after ATO addition. A perturbed histological structure was observed and loss of mucin producing cells in the colon tissue was observed. An important impact on the distal colon compared to the proximal one was noticed. The oxidative stress balance showed a similar pattern with an increase in MPO, NO/l-ornithine balance and MDA, while a decrease was observed in the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD and GSH). In all parameters analyzed, the distal colons showed higher values than proximal. Furthermore, histological cell death analysis in combination with mitochondrial permeability pore opening suggested ATO contribution in the pathological effect. Our study has shown that ATO administration accelerated colon cancer development suggesting the heaviness of such treatments and the need to explore combinations and cycle type formulas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Moulahoum
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Biological Sciences , University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) , Algiers , Algeria . .,Ege University , Faculty of Science , Biochemistry Department , 35100 Bornova , İzmir , Turkey
| | - Belkacem Mohamed Amine Boumaza
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Biological Sciences , University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) , Algiers , Algeria .
| | - Meriem Ferrat
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Biological Sciences , University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) , Algiers , Algeria .
| | - Bahia Djerdjouri
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Biological Sciences , University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (USTHB) , Algiers , Algeria .
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mohsennia M, Motaharinejad A, Rafiee-Pour HA, Torabbeigi M. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of As2O3 toxicological effects on human insulin in generation diabetes mellitus. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024417120202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
12
|
Leung LL, Lam SK, Li YY, Ho JCM. Tumour growth-suppressive effect of arsenic trioxide in squamous cell lung carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:3748-3754. [PMID: 28927142 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common subtype of non-small cell lung carcinoma. The anticancer effects of arsenic trioxide (ATO) in lung adenocarcinoma and small-cell lung cancer have previously been reported; however its effects in SCC remain unclear. An MTT assay and western blot analysis were performed to determine cell viability and protein expression, respectively, in the SK-MES-1 and SW900 SCC cell lines following treatment with ATO. Phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cell cycle distribution were studied using flow cytometry and the in vivo effects of ATO on tumour growth were investigated with a xenograft model. The results demonstrated that SK-MES-1 and SW900 SCC cells were sensitive to clinically relevant concentrations of ATO. ATO induced apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and G2/M arrest. In addition, treatment with ATO resulted in the downregulation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1), thymidylate synthase and ribonucleotide reductase M1 in addition to the upregulation of Bcl-2 antagonist/killer protein, cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase and cleaved caspase 3 in a cell-line specific manner. In the SW900 xenograft model, tumour growth was inhibited by ATO with the formation of apoptotic bodies and downregulation of Bcl-2 and E2F1. In conclusion, ATO suppresses the growth of SCC in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Lee Leung
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Sze-Kwan Lam
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - James Chung-Man Ho
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arsenic downregulates tight junction claudin proteins through p38 and NF-κB in intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29. Toxicology 2017; 379:31-39. [PMID: 28115242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid that often is found in foods and drinking water. Human exposure to arsenic is associated with the development of gastrointestinal problems such as fluid loss, diarrhea and gastritis. Arsenic is also known to induce toxic responses including oxidative stress in cells of the gastrointestinal track. Tight junctions (TJs) regulate paracellular permeability and play a barrier role by inhibiting the movement of water, solutes and microorganisms in the paracellular space. Since oxidative stress and TJ damage are known to be associated, we examined whether arsenic produces TJ damage such as downregulation of claudins in the human colorectal cell line, HT-29. To confirm the importance of oxidative stress in arsenic-induced TJ damage, effects of the antioxidant compound (e.g., N-acetylcysteine (NAC)) were also determined in cells. HT-29 cells were treated with arsenic trioxide (40μM, 12h) to observe the modified expression of TJ proteins. Arsenic decreased expression of TJ proteins (i.e., claudin-1 and claudin-5) and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) whereas pretreatment of NAC (5-10mM, 1h) attenuated the observed claudins downregulation and TEER. Arsenic treatment produced cellular oxidative stress via superoxide generation and lowering glutathione (GSH) levels, while NAC restored cellular GSH levels and decreased oxidative stress. Arsenic increased phosphorylation of p38 and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65, while NAC attenuated these intracellular events. Results demonstrated that arsenic can damage intestinal epithelial cells by proinflammatory process (oxidative stress, p38 and NF-κB) which resulted in the downregulation of claudins and NAC can protect intestinal TJs from arsenic toxicity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Singh P, Dutta SR, Passi D, Bharti J. Benefits of Alcohol on Arsenic Toxicity in Rats. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:BF01-BF06. [PMID: 28273963 PMCID: PMC5324408 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/21700.9146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been demonstrated earlier that exposure to ethanol and/or arsenic compounds (such as sodium arsenite) produces toxic effects as shown by both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Chronic exposure of humans to arsenic through drinking water, pesticides or consumption of alcoholic beverages has produced major health problem and concern in recent years. Water being one of the main ingredients for alcohol formation (beer fermentation process) can lead to contamination with arsenic. Thus, people consuming such alcohol are getting continuously exposed to arsenic compounds as well along with alcohol. AIM The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of alcohol co-administration on arsenic induced changes in carbohydrate metabolic status in adult male albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male albino rats of Wistar strain (weighing~100g) were divided into three groups (n=8 rats/group) including Control or vehicle treated (C), Arsenic treated (As) and Arsenic treated alcohol co-exposed (As+Alc). Treatment with Sodium-arsenite included intra-peritoneal injection consecutively for 14 days at a dose of 5.55 mg/kg (equivalent to 35% of LD50) per day. Absolute alcohol (15% v/v) was fed at a dose of 0.5 ml/100 g body weight per day for five consecutive days from start of the treatment schedule. Distilled water (D/W) was used as vehicle. Blood Glucose (BG) level, levels of glycogen, Pyruvic Acid (PA), Free Amino Acid Nitrogen (FAAN), total protein, Glutamate Oxalate transaminase (GOT) and Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT) activity, and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity were measured in tissues including liver, kidney and muscle. RESULTS Treatment with arsenic decreased the levels of BG, liver glycogen and PA, tissue protein and G6Pase activity, GOT activity in liver and muscle, and increased free amino acid content in kidney and muscle, GPT activity in liver and kidney. Alcohol administration to rats co-exposed to arsenic treatment reversed these changes. CONCLUSION Thus, it is suggested that combined administration of alcohol with arsenic can result in the suppression of the down-regulating action of arsenic on glucose homeostasis as evidenced by its hypoglycaemic effect and increased gluconeogenesis and transamination in liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purnima Singh
- Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, M. B. Kedia Dental College, Chhapkaiya, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Shubha Ranjan Dutta
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, M. B. Kedia Dental College, Chhapkaiya, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Deepak Passi
- Tutor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, ESIC Dental College and Hospital, Rohini, Delhi, India
| | - Jaya Bharti
- Dental Surgeon, Karuna Hospital, Delhi, india
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Walker AM, Stevens JJ, Ndebele K, Tchounwou PB. Evaluation of Arsenic Trioxide Potential for Lung Cancer Treatment: Assessment of Apoptotic Mechanisms and Oxidative Damage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:1-9. [PMID: 27158419 PMCID: PMC4856166 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is one of the most lethal and common cancers in the world, causing up to 3 million deaths annually. The chemotherapeutic drugs that have been used in treating lung cancer include cisplatin-pemetrexed, cisplastin-gencitabinoe, carboplatin-paclitaxel and crizotinib. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been used in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, its effects on lung cancer are not known. We hypothesize that ATO may also have a bioactivity against lung cancer, and its mechanisms of action may involve apoptosis, DNA damage and changes in stress-related proteins in lung cancer cells. Methods To test the above stated hypothesis, lung carcinoma (A549) cells were used as the test model. The effects of ATO were examined by performing 6-diamidine-2 phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear staining for morphological characterization of apoptosis, flow cytometry analysis for early apoptosis, and western blot analysis for stress-related proteins (Hsp70 and cfos) and apoptotic protein expressions. Also, the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay was used to evaluate the genotoxic effect. Results ATO-induced apoptosis was evidenced by chromatin condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies as revealed by DAPI nuclear staining. Cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing were observed at 4 and 6 µg/ml of ATO. Data from the western blot analysis revealed a significant dose-dependent increase (p < 0.05) in the Hsp 70, caspase 3 and p53 protein expression, and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the cfos, and bcl-2 protein expression at 4 and 6 µg/ml of ATO. There was a slight decrease in cytochrome c protein expression at 4 and 6 µg/ ml of ATO. Comet assay data revealed significant dose-dependent increases in the percentages of DNA damage, Comet tail lengths, and Comet tail moment. Conclusion Taken together our results indicate that ATO is cytotoxic to lung cancer cells and its bioactivity is associated with oxidative damage, changes in cellular morphology, and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Walker
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Laboratory, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Jacqueline J Stevens
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Laboratory, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Kenneth Ndebele
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Laboratory, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Paul B Tchounwou
- Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Muenyi CS, Ljungman M, States JC. Arsenic Disruption of DNA Damage Responses-Potential Role in Carcinogenesis and Chemotherapy. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2184-93. [PMID: 26404387 PMCID: PMC4693233 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a Class I human carcinogen and is widespread in the environment. Chronic arsenic exposure causes cancer in skin, lung and bladder, as well as in other organs. Paradoxically, arsenic also is a potent chemotherapeutic against acute promyelocytic leukemia and can potentiate the cytotoxic effects of DNA damaging chemotherapeutics, such as cisplatin, in vitro. Arsenic has long been implicated in DNA repair inhibition, cell cycle disruption, and ubiquitination dysregulation, all negatively impacting the DNA damage response and potentially contributing to both the carcinogenic and chemotherapeutic potential of arsenic. Recent studies have provided mechanistic insights into how arsenic interferes with these processes including disruption of zinc fingers and suppression of gene expression. This review discusses these effects of arsenic with a view toward understanding the impact on the DNA damage response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse S Muenyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA.
| | - J Christopher States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maher MA, Naha PC, Mukherjee SP, Byrne HJ. Numerical simulations of in vitro nanoparticle toxicity – The case of poly(amido amine) dendrimers. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1449-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
18
|
Ding W, Zhang L, Kim S, Tian W, Tong Y, Liu J, Ma Y, Chen S. Arsenic sulfide as a potential anti‑cancer drug. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:968-74. [PMID: 25371265 PMCID: PMC4262477 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic sulfide (As4S4) is the main component of realgar, which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of As4S4 in the treatment of hematological malignant diseases, however, its effects on solid tumors have yet to be fully elucidated. The current study aimed to explore the anti‑cancer effect and the mechanism of As4S4 on solid tumors in vitro and in vivo. Cells from four human solid tumor cell lines, including the MKN45 gastric cancer cell line, the A375 malignant melanoma cell line, the 8898 pancreatic carcinoma cell line and the HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, were treated with As4S4 in vitro, using the L02 embryonic liver cells as a control. The efficacy of As4S4 was assessed in vivo using mice implanted with Lewis lung carcinoma cells. The results of the current study demonstrated that As4S4 significantly inhibited the proliferation of solid tumor cells in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner, but produced a less pronounced effect on L02 cells. Additionally, As4S4 was observed to induce apoptosis (including morphological changes and an enhanced sub‑G1 population), which was accompanied by the activation of caspase‑3 and ‑9. Furthermore, treatment with As4S4 significantly inhibited the growth of implanted tumors in mice. These results suggest that As4S4 possesses potent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity via the induction of cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Ding
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Lian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Sungkyoung Kim
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tian
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Tong
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P.R. China
