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Wu SZ, Lan YY, Chu CY, Lee YP, Chang HY, Huang BM. Sodium arsenite and dimethylarsenic acid induces apoptosis in OC3 oral cavity cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2022; 27:26. [PMID: 36524366 PMCID: PMC9813566 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although arsenic is an environmental toxicant, arsenic trioxide (ATO) is used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with anticancer effects. Studies have demonstrated oral cancer is in the top 10 cancers in Taiwan. High rate of oral cancers is linked to various behaviors, such as excessive alcohol consumption and tobacco use. Similarly, betel chewing is a strong risk factor in oral cancer. In the present study, oral squamous carcinoma OC3 cells were investigated with the treatments of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA), respectively, to examine if arsenic compounds have anti‑cancer efforts. It was found that 1 µM NaAsO2 and 1 mM DMA for 24 h induced rounded contours with membrane blebbing phenomena in OC3 cells, revealing cell apoptotic characteristics. In addition, NaAsO2 (10‑100 µM) and DMA (1‑100 mM) significantly decreased OC3 cell survival. In cell cycle regulation detected by flow cytometry, NaAsO2 and DMA significantly augmented percentage of subG1 and G2/M phases in OC3 cells, respectively. Annexin V/PI double staining assay was further used to confirm NaAsO2 and DMA did induce OC3 cell apoptosis. In mechanism investigation, western blotting assay was applied and the results showed that NaAsO2 and DMA significantly induced phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2 and p38 and then the cleavages of caspase‑8, ‑9, ‑3 and poly ADP‑ribose polymerase (PARP) in OC3 cells, dynamically. In conclusion, NaAsO2 and DMA activated MAPK pathways and then apoptotic pathways to induce OC3 oral cancer cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Zhen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan 73658, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Yan Lan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiao-Yun Chu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hong-Yi Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Correspondence to: Professor Hong-Yi Chang, Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 1, Nan-Tai Street, Yungkang, Tainan 71005, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mail:
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40406, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Professor Bu-Miin Huang, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C., E-mail:
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Wu SZ, Lan YY, Chu CY, Wang YK, Lee YP, Chang HY, Huang BM. Arsenic compounds induce apoptosis by activating the MAPK and caspase pathways in FaDu oral squamous carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2022; 60:18. [PMID: 35029282 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
For a number of years, oral cancer has remained in the top ten most common types of cancer, with an incidence rate that is steadily increasing. In total, ~75% oral cancer cases are associated with lifestyle factors, including uncontrolled alcohol consumption, betel and tobacco chewing, and the excessive use of tobacco. Notably, betel chewing is highly associated with oral cancer in Southeast Asia. Arsenic is a key environmental toxicant; however, arsenic trioxide has been used as a medicine for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia, highlighting its anticancer properties. The present study aimed to investigate the role of arsenic compounds in the treatment of cancer, using FaDu oral squamous carcinoma cells treated with sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA). The results demonstrated that FaDu cells exhibited membrane blebbing phenomena and high levels of apoptosis following treatment with 10 µM NaAsO2 and 1 mM DMA for 24 h. The results of cell viability assay demonstrated that the rate of FaDu cell survival was markedly reduced as the concentration of arsenic compounds increased from 10 to 100 µM NaAsO2, and 1 to 100 mM DMA. Moreover, flow cytometry was carried out to further examine the effects of arsenic compounds on FaDu cell cycle regulation; the results revealed that treatment with NaAsO2 and DMA led to a significant increase in the percentage of FaDu cells in the sub‑G1 and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. An Annexin V/PI double staining assay was subsequently performed to verify the levels of FaDu cell apoptosis following treatment with arsenic compounds. Furthermore, the results of the western blot analyses revealed that the expression levels of caspase‑8, ‑9 and ‑3, and poly ADP‑ribose polymerase, as well the levels of phosphorylated JNK and ERK1/2 were increased following treatment with NaAsO2 and DMA in the FaDu cells. On the whole, the results of the present study revealed that treatment with NaAsO2 and DMA promoted the apoptosis of FaDu oral cancer cells, by activating MAPK pathways, as well as the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Zhen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73657, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Yan Lan
- Department of Nursing, Shu‑Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 82144, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiao-Yun Chu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yang-Kao Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Ping Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hong-Yi Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, College of Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Mo CKM, Cho KY, Au AKY, Chu CY. Optimisation of Gadolinium and Iodinated Contrast Ratio for 1.5T and 3T MR Arthrography: An In Vitro Study. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2021. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2117225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CKM Mo
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - KY Cho
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - AKY Au
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - CY Chu
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
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Lui HKH, Lee DTF, Cheng JHM, Tang KYK, Chu CY, Leung WKW, Kan WK. Single-Pass Split-Bolus Whole-Body Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Protocol for Trauma Patients. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2021. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2117195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- HKH Lui
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - DTF Lee
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - JHM Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - KYK Tang
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - CY Chu
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - WKW Leung
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - WK Kan
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