| | - Yong Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Third People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kankotia S, Stacpoole PW. Dichloroacetate and cancer: new home for an orphan drug? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:617-29. [PMID: 25157892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed the anti-cancer effects of DCA, an orphan drug long used as an investigational treatment for various acquired and congenital disorders of mitochondrial intermediary metabolism. Inhibition by DCA of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases and subsequent reactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and oxidative phosphorylation is the common mechanism accounting for the drug's anti-neoplastic effects. At least two fundamental changes in tumor metabolism are induced by DCA that antagonize tumor growth, metastases and survival: the first is the redirection of glucose metabolism from glycolysis to oxidation (reversal of the Warburg effect), leading to inhibition of proliferation and induction of caspase-mediated apoptosis. These effects have been replicated in both human cancer cell lines and in tumor implants of diverse germ line origin. The second fundamental change is the oxidative removal of lactate, via pyruvate, and the co-incident buffering of hydrogen ions by dehydrogenases located in the mitochondrial matrix. Preclinical studies demonstrate that DCA has additive or synergistic effects when used in combination with standard agents designed to modify tumor oxidative stress, vascular remodeling, DNA integrity or immunity. These findings and limited clinical results suggest that potentially fruitful areas for additional clinical trials include 1) adult and pediatric high grade astrocytomas; 2) BRAF-mutant cancers, such as melanoma, perhaps combined with other pro-oxidants; 3) tumors in which resistance to standard platinum-class drugs alone may be overcome with combination therapy; and 4) tumors of endodermal origin, in which extensive experimental research has demonstrated significant anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic effects of DCA, leading to improved host survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kankotia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Peter W Stacpoole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
YU YAO, YANG YU, WANG JING. Anti-apoptotic and apoptotic pathway analysis of arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:973-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
21
|
Inferring drug-disease associations from integration of chemical, genomic and phenotype data using network propagation. BMC Med Genomics 2013; 6 Suppl 3:S4. [PMID: 24565337 PMCID: PMC3980383 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-6-s3-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last few years, the knowledge of drug, disease phenotype and protein has been rapidly accumulated and more and more scientists have been drawn the attention to inferring drug-disease associations by computational method. Development of an integrated approach for systematic discovering drug-disease associations by those informational data is an important issue. METHODS We combine three different networks of drug, genomic and disease phenotype and assign the weights to the edges from available experimental data and knowledge. Given a specific disease, we use our network propagation approach to infer the drug-disease associations. RESULTS We apply prostate cancer and colorectal cancer as our test data. We use the manually curated drug-disease associations from comparative toxicogenomics database to be our benchmark. The ranked results show that our proposed method obtains higher specificity and sensitivity and clearly outperforms previous methods. Our result also show that our method with off-targets information gets higher performance than that with only primary drug targets in both test data. CONCLUSIONS We clearly demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of using network-based analyses of chemical, genomic and phenotype data to reveal drug-disease associations. The potential associations inferred by our method provide new perspectives for toxicogenomics and drug reposition evaluation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Li W, Wang M, Wang L, Ji S, Zhang J, Zhang C. Icariin Synergizes with Arsenic Trioxide to Suppress Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cell Biochem Biophys 2013; 68:427-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-013-9724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
23
|
Arsenic trioxide induces cervical cancer apoptosis, but specifically targets human papillomavirus-infected cell populations. Anticancer Drugs 2013; 23:280-7. [PMID: 22245994 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32834f1fd3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human papillomavirus (HPV) is directly associated with the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. Targeting HPV infection has become the priority in treatment and prevention. Some treatment strategies have shown a limited therapeutic potential in suppressing and reversing the oncogenic effects of HPVs, but are compromised by the toxicity, immune suppression and the expense. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has shown therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of haematological and solid cancer and has been demonstrated to effectively induce apoptosis of HPV-infected cervical cancer cells in vitro. Here, we examined the effects and possible molecular pathway of As2O3-induced apoptosis in HPV-infected and noninfected cervical cancer cells. METHODS As2O3 was added to HPV-infected cell lines HeLa and CaSki and the HPV-negative cell line C33A at concentrations from 1 to 10 µmol/l. Cell proliferation rates were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays after exposure. Expressions of tumour suppressor gene p53, activated caspase-3 and cell cycle distribution were evaluated in relation to HPV-E6 protein expression by confocal microscopy immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. RESULTS As2O3 reduced cell populations by 16% in C33A but by 48-60% in HPV-infected cell lines CaSki and HeLa. The expression of HPV-E6 proteins was drastically down-regulated in a dose-dependent manner, whereas p53 and activated caspase-3 expressions increased in the HPV-infected cell lines. Flow cytometry demonstrated cell cycle arrest in S-G2/M phases, and increasing apoptotic bodies were seen in HPV-infected lines only. CONCLUSION As2O3, at low concentrations, inhibited HPV-E6 protein expression, leading to up-regulated p53 levels, induced S to G2/M arrest and apoptosis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Cho SY, Lee HJ, Cho SM, Kim B, Jung YK, Kim SH. Particled Mica, STB-HO has chemopreventive potential via G1 arrest, and inhibition of proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in HCT colorectal cancer cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:189. [PMID: 23883349 PMCID: PMC3765551 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Though Mica, a thin and sheet like mineral, has been used as a mineral medicine for treatment of bleeding, dysentery and inflammation in traditional medicine including Ayurveda, the biological evidences of Mica were not clearly elucidated so far. Thus, in the present study, the antitumor mechanism of particled Mica (STB-HO) was examined in colorectal cancers. Methods Athymic nude mice were inoculated with HCT116 colon cancer cells and orally administered STB-HO daily for 41 days, and HCT116 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with STB-HO for 0 ~ 24 hours to perform immunoblotting, cytotoxicity assay, FACs analysis and measurement of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) secretion and other experiments. Significant differences of all date were evaluated using Student’s t-test and a Turkey-Kramer multiple-comparison post test. Results STB-HO significantly suppressed the tumor volume and weight in athymic nude mice inoculated with HCT116 cells at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Thus, the in vivo antitumor mechanism of STB-HO was to elucidated in vitro as well. STB-HO exerted cytotoxicity in HCT116, SW620 and HCT15 colorectal cancer cells. Also, STB-HO increased G1 cell population in a time and concentration dependent manner, enhanced the expression of p21, p27, p53 as cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, attenuated the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1 and also reduced the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in HCT116 cells. Consistently, STB-HO suppressed the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 in HCT116, SW620 and HCT15 cells. Also, STB-HO inhibited the VEGF mediated proliferation and also attenuated the phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and Akt in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Conclusions Collectively, these findings suggest that STB-HO has chemopreventive potential via G1 arrest and inhibition of proliferation and VEGFR2 in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao S, Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhang J, Zou H, Liu Y, Dong X, Sun X. Intravenous Administration of Arsenic Trioxide Encapsulated in Liposomes Inhibits the Growth of C6 Gliomas in Rat Brains. J Chemother 2013; 20:253-62. [DOI: 10.1179/joc.2008.20.2.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
26
|
Lu Y, Yuan H, Deng S, Wei Q, Guo C, Yi J, Wu J, Li R, Wen L, He Z, Yuan L. Arsanilic acid causes apoptosis and oxidative stress in rat kidney epithelial cells (NRK-52e cells) by the activation of the caspase-9 and -3 signaling pathway. Drug Chem Toxicol 2013; 37:55-62. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.806532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
27
|
Dong H, Cheung SH, Liang Y, Wang B, Ramalingam R, Wang P, Sun H, Cheng SH, Lam YW. “Stainomics”: Identification of mitotracker labeled proteins in mammalian cells. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1957-64. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Dong
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Kowloon; Hong Kong
| | - Sau Ha Cheung
- Department of Surgery; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong
| | - Yimin Liang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Kowloon; Hong Kong
| | - Baojiang Wang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Kowloon; Hong Kong
| | - Rajkumar Ramalingam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Kowloon; Hong Kong
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Kowloon; Hong Kong
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Kowloon; Hong Kong
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Kowloon; Hong Kong
| | - Yun Wah Lam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry; City University of Hong Kong; Kowloon; Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yang YW, Liu D, Liu T, Hu LH, Du YJ, Liu BR. Inhibitory effect of As 2O 3 combined with adenovirus carrying IκBαM on proliferation of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:1159-1163. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i13.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To analyze the inhibitory effect of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) combined with adenovirus carrying IκBαM (Ad-IκBαM) on proliferation of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
METHODS: The effect of As2O3 combined with Ad-IκBαM on liver cancer cell growth was assessed by MTT assay. Wistar rats were treated with diethylnitrosamine (DENA) for about 16 wk to induce liver cancer. The index of apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay.
RESULTS: As2O3 induced cellular toxicity in a dose- and time-dependent fashion in SMMC-7721 cells. MTT assay showed that the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells was most significantly suppressed by As2O3 at a dose of 16 µmol/L, and the reduced rate of cell proliferation was 17.7% ± 5.3%, 40.7% ± 2.5% and 62.8% ± 5.4% at 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. The reduced rate of cell proliferation at 72 and 96 h in cells treated with 16 µmol/L As2O3 and Ad-IκBαM was 68.3% ± 2.1% and 81.9% ± 3.0%, significantly higher than those in other groups (all P < 0.01). DENA treatment successfully induced tumors in rats at week 16. There was no significant difference in life span of liver cancer-bearing rats among each group. TUNEL assay demonstrated that treatment with As2O3 and Ad-IκBαM greatly enhanced apoptotic cell death.
CONCLUSION: Ad-IκBαM has a synergistic effect with As2O3 in inhibiting liver cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
|
29
|
Anticancer effect of arsenic trioxide on cholangiocarcinoma: in vitro experiments and in vivo xenograft mouse model. Clin Exp Med 2013; 14:215-24. [PMID: 23467906 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-013-0233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate anticancer activity of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) on cholangiocarcinoma through in vitro and in vivo experiments using human cholangiocarcinoma cancer cells (CC-t6 cells) and a nude mouse model. The effect of As2O3 on CC-t6 cell survival was determined in vitro using MTT assay. Analysis of cell cycle phase distribution and quantification of apoptosis/necrosis, which were achieved by flow cytometry, were performed in order to understand the mechanism of As2O3. In vivo experiment was performed to assess the effectiveness of local injection of As2O3 on tumor inhibition by comparing the following three groups each consisting of five nude mouse xenograft models: high dose As2O3 (5 mg/kg), low dose As2O3 (1 mg/kg), and saline. In MTT assay, As2O3 inhibited the growth of CC-t6 cells more effectively than cisplatin or adriamycin at concentrations between 1 and 100 μM for most time points between 24 and 72 h (p < 0.05). With increased concentration of As2O3, there was dose-dependent increase in G 0/G 1 phase and dose-dependent decrease in S phase. As2O3-mediated inhibition of cell viability was achieved via induction of apoptosis and necrosis in a dose-dependent manner. Injection of As2O3 into CC-t6-induced tumors in nude mice inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumor xenografts. As2O3 treatment dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of CC-t6 cells via G 0/G 1 phase arrest and retarded tumor growth in nude mice, suggesting that As2O3 may be effective in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
Collapse
|
30
|
Differential toxicity and gene expression in Caco-2 cells exposed to arsenic species. Toxicol Lett 2013; 218:70-80. [PMID: 23353816 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic [As(V)+As(III)] and its metabolites, especially the trivalent forms [monomethylarsonous acid, MMA(III), and dimethylarsinous acid, DMA(III)], are considered the forms of arsenic with the highest degree of toxicity, linked to certain types of cancer and other pathologies. The gastrointestinal mucosa is exposed to these forms of arsenic, but it is not known what toxic effect these species may have on it. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the toxicity and some mechanisms of action of inorganic arsenic and its metabolites [monomethylarsonic acid, MMA(V), dimethylarsinic acid, DMA(V), MMA(III) and DMA(III)] in intestinal epithelial cells, using the Caco-2 human cell line as a model. The results show that the pentavalent forms do not produce toxic effects on the intestinal monolayer, but the trivalent species have a different degree of toxicity. As(III) induces death mainly by necrosis, whereas only apoptotic cells are detected after exposure to MMA(III), and for DMA(III) the percentages of apoptosis and necrosis are similar. The three forms produce reactive oxygen species, accompanied by a reduction in intracellular GSH and lipid peroxidation, the latter being especially notable in the dimethylated form. They also alter the enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase and induce expression of stress proteins and metallothioneins. The results indicate that the trivalent forms of arsenic can affect cell viability of intestinal cells by mechanisms related to the induction of oxidative stress. Further studies are needed to evaluate how the effects observed in this study affect the structure and functionality of the intestinal epithelium.