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Foo NP, Ko CL, Chu CY, Wang CY, So EC, Huang BM. Arsenic compounds activate the MAPK and caspase pathways to induce apoptosis in OEC‑M1 gingival epidermal carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2701-2714. [PMID: 33125114 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a well‑documented environmental toxicant that can induce neurotoxicity and peripheral vascular diseases. In fact, arsenic trioxide has been used to treat various cancer types. Oral cancer has been in the top ten common cancers for decades in Taiwan, and the incidence rate is continuously increasing. The majority of oral cancers are associated with excessive tobacco, alcohol consumption and betel chewing. To the best of our knowledge, no study has revealed the effect of arsenic compounds on oral cancers. Thus, the present study used OEC‑M1 oral squamous carcinoma cells treated with sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) to determine whether both arsenic compounds could exert anticancer effects on oral cancer. The results demonstrated that NaAsO2 and DMA induced rounding up and membrane blebbing in OEC‑M1 cells, which are morphological characteristics of apoptosis. Annexin V/PI double staining analysis further confirmed that both arsenic compounds induced apoptosis of OEC‑M1 cells. In addition, NaAsO2 and DMA significantly decreased the survival rate and increased the percentage of OEC‑M1 cells in the subG1 and G2/M phases (P<0.05). Furthermore, both arsenic compounds significantly activated the cleavage of caspase‑8, ‑9, ‑3 and PARP, and the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2 and p38 in OEC‑M1 cells (P<0.05). Collectively, the findings of the present study indicated that NaAsO2 and DMA stimulate extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways through the activation of the MAPK pathways to induce apoptosis of OEC‑M1 cells, suggesting that NaAsO2 and DMA may be used as novel anticancer drugs for oral cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ping Foo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 70965, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Lin Ko
- Department of Emergency Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 70965, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiao-Yun Chu
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Edmund Cheung So
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Bu-Miin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Cheng JHM, Leung WKW, Wong AHC, Lee BKH, Leung BST, Chu CY, Kan WK. Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Stones Removal — An Effective and Safe Alternative. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2020. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2016940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- JHM Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - WKW Leung
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - AHC Wong
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - BKH Lee
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - BST Leung
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - CY Chu
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - WK Kan
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
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Chu CY, Cho YT, Jiang JH, Chang CC, Liao SC, Tang CH. Patients with chronic urticaria have a higher risk of psychiatric disorders: a population-based study. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:335-341. [PMID: 31220338 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in patients with chronic urticaria (CU) in a national population is largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric medication use in patients with CU in Taiwan. METHODS Data were sourced from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database for 2011. Patients who had a primary/secondary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code of 708·1, 708·8 or 708·9 during 2011 with at least two outpatient visits and an antihistamine prescription were identified as CU cases. Patients with CU were classified into three disease severity groups according to their medication types. Psychiatric disorders were identified by patients having three outpatient visits with a primary or secondary diagnosis of a given psychiatric disease. Psychiatric medication use was defined by having at least four outpatient visits with prescriptions for anxiolytics, antidepressants or sleeping pills in 2010 or 2011. RESULTS Of the 167 132 patients with CU, 82·5% had mild CU, 17·0% had moderate CU and 0·4% had severe CU. Patients with CU had a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric medication prescription than control groups. The relative risk (RR) of psychiatric disorders was 1·43 for patients with mild, 1·50 for patients with moderate and 2·32 for patients with severe CU vs. the controls (P < 0·001). For psychiatric medication prescription, the RRs were 1·95, 2·70 and 2·09, respectively, vs. controls (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with CU had a higher prevalence and risk of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric medication prescription than control groups. What's already known about this topic? Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in patients with chronic urticaria (CU), with rates ranging from 35% to 60%. Anxiety, depression and somatoform disorders have been reported as the most prevalent mental disorders in patients with CU. What does this study add? Patients with CU had a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric medication use than control groups in the general population. The relative risk (RR) of psychiatric disorders was 1·43 for those with mild CU, 1·50 for those with moderate CU and 2·32 for those with severe CU vs. controls. The RR for psychiatric medication use was 1·95 for those with mild CU, 2·70 for those with moderate CU and 2·09 for those with severe CU vs. controls. Mental health evaluations and management are important elements in CU management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- Departments of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Y T Cho
- Departments of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - J H Jiang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C C Chang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S C Liao
- Departments of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - C H Tang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Luk SY, Lo SSW, Chu CY, Ma MW. Indurated Penile Swelling as a Rare Initial Clinical Presentation of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: a Case Report. Hong Kong J Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1916857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Tang DCW, Chu CY, Li R, Cheng SWH, Ng RYT, Tse JCH, Lai AYT, Sung THT, Tang KYK, Leung WKW, Khoo JLS. Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischaemic Stroke due to Large-vessel Occlusion: Single-centre Experience. Hong Kong J Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1716881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lee GKY, Lee KH, Chu CY, Li HL, Khoo JLS. Non-traumatic Ischiorectal Epidermoid Cyst. Hong Kong J Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1616403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lee BKH, Chu CY, Tang KYK, Cheng Y, Cheung FKY. Gastroduodenal Intussusception Secondary to Hyperplastic Polyps with Adenocarcinoma. Hong Kong J Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1716435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Chen KL, Cho YT, Yang CW, Sheen YS, Liang CW, Lacouture ME, Chu CY. Olmutinib-induced palmoplantar keratoderma. Br J Dermatol 2017; 178:e129-e131. [PMID: 28869782 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K L Chen
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Taiwan
| | - Y T Cho
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C W Yang
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y S Sheen
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C W Liang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M E Lacouture
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - C Y Chu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chu CY, Tang YK, Chan ATS, Lo SSW. Usg Quiz: A Child with Vomiting and Abdominal Pain. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791101800517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
Objective The classical radiographic signs in acute epiglottitis are qualitative. The purpose of our study was to identify objective radiographic parameters to aid diagnosis of acute epiglottitis in Chinese adults. Methods A case-control study of Chinese adult patients attending the accident and emergency department (AED) who were subsequently diagnosed to have acute epiglottitis from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2013 in a public hospital in Hong Kong. Controls were one-to-one age- and sex-matched patients who attended the AED during the study period for orthopaedic problems with cervical spine radiographs taken. Cases and controls were retrieved from the hospital computer system and their radiographs were interpreted by two specialist radiologists with various pharyngeal and laryngeal parameters, including the dimensions of the third cervical vertebral body, epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold, hypopharynx, retropharyngeal soft tissue and retrotracheal soft tissue, measured and analysed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for each of the parameters. Results Twenty-six patients and 26 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Epiglottis width of 5.5 mm or more was found to be 96.2% sensitive and 100% specific in diagnosing acute epiglottitis. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were infinity and 0.04 respectively. Aryepiglottic fold width of 5.9 mm or more was 92.3% sensitive and 80.8% specific. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 4.80 and 0.10 respectively. Conclusion The identified objective radiographic parameters should aid in the diagnosis of acute epiglottitis in Chinese adults. (Hong Kong j. emerg.med. 2016;23:168-175)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - NY Pan
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Department of Radiology, 2-10 Princess Margaret Hospital Road, Kwai Chung, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - CY Chu
- Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
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Lai YTA, Chu CY, Sung HT, Tang CW, Leung KW, Lo SWS, Khoo LSJ. Endovascular Therapy for Cerebral Vasospasm Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. Hong Kong J Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1715387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Niu QH, Cheng JL, Song XQ, Yang L, Chu CY, Liu H, Zhang LF, Li Y, Li YH. [Correlation between the clinical symptoms and the activation pattern of brain neurons in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 97:1290-1294. [PMID: 28482427 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.17.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the correlation between clinical symptoms of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the activation pattern of brain neurons at resting. Methods: A total of 26 patients diagnosed with fist-episode OCD were selected and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning at resting state. The fMRI data were processed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM8), Data Processing Assistant for Resting-State fMRI Analysis Toolkit (DPARSFA), and Resting State fMRI Data Analysis Toolkit (REST) software. With age as concomitant variable, Pearson Correlation Analysis was adopted to study the correlation between clinical symptoms (obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior) of patients and their regional homogeneity ( ReHo) values of whole brain. Results: The positive correlation between obsessive thoughts score of patients with OCD and ReHo value lied in insular_L, insular_R, cerebellum_L, cerebellum_R, calcarine_L, cuneus_L. The negative correlation between obsessive thoughts score of patients with OCD and ReHo value lied in thalamus_L, precuneus_L, caudate_L, cingulum_R, frontal_R. The positive correlation between compulsive behavior score of patients with OCD and ReHo value lied in temporal_L, frontal_inf_orb_l, frontal_inf_orb_R, frontal_mid_L, precentral_R. The negative correlation between compulsive behavior score of patients with OCD and ReHo value lied in cingulum-L, cingulum-R, caudate_L. Conclusion: Different obsessive-compulsive symptoms has different image foundation, and the dysfunction of cingulate has a major impact on the incidence of both obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior of OCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q H Niu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Lee TF, Chu CY, Sung HT, Leung ST, Leung KW, Kan WK. Reduction in Lens Dose in Temporal Bone Computed Tomography by Modification of Scanning Plane. Hong Kong J Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1615339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Gao W, Li JZH, Chen SQ, Chu CY, Chan JYW, Wong TS. Decreased brain-expressed X-linked 4 (BEX4) expression promotes growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:92. [PMID: 27297407 PMCID: PMC4906687 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain-expressed X-linked (BEX) 4 is a member of BEX family. The functional role of BEX4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unknown. Methods Expression level of BEX family members (BEX1-5) in OSCC tissues and the paired normal epithelial were examined. Functions of epigenetic changes (DNA methylation and histone modifications) on BEX4 suppression in OSCC were examined by zebularine and trichostatin A (TSA) treatment on OSCC cell lines. Lentivector containing full-length BEX4 was used to generate OSCC cell lines with stable BEX4 expression. Effects of BEX4 expression on OSCC proliferation were monitored with xCELLigence RTCA real-time cell analyzer. BEX4-overexpressing CAL27 was implanted into nude mice to evaluate the effects on tumor growth in vivo. The signaling pathways regulated by BEX4 in OSCC was explored using human whole-transcript expression microarray. Results Among the 5 BEX family members, BEX1 and BEX4 showed significant down-regulation in OSCC (P < 0.001). BEX3, in comparison, was overexpressed in the primary tumor. BEX4 expression in OSCC cell lines was re-activated after zebularine and TSA treatment. High BEX4 expression could suppress proliferation of OSCC in vitro. Subcutaneous tumor volume of BEX4-overexpressing CAL27 was remarkably reduced in nude mice. Microarray experiment showed that S100A family members (S100A7, S100A7A, S100A8, S100A9 & S100A12) might be the downstream targets of BEX4 in OSCC. Conclusions BEX4 functions as tumor suppressor by inhibiting proliferation and growth of oral cancer. Decreased BEX4 contributes to the increased proliferative propensity of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John Zeng-Hong Li
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Otolaryngology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si-Qi Chen
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chiao-Yun Chu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jimmy Yu-Wai Chan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Thian-Sze Wong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Lai BMH, Chu CY, Leung BST, Fung VKP, Lee DTF, Sung THT, Khoo JLS. Appendicitis Computed Tomography Score: a Useful Tool for Predicting Perforation and Surgical Course of Acute Appendicitis. Hong Kong J Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1515310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lee TF, Chu CY, Cheng CS, Khoo JLS. Incarcerated Right Diaphragmatic Hernia: a Rare Sequela of Open Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hong Kong J Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1514255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Chu CY, Jiang X, Jinnai H, Pei RY, Lin WF, Tsai JC, Chen HL. Correction: Real-space evidence of the equilibrium ordered bicontinuous double diamond structure of a diblock copolymer. Soft Matter 2015; 11:4142. [PMID: 25939696 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm90077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Correction for 'Real-space evidence of the equilibrium ordered bicontinuous double diamond structure of a diblock copolymer' by C. Y. Chu et al., Soft Matter, 2015, 11, 1871-1876.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan.