Collapse
|
31
|
Ye H, Yang X, Gan L, Sun X, Xu H. Realgar Nanoparticles Induced Cytotoxicity in Promyelocytic Leukemia HL-60 Cells. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS : ... ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL CONFERENCE 2012; 2005:7714-7. [PMID: 17282069 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2005.1616300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Realgar, one of mineral drugs in Chinese traditional medicines has attracted an increasing attention because of its prominent anti-tumor effect. However, new challenges for improving its bioavailability has to be faced. Our previous studies have demonstrated that realgar nanoparticles may provide a less toxic agent for anti-neoplasia by suppressing angiogenesis. In the present study, we improved milling process, prepared raw realgar particles and realgar nanoparticles with the same background As<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>concentrations and compared their cytoxcity to promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells including inhibiting cell growth, inducing oxidative stress. It was found that treatment with realgar nanoparticles resulted in considerably low cell viability compared with raw realgar particles. On the other hand, treatement with realgar nanoparticles promoted the generations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited the activity of catalase (CAT), which was accompanied by lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, especially the loss of its free thiols, whereas such events was not observed in HL-60 cells exposed to raw realgar particles. These results suggest that realgar nanoparticles are superior over raw realgar particles for their cytotoxicity including inhibition of cell proliferation and enhanced effects of oxidative stress, which may provide a possibility for its application in tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ye
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 P. R. China. (e-mail: )
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
YOU BORA, PARK WOOHYUN. Arsenic trioxide induces human pulmonary fibroblast cell death via increasing ROS levels and GSH depletion. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:749-57. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
33
|
Sertel S, Tome M, Briehl MM, Bauer J, Hock K, Plinkert PK, Efferth T. Factors determining sensitivity and resistance of tumor cells to arsenic trioxide. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35584. [PMID: 22590507 PMCID: PMC3349672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, arsenic trioxide showed impressive regression rates of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Here, we investigated molecular determinants of sensitivity and resistance of cell lines of different tumor types towards arsenic trioxide. Arsenic trioxide was the most cytotoxic compound among 8 arsenicals investigated in the NCI cell line panel. We correlated transcriptome-wide microarray-based mRNA expression to the IC(50) values for arsenic trioxide by bioinformatic approaches (COMPARE and hierarchical cluster analyses, Ingenuity signaling pathway analysis). Among the identified pathways were signaling routes for p53, integrin-linked kinase, and actin cytoskeleton. Genes from these pathways significantly predicted cellular response to arsenic trioxide. Then, we analyzed whether classical drug resistance factors may also play a role for arsenic trioxide. Cell lines transfected with cDNAs for catalase, thioredoxin, or the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 gene were more resistant to arsenic trioxide than mock vector transfected cells. Multidrug-resistant cells overexpressing the MDR1, MRP1 or BCRP genes were not cross-resistant to arsenic trioxide. Our approach revealed that response of tumor cells towards arsenic trioxide is multi-factorial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Sertel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biology (C015), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Margaret Tome
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Margaret M. Briehl
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Judith Bauer
- Pharmaceutical Biology (C015), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Hock
- Pharmaceutical Biology (C015), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter K. Plinkert
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Pharmaceutical Biology (C015), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Muenyi CS, Pinhas AR, Fan TW, Brock GN, Helm CW, States JC. Sodium arsenite ± hyperthermia sensitizes p53-expressing human ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin by modulating platinum-DNA damage responses. Toxicol Sci 2012; 127:139-49. [PMID: 22331493 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of gynecological cancer death in the United States. Cisplatin is a DNA damaging agent initially effective against EOC but limited by resistance. P53 plays a critical role in cellular response to DNA damage and has been implicated in EOC response to platinum chemotherapy. In this study, we examined the role of p53 status in EOC response to a novel combination of cisplatin, sodium arsenite, and hyperthermia. Human EOC cells were treated with cisplatin ± 20μM sodium arsenite at 37°C or 39°C for 1 h. Sodium arsenite ± hyperthermia sensitized wild-type p53-expressing (A2780, A2780/CP70, OVCA 420, OVCA 429, and OVCA 433) EOC cells to cisplatin. Hyperthermia sensitized p53-null SKOV-3 and p53-mutant (OVCA 432 and OVCAR-3) cells to cisplatin. P53 small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection abrogated sodium arsenite sensitization effect. XPC, a critical DNA damage recognition protein in global genome repair pathway, was induced by cisplatin only in wild-type p53-expressing cells. Cotreatment with sodium arsenite ± hyperthermia attenuated cisplatin-induced XPC in wild-type p53-expressing cells. XPC siRNA transfection sensitized wild-type p53-expressing cells to cisplatin, suggesting that sodium arsenite ± hyperthermia attenuation of XPC is a mechanism by which wild-type p53-expressing cells are sensitized to cisplatin. Hyperthermia ± sodium arsenite enhanced cellular and DNA accumulation of platinum in wild-type p53-expressing cells. Only hyperthermia enhanced platinum accumulation in p53-null cells. In conclusion, sodium arsenite ± hyperthermia sensitizes wild-type p53-expressing EOC cells to cisplatin by suppressing DNA repair protein XPC and increasing cellular and DNA platinum accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse S Muenyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sun RC, Board PG, Blackburn AC. Targeting metabolism with arsenic trioxide and dichloroacetate in breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:142. [PMID: 22093145 PMCID: PMC3240126 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells have a different metabolic profile compared to normal cells. The Warburg effect (increased aerobic glycolysis) and glutaminolysis (increased mitochondrial activity from glutamine catabolism) are well known hallmarks of cancer and are accompanied by increased lactate production, hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane and increased production of reactive oxygen species. METHODS In this study we target the Warburg effect with dichloroacetate (DCA) and the increased mitochondrial activity of glutaminolysis with arsenic trioxide (ATO) in breast cancer cells, measuring cell proliferation, cell death and mitochondrial characteristics. RESULTS The combination of DCA and ATO was more effective at inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell death than either drug alone. We examined the effect of these treatments on mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species production and ATP levels and have identified new molecular mechanisms within the mitochondria for both ATO and DCA: ATO reduces mitochondrial function through the inhibition of cytochrome C oxidase (complex IV of the electron transport chain) while DCA up-regulates ATP synthase β subunit expression. The potentiation of ATO cytotoxicity by DCA is correlated with strong suppression of the expression of c-Myc and HIF-1α, and decreased expression of the survival protein Bcl-2. CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate that targeting two key metabolic hallmarks of cancer is an effective anti-cancer strategy with therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon C Sun