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Abstract
In diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, accurate and reliable estimation of intravoxel fiber architectures is a major prerequisite for tractography algorithms or any other derived statistical analysis. Several methods have been proposed that estimate intravoxel fiber architectures using low angular resolution acquisitions owing to their shorter acquisition time and relatively low b-values. But these methods are highly sensitive to noise. In this work, we propose a nonconvex regularized blind compressed sensing approach to estimate intravoxel fiber architectures in low angular resolution acquisitions. The method models diffusion-weighted (DW) signals as a sparse linear combination of unfixed reconstruction basis functions and introduces a nonconvex regularizer to enhance the noise immunity. We present a general solving framework to simultaneously estimate the sparse coefficients and the reconstruction basis. Experiments on synthetic, phantom, and real human brain DW images demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- HIT-INSA Sino French Research Centre fssor Biomedical Imaging, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China. CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U630, INSA of Lyon, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Chu CY, Jiang X, Jinnai H, Pei RY, Lin WF, Tsai JC, Chen HL. Real-space evidence of the equilibrium ordered bicontinuous double diamond structure of a diblock copolymer. Soft Matter 2015; 11:1871-1876. [PMID: 25635830 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02608j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ordered bicontinuous double diamond (OBDD) structure has long been believed to be an unstable ordered network nanostructure, which is relative to the ordered bicontinuous double gyroid (OBDG) structure for diblock copolymers. Using electron tomography, we present the first real-space observation of the thermodynamically stable OBDD structure in a diblock copolymer composed of a stereoregular block, syndiotactic polypropylene-block-polystyrene (sPP-b-PS), in which the sPP tetrapods are interconnected via a bicontinuous network with Pn3̄m symmetry. The OBDD structure underwent a thermally reversible order-order transition (OOT) to OBDG upon heating, and the transition was accompanied with a slight reduction of domain spacing, as demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically. The thermodynamic stability of the OBDD structure was attributed to the ability of the configurationally regular sPP block to form helical segments, even above its melting point, as the reduction of internal energy associated with the helix formation may effectively compensate the greater packing frustration in OBDD relative to that in the tripods of OBDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan.
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Lee BKH, Chu CY, Leung KW, Khoo JLS. Haemorrhagic Complication of Mandibular Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Controlled by Endovascular Embolisation. Hong Kong J Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1414232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Wan AYH, Shih MH, Lai BMH, Chu CY, Tang KYK, Chan RTM, Khoo JLS. Achievable Radiation Dose Reduction with Comparable Image Quality in Chest Radiography. Hong Kong J Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1413198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kardaun SH, Sekula P, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Liss Y, Chu CY, Creamer D, Sidoroff A, Naldi L, Mockenhaupt M, Roujeau JC. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study. Br J Dermatol 2014; 169:1071-80. [PMID: 23855313 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cases of severe drug hypersensitivity, demonstrating a variable spectrum of cutaneous and systemic involvement, are reported under various names, especially drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Case definition and overlap with other severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) are debated. OBJECTIVES To analyse the spectrum of signs and symptoms of DRESS and distribution of causative drugs in a large multicentre series. PATIENTS AND METHODS RegiSCAR, a multinational registry of SCAR, prospectively enrolled 201 potential cases from 2003 to mid-2009. Using a standardized scoring system, 117 cases were validated as showing probable or definite DRESS. RESULTS The male/female ratio was 0.80; females were borderline significantly younger than males. Next to the ubiquitous exanthema, the main features were eosinophilia (95%), visceral involvement (91%), high fever (90%), atypical lymphocytes (67%), mild mucosal involvement (56%) and lymphadenopathy (54%). The reaction was protracted in all but two patients; two patients died during the acute phase. Drug causality was plausible in 88% of cases. Antiepileptic drugs were involved in 35%, allopurinol in 18%, antimicrobial sulfonamides and dapsone in 12% and other antibiotics in 11%. The median time interval after drug intake was 22 days (interquartile range 17-31) for all drugs with (very) probable causality, with differences between drugs. CONCLUSION This prospective observational study supports the hypothesis that DRESS is an original phenotype among SCAR in terms of clinical and biological characteristics, causative drugs, and time relation. The diversity of causative drugs was rather limited, and mortality was lower than that suggested by prior publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kardaun
- Department of Dermatology, Reference Center for Cutaneous Adverse Reactions, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Leung ST, Chu CY, Lai BMH, Cheung FMF, Khoo JLS. Scrotal wall metastasis as the first manifestation of primary gastric adenocarcinoma. Hong Kong Med J 2014; 20:70-3. [DOI: 10.12809/hkmj133879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Melamine contamination in food has resulted in sickness and deaths of human infants, pets, and farm animals in the past decade. The majority of the victims suffered from acute kidney injury, nephrolithiasis, and urolithiasis. Since then, animal studies have revealed the possible target organs of the melamine toxicity and the extent of the adverse effects of the contaminant. State-of-the-art analytical methods have been developed to achieve the "zero tolerance" aim for such economically motivated adulteration. These studies provide in-depth understanding of the melamine toxicity and promising analytical methods, which can help us safeguard our dairy food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
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Lay CH, Chang FY, Chu CY, Chen CC, Chi YC, Hsieh TT, Huang HH, Lin CY. Enhancement of anaerobic biohydrogen/methane production from cellulose using heat-treated activated sludge. Water Sci Technol 2011; 63:1849-1854. [PMID: 21902022 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is an effective technology to convert cellulosic wastes to methane and hydrogen. Heat-treatment is a well known method to inhibit hydrogen-consuming bacteria in using anaerobic mixed cultures for seeding. This study aims to investigate the effects of heat-treatment temperature and time on activated sludge for fermentative hydrogen production from alpha-cellulose by response surface methodology. Hydrogen and methane production was evaluated based on the production rate and yield (the ability of converting cellulose into hydrogen and methane) with heat-treated sludge as the seed at various temperatures (60-97 degrees C) and times (20-60 min). Batch experiments were conducted at 55 degrees C and initial pH of 8.0. The results indicate that hydrogen and methane production yields peaked at 4.3 mmol H2/g cellulose and 11.6 mmol CH4/g cellulose using the seed activated sludge that was thermally treated at 60 degrees C for 40 min. These parameter values are higher than those of no-treatment seed (HY 3.6 mmol H2/g cellulose and MY 10.4 mmol CH4/g cellulose). The maximum hydrogen production rate of 26.0 mmol H2/L/d and methane production rate of 23.2 mmol CH4/L/d were obtained for the seed activated sludge that was thermally treated at 70 degrees C for 50 min and 60 degrees C for 40 min, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lay
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Chinese Taiwan.
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Khaw KS, Ngan Kee WD, Chu CY, Ng FF, Tam WH, Critchley LAH, Rogers MS, Wang CC. Effects of different inspired oxygen fractions on lipid peroxidation during general anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 2010; 105:355-60. [PMID: 20576633 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During general anaesthesia (GA) for Caesarean section (CS), fetal oxygenation is increased by administering an inspired oxygen fraction (Fi(o(2))) of 1.0. However, it is unclear whether such high Fi(o(2)) will increase oxygen free radical activity. METHODS We randomized 39 ASA I-II parturients undergoing elective CS under GA to receive 30% (Gp 30), 50% (Gp 50), or 100% (Gp 100) oxygen with nitrous oxide and sevoflurane adjusted to provide equivalent minimum alveolar concentration. Baseline maternal arterial blood before preoxygenation and maternal arterial, umbilical arterial and venous blood at delivery were sampled for assays of the by-product of lipid peroxidation, isoprostane, and for measurement of blood gases and oxygen content. RESULTS Maternal and umbilical isoprostane concentrations were similar among the three groups at delivery, despite significantly increased maternal and fetal oxygenation in Gp 100. However, paired comparisons of maternal delivery vs baseline concentration of isoprostane showed an increase at delivery for all groups [Gp 30: mean 342 (sd 210) vs 154 (65) pg ml(-1), P=0.016; Gp 50: 284 (129) vs 156 (79) pg ml(-1), P=0.009; Gp 100: 332 (126) vs 158 (68) pg ml(-1), P<0.001]. The magnitude of increase was similar in all three groups and independent of the Fi(o(2)) or duration after induction. CONCLUSIONS GA for CS is associated with a marked increase in free radical activity in the mother and baby. The mechanism is unclear but it is independent of the inspired oxygen in the anaesthetic mixture. Therefore, when 100% oxygen is administered with sevoflurane for GA, fetal oxygenation can be increased, without inducing an increase in lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Khaw
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Pong JCF, Chu CY, Chu KO, Poon TCW, Ngai SM, Pang CP, Wang CC. Identification of hemopexin in tear film. Anal Biochem 2010; 404:82-5. [PMID: 20450875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human tear fluid is a complex mixture of aqueous lipids, proteins, enzymes, and other biochemical and cellular elements. By conventional comparative proteomic approaches, we investigated the proteome in human tear fluid and compared the tear protein profile of normal control subjects with that of patients suffering from the ocular inflammatory disease vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). Collected tear samples were directed to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein separation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry peptide identification. Six differentially expressed proteins-interleukin 4, phospholipase A2, albumin, lactoferrin, hemopexin, and lipocalin-were displayed. Hemopexin had not been reported previously in tear film. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed that hemopexin concentrations were significantly higher in VKC tear samples and increased with disease stages. The results implied clinical interest of hemopexin in the tear proteome and eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C F Pong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Xu H, Lui WT, Chu CY, Ng PS, Wang CC, Rogers MS. Anti-angiogenic effects of green tea catechin on an experimental endometriosis mouse model. Hum Reprod 2008; 24:608-18. [PMID: 19088106 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of new blood vessels plays an essential role in growth and survival of endometriosis. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea has powerful anti-angiogenic properties and our aim was to evaluate these properties in experimental endometriosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Eutopic endometrium from endometriosis patients was transplanted s.c. to severely compromised immunodeficient mice, randomly treated i.p. with EGCG (anti-angiogenic and -oxidant), Vitamin E (a non-angiogenic antioxidant) or saline for 2 weeks. The endometrial implant, including adjacent host outer skin and subcutaneous layers plus inner abdominal muscle and peritoneum, was collected. New microvessels were determined by species-specific immunohistochemistry. Angiogenic factors in lesions and abdominal muscle were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Apoptosis was studied by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling and quantitative real-time PCR. In saline control, endometrial implants developed new blood vessels with proliferating glandular epithelium and were tightly adhered to host subcutaneous and abdominal muscle layers. After EGCG, endometriotic lesions were smaller than control (P < 0.05), and glandular epithelium was smaller and eccentrically distributed. Angiogenesis in lesions from the implant and adjacent tissues was under-developed, and microvessel size and density were lower (both P < 0.01) than control. mRNA for angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor A, but not hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit, was significantly down-regulated in lesions after EGCG (P < 0.05). In addition, apoptosis in the lesions was more obvious, and nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen activated protein kinase 1 mRNA levels were up-regulated (P < 0.05) after EGCG treatment. No differences were observed with Vitamin E treatment. CONCLUSIONS EGCG significantly inhibits the development of experimental endometriosis through anti-angiogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Choy KW, Liu YM, Chu CY, Wang CC, Lui WT, Lee LL, Pang MW, Rogers MS, Yip SK. High isoprostane level in cardinal ligament-derived fibroblasts and urine sample of women with uterine prolapse. BJOG 2008; 115:1179-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lin YT, Wang CT, Lee JH, Chu CY, Tsao WC, Yang YH, Chiang BL. Higher Bcl-2 levels decrease staphylococcal superantigen-induced apoptosis of CD4+ T cells in atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2007; 62:520-6. [PMID: 17313401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcal superantigens (SsAgs) contribute to the persistence of allergic skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD). The aims of this study were to (1) determine whether there are differences between AD patients and healthy subjects in SsAg-induced caspase-3 activation and SsAg-induced changes of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA levels of CD4+ T cells; (2) investigate the effect of interleukin (IL)-4 