- Department of Translational Biosciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Arsenic trioxide induces human pulmonary fibroblast cell death via the regulation of Bcl-2 family and caspase-8. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:4311-8. [PMID: 21779797 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO; As(2)O(3)) can induce apoptotic cell death in various cancer cells including lung cancer cells. However, little is known about the toxicological effects of ATO on normal primary lung cells. In this study, we investigated the cellular effects of ATO on human pulmonary fibroblast (HPF) cells in relation to cell growth inhibition and death. ATO inhibited HPF cell growth with an IC(50) of approximately 30-40 μM at 24 h and induced cell death accompanied by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ΔΨ(m)). Thus, HPF cells were considered to be very resistant to ATO insults. ATO increased the expression of p53 protein and decreased that of Bcl-2 protein. This agent activated caspase-8 but not caspase-3 in HPF cells. Z-VAD (a pan-caspase inhibitor; 15 μM) did not significantly decrease cell growth inhibition, death and MMP (ΔΨ(m)) loss by ATO. Moreover, administration of Bax or casase-8 siRNA attenuated HPF cell death by ATO whereas p53 or caspase-3 siRNAs did not affect cell death. In conclusion, HPF cells were resistant to ATO and higher doses of ATO induced the growth inhibition and death in HPF cells via the regulation of Bcl-2 family and caspase-8.
Collapse
|
37
|
Muenyi CS, States VA, Masters JH, Fan TW, Helm CW, States JC. Sodium arsenite and hyperthermia modulate cisplatin-DNA damage responses and enhance platinum accumulation in murine metastatic ovarian cancer xenograft after hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). J Ovarian Res 2011; 4:9. [PMID: 21696631 PMCID: PMC3143084 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death in the USA. Recurrence rates are high after front-line therapy and most patients eventually die from platinum (Pt) - resistant disease. Cisplatin resistance is associated with increased nucleotide excision repair (NER), decreased mismatch repair (MMR) and decreased platinum uptake. The objective of this study is to investigate how a novel combination of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and hyperthermia (43°C) affect mechanisms of cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. METHODS We established a murine model of metastatic EOC by intraperitoneal injection of A2780/CP70 human ovarian cancer cells into nude mice. We developed a murine hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy model to treat the mice. Mice with peritoneal metastasis were perfused for 1 h with 3 mg/kg cisplatin ± 26 mg/kg NaAsO2 at 37 or 43°C. Tumors and tissues were collected at 0 and 24 h after treatment. RESULTS Western blot analysis of p53 and key NER proteins (ERCC1, XPC and XPA) and MMR protein (MSH2) suggested that cisplatin induced p53, XPC and XPA and suppressed MSH2 consistent with resistant phenotype. Hyperthermia suppressed cisplatin-induced XPC and prevented the induction of XPA by cisplatin, but it had no effect on Pt uptake or retention in tumors. NaAsO2 prevented XPC induction by cisplatin; it maintained higher levels of MSH2 in tumors and enhanced initial accumulation of Pt in tumors. Combined NaAsO2 and hyperthermia decreased cisplatin-induced XPC 24 h after perfusion, maintained higher levels of MSH2 in tumors and significantly increased initial accumulation of Pt in tumors. ERCC1 levels were generally low except for NaAsO2 co-treatment with cisplatin. Systemic Pt and arsenic accumulation for all treatment conditions were in the order: kidney > liver = spleen > heart > brain and liver > kidney = spleen > heart > brain respectively. Metal levels generally decreased in systemic tissues within 24 h after treatment. CONCLUSION NaAsO2 and/or hyperthermia have the potential to sensitize tumors to cisplatin by inhibiting NER, maintaining functional MMR and enhancing tumor platinum uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse S Muenyi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Vanessa A States
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Joshua H Masters
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Teresa W Fan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Center for Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Center for Environmental Genomics & Integrative Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - C William Helm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63117, USA
| | - J Christopher States
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Center for Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Center for Environmental Genomics & Integrative Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Podolsky L, Oh M, Subbarayan PR, Francheschi D, Livingstone A, Ardalan B. 5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin and arsenic trioxide for patients with refractory/relapsed colorectal carcinoma: a clinical experience. Acta Oncol 2011; 50:602-5. [PMID: 20950119 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2010.524934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
39
|
Cheng YX, Liu R, Wang Q, Li BS, Xu XX, Hu M, Chen L, Fu Q, Pu DM, Hong L. Realgar-induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cell line Siha via cytochrome c release and caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation. Chin J Integr Med 2011; 18:359-65. [PMID: 21526368 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-011-0697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the molecular mechanism of realgar-induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. METHODS The cervical cancer cell line Siha was used to determine the cell viability and apoptosis after treatment with realgar using MTT assay and flow cytometry. The activities of caspase-3, -8, and -9 were detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer technology and colorimetric assay, while the levels of Bcl-2, cytochrome c, and Bax were detected by Western blot method. RESULTS Induction of apoptosis by realgar was detected in Siha cell line in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptosis was accompanied by a significant increase in cytochrome c release and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 but not caspase-8. Further, the realgar-induced apoptosis was inhibited by a broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor, a caspase-3 inhibitor, and a caspase-9 inhibitor but not by a caspase-8 inhibitor. Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions were not changed by realgar. CONCLUSION The induction of apoptosis by realgar is mediated through a cytochrome c-dependent pathway, which sequentially activates caspase-9 and caspase-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-xiang Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mukherjee SP, Lyng FM, Garcia A, Davoren M, Byrne HJ. Mechanistic studies of in vitro cytotoxicity of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers in mammalian cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 248:259-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