on SsAg-induced caspase-3 activation and SsAg-induced changes of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA levels of CD4+ T cells. METHODS Using immunofluorescence staining followed by flow cytometric analysis and real-time PCR, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells with or without staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) stimulation in the presence or absence of recombinant IL-4 or anti-IL-4 neutralizing antibodies in 16 AD patients and 14 healthy subjects. RESULTS SEB-reactive (TCRVbeta3+, Vbeta12+, and Vbeta17+) CD4+ T cells from AD patients were more resistant to SEB-induced caspase-3 activation and SEB-induced decrease of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA than those from healthy subjects. Exogenously added IL-4 inhibited SEB-induced caspase-3 activation and SEB-induced decrease of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA in SEB-reactive CD4+ T cells from healthy subjects. Inhibition of endogenous IL-4 by using anti-IL-4 neutralizing antibodies up-regulated SEB-induced caspase-3 activation and SEB-induced decrease of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA in SEB-reactive CD4+ T cells from AD patients. CONCLUSIONS Following SsAg stimulation, IL-4 produced by T cells in AD patients down-regulates SsAg-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis of CD4+ T cells through inhibiting the decrease of Bcl-2. This may impair deletion of SsAg-activated T cells and resolution of allergic skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chu KO, Wang CC, Chu CY, Choy KW, Pang CP, Rogers MS. Uptake and distribution of catechins in fetal organs following in utero exposure in rats. Hum Reprod 2006; 22:280-7. [PMID: 16959805 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although catechins are known to be powerful antioxidants, no reports have shown their transport to fetal organs. We investigated the distribution of catechins in fetal rat organs after maternal exposure to green tea extract (GTE). METHODS GTE (550 mg/kg) or water was fed orally to pregnant dams at 15.5 days of gestation, the dams were sacrificed and fetal organs were dissected 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 h later. Catechins and catechin gallates were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after solid-phase extraction. RESULTS In the GTE-treated group, catechins were detected in most of the fetal organs studied, including the brain, eyes, heart, lungs, kidneys and liver but not in the control group. The first peak times (T(max)) were about 0.5-1 h. The maximum concentrations (C(max)) of catechins in the fetal eye were about 2-10 times higher than in the other organs, ranging from 249 pmol/g for epicatechin (EC) to 831 pmol/g for epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Catechin gallates were generally more readily taken up by fetal organs than catechins. EGCG had the highest level of uptake according to area under the curve (AUC) plots and the highest C(max) in all organs. CONCLUSIONS Various fetal organs had low but significant levels of catechins after GTE intake by the dams, and organ levels were found to be related to catechin structure. EGCG could be a potential candidate for antioxidant supplementation of the fetus in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese Univerity of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between the levels of maternal oxidative stress and glycaemia during pregnancy and to compare the predictive values of 8-epimer of prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-isoPGF(2alpha)) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in midpregnancy for the development of hypertensive complications in later pregnancy. DESIGN Prospective observational study as an ancillary study to the Hyperglycaemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study. SETTING Obstetric clinics and wards of a university teaching hospital in Hong Kong. POPULATION Selected women with singleton pregnancies attending the antenatal clinic. METHODS Pregnant women who met HAPO inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Glucose tolerance was assessed by a 75-g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-32 weeks of gestation. Fasting plasma samples for 8-isoPGF(2alpha) estimation and urine samples for 8-isoPGF(2alpha) and 2,3-dinor 8-isoPGF(2alpha) assays were collected and blood pressures measured during the OGTT visit. Random plasma and urine samples were also obtained at 34-37 weeks. Glucose results were unblinded to the attending obstetrician if limits preset under the HAPO protocol were met. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Maternal plasma 8-isoPGF(2alpha) and urinary 8-isoPGF(2alpha) and 2,3-dinor 8-isoPGF(2alpha) both at the time of OGTT (24-32 weeks) and at 34-37 weeks of gestation. Incidence of pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension. RESULTS Of the 408 women who attended for OGTT at 24-32 weeks, two met the glucose criteria for unblinding and 25 had missing 8-isoPGF(2alpha) values and thus were excluded from analysis. Of the 381 women, 338 (88.7%) attended for random plasma samples at 34-37 weeks. Significant correlations were observed between maternal fasting plasma isoprostane and both fasting (r= 0.20; P < 0.001) and 2-hour (r= 0.39; P < 0.001) plasma glucose levels at the time of OGTT. Gestational hypertension/pre-eclampsia occurred in 17 (4.2%) women, and at the time of OGTT, they had significantly higher fasting plasma 8-isoPGF(2alpha) (P < 0.001), urine 8-isoPGF(2alpha) (P < 0.005) and urine 2,3-dinor 8-isoPGF(2alpha) to creatinine ratios (P < 0.001), as well as higher MAP (P < 0.001) than women who remained normotensive. At 34-37 weeks, only random plasma 8-isoPGF(2alpha) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) among the women with gestational hypertension/pre-eclampsia. CONCLUSIONS Plasma markers of oxidative stress were positively correlated with plasma glucose at the time of OGTT (24-32 weeks). Women who subsequently developed gestational hypertension/pre-eclampsia had significantly higher plasma and urine markers of oxidative stress at the time of OGTT but only higher plasma markers at 34-37 weeks. Plasma 8-isoPGF(2alpha) appears to be a very good predictor of subsequent gestational hypertension/pre-eclampsia when measured at the time of OGTT, but its ability to discriminate deteriorates as pregnancy advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rogers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Jee SH, Chiu HC, Tsai TF, Tsai WL, Liao YH, Chu CY, Kuo ML. The phosphotidyl inositol 3-kinase/Akt signal pathway is involved in interleukin-6-mediated Mcl-1 upregulation and anti-apoptosis activity in basal cell carcinoma cells. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 119:1121-7. [PMID: 12445202 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.19503.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of interleukin-6 has been reported to be associated with various types of tumors, and interleukin-6 plays an important part in regulating apoptosis in many types of cells. Previously, Mcl-1 was shown to be significantly increased in interleukin-6-overexpressed basal cell carcinoma cells and conferred on them anti-apoptotic activity. The aim of this study was to investigate which signaling pathway is involved in the anti-apoptotic effect of interleukin-6 on basal cell carcinoma cells. Here we show that the addition of recombinant 100 ng per ml interleukin-6 to basal cell carcinoma cells induced a 2.3-fold increase in the level of Mcl-1 protein in basal cell carcinoma cells. Transfection with dominant-negative STAT3 (STAT3F) into inter-leukin-6-treated basal cell carcinoma cells caused a decrease of phosphotyrosyl STAT3 but did not alter Mcl-1 protein levels; however, AG490, a Janus tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was capable of inhibiting the interleukin-6-induced elevation of Mcl-1 protein. Next, interleukin-6 stimulation elicited extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation in basal cell carcinoma cells, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, PD98059, could affect this response without affecting the interleukin-6-medi-ated Mcl-1 upregulation. Use of the two phosphotidyl inositol 3-kinase inhibitors, LY294002 and wortmannin, to check whether this pathway is involved in Mcl-1 upregulation by interleukin-6, we found that the phosphotidyl inositol 3-kinase inhibitors completely attenuated the interleukin-6-induced Mcl-1 upregulation. Furthermore, in the interleukin-6-overexpressing basal cell carcinoma cell clone, dominant-negative Akt also significantly reduced the increased level of Mcl-1. Interestingly, Janus tyrosine kinase inhibitor, AG490, treatment strongly blocked the phosphotidyl inositol 3-kinase pathway activation, as evidenced by the decrease in phospho-Akt level. Blockage of phosphotidyl inositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway abolished the interleukin-6-mediated anti-apoptotic activity in ultraviolet B treated cells. Unexpectedly, without ultraviolet B irradiation, STAT3F transfection also induced a significant apoptosis in basal cell carcinoma/interleukin-6 cells. Taken together, our data suggest that both the phosphotidyl inositol 3-kinase/Akt and STAT3 pathways are potentially involved in interleukin-6-mediated cell survival activity in basal cell carcinoma cells; however, the upregulation of the anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 protein by interleukin-6 is mainly through the Janus tyrosine kinase/phosphotidyl inositol 3-kinase/Akt, but not the STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jee
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taiwan
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Lin YC, Chu CY, Chiu HC. Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica (Bazex's syndrome): unusual association with a peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Acta Derm Venereol 2001; 81:440-1. [PMID: 11859956 DOI: 10.1080/000155501317208471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
Duck parvovirus (DPV) and Goose parvovirus (GPV) isolated from infected waterfowls with Derzsy's disease in the year 1999 were identified by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. The nucleotide sequences of their viral capsid proteins (VPs) show that they share 77% similarity at the DNA, and 84.6% at the protein level. The most variable region between DPV and GPV resides in the N-terminal of VP2 before the initiation codon of VP3 with 35% (19/54) amino acids divergence. Viral capsid protein sequences diverge 4.1 to 4.4% among 1990-99 isolated strains. Variant amino acids cluster in the common regions of VP3 at residues 203-266 and 482-534 which overlaps with the regions proposed to expose on the outer surfaces of parvoviral particles, implying that selective pressure from host immune system might play a part. These data provide useful information for antigenic epitope prediction. This study also reveal the presence of conserved strain-specific residues in VPs and these residues seldom vary among different viral isolates, suggesting that they might be functionally important and worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun-Yat-Sen University, Republic of China
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Abstract
Gemcitabine is considered to be a well-tolerated and safe cytostatic drug because of the relative lack of side effects. Cutaneous reactions due to gemcitabine treatment, including alopecia and maculopapular eruption, are well known. We report one patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung who developed a gemcitabine-induced cutaneous reaction mimicking acute lipodermatosclerosis. This case has never been reported in the literature before.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
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Padmanabhan S, Zhou K, Chu CY, Lim RW, Lim LW. Overexpression, biophysical characterization, and crystallization of ribonuclease I from Escherichia coli, a broad-specificity enzyme in the RNase T2 family. Arch Biochem Biophys 2001; 390:42-50. [PMID: 11368513 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.2001.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have constructed a strain that overproduces ribonuclease I of Escherichia coli and we have purified large quantities of the enzyme. Data from fluorescence, CD, and DSC measurements showed that it was a very stable protein. The conformation energy determined from urea and guanidine hydrochloride denaturation experiments was 11.5 kcal mol(-1) at pH 7.5. Thermal denaturation studies indicated that it had a T(m) of 64 degrees C at pH 4.0. RNase I belongs to the RNase T2/S-RNase group of endoribonucleases, but near the amino terminus it has an unusually long hydrophilic segment. Part of this was removed in the deletion construct, RNase I Delta(26-38). We have obtained crystals of both RNase I and of an enzyme-G2'p5'G complex in the P2(1) space group and oligonucleotide complexes with both wild type and mutant enzymes. The current study lays the groundwork for extensive investigation into the structure, function, and physical properties of this widely distributed group of ribonucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Padmanabhan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shiau AL, Chu CY, Su WC, Wu CL. Vaccination with the glycoprotein D gene of pseudorabies virus delivered by nonpathogenic Escherichia coli elicits protective immune responses. Vaccine 2001; 19:3277-84. [PMID: 11312026 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(00)00542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Attenuated intracellular bacteria, such as Salmonella and Shigella, have been exploited to act as gene delivery vectors. In this study, we report that nonpathogenic, live Escherichia coli can be used for the delivery of DNA vaccines in vivo, leading to generation of immune responses against plasmid-encoded foreign antigens. The pseudorabies virus (PrV) DNA vaccine carrying the glycoprotein D (gD) gene delivered by E. coli was able to induce protective immune responses in mice against a lethal PrV challenge. Co-delivery of E. coli carrying plasmid DNA encoding prothymosin alpha enhanced cellular immune responses to the PrV DNA vaccine delivered by E. coli. Our results suggest that nonpathogenic E. coli may be used as a vector for DNA vaccines in veterinary uses.