41
|
Wu DD, Xiao YF, Geng Y, Hou J. Antitumor effect and mechanisms of arsenic trioxide on subcutaneously implanted human gastric cancer in nude mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 198:90-6. [PMID: 20362223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2009.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We sought to investigate the efficacy of arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) against a human gastric cell line implanted in nude mice in vivo, as well as the mechanism involved. The solid tumor model was created in nude mice with the gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. The animals were randomly divided into three groups. As(2)O(3) was injected into animals in two arsenic-treated groups (2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg), and the same volume of saline solution was injected into the control group. The inhibitory effect was observed in every group. Apoptotic cells and apoptotic bodies were observed by transmission electron microscope; the fraction of apoptotic cells was detected by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling) under laser confocal technology. The expression of Fas and FasL was detected by immunohistochemical staining. In nude mice, after treatment with 5 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg As(2)O(3), approximately 50% and 30% tumor growth inhibition were observed, respectively (P < 0.05 for both treatment groups). Increase in apoptotic cells and apoptotic bodies appeared in As(2)O(3)-treated tumors compared with the control group. The fluorescence intensity levels of apoptotic cells in tumor were significantly higher in the arsenic-treated groups (P < 0.05 for both treatment groups). The fluorescence intensity level of apoptotic cells in the 5-mg/kg group was higher than that in the 2.5-mg/kg group (P < 0.05). The expression of Fas protein increased in dose- and time-dependent manner after the treatment with As(2)O(3), but that of FasL protein showed no significant difference between control and treated groups. As(2)O(3) did not induce hepatic and renal system injury in the nude mice. As(2)O(3) can inhibit the growth of human gastric cell implanted tumor. We ascribe this to upregulation of Fas, which can induce apoptosis of gastric cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Dong Wu
- Baoji Municipal Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi Province, 0086-721008, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Biswas S, Zhao X, Mone AP, Mo X, Vargo M, Jarjoura D, Byrd JC, Muthusamy N. Arsenic trioxide and ascorbic acid demonstrate promising activity against primary human CLL cells in vitro. Leuk Res 2010; 34:925-31. [PMID: 20171736 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 12/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The compromised antioxidant defense system in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) suggested a potential use for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating arsenic trioxide (ATO) and ascorbic acid. While both ATO and ascorbic acid mediate cytotoxicity in CLL B cells as single agents, the efficacy of ATO is enhanced by ascorbic acid. This effect is dependent on increased ROS accumulation, as pretreatment of B-CLL cells with a glutathione reducing buthionine sulfoximine or catalase inhibiting aminotriazole, enhanced ATO/ascorbic acid-mediated cytotoxicity. Pretreatment with reducing agents such as catalase, or thiol antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine or GSH also abrogated ATO/ascorbic acid-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, Hu1D10-mediated cell death was enhanced with ATO and ascorbic acid, thus justifying potential combination of ATO/arsenic trioxide therapy with antibodies such as Hu1D10 that also cause accumulation of ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Biswas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mukherjee SP, Davoren M, Byrne HJ. In vitro mammalian cytotoxicological study of PAMAM dendrimers – Towards quantitative structure activity relationships. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:169-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
44
|
Gentry PR, McDonald TB, Sullivan DE, Shipp AM, Yager JW, Clewell HJ. Analysis of genomic dose-response information on arsenic to inform key events in a mode of action for carcinogenicity. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2010; 51:1-14. [PMID: 19551812 DOI: 10.1002/em.20505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify information on gene expression changes following exposures to inorganic arsenic compounds. This information was organized by compound, exposure, dose/concentration, species, tissue, and cell type. A concentration-related hierarchy of responses was observed, beginning with changes in gene/protein expression associated with adaptive responses (e.g., preinflammatory responses, delay of apoptosis). Between 0.1 and 10 microM, additional gene/protein expression changes related to oxidative stress, proteotoxicity, inflammation, and proliferative signaling occur along with those related to DNA repair, cell cycle G2/M checkpoint control, and induction of apoptosis. At higher concentrations (10-100 microM), changes in apoptotic genes dominate. Comparisons of primary cell results with those obtained from immortalized or tumor-derived cell lines were also evaluated to determine the extent to which similar responses are observed across cell lines. Although immortalized cells appear to respond similarly to primary cells, caution must be exercised in using gene expression data from tumor-derived cell lines, where inactivation or overexpression of key genes (e.g., p53, Bcl-2) may lead to altered genomic responses. Data from acute in vivo exposures are of limited value for evaluating the dose-response for gene expression, because of the transient, variable, and uncertain nature of tissue exposure in these studies. The available in vitro gene expression data, together with information on the metabolism and protein binding of arsenic compounds, provide evidence of a mode of action for inorganic arsenic carcinogenicity involving interactions with critical proteins, such as those involved in DNA repair, overlaid against a background of chemical stress, including proteotoxicity and depletion of nonprotein sulfhydryls. The inhibition of DNA repair under conditions of toxicity and proliferative pressure may compromise the ability of cells to maintain the integrity of their DNA.
Collapse
|
45
|
Kim HJ, Shin JH, Kim TH, Kim EY, Park YS, Park CS, Song HY. Efficacy of Transarterial Embolization with Arsenic Trioxide Oil Emulsion in a Rabbit VX2 Liver Tumor Model. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2009; 20:1365-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
|
46
|
Antimony-trioxide- and arsenic-trioxide-induced apoptosis in myelogenic and lymphatic cell lines, recruitment of caspases, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential are enhanced by modulators of the cellular glutathione redox system. Ann Hematol 2009; 88:1047-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-009-0736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
47
|
Franco R, Sánchez-Olea R, Reyes-Reyes EM, Panayiotidis MI. Environmental toxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis: ménage à trois. Mutat Res 2008; 674:3-22. [PMID: 19114126 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is an evolutionary conserved homeostatic process involved in distinct physiological processes including organ and tissue morphogenesis, development and senescence. Its deregulation is also known to participate in the etiology of several human diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders. Environmental stressors (cytotoxic agents, pollutants or toxicants) are well known to induce apoptotic cell death and to contribute to a variety of pathological conditions. Oxidative stress seems to be the central element in the regulation of the apoptotic pathways triggered by environmental stressors. In this work, we review the established mechanisms by which oxidative stress and environmental stressors regulate the apoptotic machinery with the aim to underscore the relevance of apoptosis as a component in environmental toxicity and human disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Franco
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P. O. Box 12233, 111. T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Arsenic trioxide inhibits the growth of Calu-6 cells via inducing a G2 arrest of the cell cycle and apoptosis accompanied with the depletion of GSH. Cancer Lett 2008; 270:40-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
49
|
Han YH, Kim SH, Kim SZ, Park WH. Apoptosis in arsenic trioxide-treated Calu-6 lung cells is correlated with the depletion of GSH levels rather than the changes of ROS levels. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:862-78. [PMID: 18393359 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) can regulate many biological functions such as apoptosis and differentiation in various cells. We investigated an involvement of ROS such as H(2)O(2) and O(2)(*-), and GSH in ATO-treated Calu-6 cell death. The levels of intracellular H(2)O(2) were decreased in ATO-treated Calu-6 cells at 72 h. However, the levels of O(2)(*-) were significantly increased. ATO reduced the intracellular GSH content. Many of the cells having depleted GSH contents were dead, as evidenced by the propidium iodine staining. The activity of CuZn-SOD was strongly down-regulated by ATO at 72 h while the activity of Mn-SOD was weakly up-regulated. The activity of catalase was decreased by ATO. ROS scavengers, Tiron and Trimetazidine did not reduce levels of apoptosis and intracellular O(2)(*-) in ATO-treated Calu-6 cells. Tempol showing a decrease in intracellular O(2)(*-) levels reduced the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)). Treatment with NAC showing the recovery of GSH depletion and the decreased effect on O(2)(*-) levels in ATO-treated cells significantly inhibited apoptosis. In addition, BSO significantly increased the depletion of GSH content and apoptosis in ATO-treated cells. Treatment with SOD and catalase significantly reduced the levels of O(2)(*-) levels in ATO-treated cells, but did not inhibit apoptosis along with non-effect on the recovery of GSH depletion. Taken together, our results suggest that ATO induces apoptosis in Calu-6 cells via the depletion of the intracellular GSH contents rather than the changes of ROS levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hwan Han
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Centers for Healthcare Technology Development, Chonbuk National University, JeonJu 561-180, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chiou TJ, Chu ST, Tzeng WF, Huang YC, Liao CJ. Arsenic trioxide impairs spermatogenesis via reducing gene expression levels in testosterone synthesis pathway. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 21:1562-9. [PMID: 18630931 DOI: 10.1021/tx700366x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has recently received a great deal of attention because of its capacity to cause complete remission of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). To evaluate possible toxicity on the male reproductive system during arsenic therapy, male mice were used as a model. Outbred mice (ICR/CD1 and S-W, 6 weeks old) were subcutaneously administered As2O3 continuously for 5 days, with a 2-day interval, for a period of 3 weeks. As2O3 doses were 0, 0.15, 0.3, 1.5, and 3.0 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. No mice died in any dosage group. Our data showed no significant changes in food consumption or in the weight of the body, liver, testis, or epididymis after As2O3 treatment. Using histological observation to identify the stages of seminiferous tubules, we showed that As2O3 treatment resulted in the inhibition of spermatogenesis. The frequency of mature seminiferous tubules (stages VII and VIII) was markedly decreased after As2O3 treatment. A significant decrease in sperm motility and viability also was found with computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and a SYBR14/PI staining assay. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we found a significant decrease in levels of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg body weight. No significant difference was found in plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in all dosages. A significant decrease was found in plasma testosterone in all dosages, but no difference in intratesticular testosterone, with the exception of As2O3 at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg body weight. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in the levels of mRNA involved in testicular testosterone synthesis, cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage (P450scc), 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD), and cytochrome P450 17-alpha hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase (Cyp17). The use of immunohistological observation showed no obvious difference in the testosterone level of Leydig cells of mice treated with As2O3 at doses of 0.3 and 1.5 mg/kg body weight. We concluded that As2O3 treatment caused damage to sperm mobility and viability. As2O3 treatment disturbed spermatogenesis via reducing gene expression of the key enzymes in testosterone synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzeon-Jye Chiou
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|