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/pathogenicity
- Female
- Genes, Viral
- Genetic Vectors
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Suid/pathogenicity
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/immunology
- Pseudorabies/immunology
- Pseudorabies/prevention & control
- Pseudorabies Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Pseudorabies Vaccines/genetics
- Pseudorabies Vaccines/immunology
- Swine
- Swine Diseases/immunology
- Swine Diseases/prevention & control
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Thymosin/analogs & derivatives
- Thymosin/genetics
- Thymosin/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/genetics
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Shiau
- Department of Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
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Abstract
Esculetin, a coumarin compound, has been shown to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, esculetin was found to inhibit the survival of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. HL-60 cells underwent internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis after a 24-h treatment with esculetin (100 microM). Flow cytometric analysis showed that the hypodiploid nuclei of HL-60 cells were increased to 40.93% after a 36-h treatment with esculetin (100 microM). Further investigation showed that esculetin induced the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into cytosol in a time-dependent and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, esculetin application reduced Bcl-2 protein expression to 58% after 9 h as compared with that time at 0. Cysteine protease 32 kDa proenzyme (CPP32), a caspase 3, was activated and its substrate, poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase, was cleaved after a 24-h treatment of HL-60 cells with esculetin. These data suggest that esculetin induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells by increasing cytosolic translocation of cytochrome c and activation of CPP32.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- Department and Institute of Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, No. 110, Section 1, Chien Kuo N. Road, 402, Taichung, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
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Abstract
A bubbling fluidized bed reactor was used as a desulfurization apparatus in this study. The height of the bed was 2.5m, and the inner diameter was 9cm. The bed materials were calcium sorbent and silica sand. The effects of the operating parameters of the flue gas desulfurization including relative humidity, temperature, superficial gas velocity, and the particle size of calcium sorbent on SO2 removal efficiency and calcium sorbent conversion and attrition rate in the fluidized bed were investigated. It was found that the temperature effect in our system was negligible from 40 to 65 degrees C. A higher relative humidity had a higher calcium conversion and a higher sulfur dioxide removal efficiency. Moreover, a smaller particle size of calcium sorbent had a lower calcium conversion in the cyclone but a higher sulfur dioxide removal efficiency. A lower superficial gas velocity resulted in a higher sulfur dioxide removal efficiency and a higher calcium conversion, thus, the total volume of the flue gas treated was maximum near the minimum fluidization velocity. Finally, an attrition rate model proposed in this study could predict the elutriation rate satisfactorily.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Kuang Fu Road, 30043, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
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Tseng TH, Kao TW, Chu CY, Chou FP, Lin WL, Wang CJ. Induction of apoptosis by hibiscus protocatechuic acid in human leukemia cells via reduction of retinoblastoma (RB) phosphorylation and Bcl-2 expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2000; 60:307-15. [PMID: 10856425 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00322-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hibiscus protocatechuic acid (PCA), a phenolic compound isolated from the dried flower of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae), demonstrated antioxidant and antitumor promotion effects in our previous study. In the present study, Hibiscus PCA was found to inhibit the survival of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The study revealed that HL-60 cells underwent internucleosomal DNA fragmentation and morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis after a 9-hr treatment with Hibiscus PCA (2 mM). Flow cytometric analysis of the DNA content of cells treated with PCA for 12 hr showed that the cells were distributed mainly in the hypodiploid phase (apoptotic peak, 46.7%), less in the G(1) (34.2%) and S phase (14.0%), and few in the G(2)/M phase (5.1%). Moreover, PCA treatment caused an increase in the level of hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma (RB; 180% of control at the 6-hr time point) and, on the contrary, a decline in hyperphosphorylated RB. A rapid loss of RB was observed when the treatment period was extended. Further studies showed that Hibiscus PCA application reduced Bcl-2 protein expression to 47%, and increased Bax protein expression to 181% after 1.5 hr as compared with time 0. Overexpression of Bcl-2 in HL-60 cells delayed the occurrence of Hibiscus PCA-induced apoptosis. These data suggest that Hibiscus PCA is an apoptosis inducer in human leukemia cells, and that RB phosphorylation and Bcl-2 protein may play a crucial role in the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Tseng
- Department and Institute of Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan
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